IBWiki:Upload log

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  <page>
    <title>IBWiki:Upload log</title>
    <id>1</id>
    <revision>
      <id>11042</id>
      <timestamp>2005-04-15T22:48:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded &quot;Anaisbouvierlo.jpg&quot;: Anais Bouvier</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Below is a list of the most recent file uploads.
All times shown are server time (UTC).
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;22:48, 15 Apr 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Anaisbouvierlo.jpg|Anaisbouvierlo.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Anais Bouvier)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;17:27, 15 Apr 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Young2.jpg|Young2.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Picture of Jean-Francois Young, Expertly created by Marc Pasquin)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;18:47, 11 Apr 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:France_flag_large.png|France_flag_large.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(French Flag)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;05:34, 11 Apr 2005 [[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Tocharian_flag.gif|Tocharian_flag.gif]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of Tocharstan)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;05:34, 11 Apr 2005 [[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Ncf_flag.gif|Ncf_flag.gif]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of the North Caucasian Federation)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;05:33, 11 Apr 2005 [[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Komi_flag.gif|Komi_flag.gif]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of the Komi Republic)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;05:33, 11 Apr 2005 [[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Kalmyk_flag.gif|Kalmyk_flag.gif]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of Kalmykia)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;19:03, 10 Apr 2005 [[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Rpn_flag.gif|Rpn_flag.gif]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of the RPN)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;07:40, 10 Apr 2005 [[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Vozgian_flag.gif|Vozgian_flag.gif]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of the Vozgian Republic)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;01:29, 5 Apr 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:CELCAGOM.jpg|CELCAGOM.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Nations of the former &amp;#91;&amp;#91;CELCAGOM]])&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;01:16, 5 Apr 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Aragonese.jpg|Aragonese.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Map showing &amp;#91;&amp;#91;Aragonese League]] countries)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;01:16, 5 Apr 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:ULA.jpg|ULA.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Map showing &amp;#91;&amp;#91;Lusoamerican Union]] countries)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;07:40, 4 Apr 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Ula.flag.png|Ula.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of the &amp;#91;&amp;#91;Lusoamerican Union]])&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;07:39, 4 Apr 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Cel.flag.png|Cel.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flaf of &amp;#91;&amp;#91;CELCAGOM]])&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;07:37, 4 Apr 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Lar.flag.png|Lar.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of the &amp;#91;&amp;#91;Aragonese League]])&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;03:12, 4 Apr 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Mcn.flag.png|Mcn.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of the &amp;#91;&amp;#91;Castilian Commonwealth of Nations]])&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;02:57, 4 Apr 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Japan.jpg|Japan.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Japan map from Wikipedia, under GNU.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;02:52, 4 Apr 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Snor.jpg|Snor.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(SNOR file from Wikipedia GNU)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;02:02, 4 Apr 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Pan.flag.png|Pan.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(&amp;#91;&amp;#91;Andean Pact]] flag)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;02:01, 4 Apr 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Andean.jpg|Andean.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(&amp;#91;&amp;#91;Andean Pact]])&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;01:37, 4 Apr 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:MCN.jpg|MCN.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(&amp;#91;&amp;#91;Castilian Commonwealth of Nations]])&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;22:29, 3 Apr 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Comnat.jpg|Comnat.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Commonwealth of Nations map from Wikipedia under GNU)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;22:19, 3 Apr 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Srterr.jpg|Srterr.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Made from the GNU map on Wikipedia; SR Territories.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;18:38, 3 Apr 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Tranq.gif|Tranq.gif]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Tranquebar flag from FOIB)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;17:57, 3 Apr 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Swe.gif|Swe.gif]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Sweden Flag)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;17:40, 3 Apr 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Nor.gif|Nor.gif]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(norway flag)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;17:19, 3 Apr 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:EurolinguaSM.jpg|EurolinguaSM.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Linguistic map of Europe)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;22:49, 2 Apr 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Nse.gif|Nse.gif]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(New Sweden from FOIB)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;15:17, 23 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Flag.png|Flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Test flag)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;15:16, 23 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:IMAGE.PNG|IMAGE.PNG]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(test image)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;08:50, 23 Mar 2005 [[User:Nik|Nik]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Xicocu.jpg|Xicocu.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Map of Yamato highlighting Xicocu)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;08:46, 23 Mar 2005 [[User:Nik|Nik]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Quiuxu.jpg|Quiuxu.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Map of Yamato highlighting Quiùxù Region)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;07:40, 21 Mar 2005 [[User:Nik|Nik]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Txugocu.jpg|Txugocu.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Map of Yamato highlighting Txùgocu Region)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;07:19, 21 Mar 2005 [[User:Nik|Nik]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Quinqui.jpg|Quinqui.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Map of Yamato highlighting Quiñqui)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;06:31, 21 Mar 2005 [[User:Nik|Nik]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Txubu.jpg|Txubu.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Map of Yamato highlighting Txubu Region)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;05:49, 21 Mar 2005 [[User:Nik|Nik]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Canto.jpg|Canto.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Map of Yamato highlighting Canto region)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;18:21, 20 Mar 2005 [[User:Nik|Nik]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Hiroxima.jpg|Hiroxima.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Map of Yamato highlighting Hiroxima province within Txùgocu Region)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;18:14, 20 Mar 2005 [[User:Nik|Nik]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Nara.jpg|Nara.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Map of Yamato highlighting Nara province within Quiñqui Region)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;07:22, 19 Mar 2005 [[User:Nik|Nik]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Quioto.jpg|Quioto.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Map of Yamato highlighting Quiòto Province withing Quiñqui Region)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;07:17, 19 Mar 2005 [[User:Nik|Nik]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Cagoxima.jpg|Cagoxima.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Map of Yamato highlighting Cagoxima Province withing Quiùxù Region)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;07:10, 19 Mar 2005 [[User:Nik|Nik]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Aquita.jpg|Aquita.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(A map of Yamato highlighting Aquita province withing Tòhocu Region)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;07:04, 19 Mar 2005 [[User:Nik|Nik]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Aitxi.jpg|Aitxi.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Map of Yamato showing Aitxi province highlighted inside Txùbu Region)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:35, 15 Mar 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Bat.gif|Bat.gif]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(batavian flag from FOIB)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;15:40, 15 Mar 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Nal.gif|Nal.gif]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(the old blue sheet)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;11:30, 15 Mar 2005 [[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Flagru.gif|Flagru.gif]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of the Russian Federation, from FOIB)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;20:14, 14 Mar 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Deflag.gif|Deflag.gif]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(flag of HRE)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;19:54, 14 Mar 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Srflag.gif|Srflag.gif]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(flag from FOIB)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:41, 13 Mar 2005 [[User:Deiniol|Deiniol]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Fanum-small.jpg|Fanum-small.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Gallo-Roman Temple. Public domain AFAIK.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;23:01, 11 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Wmedpol.png|Wmedpol.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Western Mediterranean and Northwestern Africa)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;21:13, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Quito.royal.png|Quito.royal.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Royal Flag of Quito)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;21:12, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Quito.flag.png|Quito.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of Quito)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;21:12, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Popayan.royal.png|Popayan.royal.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Royal Flag of Popayan)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;21:12, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Popayan.flag.png|Popayan.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of Popayan)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;21:11, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Panama.royal.png|Panama.royal.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Royal Flag of Panama)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;21:11, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Panama.flag.png|Panama.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of Panama)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;21:10, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Magdalena.royal.png|Magdalena.royal.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Royal Flag of Magdalena)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;21:10, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Magdalena.flag.png|Magdalena.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of Magdalena)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;21:10, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Cundinamarca.royal.png|Cundinamarca.royal.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Royal Flag of Cundinamarca)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;21:09, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Cundinamarca.flag.png|Cundinamarca.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of Cundinamarca)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;21:08, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Antioquia.royal.png|Antioquia.royal.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Royal Flag of Antioquia)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;21:08, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Antioquia.flag.png|Antioquia.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of Antioquia)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;21:07, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:New_Granada.flag.png|New_Granada.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of the New Kingdom of Granada)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;21:07, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:New_Granada.pendand.png|New_Granada.pendand.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Civil Pendand of the New Kingdom of Granada)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;21:07, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:New_Granada.map.png|New_Granada.map.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Map of the New Kingdom of Granada)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;21:06, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:New_Granada.royal.png|New_Granada.royal.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Royal Flag of the New Kingdom of Granada)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;21:02, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:San_Andres.royal.png|San_Andres.royal.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Royal Flag of San Andres i Mosquitos)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;21:01, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:San_Andres.flag.png|San_Andres.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of San Andres i Mosquitos)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;21:01, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Nicaragua.royal.png|Nicaragua.royal.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Royal Flag of Nicaragua)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;20:58, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Nicaragua.flag.png|Nicaragua.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of Nicaragua)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;20:58, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Honduras.royal.png|Honduras.royal.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Royal Flag of Honduras)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;20:57, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Honduras.flag.png|Honduras.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of Honduras)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;20:57, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Guatemala.royal.png|Guatemala.royal.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Royal Flag of the Guatemala)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;20:57, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Guatemala.flag.png|Guatemala.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of the Guatemala)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;20:56, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Costa_Rica.royal.png|Costa_Rica.royal.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Royal Flag of the Costa Rica)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;20:55, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Costa_Rica.flag.png|Costa_Rica.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of the Costa Rica)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;20:54, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:CCC.pendand.png|CCC.pendand.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Civil Pendand of the Central American Community)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;20:54, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:CCC.royal.png|CCC.royal.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Royal Flag of the Central American Community)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;20:54, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:CCC.flag.png|CCC.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of the Central American Community)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:35, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Two_Sicilies.flag.png|Two_Sicilies.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of the Two Sicilies)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:34, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:San_Marino.flag.png|San_Marino.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of San Marino)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:34, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Portugal.flag.png|Portugal.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of Portugal)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:34, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Papal_States.flag.png|Papal_States.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of the Papal States)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:33, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Malta.flag.png|Malta.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of Malta)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:33, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Italy.flag.png|Italy.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of Italy)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:32, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Andorra.flag.png|Andorra.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of Andorra)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:32, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Aragon.flag.png|Aragon.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of Aragon)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:26, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Castile_(Transitional).flag.png|Castile_(Transitional).flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of the Kingdom of Castilian Spain)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:26, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Castile_(Republic).flag.png|Castile_(Republic).flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of the Republic of Castile)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:25, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Castile_(State).flag.png|Castile_(State).flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of the Castilian State)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:22, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:C_Spain.pendand.png|C_Spain.pendand.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Castilian Spain Civil Pendand)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:21, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:C_Spain.flag.png|C_Spain.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Castilian Spain National Flag)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:21, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Castile-Leon.jack.png|Castile-Leon.jack.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Castile and Leon Navy Jack)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:20, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Castile-Leon.ensign.png|Castile-Leon.ensign.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Castile and Leon Ensign)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:19, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Castile-Leon.flag.png|Castile-Leon.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Castile and Leon Royal Flag)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:15, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:CTerritories.royal.png|CTerritories.royal.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Castilian Territories Royal Flag)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:15, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:CTerritories.flag.png|CTerritories.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Castilian Territories Community Flag)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:14, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Ceuta.royal.png|Ceuta.royal.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Ceuta Royal Flag)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:14, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Ceuta.flag.png|Ceuta.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Ceuta Civil Flag)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:13, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Canary_Islands.royal.png|Canary_Islands.royal.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Canary Islands Royal Flag)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:13, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Canary_Islands.flag.png|Canary_Islands.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Canary Islands National Flag)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:12, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:WSahara.flag.png|WSahara.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Western Sahara National Flag)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:12, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:WSahara.royal.png|WSahara.royal.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Western Sahara Royal Flag)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:08, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Oran.flag.png|Oran.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of Oran)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:07, 10 Mar 2005 [[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Melilla.flag.png|Melilla.flag.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of Melilla)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;03:51, 9 Mar 2005 [[User:Nik|Nik]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Cuxima_map.jpg|Cuxima_map.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Local map of Çuxima province)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;03:22, 5 Mar 2005 [[User:Nik|Nik]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Edo.jpg|Edo.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Map of Japan highlighting Edo within Cantò)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;08:43, 2 Mar 2005 [[User:Nik|Nik]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Tohocu.jpg|Tohocu.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Map of Yamato highlighting Tòhocu)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;08:16, 2 Mar 2005 [[User:Nik|Nik]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Tohocu.jpg|Tohocu.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Map of Japan highlighting Tòhocu-xù)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;07:37, 2 Mar 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:FlagLouisianne.jpg|FlagLouisianne.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Flag of Louisianne)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;06:02, 2 Mar 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:LilleAvenueMethodist.jpg|LilleAvenueMethodist.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(lille avenue Methodist church)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;05:03, 2 Mar 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Golden_Driller_Sm.jpg|Golden_Driller_Sm.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(golden driller)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;18:08, 1 Mar 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Toulouse_skyline_night.jpg|Toulouse_skyline_night.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(night view of toulouse)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;17:48, 1 Mar 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Lille_ave.jpg|Lille_ave.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(lille avenue)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;17:40, 1 Mar 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Boston_ave.jpg|Boston_ave.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Business District, Toulouse)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;17:32, 1 Mar 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Toulouse.jpg|Toulouse.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(map of toulouse)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:50, 27 Feb 2005 [[User:Joe|Joe]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Thu.gif|Thu.gif]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Thuringian Flag)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;16:49, 27 Feb 2005 [[User:Joe|Joe]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Th-civ.gif|Th-civ.gif]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Thuringian Flag (Civil))&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;03:51, 19 Feb 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Space_elevator_structural_diagram.png|Space_elevator_structural_diagram.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(From Wikipedia.org.  Used under the GNU license agreement.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;03:50, 19 Feb 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:240px-Space_elevator_structural_diagram.png|240px-Space_elevator_structural_diagram.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(From Wikipedia.org.  Used under the GNU license agreement.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;17:31, 18 Feb 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Dorris.gif|Dorris.gif]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Dorris SA Logo)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;14:54, 13 Feb 2005 [[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Work_in_progress.png|Work_in_progress.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(From Wikipedia)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;19:45, 11 Feb 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:200px-Harry-truman.jpg|200px-Harry-truman.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(pic of hst)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;19:13, 9 Feb 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Unc-logo.jpg|Unc-logo.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(unc logo.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;17:51, 9 Feb 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Jandb.jpg|Jandb.jpg]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(jandb seal)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;17:49, 9 Feb 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Jandb.png|Jandb.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Joseph and Brigham Graphic)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;17:15, 8 Feb 2005 [[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Wiki.png|Wiki.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(New picture by Marc (with colour))&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;13:32, 8 Feb 2005 [[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Wiki.png|Wiki.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Resized Marc&amp;#39;s picture again! Somehow I can&amp;#39;t get it fit! But, I still like it better than my own picture! :))&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;13:28, 8 Feb 2005 [[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Wiki.png|Wiki.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Uploaded Marc&amp;#39;s version once more. Resized it a little bit to make it fit.Indeed. much better than mine!)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;13:13, 8 Feb 2005 [[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Wiki.png|Wiki.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Marc&amp;#39;s wiki logo; much better than mine!)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;00:50, 8 Feb 2005 [[User:Muke|Muke]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Logo-wiki2.gif|Logo-wiki2.gif]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(A Wiki logo sent to me by Marc Pasquin.  Uploading it here in case it is decided to be used.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;17:12, 7 Feb 2005 [[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Wiki.png|Wiki.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(Slightly modified)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;17:03, 7 Feb 2005 [[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Wiki.png|Wiki.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(New logo)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;05:39, 7 Feb 2005 [[User:Muke|Muke]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Wiki.png|Wiki.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(This logo will be activated shortly.  Afterwards changes to Wiki.png should update automatically.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;03:11, 7 Feb 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Wiki.png|Wiki.png]]&quot;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;03:04, 7 Feb 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Pic_boac_stamp.png|Pic_boac_stamp.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(file for wiki graphic)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;03:02, 7 Feb 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] uploaded &quot;[[:Image:Pic_boac_stamp.png|Pic_boac_stamp.png]]&quot; &lt;em&gt;(file for wiki graphic)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;
</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>IBWiki:Protection log</title>
    <id>3</id>
    <revision>
      <id>11044</id>
      <timestamp>2005-02-07T05:44:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muke</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>protected [[:Image:Wiki.png]]: Wiki.png should be protected, to prevent logo vandalism.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;05:44, 7 Feb 2005 [[User:Muke|Muke]] protected [[:Image:Wiki.png]] &lt;em&gt;(Wiki.png should be protected, to prevent logo vandalism.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>IBWiki:Block log</title>
    <id>4</id>
    <revision>
      <id>11045</id>
      <timestamp>2005-02-06T17:29:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip />
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">This is a log of user blocking and unblocking actions. Automatically
blocked IP addresses are not be listed. See the [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] for
the list of currently operational bans and blocks.</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Main Page</title>
    <id>5</id>
    <revision>
      <id>63878</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-15T18:33:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{| cellspacing=5 width=100%
|align=&quot;left&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefff; padding:8px&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot; width=100%|
&lt;center&gt;[[Penfelyth|Arvorec]] - [[Lla Ffoil Brif|Brithenig]] - [[Portada|Castilian]] - [[Hoofdpagina|Dutch]] - [[Pággina Principalli|Elbic]] - [[HoftSidan|Emisc]] - [[Main Page|English]] -  [[Etusivu|Finnish]] - [[Accueil|Francien]] - [[Inicio|Galician]] - [[Hauptſeite|German]] - [[Main Page in IB English|IB English]] - [[Майн Паж|Oregonian]] - [[Баш Пағѵна|InterTurkic (Cyrillic script)]] - [[Baş Pağına|InterTurkic (Latin script)]] - [[Paenga Caeftaele|Jovian]] - [[Pagina Principau|Montreiano]] - [[Página Principal|Portuguese]] - [[Pirmalapis|Reformed Lithuanian]] - [[Бас Пағына|Qazaq]] - [[Главная страница|Russian]] - [[Головна сторінка|Rusyn]] - [[Hołowna Storinka|Ruthenian]] - [[Vront Page|Sowthron]] - [[Pažna Přečipaľa|Šležan]] - [[Huvudsidan|Swenska]] - [[Pażna Przęczypała|Wenedyk]] - [[Facina Fraihip|Xliponian]]&lt;/center&gt;
|-
|align=&quot;left&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffffee; padding:8px&quot; colspan=&quot;3&quot; width=70%|

&lt;center&gt;'''{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}, {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}, {{CURRENTTIME}}'''&lt;/center&gt;

For over ten years, Ill Bethisad has been a collaborative effort in shared-universe building.  Part alt-history, part conculture, '''Ill Bethisad''' is an alternate timeline created by a dedicated group of [[The List|conculturists]]. If you are unfamiliar with it, please have a look at this [[Ill Bethisad|short description]] or, better yet, visit [http://www.bethisad.com/ IB's homepage].

This is the '''Ill Bethisad Wiki''':  it is a constantly growing, ever more detailed perspective of the alternate timeline Earth created by [[User:AndrewSmith|Andrew Smith]]. Ill Bethisad [[The List|Members]] should feel free to make of this resource what they will. Guests are invited to comment. If you're not a member, but are interested in contributing, first please go [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/conculture/ here] to the Conculture list, introduce yourself to the group, take a look at the links page, IB's Website and then learn how we function as a group. Then, review your own ideas and introduce them to the group to see how well they fit. At this point in time, the sort of idea that can fit within the framework of IB seems increasingly limited due to the great amount of work that has been done at understanding how this '''alternate timeline''' functions, but proposals are welcome nonetheless.

As of right now, we have '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' articles!

If you are unfamiliar with wikis in general, visit [[Help:How does one start a page]] and [[Help:Editing]]. A full list of help topics is at [[Help:Contents]].

|align=&quot;left&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;background:#eeffee; padding:8px&quot; rowspan=&quot;5&quot; width=30% |
&lt;div align=center&gt;'''[[:Category:Main|Categories:]]'''&lt;/div&gt;
{{categories}}
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffffee; padding:0px&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot; colspan=&quot;3&quot;|
'''Main sections of the Ill Bethisad Wiki:'''
|-
|align=&quot;left&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffffee; padding:0px&quot; width=&quot;22%&quot;|
* [[Culture]]
* [[Famous Persons Page| People]]
* [[Government Types]]
* [[History| Historical Reference Section]]
|align=&quot;left&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffffee; padding:0px&quot; width=&quot;26%&quot;|
* [[IB Languages| Languages]]
* [[Ill Bethisad Militaries| Militaries]]
* [[Nations of Ill Bethisad]]
* [[Non-Governmental Organizations]]
|align=&quot;left&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffffee; padding:0px&quot; width=&quot;22%&quot;|
* [[Supranational Organizations]]
* [[IB Religion| Religions]]
* [[Ill Bethisad Technology| Technologies]]
* All [[News]] fit to print!
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffffee; padding:0px&quot; colspan=&quot;3&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;|
[[Links page]]: Links to resources on Ill Bethisad on Internet.
&lt;br&gt;[[Abbreviations page]]: Abbreviations frequently used in Ill Bethisad.
&lt;br&gt;[[Archives]]: mathomhouse for old, discarded Wiki stuff.

|-
|align=&quot;left&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffffee; padding:8px&quot; colspan=&quot;3&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;|
'''Note to editors''':  This Wiki may be used in several different contexts: making Proposals or Suggestions, asking Questions, and the storage of such [[QSS|Fact]] as are not kept on the various IB related webpages, which constitute the primary source material.  If you're making a proposal and you want something to be read as a proposal, not 100% factual, please add the text '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{proposal}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' to the top of the page.  For denoting source material, do the same, replacing '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{proposal}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' with '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{source}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''. See [[IBWiki:Templates]] for more info.
&lt;br&gt;We ask that all members of [[the List]] make a regular pass over the '''[[:Category:Proposal|Proposal]]''' page to voice their opinion of pending submissions.

'''Notice''': The contents of these pages are copyright (C) by the creators of these pages. They may reserve all rights individually or jointly.

'''Notice''': The contents of these pages are a work of fiction. The places, characters, incidents and dialogues are products of the authors' imaginations. Any resemblance to actual places, persons (living or dead) or events is entirely coincidental. Unless it should amuse us so to do, in which case no insult is intended.
|}

{| cellspacing=5 width=100%
|align=&quot;left&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffdfdf; padding:8px&quot; colspan=&quot;3&quot; width=100%|
&lt;center&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&quot;Oh my gosh, they open-sourced history!&quot;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/big&gt; -- Damian Yerrick&lt;/center&gt;
|}

&lt;!-- Begin Webring Code --&gt;
{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefff;&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Image:ibwebring.gif]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | &lt;font size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt; This website is part of the [http://hobbit.griffler.co.nz/ Ill Bethisad] Webring.&lt;br&gt;
To learn more about our group, please visit:&lt;br&gt;
[http://www.bethisad.com The Ill Bethisad Main Page]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/font&gt;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| [http://alt-webring.com/cgi-bin/prev.pl?ringid=199707;siteid=ibwiki Previous]
| [http://alt-webring.com/cgi-bin/next.pl?ringid=199707;siteid=ibwiki Next]
| [http://alt-webring.com/cgi-bin/rand.pl?ringid=199707;siteid=ibwiki Random]
| [http://alt-webring.com/cgi-bin/list.pl?ringid=199707;siteid=ibwiki List]
| [http://alt-webring.com/cgi-bin/home.pl?ringid=199707;siteid=ibwiki Home/Join]
|}
&lt;!-- End of Webring code --&gt;

[[Category:Main]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Monobook.css</title>
    <id>8</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27328</id>
      <timestamp>2006-01-11T18:11:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muke</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>import common.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">/* edit this file to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */

@import url(&quot;/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&amp;action=raw&amp;ctype=text/css&quot;);</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Monobook.js</title>
    <id>9</id>
    <revision>
      <id>11050</id>
      <timestamp>2005-06-02T18:17:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">/* tooltips and access keys */
ta = new Object();
ta['pt-userpage'] = new Array('.','My user page');
ta['pt-anonuserpage'] = new Array('.','The user page for the ip you\'re editing as');
ta['pt-mytalk'] = new Array('n','My talk page');
ta['pt-anontalk'] = new Array('n','Discussion about edits from this ip address');
ta['pt-preferences'] = new Array('','My preferences');
ta['pt-watchlist'] = new Array('l','The list of pages you\'re monitoring for changes.');
ta['pt-mycontris'] = new Array('y','List of my contributions');
ta['pt-login'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.');
ta['pt-anonlogin'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.');
ta['pt-logout'] = new Array('o','Log out');
ta['ca-talk'] = new Array('t','Discussion about the content page');
ta['ca-edit'] = new Array('e','You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving.');
ta['ca-addsection'] = new Array('+','Add a comment to this discussion.');
ta['ca-viewsource'] = new Array('e','This page is protected. You can view its source.');
ta['ca-history'] = new Array('h','Past versions of this page.');
ta['ca-protect'] = new Array('=','Protect this page');
ta['ca-delete'] = new Array('d','Delete this page');
ta['ca-undelete'] = new Array('d','Restore the edits done to this page before it was deleted');
ta['ca-move'] = new Array('m','Move this page');
ta['ca-nomove'] = new Array('','You don\'t have the permissions to move this page');
ta['ca-watch'] = new Array('w','Add this page to your watchlist');
ta['ca-unwatch'] = new Array('w','Remove this page from your watchlist');
ta['search'] = new Array('f','Search this wiki');
ta['p-logo'] = new Array('','Main Page');
ta['n-mainpage'] = new Array('z','Visit the Main Page');
ta['n-portal'] = new Array('','The Pub');
ta['n-currentevents'] = new Array('','An explanation of the mechanisms that make IB work');
ta['n-recentchanges'] = new Array('r','The list of recent changes in the wiki.');
ta['n-randompage'] = new Array('x','Load a random page');
ta['n-help'] = new Array('','The place to find out.');
ta['n-sitesupport'] = new Array('','Support us');
ta['t-whatlinkshere'] = new Array('j','List of all wiki pages that link here');
ta['t-recentchangeslinked'] = new Array('k','Recent changes in pages linked from this page');
ta['feed-rss'] = new Array('','RSS feed for this page');
ta['feed-atom'] = new Array('','Atom feed for this page');
ta['t-contributions'] = new Array('','View the list of contributions of this user');
ta['t-emailuser'] = new Array('','Send a mail to this user');
ta['t-upload'] = new Array('u','Upload images or media files');
ta['t-specialpages'] = new Array('q','List of all special pages');
ta['ca-nstab-main'] = new Array('c','View the content page');
ta['ca-nstab-user'] = new Array('c','View the user page');
ta['ca-nstab-media'] = new Array('c','View the media page');
ta['ca-nstab-special'] = new Array('','This is a special page, you can\'t edit the page itself.');
ta['ca-nstab-wp'] = new Array('a','View the project page');
ta['ca-nstab-image'] = new Array('c','View the image page');
ta['ca-nstab-mediawiki'] = new Array('c','View the system message');
ta['ca-nstab-template'] = new Array('c','View the template');
ta['ca-nstab-help'] = new Array('c','View the help page');
ta['ca-nstab-category'] = new Array('c','View the category page');</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Aboutpage</title>
    <id>11</id>
    <revision>
      <id>11052</id>
      <timestamp>2005-02-22T07:06:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Ill Bethisad</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Aboutwikipedia</title>
    <id>12</id>
    <revision>
      <id>11053</id>
      <timestamp>2005-02-13T15:57:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">About Ill Bethisad</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Copyrightwarning</title>
    <id>112</id>
    <revision>
      <id>11153</id>
      <timestamp>2005-06-02T12:03:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rewritten</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- Please note that all contributions to {{SITENAME}} are
considered to be released under the GNU Free Documentation License
(see $1 for details). --&gt;
'''Attention: your changes will be visible immediately'''
*You are kindly invited to contribute to our project and/or to discuss it with us. However, if you are not a member of the [[Ill Bethisad]] project, please make sure you have introduced yourself in '''[[Lla Dafern]]''' first.
*Please make sure that you are logged in before changing the content of this wiki. If you do not have a login name yet, [[Special:Userlogin|'''this''']] is where you can get one for free.
*Spam and other kinds of vandalism will be recognised quickly and will probably lead to you being blocked from editing. For testing or exercising your skills, please use the '''[[the Sandbox|Sandbox]]'''.
*All your contributions will be considered the common property of the Ill Bethisad project as a whole.
*If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, then better publish it on a website instead.
&lt;strong&gt;DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION!&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Currentevents</title>
    <id>118</id>
    <revision>
      <id>11159</id>
      <timestamp>2005-06-02T18:11:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">How It All Works</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Disclaimers</title>
    <id>149</id>
    <revision>
      <id>11190</id>
      <timestamp>2005-02-13T15:55:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Disclaimer</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Portal</title>
    <id>447</id>
    <revision>
      <id>11488</id>
      <timestamp>2005-02-20T07:53:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Lla Dafern</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Portal-url</title>
    <id>448</id>
    <revision>
      <id>11489</id>
      <timestamp>2005-02-22T06:52:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Lla Dafern</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Sitenotice</title>
    <id>572</id>
    <revision>
      <id>15316</id>
      <timestamp>2005-10-08T17:39:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muke</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>upgrade done</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">-</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Sitesupport</title>
    <id>576</id>
    <revision>
      <id>11617</id>
      <timestamp>2005-04-19T15:40:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muke</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Donations</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Donations</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:BoArthur</title>
    <id>729</id>
    <revision>
      <id>61649</id>
      <timestamp>2009-08-26T19:18:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* To Do List */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=Daniel Hicken}}
{{generic infobox|title=Name in [[Brithenig]]|value=Deiniol Carthoreffig}}
{{generic infobox|title=Name in [[Francien]]|value=Daniel Saint-Julien}}
{{generic infobox|title=Name in [[Wenedyk]]|value=Daniół Siątiy-Julan}}
{{generic infobox|title=Nicknames &amp; aliases|value=BoArthur, BoLingua, Cartographicus}}
{{imagelink infobox|url=http://www.geocities.com/bo_arthur/dhwed.jpg|caption=}}
{{birth infobox|date=April 13, 1978|place=[[Wikipedia:Rexburg, Idaho|Rexburg]], [[Oregon]]}}
{{generic infobox|title=Place of residence|value=[[Wikipedia:Provo, Utah|Provo]], [[Deseret]]}}
{{generic infobox|title=Profession|value=Student}}
{{generic infobox|title=Natural languages|value=(''in order of proficiency'')&lt;br&gt;[[Wikipedia:English language|English]], [[Wikipedia:French language|French]], [[Wikipedia:Swedish language|Swedish]], [[Wikipedia:German language|German]], [[Wikipedia:Spanish language|Spanish]],  [[Wikipedia:Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Wikipedia:Russian language|Russian]]}}
{{generic infobox|title=Constructed languages|value=[[Biloxien]], [[Vissi]]}}
{{generic infobox|title=Times Vandalized|value=3}}
{{generic infobox|title=Interests|value=&lt;br&gt;[[Wikipedia:Techno music|Techno]], [[Wikipedia:House music|House]], [[Wikipedia:Electronica|Electronica]],  [[Wikipedia:European classical music|Classical Music]], [[Wikipedia:Language|languages]], [[Conlangcity:|constructed languages]]}}, [[Wikipedia:History|history]], [[AltHist:Alternate history|alternate history]], [[Wikipedia:Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|LDS Religion]].
{{imagelink infobox|url=http://www.geocities.com/bo_arthur/2005_nanowrimo_winner_small.gif|caption=}}
{{close infobox}}
[[Image:Rosette.jpg|left|Anti-Spam League Rosette.]]
 
Number [[The List|29]] on the list, resident of [[Deseret]], citizen of [[Louisianne]].  Commonly known as Daniel Hicken, sometimes referred to as Cartographicus. Iluminatus: watching over the integrity of the All, maintaining the &lt;i&gt;shi&lt;/i&gt; of Ill Bethisad, tweaking the yin and yang. Lord of Instrumentality, Overseer of [[Louisianne]], [[Deseret]], [[Yemen]], [[Hayti]], [[Azores]], [[ATOE]], [[Nam Viet]], and all things Cartographical, and Regent of the Unclaimed Regions of the Middle East.  Recently named the Plenipotentiary and ''chargé d'affaires'' of the Waddeneilanden in the [[Batavian Kingdom]].  BoArthur is the Co-Regent of [[France]] with [[User:Marc pasquin|Marc Pasquin]].

http://www.geocities.com/bo_arthur/ib.html
Member of the [[Anti-Spam League]], Latinate Cleanser of Ibid, Stasher of the Knowledge and Keeper of the Sanity. Knight of the It'sian Garter.

Savior of the Wiki, with his side kick, [[User:Nik|Nik]].

His friends call him &quot;Dan&quot;, but to those who fear him, he is known as '''''The Categorizer''''', and is feared by lazy wikipedians the web-over.
== Interests ==

*[[Louisianne]] (and all related topics)
*[[France]] (with [[User:Marc pasquin|Marc Pasquin]])
*[[Deseret]]
*[[Yemen]]
*[[Hayti]]
*[[Azores]]
*[[ATOE]]
*[[Nam Viet]]
*[[Space Voyage 2245]]
*[[Colonia Solaris]]
*[[Lodz]]
*[[Frisian Islands Project]]

== To Do List ==

&lt;!--Finish my Obsessive-Compulsive organization of the pages by category '''DONE'''.

...and then whatever catches my fancy....

*'''''GET THE TELE-LA NEWS PAGE ONLINE''''' --&gt;


* '''[[Guy Mollet|Create an article]]''' about '''[[Wikipedia:Guy_Mollet|Guy Mollet]]'''
* '''[[Liederkranz cheese]]'''
*'''[[Affaire des Tramways]]''', [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors_streetcar_conspiracy], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Railway], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Electric_Railway], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_City_Lines]
*&lt;s&gt;'''[[Runestones (North America)]]'''using [[Wikipedia:Heavener_Runestone]] and [[Wikipedia:Rune_stones#American_rune_stones]]&lt;/s&gt;
*'''[[GIGN (Louisianne)]]'''
*'''[[Italy]] MAP NEEDED'''
*'''True location of [[Nea Illenicia]]'''
*'''[[1755 War]]'''
*&lt;s&gt;ASDUI keyboard diagram.&lt;/s&gt;
*&lt;s&gt;'''[[Dangel Hickstra]]'''&lt;/s&gt;
*&lt;s&gt;'''[[1994]]'''&lt;/s&gt;
*'''[[Aryanica]]'''
*&lt;s&gt;'''[[Seoirse Fferreir]]'''&lt;/s&gt;
*'''[[Dreyfus Affair]]'''
*'''[[Alan Turing]]''' from [[Wikipedia:Alan Turing|Alan Turing]]
*'''[[Erwin Schrödinger]]''' from [[Wikipedia:Erwin Schrödinger|Erwin Schrödinger]]


*Create a Louisiannan Police Force Description Page.
*Work up [[Charles Maurras]]
*&lt;s&gt;Adjust [[Lusoamerican Union]] Geography section.&lt;/s&gt;
*Update European Historical Maps (Aragon, Saugeais, Fenwick)
* Update Louisianne and related to news articles that have been posted!
* Créer une Louisiannan Amerindian Map comme [http://www.tngenweb.org/maps/eastribe.jpg celle-ci]
:: If you want better maps, I can find them for you (east and west US). --[[User:Sikulu|Sikulu]] 01:32, 14 February 2006 (PST)
* Update France Maps per newly discovered info from Christophe.
* Update information on [[Brehun|Bretagne]] and [[André Bullant]]
* Update Out-of-Dates map on my geocities page to stem Xliponian lawsuits.
*[[Louisianne_Government#Louisiannan_Election_Process|Louisiannan Election Process]]
* Write [[CNEL]] and [[Bureau Météorologique National|BMN]] Articles.
* Finish organizing, ''discovering'' [[First Presidents of Louisianne]].
* FloCar Hist Maps
&lt;!--*'''&lt;s&gt;[[Viticulture of Louisianne]]'''&lt;/s&gt;
* '''&lt;s&gt;[[Marie Landrieu|Create an article]]''' about '''[[Wikipedia:Mary Landrieu|Mary Landrieu]]&lt;/s&gt;
* '''&lt;s&gt;[[Nikolay Yakovlevich Danilevsky|Create an article]]''' about '''[[Wikipedia:Nikolay Yakovlevich Danilevsky|Nikolay Yakovlevich Danilevsky]]''' as a predecessor, or even a father of [[SNOR]]&lt;/s&gt;
*'''&lt;s&gt;[[Êtres-Vivants]]&lt;/s&gt;'''
*&lt;s&gt;'''[[Jacques Philippe Roi de Villère]]'''&lt;/s&gt;
*Maybe organizing [[Louisianne|LA]] finally?
**Add Gregorian equivalents '''DONE'''
* Edit [[Emma Hale Smith]]
* Complete [[First Great War]]
**Get necessary info from Ferko to get rolling again.
* Complete [[Second Great War]]
* Flesh out [[RepubliComm]]
* Edit up [[Itzak Azimov]]
* Edit up [[Joseph Smith]]
*'''&lt;s&gt;[[Banco Nacional de Tejas]]&lt;/s&gt;'''
*'''&lt;s&gt;[[AmeriGroup]]&lt;/s&gt;'''
*'''Fix [[Italy]] and its subnationals'''
--&gt;

==My Contributions &amp; Collaborations==

These are items I've created, added to, or maintain a watchful eye on because they simply interest me.  

{|align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 75%;&quot;
|-
|● [[ABBA]] ● [[Action Francaise]] ● [[Alec Lloneir]] ● [[Algeria]] ● [[Amelie-Marie Earhart]] ● [[André Bullant]] ● [[Anti-Spam League]] ● [[Apex Productions]] ● [[Aquanishuonigy]] ● [[Artvir Klaric]] ● [[ATOE]] ● [[Austrian Anschluss and the Helvetian Takeover]] ● [[Azores]] ● [[BCFCB Classification System]] ● [[Berthold Rutan]] ● [[Biloxien]] ● [[Bradford Edouard]] ● [[Brehun|Bretagne]] ●  [[Brigham Young]] ● [[Caribbean League]] ● [[CFL]] ● [[The College of Joseph and Brigham]] ● [[CCTV]] ● [[Computers#Keyboards|Computers]] ● [[Colonia Solaris]] ● [[Jean-Michel Darguence]] ● [[Deseret]] ● [[Djunitxirò Cuizumi]] ● [[Dhu Nuwas]] ● [[Dorris Motorworks]] ● [[The Eagle and the Sun]] ● [[Epsilon Kappa Iota]] ● [[Eugenio Roddenberry]] ● [[Ecotopism]] ● [[:Category:France|France]] (and all related topics) ● [[Frisian Islands Project]] ● [[Harvard University]] ● [[Dangel Hickstra]] ● [[:Category:Hayti|Hayti]] (and all related topics) ● [[Marsdieperwaard]] ●  [[Ho Chi Minh]] ● [[:Category:Holy Roman Empire|Holy Roman Empire]] (and all related topics) ● [[Hutterite]] ● [[IBAP]] ● [[Ill Peleirin]] ● [[Interpol]] ● [[Jorge Bush]] ● [[Kaiser Wilhelm II]] ● [[Karel Capek]] ● [[Kolchek's Universal Kawars]] ● [[Les Plaines]] ● [[Lodz]] ● [[:Category:Louisianne|Louisianne]] (and all related topics) ● [[Lufthansa]] ● [[Maghreb]] ● [[Mariner]] ● [[Miçubixi Aeronautics]] ● [[Mormon Tabernacle Choir]] ● [[:Category:Mormonism|Mormonism]] (and all related topics) ● [[Nam Viet]] ● [[Nea Illenicia]] ● [[Neumann János]] ● [[Nikola Tesla]] ● [[Novo Arkhangelsk]] ● [[Outpost Space Seed]] ● [[Porfiri Bogolyubov]] ● [[Prince of Louisianne|Princes of Louisianne]] ● [[Regiment of Peace]] ● [[RepubliComm]] ● [[Ribeira Affair]] ● [[Ricardo Montalban]] ● [[Roman History]] ● [[Rolls-Royce Limited]] ● [[Sava Kosanesku]] ● [[Seoirse Fferreir]] ● [[Space elevator]] ● [[Space Technology]] ● [[:Category:SV2245|Space Voyage 2245]] (and all related topics) ● [[Star Wanderers]] ● [[Sweden]] ● [[TGV]] ● [[Toulouse]] ● [[Tesla-Westinghouse]] ● [[Tesla Generators]] ● [[Teutonic Order]] ● [[University of Lodz]] ● [[University of New Cornwall]] ● [[Venedair S.A.]] ●  [[Vissi]] ● [[Vitali Zeleznev]] ● [[Wa-zha-zhe]] ● [[Weekly World News]] ● [[Yemen]] ● [[Zarahemla]] ● [[Żowan Sasomętany]] ● [[1755 War]] ● [[1828 War]] ● [[1994]] ●
|}

===NOTES===
&lt;!--
Party 	2007
RL 	164
LDP 	87
LN 	65
PEco 	57
AF 	- 
CR 	7
DL 	3
FN 	23
PP 	26
PRL 	2
VPL 	2
LCR 	11
LMC 	2
	449
--&gt;


[[Category:Louisianne]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>IBWiki:The Sandbox</title>
    <id>731</id>
    <revision>
      <id>55265</id>
      <timestamp>2008-10-26T13:21:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Geoff</username>
        <id>193</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>test of template mod</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[Category:Main]]
Welcome to the Sandbox.  Try out editing here.
---

শ্রীরামপুর

Testing Devanagari:

&amp;#2325;&amp;#2366;&amp;#2350;&amp;#2307;

Why can't I place images on the site? This is what Carlos did:

http://chlewey.org/ib/af/cl/ao).bflag.png

And this is what I do:
http://www.geocities.com/wenedyk/ib/turkestan_map.png

??? Can somebody tell me the difference ???

Bandersnatch: I guess it's something about the geocities server. There where similar problems with the flag of [[Republic Of The Two Crowns|RTC]]. I placed the flag on an other server and now it works.

=== Visjes ===

Dit gaat over visjes.

=== Vogeltjes ===

Dit daarentegen gaat over vogeltjes.]
=== Bloemetjes ===

Hieraan heb ik niets toe te voegen.

=== Bijtjes ===

En hieraan evenmin.

Testing Russian text:  Pocc&amp;#1080;&amp;#1081;c&amp;#1082;a&amp;#1103; &amp;#1060;e&amp;#1076;epa&amp;#1094;&amp;#1080;&amp;#1103;

General question: is it possible to make tables in the Wiki?

Yes, it is now.

Testing Ladino varika...

with rafei:
&amp;#x5D1;&amp;#x5BF;&amp;#x5D2;&amp;#x5BF;&amp;#x5D6;&amp;#x5BF;&amp;#x5E4;&amp;#x5BF;&amp;#x5E6;&amp;#x5BF;&amp;#x5E9;&amp;#x5BF;
 monowidth: &amp;#x5D1;&amp;#x5BF;&amp;#x5D2;&amp;#x5BF;&amp;#x5D6;&amp;#x5BF;&amp;#x5E4;&amp;#x5BF;&amp;#x5E6;&amp;#x5BF;&amp;#x5E9;&amp;#x5BF;
with true varika:
&amp;#x5D1;&amp;#xFB1E;&amp;#x5D2;&amp;#xFB1E;&amp;#x5D6;&amp;#xFB1E;&amp;#x5E4;&amp;#xFB1E;&amp;#x5E6;&amp;#xFB1E;&amp;#x5E9;&amp;#xFB1E;
 monowidth: &amp;#x5D1;&amp;#xFB1E;&amp;#x5D2;&amp;#xFB1E;&amp;#x5D6;&amp;#xFB1E;&amp;#x5E4;&amp;#xFB1E;&amp;#x5E6;&amp;#xFB1E;&amp;#x5E9;&amp;#xFB1E;
with true varika, preposed:
&amp;#xFB1E;&amp;#x5D1;&amp;#xFB1E;&amp;#x5D2;&amp;#xFB1E;&amp;#x5D6;&amp;#xFB1E;&amp;#x5E4;&amp;#xFB1E;&amp;#x5E6;&amp;#xFB1E;&amp;#x5E9;
 monowidth: &amp;#xFB1E;&amp;#x5D1;&amp;#xFB1E;&amp;#x5D2;&amp;#xFB1E;&amp;#x5D6;&amp;#xFB1E;&amp;#x5E4;&amp;#xFB1E;&amp;#x5E6;&amp;#xFB1E;&amp;#x5E9;
with combining breve, preposed:
&amp;#x306;&amp;#x5D1;&amp;#x306;&amp;#x5D2;&amp;#x306;&amp;#x306;&amp;#x5D6;&amp;#x306;&amp;#x5E4;&amp;#x306;&amp;#x5E6;&amp;#x306;&amp;#x5E9;
 monowidth: &amp;#x306;&amp;#x5D1;&amp;#x306;&amp;#x5D2;&amp;#x306;&amp;#x306;&amp;#x5D6;&amp;#x306;&amp;#x5E4;&amp;#x306;&amp;#x5E6;&amp;#x306;&amp;#x5E9;

----
:Year {{year|y=1972}}
:Category {{category|Main}}

[[Timeline#{{{y}}}|{{{y}}}]].
{{CURRENTVERSION}}

== Proposal tags ==

It's a bit late, but I finally got this working. If you simply type '''&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{proposal}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;''', you get this:

{{proposal}}

But if you type '''&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{proposal|date=July 7, 2006}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;''', you get this:

{{proposal|date=July 7, 2006}}

It is not likely that we will ever be using the proposal template again, but the same mechanism can also be applied on other template, so that we will finally be free of this &quot;convential short name&quot; kind of things if there are none. &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 08:08, 28 June 2006 (PDT)

[[Gun Companies in IB]]

Why do infoboxes not seem to work for me?

I type &lt;nowiki&gt; {{independence infobox|from=RULING NATION|dec_date=DATE OF DECLARATION|rec_date=DATE OF RECOGNITION}}
&lt;/nowiki&gt;

This is what I get:
{{independence infobox|from=RULING NATION|dec_date=DATE OF DECLARATION|rec_date=DATE OF RECOGNITION}}

:I think that you need the header for the infobox; I would suggest that you look at the other pages that link to the independence infobox, so you can better see how to link them with other content. [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 15:42, 5 July 2008 (UTC)

==Test template modification==
{| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0 2em 0 2em;&quot; align=center
!
{| style=&quot;background:#ccccff&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; 
| padding=&quot;5px&quot;| [[Image:Turkestan_flag.PNG|50px|Flag of Turkestan]]
| style=&quot;background:#ccccff&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; | &lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Primary Divisions of [[Turkestan]]'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
| padding=&quot;5px&quot;| [[Image:Turkestan_flag.PNG|50px|Flag of Turkestan]]
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Provinces'''
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Kirgizstan|Kırğızstan]] | [[Qaraqalpagistan|Qaraqalpağıstan]] | [[Qazaqstan (Turkestan)|(South) Qazaqstan]] | [[Tajikistan]] | [[Turcomanistan|Türkümänistan]] | [[Uzbekistan|Üzbekistan]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Urban Aımaqs'''
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Almalıq | Buxara 
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Image:Kirgizstan.PNG|30px]] [[Image:Qaraqalpagistan.PNG|30px]] [[Image:South_Qazaqstan.PNG|30px]] [[Image:Tajikistan.PNG|30px]] [[Image:Turcomanistan.PNG|30px]] [[Image:Uzbekistan.PNG|30px]] | [[Image:Kirgizstan.PNG|30px]] [[Image:Qaraqalpagistan.PNG|30px]] [[Image:South_Qazaqstan.PNG|30px]] [[Image:Tajikistan.PNG|30px]] [[Image:Turcomanistan.PNG|30px]] [[Image:Uzbekistan.PNG|30px]]
|}</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Culture</title>
    <id>732</id>
    <revision>
      <id>58985</id>
      <timestamp>2009-04-20T07:16:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caeruleancentaur</username>
        <id>197</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>One grammatical correction.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Ill Bethisad isn't just about Wars and discussions on measurement standards and constructed languages. Presumably, the people that inhabit IB like to get out of the house and take in a picture or see a play. Here you can read about various aspects of IB's culture.

This is for cultural items like popular literature, moving pictures and the like - especially when it departs from or plays on *here*'s pop culture.

*[[Alcohol Production in Ill Bethisad|Alcohol]] is as much the social lubricant *there* as *here*.

*[[Corporations|Corporations and Economics]] - not normally thought of as &quot;culture&quot;, perhaps, but these are certainly important parts of everyday life.

*[[movies|Moving Pictures]] provide a great escape from the drudgeries of airshipping over to the [[Germany|Holy Roman Empire]] for a serious business meeting with top [[Baltic League]] and European Federation chiefs; or taking the [[TGV]] out of Embro headed for a holiday in sunny Costa del Sol, hobnobbing with Spanish, Sicilian and Tawantinsuyan royalty.

*[[books|Books]] of excellent caliber are also a popular escape and allow one to draw the pictures in one's own mind.

*[[plays|Plays]] ...

*[[Eurovidere Song Contest]] is a European song and artistic contest...

*[[Music]] ...

*[[Shows]] ...

*[[Television]] does exist in [[Ill Bethisad|IB]], though is not a dominant a world-culture force.

*[[News Agencies]] come in both the responsible and irresponsible types.

*[[Cultural Mentalities]]

*[[Culture Tests]] Every culture has its own assumptions and shared background.  These are a few of them.

*[[Minority cultures]], interesting little concultures that have yet to achieve self-determination

*[[IB Religion|Religions]]  Though not often thought of as 'Culture' in the sense of High-Society, the world's religious systems have greatly affected the cultures of all societies, the world over.

*[[Sports]] ...

*[[Games]]

*[[Playing Cards]]

*[[Calendars|Calendar Systems]]

*[[Folklore]] 
[[Category:Culture]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Corporations</title>
    <id>733</id>
    <revision>
      <id>63450</id>
      <timestamp>2009-12-17T00:46:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pedromoderno</username>
        <id>86</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Motor Industry */ minor correction</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">== Corporations of Ill Bethisad ==
*[[A.P.Moeller-Maersk A/S|A.P.Møller-Mærsk A/S]]
*[[Det Oestasiatiske Compagnie A/S|Det Østasiatiske Compagnie A/S]]

== Communications ==
=== Operators ===
*[[Bayan Telecommunications]] - [[Turkestan|Turkestani]] telecommunications company also involved in broadcasting
*[[Dalmatel SA]]
*[[MATÁV - Magyar Távközlési Rt.]]
*[[RepubliComm]] - [[Louisianne| Louisiannan]] communications company involved in aerospace
*[[Store Nordiske Telegrafselskab A/S]]
*[[Telefonica|Telefónica]]

=== Media ===
*[[Television|Al-Jazarya]], major Arab news broadcaster
*[[American Broadcasting Corporation]], major North American broadcaster
*[[Television|British Broadcasting Corporation]], major British / worldwide broadcaster
*[[Television|Canal Français des Informations Internationales]], major Francophone worldwide broadcaster
*[[Television|Columbian Broadcasting System]], a large North American broadcaster
*[[Egmont-Nordisk|Egmont-Nordisk A/S]]
*[[Television|Lietuvos TV]] (LTV)
*[[Television|Louisianan Broadcasting Company]], a major North American broadcaster
*[[Television|National Broadcasting Corporation]], a large North American broadcaster
*[[Television|Télé-Laurentie]], a broadcaster local to [[New_Francy|New Francy]]
*[[Television|Telewi&amp;#380;e&amp;#324; Wenedka]] (TWW), national TV broadcasting station for [[Veneda]]
*[[VoJo]] (Ja Voc Joeva), [[Jervaine|Jervan]] national broadcasting corporation
*[[Radio|Wenedyk Radio Warsina]] (WRW), national radio station for [[Veneda]]

=== Publishing ===
*[[Bernard_and_Croll|Bernard &amp; Croll]], [[Xliponia|Xliponian]] book publishers
*[[Egmont-Nordisk|Egmont-Nordisk A/S]]
*[[&amp;#321;andysz S.k.Rz.L.]], Dom Jedzitorza&amp;#322;y, [[Warsina]]
*Omnipresse, [[New_Francy|New Francy]]
*St. Perran's University Press, [[Kemr]]
*[[Samarqand Press]], [[Turkestan]]

== Travel &amp; Transportation ==
=== Airlines ===
*[[Aer Lângaeth]], [[Armorica|Arvorec]] national airline.
*[[Aerolt]]
*[[Air Louisianne]]
*Air Intendance, [[New_Francy|New Francy]]
*[[Alae Joevae]], [[Jervaine|Jervan]] national airlines
*[[Aviarca]], Aerovías Reales de Castilla
*[[BAT]], Bulgarski Aero Transport
*[[Bayluft|VEB Bayrische Luftreederei]]
*[[BOAC]], British Overseas Airways Corporation
*[[Bovair]], the national airline of [[Xliponia]]
*[[ChZ]], Chrvátska Zrákoplovba d.d.
*[[Dalmavia SA]]
*[[Havalik Uyguristan]]
*[[Lufthansa]]
*Mærsk Luftfart, part of [[A.P.Møller-Mærsk A/S]]
*[[RLH]], Royal Hannover Airline
*[[SKAdd|Srpska Kraljevska Aeroplovidba d.d.]]
*[[Skandinavisk Luftfart A/S]]
*[[Türkistan Hava Yolları]]
*[[Venedair S.A.]]
*[[Žemaitijos Oro Bendrovė]]

=== Aerospace ===
*[[CNEL]] - Space agency of [[Louisianne]], see also: [[ATOE]]

=== Railways ===
*[[Audraele Traenaerun]], Jervan national railways
*Baltimore and Aquonishuonigy Railway ([[NAL-SLC|NAL]])
*[[BayStsEB|VEB Bayrische Staatseisenbahn (BayStsEB)]]
*[[BD|Biafiaruri da Dalmatia]]
*[[BDZh|Bulgarski Durzhavni Zheleznitsi]]
*Central &amp; New Orleans Railroad ([[NAL-SLC|NAL]])
*[[CFL|Chemin de Fer Louisiannais]]
*[[CFM|Caile Ferate Munteniane]]
*[[CFO|Caile Ferate Olteniane]]
*[[ChZ|Chrvátske Žel&amp;#283;znice]]
*[[Ferrocarriu Paçifico Austrau]]
*[[Ferrovias Castellanas|Ferrovías Castellanas]]
*[[HSH|Hekurudha e Shqiperisë]]
*[[MAV|Magyar Államvasútak]]
*[[NAPaRC|North American Passenger Rail Corporation]] -- NAPaRC in the [[NAL-SLC]]
*New Castreleon Ontario and Western Railway ([[NAL-SLC|NAL]])
*[[OSE|Organismos Sidirodromon Ellados]]
*Pennsylvaania Railroad ([[NAL-SLC|NAL]])
*Potomack &amp; Southern Railway
*P &amp; C Rwy.
*Sistem Fferweir di Ter Mair -- provincial passenger rail system in [[Ter Mair]]
*Southern Railroad ([[NAL-SLC|NAL]])
*[[SKZ|Srpske Kraljevske Železnice]]
*[[SZ|Sandžaèke Železnice]]
*[[Turkestan Rail Network]]
*Virginia &amp; Atlantic Railroad

=== Shipping Lines ===
*[[BOL|Bulgarski Otseanichni Linii]]
*[[Chernomor-Soyuz]]
*[[Cnagan-Tarsis]] (Judean shipping line)
*[[CNM|Compania de Naviga&amp;#x0163;ie Maritim&amp;#x0103;]] (Muntenia)
*[[Covenant Transport]]
*[[Dalmlines]]
*[[Flota Mercante Centroamericana]]
*[[Jadroplov]], Jádranska Plovba d.d.
*Mærsk Søland, part of [[A.P.Møller-Mærsk A/S]]
*[[SNNMM|Societatea Na&amp;#x0163;ional&amp;#x0103; de Naviga&amp;#x0163;ie Maritim&amp;#x0103; Moldoveana&quot; (National Moldovan Society of Maritime Navigation)]]
*[[SKPP|Srpska Kraljevska Prekookeanska Plovidba d.d.]]
*[[Transmedirerranea]]
*Ø.C.Rederi, part of [[Det Østasiatiske Compagnie A/S]]

=== [[Ecotourism]] Firms ===
*Cambro-Arctic Eco Trust
*[[Canals National Park Trust]] ([[NAL-SLC]])
*Coast of New Cornwall Eco Ltd.
*Nieuw Zaandam Ecotours LLC
*Pensang Antarctic Tours Ltd.
*Silk Road Ecotours, [[Turkestan]]

== Food and Beverages ==
=== Breweries ===
*[[Aoun Brewery]] (Αούν Ζυθοποιείο), brewers of beer in the Monastic Republic
*Artic Brewers, makers of [[Xliponia#Some_Important_Companies|Artic Beer]]
*[[Bavaria S.A.]]
*[[Brasserie Bavaroise, S.A.]]
*[[Brurija Pixadur]], leading [[Jervaine|Jervan]] beer brewery.
*[[SATEC]], the [[Jervaine|Jervan]] High-Royal Tea and Coffee Company, sells various hot beverage products and maintains a chain of franchised cafés.
*[[Siarra Nevà]] popular Montreiano brewer.

=== Distilleries ===
* [[Alcohol of Louisianne#Liquors|Provençemel Distillery]]
* [[Montignac#Renowned Vintages/Brands|Audrixain]]
* [[Montignac#Renowned Vintages/Brands|Grand Cru Baldi]]
* [[Montignac#Renowned Vintages/Brands|Bourbonnais]]
* [[Montignac#Renowned Vintages/Brands|Pétillant de Sameray]]

=== Food ===
*[[Niozul]], [[Jervaine|Jervan]] food corporation with world-wide ties, famous primarily for the invention of instant coffee (Niocafé).
*Ø.C.Matvarer, part of [[Det Østasiatiske Compagnie A/S]]
*[[Parmalat]]
*[[Pizza Queen]], [[NAL]] is a very successful restaurant chain specializing in home delivery.

=== Nutrition ===
*Ø.C.Ernæring, part of [[Det Østasiatiske Compagnie A/S]]

=== Retail ===
*[[Bars Hıpırbazar]], food retail chain in [[Uyguristan]] and [[Turkestan]]
*Mærsk Yfermarked, part of [[A.P.Møller-Mærsk A/S]]

=== Vineyards ===
* [[Viticulture of Louisianne#Bottling|La Colline Rocheuse]], Louisianne

== Industry ==
*[[Burmeister and Wein A/S|Burmeister &amp; Wein A/S]]
*[[Miçubixi|Miçubixi Industries]]
*[[Teslaco]]|Tesla Electric Company - Kompania Elektroniczna &quot;Nikola Tesla&quot;

=== Motor Industry ===
*[[Consolidated Motors Corporation]]
*[[Borgne-Hardi]], [[New_Francy|New Francy]]
*[[Dorris Motorworks]] - based out of [[Louisianne]]
*[[Joshua Abraham Norton|Emperor-Norton Motor Works]] - based in Johannesburg, [[South Africa]]
*[[Kïa Motors]]
*[[Matta|Matta Motors]]
*[[National Motors Corporation]]
*[[NSU|VEB Autowerke NSU]]
*[[Ti Frojta Motorverki]] - Bohemian car manufacturer
*[[Volkswagen]] Hannoverian Automobiles
*[[Volvo A/S]]
*[[Yoltaı Motors]]

=== Aircraft Manufacture ===

==== Airships ====
*Boeing, [[NAL]]
*Ilyushin, [[Russia]]
*[[Wenedyk Hindenburg S.A.]] - airship manufacturer in the [[RTC]]

==== Aeroplanes ====
*Aero - aeroplane manufacturer in [[Bohemia]]
*Dassault-Breguet, [[France]]
*Douglas-Martin Aircraft Company
*Glewan - aeroplane manufacturer in the [[Federated Kingdoms|FK]]
*Ikarus - aeroplane manufacturer in [[Dalmatia]]
*Intendair, [[New Francy]] - a subsidiary of [[Borgne-Hardie]]
*[[LaGG]], [[Russia]]
*Saro, [[Federated Kingdoms|FK]]
*Sokol - aeroplane manufacturer in [[Dalmatia]]
*[[UKU]] - main aeroplane manufacturer of [[Turkestan]]
*[[Yankov]], [[Russia]]

==== Autogiros ====
*Wessex Aviation
*[[Juan de la Xierva|Xierva Autogiro]]

=== Shipbuilding ===
*Fredericia Stålskipsværft, part of [[A.P.Møller-Mærsk A/S]]

=== Toys and Hobbies ===
*[[BTTB|Berliner TT-Bahnen Zeuke GmbH]]
*[[Lego A/S]]
*[[Fleischmann|VEB Fleischmann Modellspielwaren]]

=== Playgrounds ===
*[[COMPAGN A/S]]

== Energy ==
=== Electricity ===
*[[Dalmenergo]]
*Hydro-Intendance, [[New Francy]]
*Toq Cıfır, [[Turkestan#State-Run Companies|Turkestan]]

=== Oil ===
*[[Dalmanaft]], Kompania Petrohemika Dalmateska
*[[MONG]], Mærsk Olie og Naturgas, part of [[A.P.Møller-Mærsk A/S]]
*[[Ortaz Munaı]], Turkestani petroleum company
*[[RECAP]], Real Empresa Castilloamericana de Petroleos
*[[Xliponia#Some_Important_Companies|Xlipetrol]], Xliponian corporation that processes fossil-fuel products

=== Alternative Energies ===
*Dastur Arda Viraf Consortium for Alternative Energy Studies ([[Persia]])

== Service ==
=== Banks ===
*[[AmeriGroup]]
*[[Banc Hoimçal Xliponia]], the Xliponian Royal Bank, responsible for emitting the [[Xlipo]]
*[[Bank Centra&amp;#322;y RDK]] - Central Bank of the [[RTC]]
*[[Banka Baltija]], the largest private bank in [[Latvia]]
*[[Banco Nacional de Tejas]]
*[[Beobanka]], Beogradska Banka d.d.
*[[Credit Louisiannais]], largest bank in [[Louisianne]], subsidiary of AmeriGroup.
*[[Dalmabank]], Bank da Dalmatia SA
*[[Real Banco Espanolo|Real Banco Españôlo]]
*[[Real Banco del Novo Mundo|Real Banco del Nôvo Mundo]]
*[[Turkestan Commercial Bank]], largest private bank in [[Turkestan]]
*[[National Bank of Turkestan]], responsible for issuing the [[Currency of Turkestan|Som]]
*[[UBH|Union Bank of Hannover]], Osnabrück

=== Insurances ===

=== Currencies of the World ===
*[[Currency]] - Various currency systems of IB
*[[Currency of the Commonwealth of Nations]]
*[[Japanese currency]]
*[[L'Argent Louisiannais|Louisianne Money]]

== Philanthropic ==
* Carnegie Institution ([[NAL-SLC]])

[[Category:Culture]]
[[Category:Corporations|*]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>CFL</title>
    <id>734</id>
    <revision>
      <id>58158</id>
      <timestamp>2009-03-09T20:15:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* History */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox_Company |
  company_name   = Chemin de Fer Louisiannais |
  company_logo   = [[Image:Cfl.jpg|100px|CFL Logo]] |
  company_type   = Private company|
  company_slogan = ''Le temps vous appartient.''&lt;br /&gt;Time belongs to You.|
  foundation     = 1870|
  location       = [[Le Caillou]], [[Les Ozarques]], [[Saint-Louis (prefecture)]]|
  key_people     = [[Ghislain Hubert]], CEO &amp; Director|
  num_employees  = 17,000|
  industry       = Railroad|
  products       = Passenger and Freight Transport|
  revenue        = [[Image:green_up.png]]€17 million LE (''an CCXIII'') &lt;br /&gt; (roughly equivalent to fiscal 2005)|
}}

'''Chemin De Fer Louisiannais''' is the state sponsored rail system of [[Louisianne]].  For most of its existence it has remained fully 20 years behind the times, buying older styles of trains from [[France]].  In recent years a dramatic refurbishing of the rail network has been capped-off by the creation of major [[TGV]] lines.  These lines, coupled with increased tourism to Louisianne from the NAL and Oregon, has lead to increased growth of revenue of CFL.  With the settling of hostilities with [[Tejas]] it is expected that rail connections will continue a-pace, and, given time, [[Alta California]] will bring peace to [[Deseret]], and plans for a direct connection toward the west coasts are well developed.

CFL claims proud ownership of some of the longest rail tunnels in North America, created to reach the ski and mining towns growing up in the [[Alpes-Argentés]].

With the new TGV lines in full functionality, CFL is pushing a publicity campaign to help the public understand how much time using the CFL will save them.  An example of this advertisement can be found on the [http://www.geocities.com/bo_arthur/ltb/cfle.html CFL Website].

==History==
Under the leadership [[Joseph Thomas Robespierre]], the various railways of Louisianne were unified under the '''''Chemins de Fer Louisiannais''''' in ''an CXXIX'' (1920).  The railways that were purchased, and in some cases nationalized, were as follows:

* Chemins de Fer des Bayous (Bayou Railways), which covered most of [[Saint-Onge]].
* Chemin de Fer Valle-de-Loire (Loire Valley Railway), covering the ''département'' of [[Loire-Neuf]].
* Chemin de Fer du Centre (Central Railway), covering [[Saint-Louis (prefecture)|Saint Louis]] and some of [[Osage]].
* Chemins de Fer du Nord de la Louisianne (Northern Railways of Louisianna), covering all points North and West of [[Lyons-sur-Mizouri]]

Prior to ''an CXXIX'' (1920) there had been a growing corporatization and conglomeration of railways.  Prior to ''an CIX'' (1900) there were nearly as many local railways within Louisianne as there were days of the year, although some were simply local 20 kilometer rail-lines.

===Introduction of TGV===
On 11 Nivôse, CCXI, (January 1st, 2003) CFL began TGV rail service from Zaraëmla and Lyons-sur-Mizouri to Paris-sur-Mizouri and a second service from Paris-sur-Mizouri to Le Caillou, Baton Rouge, ending in Nouvelle Orléans.  The popular response to these services lead to the enriching of the TGV network to current standards.  Further expansion is planned in the north and west, however this is somewhat hampered due to lack of demand.  

TGV service from Toulouse to Santa Fe in [[Tejas]] is currently under review by the two governments.

==Major Hubs==

[[Image:Louisiannetgv.jpg|thumb|right|Approximation of the TGV ''réseau'' of CFL in Louisianne]]Due to the geographical lay of the country, Louisianne has resulted in a Y-shaped network of high speed rail lines.  CFL operates two non-stop lines to Chicago from Lyons-sur-Mizouri and Saint-Louis.  The Regional hubs of CFL are:

* [[Paris-sur-Mizouri]]
* Brest
* [[Zarahemla|Zaraëmla]]
* [[Saint-Louis]]
* [[New Orleans|Nouvelle Orléans]]
* [[Baton Rouge]]
* [[Toulouse]]
* [[Le Caillou]]
* [[Lyons-sur-Mizouri]]
* Ouatchita
* Pierre


http://www.geocities.com/bo_arthur/ltb/tgv.jpg


[[Category:Corporations]]
[[Category:Louisianne]]
[[Category:Transportation]]
[[Category:Railroads]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dorris Motorworks</title>
    <id>735</id>
    <revision>
      <id>50796</id>
      <timestamp>2008-04-17T23:46:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pedromoderno</username>
        <id>86</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>categorising</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox_Company |
  company_name   = Dorris-Mitçubixi Motorworks |
  company_logo   = [[Image:Dorrismitcubixi.jpg|100px|Dorris-Mitçubixi Motorworks Logo]] |
  company_type   = Public company|
  company_slogan = ''La joie de vivre, c'est conduire''&lt;br /&gt; The Joy of Life is driving|
  foundation     = 1897|
  location       = [[Saint-Louis]], [[Saint-Louis (prefecture)|Saint-Louis]]|
  key_people     = [[Berenger Wolbrook]], CEO &amp; Director|
  num_employees  = 97,264|
  industry       = Automobile Manufacturer, Public Transportation Vehicles|
  products       = Automobiles|
  revenue        = [[Image:green_up.png]]€150 million LE (''an CCXIII'') &lt;br /&gt; (roughly equivalent to fiscal 2005)|
}}

'''Dorris Motorworks''' is the primary automobile manufacturer of Louisianne.  While historically Dorris produced exclusively automobiles, in recent decades the automobile manufacturer has encompassed other products, expanding into the public transportation industry.

==History==
Dorris Motors Company was founded by George Preston Dorris. Born in Nashville, [[Tenisi]], [[NAL-SLC|NAL]], Dorris had built an experimental gasoline car circa 1896-7. He relocated to St. Louis, where he joined with John L. French to found the St. Louis Motor Carriage Company. Dorris served as chief engineer. When French returned to Peoria, [[Illinoise]], Dorris stayed behind, retaining the production facilities and founded the Dorris Motor Car Company.

His first production vehicle had a four-cylinder engine with 101-inch wheel-base, which took the New Amsterdam Automobile show by storm. Over time, Dorris' cars became more powerful, graduating from a four to six-cylinder engine, and increasing nearly 30 inches in the wheelbase. The price tag of these cars was nearly $7,000.

Prior to the [[First Great War]] truck production began. In 1917, the capital stock was expanded $700,000 worth to $1,000,00 to all for expansion of the company.

[[Image:Dorris.gif|75px|thumb|left|Dorris Motorworks until their 2005 merger.]]In 1920, Dorris acquired the Astra Company, a competing St. Louis auto manufacturer, and re-organized as Dorris Motors Corporation. In 1925 rumors abounded that the Dorris, Haynes and Winton companies would merge, but this merger did not come to fruition at that time.  However, in early 1944 Haynes and Winton approached Dorris, who was in hard financial straits and suggested a merger.  Part of Dorris' poor finances were due to its involvment in the [[Affaire des Tramways]].  The companies merged, and continued to grow.  Under the name of Dorris Motorworks (Dorris's name holding out because his company, while much less stable financially was the largest and most notable of the three) the company went on to produce the Astra, Dorris and Haynes car lines.  The Haynes line was phased out following the [[Second Great War]].  Today, every third car in [[Louisianne]] is a Dorris or Astra (or other Motorworks makes).

==Fiscal Outlook==
Astras are known for their competitve use in Road Rallies around the world.  In 2003 Dorris Motorworks began negotations with the [[Japan]]ese government to construct a production facility there to expand their market to Asia.  This deal was later changed in early 2005 into negotiations for the sale of Mitçubixi Motors to Dorris Motorworks.  It is expected that they will use their knowledge of the Astras and the Mitçubixi expertise with motors to make a new, more appealing line of motor cars for the younger 'sports-car' demographic.

As a result of this merger, Dorris Motorworks posted particularly high revenue and profit margins for the 2005 fiscal year.

==New Lines of Vehicles: The Eco-Series==
The Furacano Season of 2005 was particularly detrimental to the oil processing facilities of of North America.  In response to this and growing environmental desires within Louisianne and Japan, Dorris-Mitçubixi Motorworks announce in September of 2007 the creation of a new line of industrial tractor-rigs, the so-called &quot;Tesla Series.&quot;

Working with [[Tesla-Westinghouse]], engineers from Dorris-Mitçubixi have begun developing the prototype vehicles, slated for production in 2012.  These vehicles would incorporate a new engine, capable of using ethanol produced from prairie grasses grown in the north of Louisianne, as well as surplus corn and wine production, to the dismay of some wine-producers in the country.

[[Category:Louisianne]]
[[Category:Corporations]]
[[Category:Automotive industry]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Egmont-Nordisk</title>
    <id>736</id>
    <revision>
      <id>60404</id>
      <timestamp>2009-07-07T16:59:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">== Introduction ==
Egmont-Nordisk A/S is Scandinavia's media giant and the result of the merger between the media group, Egmont A/S, and the world's oldest film company, Nordisk Film A/S. It operates in more than 30 countries around the globe, producing magazines, comics, books, films, and television shows.

== History ==
Egmont started as a small one-man printing business in 1878, when the enterprising Egmont Harald Petersen with a loan from his mother's assets buys a &quot;flyswatter&quot;, a simple hand operated printing machine. By 1892, his company had grown big, and the quality of his prints well known that his was awarded the honourable title of &quot;Printers to the Royal Scandinavian Court&quot;, a distinction still held by the company today.

The investment in high capacity printing machines required a stable flow of new orders. To ensure this Egmont in 1901 acquired the magazine &lt;i&gt;Damernes Blad&lt;/i&gt; and changed its name to &lt;i&gt;Hemet&lt;/i&gt; (&quot;The Home&quot;) with a content focused on travel, fashion, patriotic poetry, and essays. Five years later the circulation exceeded 250,000 and Egmont was ready to expand the activities to more countries. In 1911 &lt;i&gt;Hemet&lt;/i&gt; appeared in the Scandinavian East Indies, 10 years later in the Scandinavian Guinea-West Indies and became, over time, the biggest magazine in the [[Scandinavian Realm]]. Today the group's Scandinavian magazine business encompasses over 67 magazines and weeklies, each week reaching more than 10 Million [[Scandinavian Realm]] citizens.

In 1906, while Egmont was expanding its printing and publishing company, the managing director of the Tivoli amusement park in [[Køpenhavn]], Ole Olsen, founded Nordisk Film A/S in 1906. It too quickly expanded and by the 1920s was producing feature films and documentaries for the international market.

After the [[Second Great War]], Egmont initiated a cooperation with [[Valdemar Ditzenoe|Valdemar Ditzenø]] about comics among other things. In 1949 the first Ditzenø magazine, &lt;i&gt;[[Anders And]] &amp; Co&lt;/i&gt;, appeared. These publications became the basis for developing a broad knowledge about children and young people. Through the 80s and 90s Egmont's publishing rights have been expanded to also include countries in [[Eastern Europe]] and [[Asia]]. Today Egmont develops and publishes over 100 different comics, preschool magazines and books as well as editorially driven youth and teenage magazines in more than 30 countries and cooperates with the world’s leading rights owners.

In 1963, Egmont entered the book market. Today, Egmont holds strong positions in children's book market outside Scandinavia, and is the second largest children's publisher in the [[Federated Kingdoms]]. Egmont publishes books in 30 countries and is one of Europe's leading children's book publishers. In the [[Scandinavian Realm]] itself, Egmont is among the leaders across all publishing areas including textbooks.

As part of the magazine publishing Egmont established an advertising agency to serve the advertising clients of the magazines. This later leads into film commercials and into a strongly growing market for film rights driven by the rapid spread of VCR machines. At the 1992 merger with the world's oldest film company, Nordisk Film, Egmont developed into the biggest private film and TV company.

In 1992 Egmont-Nordisk set up Scandinavia's first commercial television station, [[Fjærrensjuntvå]], with a number of partners.

Today Egmont-Nordisk produces feature films, commercials, and television programming. A large portfolio of film and games rights places Egmont-Nordisk as the leading Scandinavian provider of electronic entertainment. It also owns over half of the movie theatres in the [[Scandinavian Realm]].

[[Category:Corporations]]
[[Category:Television]]
[[Category:Movies]]
[[Category:Books]]
[[Category:Media and Entertainment]]
[[Category:Film Companies]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kïa Motors</title>
    <id>737</id>
    <revision>
      <id>50795</id>
      <timestamp>2008-04-17T23:45:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pedromoderno</username>
        <id>86</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>categorising</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Ki'a''' (起亞), spelled Kïa in much of the Western world, or Quía in Castilian-speaking nations (both based on older non-standard romanizations) is one of the largest auto manufacturers in the [[Japan|Japanese Empire]].  It is based in [[Corea]] and was founded during the Interregnum, in Saisei Gannen (1952).  It quickly expanded into the rest of the Empire after the personal union.  In Saisei 47 (1998), it acquired Hiendai.

[[Category:Corporations]]
[[Category:Japan]]
[[Category:Corea]]
[[Category:Automotive industry]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Miçubixi</title>
    <id>738</id>
    <revision>
      <id>19141</id>
      <timestamp>2005-11-15T01:14:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Miçubixi Heavy Industries''' ((三菱重工業) is one of several companies spun off of the Miçubixi Zaibaçu in Saisei 5 (1956).  Today, they are the largest manufacturer of military equipment for the Japanese military, and also some foreign nations, most recently [[Louisianne]].  Military sales are their largest market.

The Miçubixi Zaibaçu originated as a shipping firm founded in Meidji 3 (1870).  At one time, Miçubixi was a major auto manufacturer in Japan, but Miçubixi Motors has been steadily declining since the 5th decade of the Saisei era (1990's).  MHI is currently in negotiations with [[Dorris Motorworks]] to sell the remaining auto factories, ending Miçubixi Motors as an independent company.  Dorris Motorworks does intend to continue use of the Mitçubixi name, using it to launch a new 'sports-car' line in the next 5 years.

Divisions of Miçubixi Heavy Industries
*Miçubixi Motors
*Miçubixi Atomic Works
*Miçubixi Chemical
*[[Miçubixi Aeronautics]] - heavily employed by [[ATOE]] and [[CNEL]].
*Miçubixi Military
*Niccò - Specializes in cameras, microscopes, binoculars, etc. (*here*'s Nikon)

[[Category:Corporations]]
[[Category:Japan]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Movies</title>
    <id>739</id>
    <revision>
      <id>60406</id>
      <timestamp>2009-07-07T17:47:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Popular actors and actresses */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">&lt;b&gt;[[Metropolitan Moving Pictures]] invites you to witness a Kinematographic Masterpiece - a moving picture of grand scope and artistic grandeur! A Quite Interesting Story of &lt;i&gt;Love&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Passion&lt;/i&gt; and the &lt;i&gt;Struggle to Survive&lt;/i&gt; in a WORLD GONE MAD!...&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;b&gt;SEE: Battles! &lt;i&gt;Disaster!!&lt;/i&gt; Dread Monsters!! Civil War!!! &lt;i&gt;Passionate Love!!!!&lt;/I&gt; and&lt;/b&gt;

= ONE THOUSAND OLIPHANTS!!!!!! =

&lt;b&gt;Now showing at all better moving picture Theatre Houses:&lt;/b&gt;

* &lt;i&gt;Amalia of Castreleon&lt;/i&gt; - 'She'll change your life.' The sweeping Kerno language masterpiece originally titled  &quot;Llo Gran Gwid di Amalia Polan&quot; Amalia, an innocent and naive girl in Castreleon with her own sense of justice, decides to help those around her and along the way, discovers love.&quot;  Directed by renowned [[France|Francien]] Director, Jean-Pierre Jeunet.

* &lt;i&gt;Captains of the Air&lt;/i&gt; - a futuristic tale of aerial derring do against invading aliens from the deeps of space!

* &lt;i&gt;[[Chronicles of Empire Long Gone]]&lt;/i&gt; - perhaps the most controversial film of all the times about an expeditions sent to investigate archeological remains of unknown civilization somewhere in [[Antarctica]].

* &lt;i&gt;Dupła Wita Walęcinie&lt;/i&gt; (&quot;The Double Life of Valentina&quot;) - a moving masterpiece by the Venedic cineast [[Krzysztof Kieśliny]] about the parallel lives of two almost identical young women: Walęcina from the [[RTC]] and Valentina from the [[NAL]], both played by Irena Jakobina. Although they meet only once (a brief glimpse through a bus window in Kordyn), their lives remain thoroughly interconnected until Walęcina's untimely death, symbolising the sacrifices of the RTC during the [[Second Great War]].

* &lt;i&gt;Forlorn in Traduction&lt;/i&gt; - highly acclaimed drama about two very different people coping with culture shock together in Quiòto, titled &quot;Wisse in Commeirdsone&quot; in the Jovian original.

* &lt;i&gt;Gigantic!&lt;/i&gt; - set sail on the world's first superliner: longest, widest, most richly appointed passenger liner on the ocean sea and unsinkable to boot!

* &lt;i&gt;[[Jaunge Blone]]&lt;/i&gt; - a series of espionage thrillers based around Jervan special agent Jaunge Blone in the service of the High King.  Blone tends to save the world from megalomaniac bad guys by disposing of them and their goons in creative ways and with suitable one-liner eulogies, bedding at the very least two beautiful women (regardless of affiliation), engaging in vehicle chases, staying in style under all circumstances, flirting with his secretary Ms ''Guenapfeinge'', spending immesurable amounts of money, and in general just being very Jervan. His latest movie is ''Casino Reqal'', set in an even-more-intrigue-prone version of [[Xliponia]].

*&lt;i&gt;Kawars&lt;/i&gt; - follow the antics of these animated machines in their struggle to defeat the ruthless master of MegaWeld, who wants to send all worn out kawars to the scrap chopper!

* &lt;i&gt;Knight Guards&lt;/i&gt; - The head of the guard is thrown back in time...and has to teach himself to be one!

* &lt;i&gt;Lion in Summer&lt;/i&gt; - a 1950s era B movie telling the unlikely story of the invasion of a Goliath among nations (the [[NAL-SLC|NAL]]) by the world's smallest nation (the [[Grand Fenwick|Duchy of Grand Fenwick]]). Naturally, the Captain of the Fenwickian forces falls in love with a local New Amsterdamian beauty and he seduces her into returning his diminutive forest home. Drollery par excellence!

*&lt;i&gt;La Fille de la Maison&lt;/i&gt; - a controversial 1977 film telling the tale of Virginie, the daughter of a prostitute in Nouvelle Orléans' Storyville district, and her photographer-lover Étienne Delacroix.

*''Mare'' - an [[Italian]] film by [[Elba|Elban]] film director Lucco Jovio is already treated as a classic film in Italy, though it was only released in 1997. It tells the story of a [[First Great War]]-era doomed love on the Tuscan coast, between an Italian soldier heading off to fight, and his childhood sweetheart from his home village. Described by the Italian press, varyingly, as &quot;tragic&quot;, &quot;deeply moving&quot;, and &quot;wonderfully sad&quot;.

* ''[[Once Were Explorers (movie)|Once Were Explorers]]'' - Aotheroan film about a poor english family

* &lt;i&gt;Rescue of Soldier Ryan&lt;/i&gt; - a good, modern war story telling a tale of [[Second Great War|Great War II]] daring.

* The ''[[War in the Heavens]]'' series by George Lucks are extremely popular. Don't miss &lt;i&gt;Second Son&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Dark Imperium&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Bright Revenge&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Shadow Rising&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Burning Darkness&lt;/i&gt;. The next installment is in pre-production, titled &lt;i&gt;Winter White&lt;/i&gt;.  16 April, 2005 saw the theatric release of the first &lt;i&gt;fanfic&lt;/i&gt;[1] moving picture entitled &lt;i&gt;War in the Heavens: Adumbrations&lt;/i&gt;. 

* &lt;i&gt;Witches of l'Ancrea&lt;/i&gt; - a fantastic tale of three witches and their adventures in Parts Unknown!

* ''[[Woldemarow]]'' by [[Lars von Trier]], a famous allegory tale, allegedly based on a real settlement of Antarctica [[Voldemaravas]].

* ''[[World Wars (series of movies)|World Wars]]'' - an epic tale of a boy's discovery of his fate taking place during the Great Wars.

= Popular actors and actresses =

* [[Paburofu Iban]] - a popular [[Russia]]n-born actor in [[Ezo]], [[Japan|Japanese Empire]].  Recently signed a contract for 500,000 [[Japanese currency|lò]] ([[Currency of the Commonwealth of Nations| £]]100,000) for an as-of-yet-unnamed movie about the First Ruso-Japanese War.

* Coenga fih Johan - a beautiful [[Jervaine|Jervan]] actress featuring in many recent movies, but known primarily due to her stellar performance and natural charm in ''Forlorn in Traduction''.

*[[Alec Lloneir]] - famous Kemrese actor, known for his large volume of work produced primarily in the NAL-SLC.

[1] - Fanfic is a whole subgenre of fan produced stories based on the original themes of the author. [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s and [[Books|Pratchett]]'s works have long been subject to fanfic, but ''Adumbrations'' represents the first feature length motion picture so produced.
----

[[Category:Media and Entertainment]]
[[Category:Movies]]
[[Category:Culture]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Books</title>
    <id>740</id>
    <revision>
      <id>63633</id>
      <timestamp>2010-01-02T14:32:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Geoff</username>
        <id>193</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>almastu</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">= BOOKS =

== REFERENCE ==
* Archaeologia Corno-Britannica; William Pryce, 1790.
* Bengalsk-Rigsmaal og Rigsmaal-Bengalsk Ordbog; [[Paul Thordersen Xwitaw|Paul Thordersen Xwítáw]], 1818.
* Concise Tabulation of the Cornovian Grammar; Livia Ferrar, 1890
* [[Doctor Quidgereys Notebook]]; a collection of British pipe and flute tunes.
* Kerno Grammar; Sarra la Cawurn, 1999.
* A Grammar Historicall and Comparative of the British Diallects; A.G. Davidson, 1888.
* Lexicon Sanscritum, Latinum, Anglicum, Britannicum et Gallicum; [[Paul Thordersen Xwitaw|Paul Thordersen Xwítáw]], 1808.
* Lexicon Sanscritum, Latinum, Danicum et Germanicum; [[Thordhur Jonsson fra Hvita|Þorður Jónsson frá Hvítá]] &amp; [[Xriwizaj Candra|Xríwizáj Canðra]], 1804.
* Llifr dil Llinghedig Corno; Jenner, 1904.
* &lt;i&gt;Ueber die nordostromanischen oder slaworomanischen Sprachen&lt;/i&gt;; [[Mrac|Pavel Mr&amp;#x00e1;c]], Heidelberg 1866.

== NONFICTION ==
* Forestry for Youth: the guidebook for worldwide [[Junior Forresters]]; Pavel Badenev, 1906. 
* ''Joie Et Gloire'' by [[Atlanta Wells]] (a memoir)
* Mein Kampf; autobiography (posthumously published); Adolf Hitler, 1974
* Reise nach Guinea und den Caribäischen Inseln in Columbia; [[Paul Erdmann Isert]], 1788.
* ''The Seventh Empire''; [[Pan-Turkism|Pan-Turkist]] political treatise of the [[Wolf Brotherhood]]; [[Şapar Aqniät-ulı]], 1998
* ''Les trônes vacants: Études sur les régimes monarchiques de par le monde dénués de roi''; treaty on [[abdoregalism]]; Professor David Langevin, 2002
* ''La Vie aux Montagnes de l' Ouest&quot; / &quot;La Gouitha poz-y Vrigges la Meir&quot; by [[Gouarren Ffereir]], 1839, Nouvelle Orleans.

== FICTION ==
* [[1805 and All That]]; W.C. Sellar &amp; R.J. Yeatman, 1931.
* [[1994]]; [[Seoirse Fferreir]], 1949
* [[Australia (Novel)|Australia]]
* ''[[Almastu#Almastu in Popular Culture|A Year with Almastu]]''; &quot;Dr. Ibrahım Razov&quot; (pseudonym, Mırjaqıp Bolat-ulı), 2008
* [[The Columbus Journals]] by Aaron Dworkin
* The [[Doc Sauvage Series]]; pulp fiction of the 1930's from [[Louisianne]]
* The Dream of Iron; 1950s pulp fiction; [[Adolf Hitler]], 1952
* [[The Eagle and the Sun]]; [[Tom Clentsin|Tomas Clentsin]], 2004
* The [[Imperium Monde]] series by [[Llewfelen Iewen]], 1996-2007 (last book, to be released)
* Der Kampf; 1978, written by [[Germany|German]] novelist [[Thorsten]].
* &lt;i&gt;[[Moxisei]]&lt;/i&gt; (If-World); Motosuwa Quirica
* The [[So much for that]] series by [[Llewfelen Iewen]], 1992-1997
* Whither Arthur?, 1997, speculative fiction novel written by [[Germany|German]] novelist [[Thorsten]], based upon his speculative [[Alternate History]] centered on the &quot;[[European Union]]&quot;.
* ''The Giordano Bruno Code'' by [[Mark Reynolds|Mylord Snarke]], which stirred up violent discussions among scientists and religious figures
* The novels of [[Rhoberth Dain]]: [[Alternate History]] of England
* The novels of [[V.A.Howard]]

=== SCIENCE FICTION ===
* The Monolith Series:
** 1999: A Space Journey (1967) [[Artvir Klaric]]
** 2009: Journey Two (1983) [[Artvir Klaric]]
** 2060: Journey Three (1988) [[Artvir Klaric]]
** 2999: The Ultimate Journey (1996) [[Artvir Klaric]]
* Chronicals of Zand; sci-fi anthology; ed. by P. Anderson, 1977
* [[Colonia Solaris]], Philiberto Cortez, 2005.
* I, Kawar; [[Itzak Azimov]], 1950.  In this work were created the Four Laws of Kawarics, used by Kawaricists the world over. From [[Wenedyk|Venedic]] &lt;i&gt;kawar&lt;/i&gt;: to dig, labor.  First used in '[[Kolchek's Universal Kawars]]'.
* Le Voyage aux Étoiles; [[Eugenio Roddenberry]], series of novels, 1966-1990 (Roughly 3 Ecus per book).  Now being developed into a television series, [[Space Voyage 2245]] and a movie, [[Invasion of the Zmorite Horde|Space Voyage 2245: Invasion of the Zmorite Horde]]
* The novels of [[Juliette Verne]]

=== FANTASY ===
* The ''[[Arslan Bahadır]]'' books (originally by Çoqan Aytmaş-ulı, 1959-1980)
* The ''Cantica'' books, [[The Queen of Cantica]] and [[The Princess of Cantica]], by [[Yasuhira Çuneco]]
* Cyteen, [[Caroline Jeanette Cerisier|Siji Cherryh]], 1985
* The [[Henry Portman]] series
* The Hobbit by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Sir Ronald Tolkien]], 1937
* [[The Lord of the Rings]] by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Sir Ronald Tolkien]], 1955
* The &lt;I&gt;Maerthyn&lt;/I&gt; series; Bryant apYagof, 1990s youth fantasy.
* The [[Penouigonead]], a History of the Most Serene Empire; Sarra Jowanes, 2004 [youth fantasy].
* [[Seagriff Chronicles]]
* The Silmarillion by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Sir Ronald Tolkien]], 1977
* The Truth; [[Terry Pratchett]], 2000.

=== GRAPHIC NOVELS &amp; MANGA ===
* [[Agent Doomov (Fictional Character)|Agent Doomov]]; English comics.
* [[Alegoric the frank (fictional character)|Alegoric the frank]]; series of comics by the French Umberto Gossini.
* [[Khoroshij Polkovnik]]; Series of Russian comics based on the adventure of the super-hero &quot;The Good Colonel&quot;.
* [[Lehi Lachance (fictional character)|Lehi Lachance]]; A satyrical series of comics by Louisianan author Maurice Gosselin. 
* [[Tintin|The Adventures of Tintin]]; series of comic books drawn and written by the [[Batavian Kingdom|Batavian]] artist Hergé.

=== MYSTERY ===
* [[The Dewar Duo]]: A children's mystery series, 1929
* The [[Inspector Watson]] novels of Sir Uther Conan Doyle
* The conspiracy books by [[Errol Redfern]]
* Agatha Marple's mystery novels and short stories, featuring Ulysse Pommet, the Batavian sleuth fond of his &quot;little grey cells&quot;, and Miss Christie, the dear old lady in a sleepy English village
* K. G. (Karl Georg) Schachendorff's stories of Rabbi Schwarz, a stolid, ungracious and unassuming theologian with keen common sense
* Two novels of [[Rhoberth Dain]], versions of the [[Inspector Watson]] mysteries

=== WESTERN ===

=== [[Northern|NORTHERN]] ===
* St. John Rivers, by Zane Eyre

= SHORT STORIES =
* Quellingfuerst and the Bride of Dark Adonis, (1901) published in the &lt;i&gt;Conan Quellingfuerst Quarterly Magazine&lt;/i&gt;
* [[Would You Do It Again?]] (1998) Kemrese pulp fiction

= POETRY =
* Works by [[Ted Giesel]]

= ESSAYS &amp; ARTICLES =
* [[Onute Staniszkiene]], &lt;i&gt;&quot;POSTSNORIZM&quot;&lt;/i&gt;. Jedzico&amp;#x144; WiLASz, Warsina 1999. About states transformation into modern (more or less) democratic countries, indicating that political transformation is much more easer than changes in nations’ mentality. Price: &amp;#x166; 3/10/-/45. ([http://ib.frath.net/w/images/2/23/Onutebook1.jpg see the cover])
* [[Onute Staniszkiene]], &lt;i&gt;&quot;Skuodia 1989-2004, from snorism to snobism&quot;&lt;/i&gt;. Jedzico&amp;#x144; WiLASz, Warsina 2004. About [[Skuodia]]'s transformation from a small [[SNOR|snorist]] country into the '[[Jervaine]] of the [[Baltic States|Baltic]]'. Price: &amp;#x166; 2/20/-/55.
* [[Onute Staniszkiene]], &lt;i&gt;&quot;ONIAŁ NIEPOLITYKI&quot;&lt;/i&gt;. ~ polityka i mąd ~, Warsina 2005. Deep essay about nowadays relations between states and nations, public responsibility and dangerous of penetration world of politicks with world of business and crime. Price: &amp;#x166; 1/15/-/10. ([http://ib.frath.net/w/images/2/21/Onutebook2.jpg see the cover])

''See Also: [[Alternate History]]''

[[Category:Books|*]]
[[Category:Culture]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ill Bethisad</title>
    <id>741</id>
    <revision>
      <id>61633</id>
      <timestamp>2009-08-26T15:07:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elemtilas</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>Added new logo.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">&lt;center&gt;
[[Image:Kemr-flag-final-small.png]]

==== 'Yn nediwn seint yn llinghedig, yn nediwn seint yn cor' ====
&lt;/center&gt;

'''Ill Bethisad''' (&quot;the universe&quot; in Brithenig, a calque of Welsh ''bydysawd'') had as its origins the constructed world and history devised in 1996 by [[Andrew Smith]] of New Zealand where his constructed language (called Brithenig) exists. [[Brithenig]] itself is a constructed [[Romance Languages|Romance]] language based on the premise that the Latin spoken in Roman Britain did not die out but rather developped into a modern Romance language akin to Spanish and [[Francien|French]]. Since its original conception, Brithenig has attracted a number of fans who have either created their own conlangs within Ill Bethisad, a term that has come to be applied to the constructed reality of this alternate timeline, or else have contributed to shaping its history and cultures.

[[Image:Dragon.gif|right]]
Ill Bethisad is different from other alternate histories in that it has numerous [[Point of Divergence|Points of Divergence]] or PODs, whereas others, such as Harry Turtledove's ''Southern Victory'' series, where the South wins the war against the North, and the resulting wars that would wrack the North American continent, have only one.

Because of the numerous PODs and the fact that we have a large number of [[The List|participants]], we've implemented several principles, such as ''[[QSS|Quod Scripsi, Scripsi]]'', that help us establish and defend the corpus of canonical fact for this alternate world. (see: [[How It All Works]] and [[What IB Is and What IB Ain't]])

This wiki is Ill Bethisad's most elaborate source of information. It should be noted, however, that it is only one out of several places were materials regarding IB can be found. See the [[Links page]] for a list of websites, discussion fora, etc.

If you are interested in participation in the project, please read [[More about IB|this]] first. 

----

From the Archivum Anticum (19, February, 1999), one of the first descriptions of Ill Bethisad as a whole: 

''This is interesting. I don't think you have told us about the Kemrese. I gather the conworld is an alternate one maybe. Please tell us more!''

The Kemrese are simply the Brithenig speakers, who make occasional appearances on Conlang. It is indeed an alternate world; and one where the Latin language survives in Britain after the Romans retreated. 

[[Image:Logo-ib-new2.png|thumb]]
The intervening centuries have seen the political consolidation of the Kemrese state, and the amalgamation of Roman and Celtic culture. They've got a constitutional monarchy and most of the doodads associated with (reasonably) modern society. Some differences to note between *there* and *here*: long distance travel is accomplished by means of zeppelins, since aeroplanes are relegated to military use; life is a little slower-paced on the whole and technology isn't quite as advanced (though is probably more advanced in some areas): motorcars are not seen with the same high frequency, and indeed, many country roads are unpaved; trains play a significant role in land transport. The &quot;metric system&quot; is relegated to history books as a mad scheme adopted by the First French Republic, but was shortly abandoned; the whole world doesn't speak English (I think it may be safe to say that Brithenig, French and Spanish are strong contenders in the West); the money is not decimal (pounds / shillings / pence in much of western Europe; escudos / reales / maravedis (or similar) in Spain and Latin America). 

Culturally, the Kemrese consider themselves &quot;Romans&quot; and therefore aligned somewhat with the Latin world; but still have a firm Celtic root. There is some sort of clan system in effect (though I don't know much about it); loud bagpipes and clarinets, jigs and contradances, town brass bands and harp wielding bards figure prominently in the musical end of things; pubs, ale, football (nòt US style!), rugby, horseracing, and vocal political discourse (often in conjunction with the aforementioned ale in pubs) round out daily life fairly well. 

[[Category:Operating Parameters]]
&lt;div style=&quot;overflow: auto; height: 2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Artvir Klaric</title>
    <id>742</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26232</id>
      <timestamp>2006-01-06T07:39:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Sir Artvir Karl Klaric''' (born December 16, 1917) is an author and inventor, probably most famous for his science fiction novel ''1999: A Space Journey''. It is loosely inspired by Klaric's short story &quot;The Sentinel&quot;, but it became its own novel while he was collaborating on a screen play with Stanley Kubrick. Kubrick approached Mr. Klaric about writing a novel for the express purpose of making &quot;the proverbial good science-fiction movie&quot;, and the novel was still being written while the film was being made. This resulted in one of the truly unique collaborations in media history.

He has written numerous other books, including the Rama novels and several sequels to ''1999'', and many short stories.

There is a species of Ceratopsian dinosaur, ''Serendipaceratops artvirklarikei'', discovered in Inverloch in [[Australasia]].

He lives on [[Ceylon]], and survived the çunamis of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, but lost his diving school on Hikkaduwa.

==Biography==

Klaric was born in [[Kemr]], and as a boy enjoyed stargazing and enthusiastically read old [[NAL-SLC|NALien]] science fiction magazines (many of which made their way to England as ballast in ships).  After secondary school, he was unable to afford university and consequently acquired a job as an auditor in the pensions section of the Board of Education.

During the [[Second Great War]], he served in the [[Royal Air Force]] (RAF) as a radar specialist and was involved in the early warning radar defense system which contributed to the Royal Air Force's success during the war.  After the war, he obtained a first class degree in mathematics and physics at King's College, London.

His most important contribution to the world may be the conception that geostationary satellites would be ideal telecommunications relays. He proposed this concept in a scientific paper titled &quot;Can Rocket Stations Give Worldwide Radio Coverage?&quot;, published in ''Wireless World'' in October 1945.  It has only been until recently that with [[ATOE]] and soon the [[Tysk-Skandinaviske Rum Compagnie|TSRC]] that geostationary orbit will be exploited for this purpose and is often referred to in scientific circles as the [[Klaric orbit]] in his honour.

In the early 1940s, while he was in the RAF, Klaric began selling his science fiction stories to magazines.  Klaric worked briefly as Assistant Editor of ''Science Abstracts'' before devoting himself to writing full-time from 1951.  He has been chairman of the British Interplanetary Society and a member of the Underwater Explorers Club.

He has lived in Colombo, [[Ceylon]], since 1956. This inspired the locale for his novel, ''Paradise's Fountains,'' in which he describes a [[space elevator]]. This, he figures, will ultimately be his legacy, more so than geostationary satellites, once space elevators make space shuttles obsolete.

Early in his career, Klaric had a fascination with the paranormal, and has stated that it was part of the inspiration for his novel ''The End of Innocence''. He has also said that he was one of several who were fooled by a Uri Geller demonstration at Birkbeck College. Although he has long since dismissed and distanced himself from most pseudo-science, he still advocates for research into purported instances of telekinesis and other similar phenomena.

Klaric is known to many for his television programmes ''Artvir Klaric's World of Mystery'' (1981) and ''Artvir Klaric's Universe of Strange Powers'' (1984).

In 1988 he was diagnosed with post-polio syndrome and has since been confined to a wheel-chair.

[[Category:Authors|Klaric]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Paul Thordersen Xwitaw</title>
    <id>743</id>
    <revision>
      <id>46784</id>
      <timestamp>2007-08-27T08:57:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Paul Thordersen Xwítáw''' (1786-1853) was a theologist and a professor of Sanskrit, and was [[Xriwizaj Candra|Xríwizáj Canðra]]'s successor at Xrirampur University. Xwítáw was the son of [[Thordhur Jonsson fra Hvita|Þorður Jónsson frá Hvítá]] and his [[Bán̊glá]] wife. He was first educated by the missionaries of the [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] Missionary Society of Frederiksnagore, who educated him as a Lutheran priest.

Being trilingual in Danish, Icelandic, and Bengali, he developed a keen interest on the languages of East India at an early age. In his father's footstep, he joined the Kongelige Dansk Østindiske Selskab (Royal Danish East Indian Society) in 1804. That same year, after the publication of &quot;Lexicon Sanscritum, Latinum, Danicum et Germanicum&quot; by his father [[Thordhur Jonsson fra Hvita|Þorður Jónsson frá Hvítá]] and coauthor [[Xriwizaj Candra|Xríwizáj Canðra]], Xwítáw began his work on a companion version, &quot;Lexicon Sanscritum, Latinum, Anglicum, Britannicum et Gallicum&quot;, which was later published in 1808. Ten years later, he published the &quot;Bengalsk-Rigsmaal og Rigsmaal-Bengalsk Ordbog&quot;. Both books used the transcription system used in the &quot;Lexicon Sanscritum, Latinum, Danicum et Germanicum&quot;, and this inevitably came to set the standard of the [[Xryram͂pur Romanization|Transcription of Indian Writing Systems]] in the scholarly world. The name Xwítáw is in fact the Indianized transcription of Hvítá.

After [[Xriwizaj Candra|Xríwizáj Canðra]] died in 1828, Paul Thordersen Xwítáw succeeded as professor of Sanskrit in Xrirampur University.

[[Category:Authors|Xwitaw]]
[[Category:Scientists|Xwitaw]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tom Clentsin</title>
    <id>744</id>
    <revision>
      <id>23769</id>
      <timestamp>2005-12-17T05:08:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">American writer of speculative thriller fiction whose previous works are required reading at North American military academies. Specialises in military and intelligence plot lines; and his theories on military tactics are renowned as the best of any writer in the genre. Latest release:  &lt;B&gt;[[The Eagle and the Sun]]&lt;/B&gt; [2004], which reveals a clever [[Japan|Japanese]]-[[Germany|German]] alliance with plans at northern hemisphere domination.

[[Category:Authors|Clentsin]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>The Eagle and the Sun</title>
    <id>745</id>
    <revision>
      <id>42142</id>
      <timestamp>2006-09-22T02:04:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''INVASION!'''

'''CAISANUAI, [[Russo-Japanese Condominium Area|OUTER MANCHURIA]] (VLADIVOSTOK, EAST PRIMORYE.)'''

The East [[Russia]]n Army is in shambles, retreating toward Novosibirsk following crushing blows in Soccaitxi/East Primorye and the Okhotsk coast.  The invasion began today as [[Japan]]ese forces landed the length of the Primoryan and Okhotsk coasts.  [[Chukotka]] has already signed a peace treaty with Japan, most likely because of the Japanese Navy poised to strike just offshore.

It began with Japanese forces crossing into Soccaitxi at 6:45 local morning (9:45PM GMT), leaving [[Corea]] behind and sweeping north and east, to capture Caisanuai/Vladivostok by the setting of the sun.

General Quinomoto stood in the central square of Caisanuai amidst cheers of his soldiers and said, 'For too long, Russia has been a thorn in our side.'  He gesticulated around him. 'We can't trust the Russians.  This so-called 'Russian Federation' is nothing more than a temporary weakness.  If we did not invade now, the Russians would rebuild, and attack us again, the way they did when they stole [[Ezo]] from us!'

In synchronous attack, the 7th Armored Panzer Behälterabteilung broached the borders of the [[RTC]] at 10:45 PM (9:45PM GMT), and had secured Siodawa and Siora within an hour.  While the 7th plowed on to Lodz Field Marshall Karl von Preimern and the 11th Infanterie-Abteilung secured the line, preparing for the 5th Panzer Behälterabteilungs arrival on its way to Danzig.  Speaking to [[Germany|HRE]] Reporters who'd come along to the war zone, Von Preimern said, 'At no time in the past has our enemy to the east appeared so weak.  With the government teetering on the edge we will reclaim all Prussian lands.  We will welcome our new eastern citizens...' von Preimern paused, chuckling, '...after they have been successfully rehabilitated into good citizens of the Empire.'

Raising his arm at a stiffly held fourty-five degree angle he shouted 'Das Reich wird wieder groß!' (the Empire will again be great!) chorused by all soldiers in earshot.  The sight of the display drawing gasps and astonishment from the civilians.

Turning to a reporter from the Berliner Morgenpost, Field Marshall von Preimern touched his nose and
whispered loudly, a greedy look in his eye, 'After the RTC falls, it's on to Moscow!'

----

Thus begins ''The Eagle and the Sun'', [[Tom Clentsin]]'s latest novel.  In it, he portrays a [[Prussia]]n-[[Japan|Japanese]] alliance aimed at subduing the [[RTC|Republic of Two Crowns]] and [[Russia]].  Published in early 2004, it became obsolete almost as soon as it hit the book stores with [[Emperor Saisei]]'s surprise resignation from the throne, completely invalidating one of the major motivations behind [[Japan]]'s invasion in the novel - the desire of then-Emperor to reclaim [[Russo-Japanese Condominium Area|Outer Manchuria]] during his reign.

----

A discussion of the book in the [[Wita Warsinie]], one the [[Republic of the Two Crowns|RTC]]'s main newspapers: http://www.geocities.com/wenedyk/ib/news/20040906.html.

[[Category:Books|Eagle and the Sun]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Itzak Azimov</title>
    <id>746</id>
    <revision>
      <id>59980</id>
      <timestamp>2009-06-16T21:33:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Beliefs and politics */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Itzak Asimov (c. January 2, 1920 - April 6, 1992) came to the North American League as a stowaway.  Hiding in his parent's suitcases to escape from [[SNOR|SNORist]] [[Russia]], Itzak arrived in the [[NAL-SLC|North American League]] and settled into life.  According to the Oxford English Dictionary, he was the first person to coin the word &lt;i&gt;[[Kawarics]]&lt;/i&gt;.

A prolific author, Azimov wrote a large number of books, most of them seeking to better the public perception of Kawars.  He is best known for his science fiction novels and for his science books for the average person.

Asimov also wrote a great number of mysteries and fantasy.  He is one of few authors who has managed to write something for every major division of libraries.  It is estimated that he wrote or edited more than 550 volumes and 100,000 letters or postcards.  The asteroid 5020 Azimov is named in his honour.  References to him and his 4 Laws of Kawarics are nearly constant in any sci-fi involving benevolent kawars.

==Biography==
Azimov was born around January 3, 1920.  His actual date of birth is unknown as records were not kept of his actual birthdate.  Born in Petrovichi, near Smolensk, [[Russia]], Azimov grew up in a jewish family.  His parents, Anna Rachel and Judah Azimov emigrated to the [[NAL]] when he was two years old.  A prevalent anecdote suggests that Azimov stowed away in his parent's luggage in order to come with them to the North American League from [[SNOR]]ist Russia.

Azimov taught himself to read by the age of 5, and grew up in [[Breuckelen]], [[Castreleon New]].  His parents owned a candy and chocolate store, in which the family worked together.  As he worked there, Azimov came across science fiction magazines and began reading them extensively.  By the age of 16 Azimov was submitting his own stories to science fiction publishers, and was soon after published.

After attending Columbia University in [[New Amsterdam]], Azimov graduated with a Doctorate in chemistry in 1948.  Joining the faculty at Massachussets Bay University in 1949, he remained an associate professor, but in a non-teaching role.  His salary ceased in 1958, but he had income from writing that exceeded his salary from his academic duties.  In 1979 he was promoted to full professor.  His personal papers are in archive at Massachussets Bay O'Kinneide Memorial Library, taking 464 boxes on 232 feet of shelf-space.

==Beliefs and politics==

Isaac Azimov was a humanist and a rationalist, and later espoused some of the ideals of [[ecotopism]]. He did not oppose genuine religious conviction in others but was against superstitious or unfounded beliefs. He enjoyed flying, doing so any chance he could, often cruising with his wife for months at a time while working on a novel.  This is attributed to his  claustrophilic tendencies; that is, he enjoyed small, enclosed spaces.  Azimov seemed to mostly prefer travelling with [[BOAC]], but in later years, he chose to travel on [[Venedair S.A.|Venedair]] and [[Air Louisianne]].

Azimov was a progressive on most political issues, and a staunch supporter of the [[Progressive Conservative]] Party.  In a television interview in the early 1970s he publicly endorsed [[James Wainwright]]. He was unhappy at what he saw as an irrationalist tack taken by many progressive political activists from the late 1960s onwards. His defense of civil applications of nuclear power was strong, but later lent his support to [[Tesla Generators]] as they became more widely available.

==Azimov's writing career==

===Overview===
Asimov's career can be divided into several time periods. His early career, dominated by science fiction, began with short stories in 1939. This lasted until about 1958, all but ending after publication of ''The Naked Sun.'' Following that, he greatly increased his production of non-fiction, consequently publishing little science fiction. Over the next quarter century, he would write only four science fiction novels. Starting in 1982, the second half of his science fiction career began with the publication of ''Alliance's Frontier''. From then until his death, Azimov would publish many sequels to his existing novels, tying them together in a way he had not originally anticipated.
&lt;!--


===Science fiction===

Asimov began contributing stories to science fiction magazines in [[1939]], ''[[Marooned Off Vesta]]'' being his first published story, written when he was 18. Two and a half years later, he published his 32nd short story, ''[[Nightfall (Asimov)|Nightfall]]'' ([[1941]]), which is described in ''Bewildering Stories'', issue 8, as one of &quot;the most famous science-fiction stories of all time&quot; [http://www.bewilderingstories.com/issue8/asimov.html]. In [[1968]] the Science Fiction Writers of America voted ''Nightfall'' the best science fiction short story ever written [http://www.rudysbooks.com/asimovobit.html]. In his short anthology ''Nightfall and Other Stories'' he wrote, &quot;The writing of 'Nightfall' was a watershed in my professional career ... I was suddenly taken seriously and the world of science fiction became aware that I existed. As the years passed, in fact, it became evident that I had written a 'classic'.&quot; 

In [[1942]] he began his ''Foundation'' stories&amp;mdash;later collected in the ''[[Foundation Trilogy]]'': ''[[Foundation (novel)|Foundation]]'' ([[1951]]), ''[[Foundation and Empire]]'' ([[1952]]), and ''[[Second Foundation]]'' ([[1953]])&amp;mdash;which recount the collapse and rebirth of a vast [[Galactic Empire (Asimov)|interstellar empire]] in a universe of the future. Taken together, they are his most famous work of science fiction, along with the [[Robot Series]].  Many years later, he continued the series with ''[[Foundation's Edge]]'' ([[1982]]) and ''[[Foundation and Earth]]'' ([[1986]]) and then went back to before the original trilogy with ''[[Prelude to Foundation]]'' ([[1988]]) and ''[[Forward the Foundation]]'' ([[1992]]).

His [[robot]] stories&amp;mdash;many of which were collected in ''[[I, Robot]]'' ([[1950]])&amp;mdash;were begun at about the same time. They promulgated a set of rules of [[ethics]] for [[robot]]s (see [[Three Laws of Robotics]]) and intelligent machines that greatly influenced other writers and thinkers in their treatment of the subject. One such short story, ''[[The Bicentennial Man]]'' was made into a movie starring [[Robin Williams]].

The recent film ''[[I, Robot (movie)|I, Robot]]'', starring [[Will Smith]], was based on the ''[[Hardwired]]'' script by [[Jeff Vintar]] with Asimov's ideas incorporated later after acquiring the rights to the ''I, Robot'' title by the [[20th Century Fox]]. It is not related to the ''I, Robot'' script by [[Harlan Ellison]], who collaborated with Asimov himself to create a version which captured the spirit of the original. Asimov is quoted as saying that Ellison's screenplay would lead to &quot;the first really adult, complex, worthwhile science fiction movie ever made.&quot; The screenplay was published in book form in 1994, after hopes of seeing it in film form were becoming slim. See: [[I, Robot]], [http://www.moviepoopshoot.com/bottom/56.html]

He also wrote a spoof science article, ''[[Thiotimoline|The Endochronic Properties of Resublimated Thiotimoline]]'' in [[1948]], which he feared would affect his chances of obtaining his doctorate.

Having spent much of the [[1940s]] on the ''Foundation'' series and ''I, Robot'', he returned to writing short stories for science fiction magazines in the [[1950s]], which he refers to as his golden decade. A number of these are included in his ''[[The Best of Isaac Asimov|Best of]]'' anthology, including ''[[The Last Question]]'' ([[1956]]), his personal favorite and considered by many to be a contender to ''Nightfall''. It deals with the ability of humankind to cope with and overcome [[entropy]].

Beginning in [[1977]], he lent his name to ''[[Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine]]'' (now ''[[Asimov's Science Fiction]]'') and penned an editorial for each issue.  There was also a short-lived ''Asimov's SF Adventure Magazine'' and a companion ''Asimov's Science Fiction Anthology'' reprint series, published as magazines (in the same manner as stablemates ''[[Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine]]'' and ''[[Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine]]'''s &quot;anthologies&quot;).

===Popular science===

During the late [[1950s]] and [[1960s]], Asimov shifted gears somewhat, and substantially decreased his fiction output (he published only four adult novels between [[1957]]'s ''[[The Naked Sun]]'' and [[1982]]'s ''Foundation's Edge'', two of which were mysteries). At the same time, he greatly increased his non-fiction production, writing mostly on science topics; the launch of [[Sputnik]] in [[1957]] engendered public concern over a &quot;science gap&quot;, which Asimov's publishers were eager to fill with as much material as he could write. Meanwhile, the monthly ''[[Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction]]'' invited him to continue his regular non-fiction column, begun in the now-folded bimonthly companion magazine ''[[Venture Science Fiction]]'', ostensibly dedicated to [[popular science]], but with Asimov having complete editorial freedom. The first of the ''F&amp;SF'' columns appeared in November of [[1958]], and they followed uninterrupted thereafter, with 399 entries, until Asimov's terminal illness took its toll.  These columns, periodically collected into books by his principal publisher, [[Doubleday]], helped make Asimov's reputation as a &quot;Great Explainer&quot; of science and were referred to by him as his only pop-science writing in which he never had to assume complete ignorance of the subjects at hand on the part of his readers.  The popularity of his first wide-ranging reference work, ''The Intelligent Man's Guide to Science'', also allowed him to give up most of his academic responsibilities and become essentially a full-time freelance writer.

He published ''Asimov's Guide to the Bible'' in two volumes&amp;mdash;covering the [[Old Testament]] in [[1967]] and the [[New Testament]] in [[1969]]&amp;mdash;and then combined them into one 1300-page volume in [[1981]]. Replete with maps and tables, the guide goes through the books of the [[Bible]] in order, explaining the history of each one and the political influences that affected it, as well as biographical information about the important characters.

Asimov also wrote several essays on the social contentions of his day, including &quot;Thinking About Thinking&quot; and &quot;Science: Knock Plastic&quot; ([[1967]]).

===Other===

Never entirely lacking wit and humor, towards the end of his life Asimov published a series of collections of [[limerick (poetry)|limericks]], mostly written by himself, starting with ''[[Lecherous Limericks]]'', which appeared in [[1975]]. His ''Treasury of Humor'' is both a working joke book and a treatise propounding his views on humor theory. According to Asimov, the most essential element of humor is an abrupt change in point of view, one that suddenly shifts focus from the important to the trivial, or from the sublime to the ridiculous.

Asimov published two volumes of autobiography: ''[[In Memory Yet Green]]'' ([[1979]]) and ''[[In Joy Still Felt]]'' ([[1980]]). A third autobiography, ''I. Asimov: A Memoir'', was published in April [[1994]].  The epilogue was written by [[Janet Asimov]] (née Jeppson), shortly after his death.

===Literary themes===
{{spoiler}} 

Much of Asimov's fiction dealt with themes of [[paternalism]]. His first robot story, &quot;[[Robbie]]&quot;, concerned a robotic [[nanny]]. As the robots grew more sophisticated, their interventions became more wide-reaching and subtle. In &quot;[[Evidence (Asimov)|Evidence]]&quot;, a robot masquerading as a human successfully runs for elective office.  In &quot;[[The Evitable Conflict]]&quot;, the robots ran humanity from behind the scenes, acting as caretakers to the whole species. 

Later, in ''[[Robots and Empire]]'', a robot develops what he calls the [[Zeroth Law of Robotics]], which states that &quot;A robot may not injure humanity, nor, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm&quot;. He also decides that robotic presence is stifling humanity's freedom, and that the best course of action is for the robots to phase themselves out. A non-robot story, ''[[The End of Eternity]]'', features a similar conflict and resolution.

In [[The Foundation Series]] (which did not originally have robots), a scientist implements a semi-secret plan to create a [[utopia|perfect society]] over the course of 1000 years. This series has its version of [[Plato's Republic|Platonic guardians]], called the Second Foundation, to perfect and protect the plan. When Asimov stopped writing the series in the [[1950s]], the Second Foundation was depicted as benign protectors of humanity. When he revisted the series in the [[1980s]], he made the paternalistic themes even more explicit.

''[[Foundation's Edge]]'' introduced the planet [[Gaia (planet)|Gaia]], obviously based on the [[Gaia hypothesis]]. Every animal, plant, and mineral on Gaia participated in a shared consciousness, forming a single super-mind, and working together for the greater good. In ''[[Foundation and Earth]]'', the protagonist must decide whether or not to allow the development of [[Galaxia]], a larger version of Gaia, encompassing the entire galaxy.

''Foundation and Earth'' introduces robots to the Foundation universe.  Two of Asimov's last novels, ''[[Prelude to Foundation]]'' and ''[[Forward the Foundation]]'', explore their behavior in fuller detail. The robots are depicted as [[covert operative]]s, acting for the benefit of humanity.

==Criticisms==

Asimov was criticised for the lack of sex and aliens in his science fiction.  Asimov once explained that his reluctance to write about aliens came from an incident early in his career when one of his early science fiction stories was rejected because the alien characters were portrayed as superior to the humans.  He decided that, rather than write weak alien characters, he would not write about aliens at all.  Nevertheless, in response to these criticisms he wrote ''[[The Gods Themselves]]'', which contains aliens, sex, and alien sex.  Asimov said that of all his writings, he was most proud of the middle section of ''The Gods Themselves''.

Others have criticised him for a lack of strong female characters in his early work. In his autobiographical writings, he acknowledges this, and responds by pointing to inexperience.

==Quotes==

* &quot;If my doctor told me I had only six minutes to live, I wouldn't brood. I'd type a little faster.&quot;
* &quot;Early in my school career, I turned out to be an incorrigible disciplinary problem. I could understand what the teacher was saying as fast as she could say it, I found time hanging heavy, so I would occasionally talk to my neighbor. That was my great crime, I talked.&quot;
* &quot;I prefer [[rationalism]] to [[atheism]]. The question of [[God]] and other objects-of-faith are outside reason and play no part in rationalism, thus you don't have to waste your time in either attacking or defending.&quot;
* &quot;If I could trace my origins to [[Judas Maccabaeus]] or [[King David]], that would not add one inch to my stature. It may well be that many [[eastern Europe|East European]] [[Jew]]s are descended from [[Khazars]], I may be one of them. Who knows? And who cares?&quot;
* &quot;In [[1936]], I first wrote science fiction. It was a long-winded attempt at writing an endless novel...which died. I remember one sentence, 'Whole forests stood sere and brown in midsummer.'. That was the first Asimovian science-fiction sentence.&quot;
* &quot;Writing, to me, is simply thinking through my fingers.&quot;
* &quot;Night was a wonderful time in Brooklyn in the [[1930s]]. [[Air conditioning]] was unknown except in [[film|movie]] houses, and so was [[television]]. There was nothing to keep one in the house. Furthermore, few people owned [[automobile]]s, so there was nothing to carry one away. That left the streets and the stoops. The very fullness served as an inhibition to [[crime]].&quot;
* &quot;No one can possibly have lived through the [[Great Depression]] without being scarred by it. No amount of experience since the depression can convince someone who has lived through it that the world is safe [[economics|economically]].&quot;
* &quot;True [[literacy]] is becoming an arcane art and the [[United States]] is steadily dumbing down.&quot;
* &quot;Until I became a published writer, I remained completely ignorant of books on how to write and courses on the subject...they would have spoiled my natural style; made me observe caution; would have hedged me with rules.&quot;
* &quot;When I read about the way in which [[library]] funds are being cut and cut, I can only think that [[United States|American]] [[society]] has found one more way to destroy itself.&quot;
* &quot;What I ''will'' be remembered for are the Foundation Trilogy and the [[Three Laws of Robotics]]. What I ''want'' to be remembered for is no one book, or no dozen books. Any single thing I have written can be paralleled or even surpassed by something someone else has done. However, my total corpus for quantity, quality and ''variety'' can be duplicated by no one else. That is what I want to be remembered for&quot;, [[September 20]], [[1973]], ''Yours, Isaac Asimov,'' page 329.

Additional quotations are available in the [[Wikiquote:Isaac Asimov|Isaac Asimov]] article at [[Wikiquote]].

==Selected bibliography==

In addition, see the [[Isaac Asimov complete bibliography|complete bibliography]].

===Science fiction===

====Novels====

=====[[The Foundation Series]]=====
* ''[[Foundation (novel)|Foundation]]'' ([[1951]]) 
* ''[[Foundation and Empire]]'' ([[1952]])
* ''[[Second Foundation]]'' ([[1953]])
* ''[[Foundation's Edge]]'' ([[1982]]) 
* ''[[Foundation and Earth]]'' ([[1986]])
* ''[[Prelude to Foundation]]'' ([[1988]])
* ''[[Forward the Foundation]]'' ([[1993]])

=====[[Isaac Asimov's Galactic Empire Series|The Galactic Empire Series]]=====
* ''[[Pebble in the Sky]]'' ([[1950]])
* ''[[The Stars, Like Dust]]'' ([[1951]])
* ''[[The Currents of Space]]'' ([[1952]])

(Note: the Galactic Empire series takes place in the same continuity as the Foundation series, but so much earlier in their history, that they are usually considered distinct series.)

=====[[Isaac Asimov's Robot Series|Robot series]]=====
* ''[[The Caves of Steel]]'' ([[1954]]) (first [[Elijah Baley]] SF-crime novel)
* ''[[The Naked Sun]]'' ([[1957]]) (second Elijah Baley SF-crime novel)
* ''[[The Robots of Dawn]]'' ([[1983]]) (third Elijah Baley SF-crime novel)
* ''[[Robots and Empire]]'' ([[1985]]) (sequel to the Elijah Baley trilogy)
* ''[[The Positronic Man]]'' ([[1993]]) (with Robert Silverberg, a novel based on Asimov's earlier short story ''[[The Bicentennial Man]]'')

(Note: ''Robots and Empire'' loosely merged Robot series into the Galactic Empire universe.)

=====[[Fantastic Voyage]]=====
* ''[[Fantastic Voyage]]'' ([[1966]]) (novelization of the like-named motion picture)
* ''[[Fantastic Voyage II: Destination Brain]]'' ([[1987]]) (Asimov's independent sequel to ''Fantastic Voyage'')

=====Novels not part of a series=====
* ''[[The End of Eternity]]'' ([[1955]]) 
* ''[[The Gods Themselves]]'' ([[1972]]) 
* ''[[Nemesis (Asimov)|Nemesis]]'' ([[1989]])
* ''[[Nightfall (Asimov)|Nightfall]]'' ([[1990]]) (with [[Robert Silverberg]], a novel based on the earlier short story) 
* ''[[The Ugly Little Boy]]'' ([[1992]]) (with Robert Silverberg, a novel based on an earlier short story)

(While primarily independent, some of these novels have very minor connections to the Foundation series.)

====Juveniles====

=====as Paul French=====

* ''[[David Starr, Space Ranger]]'' ([[1952]])
* ''[[Lucky Starr and the Pirates of the Asteroids]]'' ([[1953]])
* ''[[Lucky Starr and the Oceans of Venus]]'' ([[1954]])
* ''[[Lucky Starr and the Big Sun of Mercury]]'' ([[1956]])
* ''[[Lucky Starr and the Moons of Jupiter]]'' ([[1957]])
* ''[[Lucky Starr and the Rings of Saturn]]'' ([[1958]])

=====with Janet Asimov ([[Norby]] series)=====

* ''[[Norby, the Mixed-Up Robot]]'' ([[1983]])
* ''[[Norby's Other Secret]]'' ([[1984]])
* ''[[Norby and the Lost Princess]]'' ([[1985]])
* ''[[Norby and the Invaders]]'' ([[1985]])
* ''[[Norby and the Queen's Necklace]]'' ([[1986]])
* ''[[Norby Finds a Villain]]'' ([[1987]])
* ''[[Norby Down to Earth]]'' ([[1988]])
* ''[[Norby and Yobo's Great Adventure]]'' ([[1989]])
* ''[[Norby and the Oldest Dragon]]'' ([[1990]])
* ''[[Norby and the Court Jester]]'' ([[1991]])

====Short story collections====

''Also see [[List of short stories by Isaac Asimov]]''

* ''[[I, Robot]]'' ([[1950]])
* ''[[The Martian Way and Other Stories]]'' ([[1955]])
* ''[[Earth Is Room Enough]]'' ([[1957]])
* ''[[Nine Tomorrows]]'' ([[1959]])
* ''[[The Rest of the Robots]]'' ([[1964]])
* ''[[Nightfall and Other Stories]]'' ([[1969]])
* ''[[The Early Asimov]]'' ([[1972]])
* ''[[The Best of Isaac Asimov]]'' ([[1973]])
* ''[[Buy Jupiter and Other Stories]]'' ([[1975]])
* ''[[The Bicentennial Man and Other Stories]]'' ([[1976]])
* ''[[The Complete Robot]]'' ([[1982]])
* ''[[The Winds of Change and Other Stories]]'' ([[1983]])
* ''[[Robot Dreams]]'' ([[1986]])
* ''[[Gold (Asimov)|Gold]]'' ([[1990]])
* ''[[Magic (Asimov)|Magic]]'' ([[1995]])

===Mysteries===

====Novels====

* ''[[The Death Dealers]]'' ([[1958]]) (later republished as ''A Whiff of Death'')
* ''[[Murder at the ABA]]'' ([[1976]]) (also published as ''Authorized Murder'')

====Short story collections ([[Black Widowers]] and others)====

* ''[[Asimov's Mysteries]]'' ([[1968]])
* ''[[Tales of the Black Widowers]]'' ([[1974]])
* ''[[More Tales of the Black Widowers]]'' ([[1976]])
* ''[[Casebook of the Black Widowers]]'' ([[1980]])
* ''[[Banquets of the Black Widowers]]'' ([[1984]])
* ''[[The Best Mysteries of Isaac Asimov]]'' ([[1986]])
* ''[[Puzzles of the Black Widowers]]'' ([[1990]])
* ''[[Return of the Black Widowers]]'' ([[2003]]) contains stories uncollected at the time of Asimov's death, in addition to contributions by [[Charles Ardai]] and [[Harlan Ellison]]

===Nonfiction===

====Popular science====

* ''[[The Chemicals of Life (book)|The Chemicals of Life]]'' ([[1954]])
* ''[[Inside the Atom (book)|Inside the Atom]]'' ([[1956]])
* ''[[The World of Carbon (book)|The World of Carbon]]'' (1956?)
* ''[[The World of Nitrogen (book)|The World of Nitrogen]]'' ([[1958]])
* ''[[The Clock We Live On (book)|The Clock We Live On]]'' ([[1959]])
* ''[[Asimov on Numbers]]'' ([[1959]])
* ''[[Words of Science and the History Behind Them]]'' ([[1959]])
* ''[[Life and Energy (book)|Life and Energy]]'' ([[1962]])
* ''[[Adding a Dimension]]'' ([[1964]])
* ''[[The Human Brain (book)|The Human Brain]]'' ([[1964]])
* ''[[The Neutrino (book)|The Neutrino]]'' ([[1966]])
* ''[[Science, Numbers and I (book)|Science, Numbers and I]]'' ([[1968]])
* ''[[The Solar System and Back]]'' ([[1970]])
* ''[[Our World in Space (book)|Our World in Space]]'' ([[1974]])
* ''[[Views of the Universe (book)|Views of the Universe]]'' ([[1981]])
* ''[[Exploring the Earth and the Cosmos]]'' ([[1982]])
* ''[[The Secret of The Universe]]'' ([[1990]])
* ''[[Quasar, Quasar, Burning Bright]]'' ([[1977]])
* ''[[The Sun Shines Bright]]''
* ''[[The Intelligent Man's Guide to Science]]'' ([[1965]])
* ''[[Asimov's Chronology of Science and Discovery]]'' ([[1989]], second edition extends to [[1993]])
* ''[[Isaac Asimov's Guide to Earth and Space]]'' ([[1991]])
* ''[[The Sun (Asimov)|The Sun]]'' ([[2003]])
* ''[[The Earth (Asimov)|The Earth]]'' ([[2004]])
* ''[[Jupiter (Asimov)|Jupiter]]'' ([[2004]])
* ''[[Venus (Asimov)|Venus]]'' ([[2004]])

====History====

* ''[[The Greeks (book)|The Greeks]]''
* ''[[The Roman Republic]]''
* ''[[The Roman Empire (book)|The Roman Empire]]''
* ''[[The Near East]]''
* ''[[The Dark Ages]]''
* ''[[The Shaping of England]]''
* ''[[Constantinople (book)|Constantinople]]''
* ''[[The Land of Canaan]]''
* ''[[The Shaping of France]]''
* ''[[The Shaping of North America]]''
* ''[[The Shaping of the United States]]''
* ''[[Our Federal Union]]'' ([[1974]])
* ''[[Asimov's History of the World]]''

====Humor====

* ''[[Treasury of Humor]]'' ([[1971]]? [[1979]]?) (Not just a jokebook; also a treatise on humor theory.)
* ''[[Lecherous Limericks]]'' ([[1975]])
* ''[[More Lecherous Limericks]]'' ([[1976]])
* ''[[Still More Lecherous Limericks]]'' ([[1977]])
* ''[[Asimov's Sherlockian Limericks]]'' ([[1977]])
* ''[[Limericks: Too Gross - Or Two Dozen Dirty Dozen Stanzas]]'' ([[1978]]) (with John Ciardi)
* ''[[A Grossery of Limericks]]'' ([[1981]]) (with John Ciardi)
* ''[[Isaac Asimov's Limericks for Children]]'' ([[1984]])
* ''[[Asimov Laughs Again - More than 700 Favorite Jokes, Limericks and Anecdotes]]'' ([[1992]])

====Autobiographical====

* ''[[In Memory Yet Green]]'' ([[1979]]) 
* ''[[In Joy Still Felt]]'' ([[1980]])  
* ''[[I. Asimov: A Memoir]]'', April [[1994]] 
* ''[[Yours, Isaac Asimov: A Lifetime of Letters by Isaac Asimov]]'', edited by Stanley Asimov (Doubleday), was among [[1996]] [[Hugo Awards]] nominations for the best non-fiction book.

===Other===

* ''[[Opus 100]]'' ([[1969]])
* ''[[Opus 200]]'' ([[1979]])
* ''[[Isaac Asimov's Book of Facts]]'' ([[1979]])
* ''[[Azazel]]'' ([[1988]])

==Trivia==

* A character in the [[1979]]&amp;ndash;[[1981]] television series, ''[[Buck Rogers in the 25th Century]]'', is Admiral Asimov, who is said to be a descendent of Isaac Asimov. Dr. Asimov's [[Laws of Robotics]] are quoted verbatim in one episode.
* Isaac Asimov is generally regarded as being the only author in history to have published books which collectively fall under every major category of the Dewey Decimal System.

==Related topics==

* [[Isaac Asimov's Robot Series]]
* [[Isaac Asimov's Galactic Empire Series]]
* Isaac Asimov's [[Foundation Series]]
* [[Norby]]
* [[science fiction]]: [[List of science fiction authors|authors]] - [[List of science fiction novels|novels]] - [[List of science fiction short stories|short stories]] - [[List of science fiction television|television shows]]
--&gt;
[[Category:Authors|Azimov]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wenedyk</title>
    <id>747</id>
    <revision>
      <id>46057</id>
      <timestamp>2007-08-07T10:07:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Wenedyk''' is a North-Central, or Slavo-Romance language spoken by the [[Veneda|Veneds]], the largest nationality of the [[Republic of the Two Crowns]]. Created by [[User:IJzeren Jan]].
More can be found here: http://steen.free.fr/wenedyk/index.html. See also [[Wikipedia:Wenedyk]].

=== Representing Wenedyk text in the wiki ===

Diacritics are of vital importance to the correct representation of Wenedyk words and names in English texts. To make sure that they display correctly on all computers, it is best to represent them by means of decimal unicode characters:
{| width=&quot;30%&quot;
 |&amp;#260;||&amp;amp;#260;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;#261;||&amp;amp;#261;
 |-
 |&amp;#262;||&amp;amp;#262;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;#263;||&amp;amp;#263;
 |-
 |&amp;#280;||&amp;amp;#280;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;#281;||&amp;amp;#281;
 |-
 |&amp;#321;||&amp;amp;#321;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;#322;||&amp;amp;#322;
 |-
 |&amp;#323;||&amp;amp;#323;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;#324;||&amp;amp;#324;
 |-
 |&amp;#346;||&amp;amp;#346;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;#347;||&amp;amp;#347;
 |-
 |&amp;Oacute;||&amp;amp;Oacute;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;oacute;||&amp;amp;oacute;
 |-
 |&amp;#377;||&amp;amp;#377;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;#378;||&amp;amp;#378;
 |-
 |&amp;#379;||&amp;amp;#379;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;#380;||&amp;amp;#380;
 |}

=== Placenames in Wenedyk ===

A list of names of nations, cities and the like, can be found [http://www.geocities.com/wenedyk/language/onomasticon.html#geonames here].

=== See also ===
[[Polish]]

{{Romance}}
[[Category:RTC]]


&lt;!-- Moved a copy of the Wenedyk article from Wikipedia here since the troglodytes are intent on getting it deleted...

{{language
| name=Wenedyk
| familycolor=constructed language
| creator=Jan van Steenbergen
| date=[[2002]]
| setting=The (fictional) '''Republic of the Two Crowns''', in the [[alternate history (fiction)|alternate timeline]] of [[Ill Bethisad]]
| fam1=[[constructed language]]s
| fam2=[[artistic language]]s
| fam3=[[alternative language]]s
| posteriori=[[constructed language]]s&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;[[a posteriori language]]s&lt;br&gt;(hypothetical [[Romance languages|Romance]] language based on [[Polish language|Polish]])
}}

'''Wenedyk''' (in English: Venedic) is a [[constructed language]] of the naturalistic kind, created by the Dutch translator [[Jan van Steenbergen]]. It is used in the fictional ''Republic of the Two Crowns'' (based on the ''[[Republic of Two Nations]]''), in the [[alternate history (fiction)|alternate timeline]] of [[Ill Bethisad]]. Officially, Wenedyk is a descendant of [[Vulgar Latin]] with a strong [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] admixture, based on the premise that the [[Roman Empire]] incorporated the ancestors of the [[Poles]] in their territory. Unofficially, it tries to show what [[Polish language|Polish]] would have looked like if it had been a [[Romance languages|Romance]] instead of a [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] language. 

The idea for the language was inspired by such languages as [[Brithenig]], [[Breathanach]] and [[Kerno]]. The language itself is based entirely on ([[Vulgar Latin|Vulgar]]) [[Latin]] and [[Polish language|Polish]]: all phonological, morphological, and syntactic changes that made Polish develop from [[Common Slavic language|Common Slavic]] are applied to Vulgar Latin. On the Internet, it is well-recognized as an example of the altlang genre, much like Brithenig and Breathanach.

Wenedyk plays a role in the [[alternate history (fiction)|alternate history]] of [[Ill Bethisad]], where it is one of the official languages of the [http://www.geocities.com/wenedyk/ib/rtc.html Republic of the Two Crowns].  In 2005 Wenedyk underwent a major revision due to a better understanding of Latin and Slavic sound and grammar changes.

The dictionary on the WWW page linked below contains around 3000 entries.

==Example==
[[The Lord's Prayer]]:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
''Potrze nostry, kwały jesz en czałór, sąciewkaty si twej numię.'' &lt;br /&gt;
''Owień twej rzeń.'' &lt;br /&gt;
''Foca si twa włątać, komód en czału szyk i sur cierze.'' &lt;br /&gt;
''Da nów odzej nostry pań kocidzany.'' &lt;br /&gt;
''I dziemieć nów nostrze dziewta, komód i nu dziemiećmy swór dziewtorzór.'' &lt;br /&gt;
''I nie endycz nosz en ciętaceń, uta liwra nosz dzie mału.'' &lt;br /&gt;
''Nąk twie są rzeń i pociestać i głurza, o siąprz. Amen.''
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==External link==
* [http://www.geocities.com/wenedyk/language/ Wenedyk] (in English)

[[Category:Artistic languages]]
[[Category:Ill Bethisad]]

[[cs:Wenedyk]]
[[eo:Venediko]]
[[es:Wenedyk]]
[[fr:Wenedyk]]
[[it:Lingua venedica]]
[[la:Lingua Venedica]]
[[nl:Wenedyk]]
[[pl:Wenedyk]]
[[pt:Wenedyk]]
 --&gt;</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kolchek's Universal Kawars</title>
    <id>748</id>
    <revision>
      <id>60370</id>
      <timestamp>2009-07-06T23:27:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* The Play */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">First production was scheduled for Prák, Bohemia, in January of 1921, but due to financial struggles, Capek left the Bohemian Kingdom and staged the play in &amp;#321;ód&amp;#378;, Veneda, Republic of the Two Crowns.  

In K.U.K., Capek presents a seeming paradise, where machines bring huge benefits initially, but in the end cause just as much blight as existed before their use due to unemployment and social unrest.  That the [[kawar]]s have come to be seen as metal automatons was beyond Capek's idea.  His Kawars were chemical creations, only largely used in Fiction by [[Itzak Azimov]] as androids, beings of flesh-like substance with a metallic internal structure.

==The Play==

The play begins in a factory that makes 'artificial people' — they are called Kawars, but are closer to the modern idea of androids or even clones, creatures who can be mistaken for humans. They can plainly think for themselves. Although they seem happy to work for humans, that changes and leads to the end of the human race due to a hostile robot rebellion. The play premiered in Prák in 1921. It was translated from Venedic into English by Paul Selver, and adapted for the English stage by Nigel Playfair in 1923. Basil Dean produced it in April 1923 for the Reandean Company at St. Martin's Theatre, London. The play's North American premier was in [[Castreleon New]] in October 1922. It also played in Chicago and Philadelphia during 1923.

After having finished the manuscript, Capek realized that he had created a modern version of the old Golem legend. He later took a different approach to the same theme in ''War with the Salamanders'', in which non-humans become a servant class in human society.

K.U.K is dark but not hopeless, and it was successful in its day in both Europe and the [[NAL-SLC]]. In the American production, Spencer Tracy played one of the robots, in one of his earliest roles.

In February 1938, a thirty-five minute adaptation of a section of the play was broadcast on BBC Television — the first piece of television science-fiction ever to be produced. In 1948, another adaptation — this time of the entire play and running to ninety minutes — was screened by the BBC, and in between in 1941 BBC radio had also produced a radio play version. None of these three productions survive in the BBC's archives.

A more modern (1990) translation in English is available in Toward the Radical Center: A Karel Capek Reader, published by Catbird Press.

The upcoming film adaptation, titled simply K.U.K., is slated for a 2011 release from  [[Apex Productions]]

[[Category:Plays]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mrac</title>
    <id>749</id>
    <revision>
      <id>62179</id>
      <timestamp>2009-09-27T12:56:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elemtilas</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Corrected link.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">= Mrác =

Pronunciation: [mra:ts], feminine '''Mraca''' ['mratsa]

== Pavel Mrác==

(aka Paulus Martius, Paul Mratz, Paul Mr&amp;#x00e1;ce, Paolo Mrazzi, Pavel Mra&amp;#x00e7;, Pawe&amp;#x142; Mrac), 1833-1898: Philologist, folklorist and poet born 1833 in Heidelberg as second child and eldest son of a Slevan father, Peter &lt;nowiki&gt;Mrác/Mratz&lt;/nowiki&gt; and a German mother Catharina Schreiber.

After studies of primarily Romance philology in [[Germany]], the [[Republic of the Two Crowns]], Paris and the Italies he in 1857 visited [[Slevania]] together with his younger brother Martin, and both became entranced with the language and folk music of their fatherland.  While Martin remained behind in Slevania collecting folk music Pavel went again to Italy in 1859, where he married Maria Bozzini.  Thereafter he settled in Heidelberg.  From there he sent out dialect questionnaires to parish priests all over the {{SLVL}}-speaking territories.  Among these he selected twenty representative or more interesting sites where he directed his brother Martin to carry out more thoroughgoing investigations and thus gained a huge hoard of lexical and grammatical information on all the {{SLVA}} dialects.  He also obtained all manner of such older texts that existed, particularly several manuscript versions of the catechism originally written by Matjas Kvjat&amp;#x00ed;lj in the 16th century.  Based on this material he compiled the first edition of &lt;i&gt;Gramatika i Diciunair Slvain&amp;#x00e7;a&lt;/i&gt; (Modern spelling &lt;i&gt;Gramatika i Diczunarj Slv&amp;#x00e1;nca&lt;/i&gt; Heidelberg 1861).

In the following year (1862) Mr&amp;#x00e1;c with the help of the ''Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft'' published a modernized and strongly puristic version of the Kvjat&amp;#x00ed;lj catechism which was sent to all {{SLVA}} parishes.  At the same time his brother Martin, who had just married Anna Kovacs, started the first {{SLVA}} newspaper &lt;i&gt;Corier Slevanie&amp;#x00e7;&lt;/i&gt; in Poz&amp;#243;nj.  However the orthography and puristic language form, devised by Pavel Mr&amp;#x00e1;c, which was used in these publications caused the beginning of the long- lasting {{SLVA}} language controversy, which caused P. Mr&amp;#x00e1;c to undertake a journey to the major Slevan towns in order to rally support for his national romanticism, coinciding with the publication of Martin Mr&amp;#x00e1;c's edition of Slevan folk songs &lt;i&gt;Carmina Silvanica&lt;/i&gt; 1863.  These activities alerted the Hungarian authorities who were struck with fear for a Slevan national uprising.  As a result Pavel Mr&amp;#x00e1;c was extradited to Germany, and Martin Mr&amp;#x00e1;c was imprisoned, but was released after only three days through the intervention of his father-in-law who was an officer in the Hungarian army.  Contrary to the intentions of the Hungarian authorities this made the Mr&amp;#x00e1;c brothers widely popular and engendered support for their national romanticism also in quarters that opposed the Mr&amp;#x00e1;cian orthography and linguistic purism.  This popularity only increased when in the following year (1864) Martin published an opera &lt;i&gt;&amp;#x00c7;ecelia (Ceczelja)&lt;/i&gt; with text by Pavel Mr&amp;#x00e1;c and based on a folk tale.  The burghers of the Slevan towns founded singer lodges and culture societies, several people started collecting folk tales, and the signature [[Mark Urelj|Mark Ur&amp;#x00e9;lj]] began publishing chamber plays in the taste of the time.

In 1866 Pavel Mr&amp;#x00e1;c published his most important academic work &lt;i&gt;Ueber die nordostromanischen oder slaworomanischen Sprachen&lt;/i&gt;, where he investigated and elucidated the linguistic and historical relations of {{SLVL}} and Wenedyk.  This work earned him the professorship in Romance languages in Kardun in the [[RTC]] in 1870.  For this reason his great etymological dictionary of the North-East Romance languages was published in Wenedyk (&lt;i&gt;Dziconarz etymologik l&amp;#281;gwar nordko-orz&amp;#281;ta&amp;#322;oroma&amp;#324;ku u s&amp;#322;aworoma&amp;#324;ku&lt;/i&gt;, Kardun 1873), as was the second edition of his &lt;i&gt;magnum opus&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Dzie l&amp;#281;gwar nordko-orz&amp;#281;ta&amp;#322;oroma&amp;#324;ku u s&amp;#322;aworoma&amp;#324;ku&lt;/i&gt;, Kardun 1876) which was enlarged not least with much material on [[Slezan]] and the dialects of Wenedyk.  After 1876 he published himself academically only in the periodical &lt;i&gt;Romanica Carrodunensia&lt;/i&gt; which he had founded.  This change has been attributed to the death of his wife in the said year, although it should be noted that many of the articles are of nearly book length, and that some articles form quite voluminous series, especially his &lt;i&gt;&amp;#x00c9;tudes sur les langues romanes de l'Am&amp;#x00e9;rique&lt;/i&gt; and his rediscovery of Louis Lemontaigners works on [[FrathWiki:Bâzrâmani|Bâzrâmani]].  He also published himself poetically in {{SLVL}}, although he is considered inferior as a poet to [[Mark Urelj|Mark Ur&amp;#x00e9;lj]] and other contemporaries. 

Pavel Mr&amp;#x00e1;c died in Kardun in 1898.  In 1998 his remains were transferred to [[Kasovlja]].

Literature: P. Hrac&amp;#225;n: &lt;i&gt;Vita Pavely Mracy&lt;/i&gt;, Kasovlja 1932.
Halin&amp;#225;r, A.  ed.: &lt;i&gt;Operje Pavely Mracy&lt;/i&gt;, Kasovlja  1952-1958.
Njedz&amp;#233;l, H.: &lt;i&gt;Tekst Kvjatili: spre tradicune manuskript&amp;#250;r i edicune Mracy&lt;/i&gt;, Kasovlja  1999.
Pul&amp;#237;n, G.: &quot;Pavel Mr&amp;#225;c, Romaniste&quot; in &lt;i&gt;Romanica Carrodunensia 1998&lt;/i&gt;, Kardun 1998.

== Martin Mrác ==

Lived 1835-1917.  Younger brother of Pavel, musician, composer, musicologist, journalist and folklorist. Collected Slevan folk songs and folk-music simultanously as working as the main fieldworker of his brother.  This resulted in the publishing of the folk song collection &lt;i&gt;Carmina Silvanica&lt;/i&gt; 1863, and of &lt;i&gt;Musica Silvanica&lt;/i&gt; in 1871.  His first published more independent composition was the 1864 libretto of the opera &lt;i&gt;&amp;#x00c7;ecelia (Ceczelja)&lt;/i&gt;, with text by Pavel Mr&amp;#x00e1;c and based on a folk tale.  In the same vein he later composed a series of &lt;i&gt;Tancy Slvanjci&lt;/i&gt; and chamber music in the Italian style, for the various orchestras where he was a member or director, which however were not published until after his death (by Karol Jelj&amp;#225;n).  The original folk compositions underlying &lt;i&gt;Carmina Silvanica&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Musica Silvanica&lt;/i&gt; are under publication under the auspices of the faculty of music at [[Kasovlja]] University. Married to singer Anna Kovács, known for her renderings of Hungarian and Slevan folk songs, often arranged by her husband.

Literature: Jelj&amp;#225;n, K.: &lt;i&gt;Operje M&amp;#250;zike Martiny Mracy&lt;/i&gt;, Poz&amp;#243;nj 1925.
Dom&amp;#x00ed;c, J.: &lt;i&gt;Folklor i arte &amp;#225;p Martin Mr&amp;#225;c&lt;/i&gt;, Kasovlja  1997.

== Anton Mrác ==

Lived 1863-1954.  Son of Martin Mrác and Anna Kovács, journalist and publisher.  Edited and published the works of his father and uncle in the new {{SLVA}} orthography.  Also active as a translator from Wenedyk and German.

Literature: Valjat&amp;#237;nj, V.: &lt;i&gt;Anton Mr&amp;#225;c, zsurnalist i es&amp;#233;ist&lt;/i&gt;, Kasovlja  1977.

== Karolína Mraca ==
Lived 1862-1959. Daughter of Pavel Mrác and Maria Bozzini, educationalist.  Worked for the improvement of primary education in the RTC as well as in Slevania and Hungary.

Literature: Mraca, K.: &lt;i&gt;Edukacune pru jav&amp;#250;tjev&lt;/i&gt;, Poz&amp;#243;nj 1904;
&lt;i&gt;Spre literat&amp;#250;ra pru jav&amp;#250;tjev&lt;/i&gt;, Poz&amp;#243;nj 1931.


[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:Slevania]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xriwizaj Candra</title>
    <id>751</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32833</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-06T10:57:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Xríwizáj Canðra''' (1757-1828) was a [[Bán̊glá]] philologist, one of the first member of the Kongelige Danske Østindiske Selskab (Royal Danish East Indian Society), and the first professor of [[Sam̃skrytam]] in Frederiksnagore's [[Xryram͂pur University]]. At a young age, he attached himself to westerners and their scholarly pursuits.

In 1804, Xrívizáj Canðra and [[Thordhur Jonsson fra Hvita|Þorður Jónsson frá Hvítá]] compiled a very famous and influential &quot;Lexicon Sanscritum, Latinum, Danicum et Germanicum&quot; which came to set the standard for the [[Xryram͂pur Romanization|Transcription of Indian Writing Systems]] in the scholarly world, especially after [[Paul Thordersen Xwitaw|Paul Thordersen Xwítáw]] edited a &quot;Lexicon Sanscritum, Latinum, Anglicum, Britannicum et Gallicum&quot; companion version, and a &quot;Bengalsk-Rigsmaal og Rigsmaal-Bengalsk Ordbog&quot; which used the system.

In 1818, the year the [[Xryram͂pur University]] was established in Frederiksnagore, Xríwizáj Canðra became its first professor of [[Sam̃skrytam]]. The professorship was awarded in recognition for a long and excellent service to an already mature scholar.

[[Category:Scientists|Candra, Xriwizaj]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Moxisei</title>
    <id>752</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32784</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-06T10:31:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">The '''Moxisei Series''' (If-World) is a popular alternative history series by the author Motosuwa Quirica.  The point of divergence is in the late 19th century.  [[China]] is far weaker, and their Emperor is overthrown in 1892.  [[Japan]] grows into a major military power in the early 20th century, allying with the [[Germany|Holy Roman Empire]] in the [[First Great War]], capturing the [[Russia]]n Far East.  They go on to colonize [[Corea]], taking pieces of [[China]], including all of [[Manchuria]].  At their height, during the Asia-Pacific War, the Greater Japanese Empire includes much of Asian Russia (including [[Chukotka]]), most of northern and central China, [[Alyaska]], [[Oregon]], nearly all of the Pacific and most of southeast Asia.  Their downfall comes when they invade [[Australasia]] and the [[NAL-SLC|NAL]].  They incur the wrath of the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]], and are defeated in a bloody war, involving a massive invasion, and the atom-bombing of several major cities.  The latest novels bring this alternate timeline to the 1970's, and the beginnings of a Japanese Resurgence, as [[Japan]] takes advantage of its position near [[Russia]] (a [[communism|Communist]] nation in this timeline) to strengthen its position vis-a-vis the Commonwealth.  The Imperial House is restored to power, and the Empire reunited.  The series is up to 8 novels.  They've been criticized from some corners as overly nationalistic, and from other corners as excessively ''anti''-nationalistic.  Rumors have popped up from time to time about movies being made from the series, but nothing has happened yet.

[[Category:Books]]
[[Category:Alternate History]]
[[Category:Japan]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Onute Staniszkiene</title>
    <id>753</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32800</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-06T10:43:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Prof. Onute Staniszkiene''' (b. 1949) is the director of the Institute for International Relations of the ''Venedic and Lithuanian Academy of Sciences'' &lt;nowiki&gt;(WiLASz)&lt;/nowiki&gt; and the [[Republic of the Two Crowns|RTC]]'s foremost expert on international policies. As a sociologist, she is best known for her outstanding work on the dynamics of post-[[SNOR|snorist]] societies. Prof. Staniszkiene appears frequently on radio, television and in the press, and is an important advisor to the government in international matters.

Prof. Staniszkiene is half-[[Veneda|Venedic]], half-[[Lithuania]]n. She is married, has no children, and lives in [[Warsina]].

[[Category:Persons from the RTC|Staniszkienie, Onute]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Skuodia</title>
    <id>754</id>
    <revision>
      <id>63333</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-30T23:39:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caeruleancentaur</username>
        <id>197</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Geography */ Capitalization corrrection.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=Koniengestvo Skuodija&lt;br&gt;Principality of Skuodia}}
{{shortname infobox|vernacular=Skuodija|english=Skuodia}} 
{{image infobox|file=Skuodia_flag.gif|caption=State flag of {{PAGENAME}} }}
{{lang2 infobox|official=[[Skuodian]]|others=[[Lithuanian]], Latvian, Yiddish, [[Wenedyk]]}}
{{cities2 infobox|capital=Skuoda (76 000)|other=Liepiet’ieke (34 000), B&amp;auml;lol&amp;auml;se (19 000)}}
{{ruler2 infobox|title=Head of State|name=Prince Timotieje II}}
{{ruler2 infobox|title=Prime Minister|name=Georgij Niesedanuove}}
&lt;!---{{area infobox|area=AREA}}
{{population infobox|population=POPULATION|adjective=ADJECTIVE}}---&gt;
{{independence2 infobox|from=[[Latvia]] and [[Lithuania]]|date=1949}}
&lt;!---{{currency infobox|currency=CURRENCY}}---&gt;
{{organization infobox|organization=[[Baltic League]]}}
{{close infobox}}

==Administration==
===Government===
*Head of State: Prince Timotieje II
*Prime Minister: Georgij Niesedanuove

==History==
Skuodia started to emerge in about the 4th or 5th century AD, when a group of Pomorian Slavs migrated across the Baltic Sea to approximately what is now Skuodia and the adjacent regions of [[Latvia]]. The exact dates of this settlement are unclear, but at least Iordanes mentions certain &lt;i&gt;skodae&lt;/i&gt; in connection with the Goths' 2nd century resettlement southwards. Incidentally, this &lt;i&gt;skodae&lt;/i&gt; is glossed (in Gothic!) as &lt;i&gt;so skaudisko &amp;thorn;iuda&lt;/i&gt;.

Be that as it may, in early 6th century BC we have a German manuscript now kept in the Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, mentioning &lt;i&gt;regio skudorum trans mari Germanico&lt;/i&gt;, whence a certain St. Brendan came to Trier. Apparently Skuodia had some contacts with the rest of Christian Europe, but it was less touched by the turmoil of the time. Skuodian culture of that period is typically compared with [[Ireland]], as it is a peripheral region which has both preserved the Christian heritage and absorbed local culture. The rich literary tradition of Old Skuodian is one of the principal sources for comparative Indo-European and Finno-Ugric mythological studies; however it also provides some invaluable information on early medieval Christian culture.

The principal collection of Old Skuodian documents is situated in the Archives of the [[Archbishopric of Skuoda]] where the chronicles have been kept in line unbroken from 923 AD. In 1772, under an order from Empress [[Catherine II]] of [[Russia]] most of the Archive was transferred to St. Petersburg to the Imperial archives and the documents had been kept at the Hermitage for the past two centuries. In 1993, as an act of goodwill, the government of the [[Russia| Russian Federation]] agreed to surrender those priceless manuscripts back to where they belong. They are now on display at the Skuodian National Museum of History in Krieloske near Skuoda.  These archives include several 10th century records of the Skuodian learned oral tradition, for example the [[Sluovo Guolodoboreskuo]] (‘The Tale of Vladobor’), often seen as Skuodia’s national epic.

The Skuodian realm appears to have encompassed, for a long time, two sides of the Baltic. Pomorian Skuodia was, however, finally crushed by the Germanic onslaught. It can also be hypothesized that the languages of the two parts of the principality would be drifting apart, since that of modern Skuodia would come under extremely strong influence from the Finnic and Baltic tribes over whom the invading Slavs ruled. As a result, Skuodian took its peculiar shape.

The Principality of Skuodia encompassed large territories on the eastern shore of the Baltic, striving to control the Finnic and Baltic majority there. Especially prominent in this respect were the Curs, a Baltic tribe who ravaged the coasts of the Baltic. After the Battle of B&amp;auml;lol&amp;auml;se (1074), where the Skuodians were victorious, Skuodian domination was finally established.

Skuodian was elevated to a high status then, and most of the extant Old Skuodian texts are known from manuscripts of this period. The princely court at Skuoda was an important cultural centre. Famous figures of that time include Danile Konisenike, Aliesandare Guornike and Jovane Pierbiegune, abbot of the Monastery of St. Theophilus.

The splendour of Skuodia came to an end after the wars with the Teutonic and Livonian Orders and subsequently the rise of [[Lithuania]], who controlled Baltic trade through the Daugava and the port of Riga. In 1437 the Skuodians were defeated by the joint forces of [[Lithuania]] and Pskov. By the Treaty of Kaunas, signed the following year, Prince Aliesiej surrendered his sceptre to the Grand Duke of [[Lithuania]]. Skuodian quickly lost its status as an official language and came under strong influence from Lithuanian and subsequently [[Wenedyk]]. This twilight period is known as Middle Skuodian. The monasteries, however, kept the written tradition flickering, and the towns of Skuoda and Liepiet’eke (the latter a [[Hanseatic League| Hansa]] member) made sure the language did not die out completely. The area, however, was diminished, especially in the more northerly regions.

{|align=right
| http://www.geocities.com/flagsofillbethisad/skuodia-arms.gif
|-
|align=center | &lt;small&gt;Skuodia's Coat of Arms&lt;/small&gt;
|}
After the partitions of the [[Republic of the Two Crowns| RTC]], Skuodian territory became divided into two halves: the north went to [[Russia]], and the south remained with [[Lithuania]]. This became in part a trigger for the national revival, which hit Skuodia almost as hard as any other nation in Europe. The [[Russia| Russian]] authorities did not permit much publishing (and talking) in Skuodian, as they had learned to be wary of national revivals, thinking them dangerous and prone to turn into revolutionary movements. On the southern side of the border, however, things went a little better. This period produced such brilliant writers as Markus Jovanuove, Teodore Senivekuove and Aliesandare Potikine, the creators of the modern literary language.

The fortunes were reversed after GW1, as northern Skuodia became part of [[Latvia]] and the southern fell under the dominance of independent Lithuania, where minorities were suppressed. The plight of the Skuodians, like that of the [[Belarus| Belarusians]], was picked up by the [[SNOR]], and after GWII Skuodian independence was reinstitutionalized as the Slavic Republic of Skuodia. It was not until after the collapse of the [[SNOR]] that Skuodia got true independence.

Now the Principality of Skuodia (Koniengestvo Skuodija) is a constitutional monarchy. The current Prince (&lt;i&gt;konienge&lt;/i&gt;) is Timotieje II. His lineage goes right back to the ancient Skuodian princes, and these were, according to legend, called from Denmark. Prince Timotieje can claim lineage from Scef mentioned in &lt;i&gt;Beowulf&lt;/i&gt;.

Skuodia is a lively and vibrant culture. Situated on the ancient crossroads of [[Eastern Europe]], in the Baltic, Skuodia enjoys more than 1 500 years of tolerance, dialogue and exchange. As a member of the [[Baltic League]], Skuodia plays a part in all the developments in the region, and has been termed ‘The [[Jervaine]] of [[Eastern Europe]]’.

==Geography==
Skuodia is delimited by [[Latvia]] (in the north), by [[Lithuania]] ([[RTC]]) in the south, and by the Baltic Sea in the west.
===Map===
http://www.cymraeg.ru/edricson/skuodia.jpg

==Culture==
===Languages===
Languages: Skuodian, Lithuanian, Latvian, Yiddish, Wenedyk

===Religion===
Religions: Roman Catholicism (82%), Romuva (4%), Judaism (5%), Lutheran(3%), Eastern Orthodox (2%)

[[Category:Nations in Europe]]
[[Category:Skuodia|!]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>SNOR</title>
    <id>755</id>
    <revision>
      <id>62129</id>
      <timestamp>2009-09-23T06:32:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jan II.</username>
        <id>21</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* List of SNORist states */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{SNORism}}
'''SNOR''' ('''СНОР = Союз Народного Обновления России''', ''Sojuz Narodnogo Obnovlenija Rossii'', &quot;Union for the National Renewal of Russia&quot;) is the name of the [[Russia|Russian]] political party (annex mass movement) founded in 1923 by the White generals [[Kolchak|Aleksandr Kolchak]], Anton Denikin, Pyotr Vrangel, and Nikolai Yudenich in an attempt to gain popular support for their regime.

The highest body of the SNOR was the so-called &quot;White Council&quot;. It took care of all day-to-day decisions taken by the party, and was responsible for most appointments within and without the party. The White Council enjoyed much more power than the government, and the chairman of the White Council was de facto head of the Russian state; after the death of Czar Aleksei the throne remained vacant and the chairman of the White Council always acted as regent.

[[Image:Russie-snor.PNG|left|]]The program of the SNOR was ardently nationalist. The generals portrayed [[Russia]] as the poor victim of the rich West and announced a huge pay-back to those who had brought misery to Russia. Russia's broken national pride had to be restored by the violent reacquisition of every lost territory and severe punishment of those who were considered guilty. Ultimately, they wanted the Third Rome to become the ruler of a huge territory between the Pacific, the Atlantic, and the Indian Oceans. In their messianic propaganda, the Russian nation had been appointed by God as the saviour of the world. Non-Slavic national minorities on the other hand were considered a serious threat to Russia's national awakening and therefore severely oppressed. 

Another important factor in the SNOR's ideology was Russian Orthodoxy. Even more than the language, it was considered a vital constituent of the Russian national spirit, and as such heavily promoted. The Russian Orthodox Church could highly benefit from this situation and became an ardent supporter of the regime, even though a patriarch had to be killed first to achieve that purpose.

Other elements that played a role in the SNOR ideology, were anti-communism and pan-Slavism. With the decades, this type of Russian or Slavic nationalism became commonly known as &quot;SNORism&quot;.

[[Image:Propaganda2a.jpg|thumb|Early Snorist propaganda poster]]

Under this program, the SNOR ruled Russia with an iron fist until its ultimate fall in the early 1990s. During the decades of its existence, ideological terror had reached its peak under the rule of SNOR leader [[Vissarionov|Iosif Vissarionov]]. After that, ideology had grown less important. From the late sixties onwards, the SNOR became more and more populated with people who completely did not believe in the party's original ideas and used them only as a façade to hide their blind pursuit for their own personal interests. Corruption grew to inconceivable proportions. The government was guided mostly by opportunism and used its own ideology merely as a legimation of its actions.

Despite the fact that the SNOR was dismantled and banned in 1991, former members of it still play an important role in the army, in business, and in national and (particularly) regional politics. Especially in Muscovy, the Uralic republics, and Siberia, nostalgia after the &quot;glorious days&quot; of the SNOR period is a considerable political factor. In the political vacuum that exists today, several post-snorist parties exist, the largest of which is led by a certain Vladimir Zhirinovsky.

==The Second Great War==

[[Image:Snor.jpg|thumb|Countries that had SNORist governments.]]

Following the examples  of ''Ladoga'' (pro-White, later pro-SNOR extremistic party in [[Nassland]] 1920-1940) and ''Sovebodena Ladoga'' (Free Ladoga, SNOR-like party installed by SNOR to &quot;rule&quot; [[Ladogian Republic]] 1924-1940), during the Second Great War and especially in the decades after, parties similar to the SNOR emerged in many [[Eastern Europe|Central and East European]] countries. Most of them, like the ''Slov'jans'ke Bratstvo'' (Slavic Brotherhood, SLOB) in [[Ukraine]], the ''Solveneska Iznovorodena Setarna'' (Slavic Renaissance Party, SIS) in [[Nassland]], and the [[FNLS|Front Nacunale pru Liberacune Slvanje]] (National Front for the Liberation of Slevania, FNLS) in [[Slevania]], had been founded in 1930s or the early 1940s as small, pro-Russian satellite parties that adhered to the SNORist ideology. However, when after the war Russia successfully maintained its dominant position in the countries it had liberated from [[Germany|German]] and [[Hungary|Hungarian]] occupation, many of these parties became the nucleus of new single-party regimes, transforming their countries into Russian puppet states. These SNORist parties were completely obedient and even servile to Russia, although some of them allowed themselves significantly more liberties than others. It should be noted that not every country within the Russian sphere of influence was provided with a SNORist party; some countries, like [[Latvia]] and [[Turkestan]], were ruled by military juntas instead, while for other snorist regimes, like the [[Estonia]]n RUR regime, were founded after Russia took over.

SNORism also had its impact on the arts, in the form of [[National Realism]].

== Origin of the Snorist Emblem ==
[[Image:Proto-snor.png|thumb|The &quot;White Eagles&quot; unit banner]]
No one is certain of the identity of its original designer nor when the SNORist Emblem made its first appearance. A similar though more heraldic looking emblem had been used by one of Kornilov's Shock Troops units (the so called &quot;White Eagles&quot; battalion) during the Russian Civil War. Historians believe that as an elite unit (and one which served on more then one front), this would have given their emblem a high level of recognition and could have incited Kolchak to choose the eagle-and-cross as a symbol both of Russians but also of past martial merits. 

The first official apperance of the Snorist emblem is in annex B of the 1923 Russian Constitution which described the new national hymn and symbols. Unofficially however, the symbol had been in use by White Army troops for some time.

== Life under SNORism ==
Please see [[Life under SNORism]].

== Neo-Snorism ==
Recent years have seen the emergence of a new breed of SNORist enthusiast. Driven by a nostalgia for days they have barely known, groups of young adults in their 20s or 30s have made their presence known in Russian cities during demonstrations in favour of conservative politicians. Sporting large moustaches that bring to mind former Supreme Leader Vissarionov (hence their nickname of [[Usatets]], &quot;that has a moustache&quot;), they have taken to intimidating political opponents and have been linked to some violent incidents.

== List of SNOR leaders ==

The leader of the SNOR was usually referred to as &quot;Supreme Leader of the Russian People&quot;. The following people have worn that title:
*[[Kolchak|Aleksandr Kolchak]] (1923-1937)
*[[Vissarionov|Iosif Vissarionov]] (1937-1958)
*[[Andrei Vlasov]] (1958-1961)
*[[Yevgeni Lipov]] (1961-1971)
*[[Pyotr Popovich]] (1971-1976)
*[[Dmitri Razin]] (1976) ''(acting)''
*[[Dmitri Spiridonov]] (1976-1977)
*[[Porfiri Bogolyubov]] (1977-1984)
*[[Vitali Zeleznev]] (1984-1985)
*[[Gorbachenko|Mikhail Gorbachenko]] (1985-1991)
*Grigori Lyopukhin (1991)

== List of SNORist states ==

The states that existed:

*[[Belarus|Belorussian Tsardom]]
*[[Buganda|State of Buganda]] (1937-1942)
*[[Courlandian State]] (1947-1948 - merged into Latvia)
*[[Crimea|Crimean State]]
*[[Ghazi I|Hashemite Kingdom of Iraaq]] (1935-1939)
*[[Hungary|Hungarian State]]
*[[Ladogian Republic]] (1921-1940 - merged into Nassina, in 1948 back to Russia)
*[[Latvia|Latvian State]] (1948-1989)
*[[Lithuania|Lithuanian State]] (1947-1949)
*[[Liv State]] (?)
*[[Livonian State]] (1947-1948 - merged into Latvia)
*[[Moldova|Moldovan State]]
*[[Muntenia|Muntenian State]]
*[[Nassia|Slavic State of Nassland]] (1940-1948)
*[[Oltenia|Oltenian State]]
*[[Russia|Russian Empire]]
*[[Karpatia#History|Rusyn State]] (1848-1849 - joined RTC in a referendum)
*[[Skuodia|Skuodian State]]
*[[Slevania|Slevan state]]
*[[Ruhnu|Swedish State]] (?)
*[[Turkestan|National Union of Turkestan]]
*[[Ukraine|Ukrainian Tsardom]] (later [[Malorussia|Malorussian Tsardom]])
*[[Uyguristan|State of Uyguristan]]
*[[Veneda|Grand Duchy of Veneda]] (1948-1949)

The states that were planned but never established:

*[[Curonian State]]
*[[Czechoslavia|Czechoslavian State]]
*[[German State]]
*[[Prussian State]]
*[[Saxon State]]

==SNORist Legacy==

Not only did SNOR leave a mark on the face of Europe and Russia, but it was also evidenced &quot;Far From The S.N.O.R.&quot; by the [[Kemr]]ese group, [[NoMoreEagleZ]].
''
:'''F'''lew in from Virginia Beach, [[BOAC]]
:Didn't get to bed last night
:Oh, the way the paper bag was on my knee
:Man, I had a dreadful flight
:I'm back with the S.N.O.R.
:You don't know how lucky you are, boy
:Back with the S.N.O.R., yeah


:'''B'''een away so long I hardly knew the place
:Gee, it's good to be back home
:Leave it till tomorrow to unpack my case
:Honey disconnect the phone
:I'm back with the S.N.O.R.
:You don't know how lucky you are, boy
:Back with the S.N.
:Back with the S.N.
:Back with the S.N.O.R.


:'''W'''ell the Petrograd girls really knock me out
:They leave the west behind
:And Moscow girls make me sing and shout
:And Vozgia's always on my my my my my my my my my mind
:Oh, come on
:Hu Hey Hu, hey, ah, yeah
:yeah, yeah, yeah
:I'm back with the S.N.O.R.
:You don't know how lucky you are, boys
:Back with the S.N.O.R.


:'''W'''ell the Petrograd girls really knock me out
:They leave the west behind
:And Moscow girls make me sing and shout
:And [[Vozgian Republic|Vozgia]]'s always on my my my my my my my my my mind


:'''O'''h, show me round your snow peaked
:mountain way down south
:Take me to you daddy's farm
:Let me hear you balalaika's ringing out
:Come and keep your comrade warm
:I'm back with the S.N.O.R.
:Hey, You don't know how lucky you are, boy
:Back with the S.N.O.R.
:Oh, let me tell you honey ... ''

The SNOR also became the focal point of a mass youth protest movement, especially in the 1970s and 80s in the [[North American League]] and elsewhere.  The [[Anti-Snorist Movement]] was a rebellion against the &quot;old zones of thought&quot; including hereditary monarchies and ''realpolitik''.  Its anthem in many ways was the song &quot;Far From the S.N.O.R.&quot; by the group [[NoMoreEagleZ]].

[[Category:Government]]
[[Category:Russia]]
[[Category:Political ideologies]]
[[Category:Political Parties]]
[[Category:Snorism]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jervaine</title>
    <id>756</id>
    <revision>
      <id>58172</id>
      <timestamp>2009-03-09T22:08:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Transportation */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=Audun Ringun Jerwaena (Jovian)&lt;br&gt;Hochkönigreich Jerwanien (German)&lt;br&gt;L'Haut-Royaume de Jervaine (Francien)&lt;br&gt;High Kingdom of Jervaine (English)&lt;br&gt;}}
{{image infobox|file=Jervanflag.jpg|caption=Flag of {{PAGENAME}} }}
{{motto infobox|motto=Pergatur Cultura}}
{{lang2 infobox|official=[[Jovian]], [[German]], [[Francien]]|others=[[Jelbazech|Helvetian]], [[Luxemburgish]]}}
{{cities infobox|capital=Reondradun (Rendrade, Strasbourg)|largest=Reondradun|other=Argliover (Freiburg), Meitte (Metz), Muelusun (Mulhouse), Coumbaera (Colmar)}}
{{ruler2 infobox|title=High King|name=Vaendine II.}}
{{ruler2 infobox|title=Prime Minister|name=Susanna Ivauma}}
{{area infobox|area=19'415 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;}}
{{population infobox|population=4.014 million|adjective= }}
{{independece infobox|from=HRE|declared=1949|recognized=1949}}
{{currency infobox|currency=1 Crona = 20 Soedi = 240 Pfeinges ([[European_Federation_Currency|EF]])}}
{{organization infobox|organization=Juzigun Eorobé jon Dricti Huwani (JEDH)}}
{{close infobox}}
The '''High Kingdom of Jervaine''' is a small proud nation in the heart of Europe, known for its wealth, diplomacy, hearty cuisine and fine wine.  It comprises the three provinces '''Ausaedsa''' (Alsace), '''Siovadra''' (Black Forest) and '''Moseola''' (Moselle), the latter two of which enjoy a condominium status with the [[Germany|Holy Roman Empire]] and [[France]], respectively.

Originally split off the crumbling [[Roman Empire]], the kingdom has endured several Germanic mass migrations and has been passed to and fro between French and German empires.  Nevertheless, its unique High Romance language known as [[Jovian]] gave the people a sense of unity and identity even when foreign flags flew on their castles.

Being land-locked, Jervaine never colonized other terrains, but through its large-scale business agreements with [[Batavian Kingdom|Batavian]] colonial shipping acquired significant amounts of real estate in Seilon ([[Ceylon]]), where the Soectade Audraele Té ed Cofé (SATEC, High-Royal Tea and Coffee Company) is based.

The picturesque villages, idyllic countrysides, snowy mountains and culinary delights make the High Kingdom a popular tourist destination.
==Administration==
===Government===
The High Kingdom of Jervaine is a federalistic constitutional monarchy. The national parliament is divided into a house of commons and a house of nobles.  The bulk of political power lies in the former, whereas only the latter have the priviledge to elect the High King.  The executive is a septumvirate elected by the two houses.  The Audu Ric himself has more of a representative than a ruling role nowadays, but can wield considerable influence on public opinion given a charismatic personality.
===Administrative Divisions===
The federal levels of organizations below the High Kingdom are the ''provingae'' (provinces), ''pahi'' (districts) and ''logaeldades'' (townships).  Each such entity has a parliament and an executive council.  The nobility also appoints local leaders for each entity, with no appreciable political power.

Here is a quick overview of the three provinces of Jervaine.

{|cellpadding=5|
| '''Province''' || '''Area [km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;]''' || '''Pop. [10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;]''' || '''Cities (Pop.)'''
|-
| Ausaedsa (Alsace) || 8'332 || 1'747 || Reondradun (427), Muelusun (234)
|- 
| Siovadra (Black Forest) || 4'867 || 1'224 || Argliover (210)
|-
| Moseola (Moselle) || 6'216 || 1'023 || Meitte (323)
|}

The Jovian-speaking minority in [[Ceylon]] is not officially a part of the High Kingdom, but often informally referred to as ''ja Coloenul'', the Little Colony.
==History==
The earliest ancestor of the Jervan nation is the ancient [[Roman_Empire|Roman]] province Germania Superior, whence the name is derived.  Already towards the end of the third century AD, the local [[Roman_Empire|Roman]] prefects began to feel less and less obliged to the waning Empire, and de facto ruled as kings.  Three prefects in particular are noteworthy for their unhumble opinion that Germania Superior was the ark in which the culture and civilization of [[Roman_Empire|Rome]] was to be perpetuated as the Empire fell.  They insisted that their courts speak proper [[Roman_Empire|Roman]], i.e. Classical rather than Vulgar Latin, or as Prefect [[Rodericus II.]] famously put it, the language of Jove rather than of the cattle (''lingua jovis nec bovis''), hence the name [[Jovian]].  Many Classical features quickly trickled from the nobility down to the citizens and peasants.
&lt;!--
In the fourth century, blablabla...
--&gt;

During the Hundred Years War the High King of Jervaine allied with the French King against the Dukes of Burgundy, a threat to the western borders of Jervaine and the English King, quickly counterbalancing the Anglo-Burgundian alliance.

==Geography==
[[Image:jervaine_map.jpg]]
===Borders===
West: Voscu (Vosges) mountain range &lt;br&gt;
East: Siovader (Black Forest) mountain range
==Economy==
Caesar described the land as ''optimus totius Galliae'', and Louis XIV. exclaimed &quot;Quel beau jardin!&quot; upon acquiring it.  The High Kingdom has been known as fertile and prosperous throughout history, and even nowadays, its gross social product per capita is only matched by spoilt city-states like Monaco. ;o) 

The most well-known Jervan exports are fine wines, beer, educated professionals and the High-Royal Tea and Coffee Company, '''SATEC''', whose products and overpriced but popular cafés can be found all around the globe.  Similarly, the '''Niorul''' food corporation has its fingers in many a distant country, but is primarily known for the invention of instant coffee.  The trademark ''Niocafé'' is often heard as a generic term for instant coffee.  

Another of Jervaine's hallmark industries is the movie business.  A respectable volume of motion pictures, both experimental and high-budget mainstream, is produced in the High Kingdom every year.  The national broadcasting company, [[VoJo]], and several movie studios are located in a suburb of Muelausun, ''Siovilge'' (&quot;holly forest&quot;), which has become synonymous with Jervan moviemaking.

Tourism is a lucrative business in Jervaine, too.

{|
|[[Image:Logo_TetC.png]] || [[Image:Logo_Niorul.jpeg]] 
|-
|Logo of the '''SATEC''' cafés. The slogan may vary. (I'm thinking of fitting a crown somewhere in that doodle...) || The omnipresent logo of the '''Niorul''' food corporation. [[Nestle Trademark|(Disclaimer)]]
|}
{|
|[[Image:Logo_Aegel_Jerwanu.png]]
|-
| The Aegel Jerwanu, official mascot of the Jervan tourism administration. Note the uncanny resemblance of the black outline to the geographical shape of the High Kingdom.
|} 

===Transportation===
Jervaine features a close-knit system of public transportation using buses, ferries and the High-Royal Railway.  Reondradun is reachable by high-speed train from Mannheim and Basel (ICE) and Paris (TGV).  Reondradun is also home to the headquarters of [[Aumaetruc, S. A.]], a company which maintains industrial facilities constructing and developing railway improvements throughout Europe and the world.

The national airlines, the [[Alae Joevae]] or Jovian Wings, enjoy an image of high comfort and retro-style class...  and correspondingly high fares, of course.

{|
|[[Image:Logo_Traenaerun.png]] || [[Image:Logo_alae.png]]
|-
|Logo of the High-Royal Railway, '''Audraele Traenaerun'''. ||
Logo of the High-Royal Airlines, [[Alae Joevae]].
|}

==Culture==

===Languages===
''&quot;Nationis lingua sanguis eius&quot;'', as the saying goes.  The unifying heritage and pride of the Jervan people is their proper language, [[Jovian]].  [[German]] and [[Francien]] are strong second languages in ''Siovadra'' and ''Moseola'', respectively.
===Religions===
I'll need to make up a Jervan reformer to translate the Bible into Jovian.  I'd say some 40% each of the population are Catholic and Protestant, respectively, with maybe a 10% Humanist minority.  Regardless of my own ties to Humanism, Strasbourg seems a fitting setting for an organized Humanist movement, human rights court and all.  ;)
===Cuisine===
The enjoyment of food and drink is one of the most imporant aspects of the ''art de vivre'' in the High Kingdom, as is evidenced in the long list of internationally popular Jervan specialties.  Typical dishes include ''cuehel lodranun'' (quiche lorraine), ''cuehul on miorvels'' (Mirabelle pie), ''cuehel flammadun'' (flammekueche), ''caulaecta'' (sauerkraut), and ''gaulu mou uenaeru'' (chicken in Riesling).  

The Jervan vineyards bring forth world-class white wines such as Flingosa (Riesling), Muscadun (Muscatel) and Trawinun (Traminer), as well as some rosés and few reds.  Furthermore, several brands of beers are brewed and liquors distilled.  Wine, beer and liquor feature are featured prominently in the ingredient lists of many local dishes and deserts.  The traditional Roman ''meidun'', diluted and honey-sweetened wine, and its more modern sibling ''sambuegun'' with elder-flower syrup, make refreshing summer drinks. 

Finally, the High Kingdom entertains a rich coffee culture.  A large variety of styles and sizes of the black gold is offered in any of the multitudinous cafés.  Order an ''aubu'' if you like latte macchiato, ''carwel'' if you're into caramel, ''ambrettu'' for amaretto and ''blatse'' for a shot of pomace brandy.

The unique Jervan product [[BioCola]] falls into the fuzzy area between soft drinks, new age medicine and drug abuse.
===Music &amp; Dance===
Among the many native and imported music styles heard in the High Kingdom, Argentine [[Tango]] deserves special mention. Dancing [[tango]] is such a popular and well-practiced hobby here that many Jervans believe the Argentine stole it from them. The most prevalent style is Orillero, whereas Milonguero is commonly regarded as limiting and unaesthetic, and formulaic by-the-book Parisian-style tango as the ultimate sin.

==See also==
Jovian language: http://www.cinga.ch/langmaking/jovian.htm

[[Category:Nations in Europe]]
[[Category:Condominium]]
[[Category:Jervaine]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Baltic States</title>
    <id>757</id>
    <revision>
      <id>11802</id>
      <timestamp>2005-05-30T11:51:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Baltic States''' is a non-political term used as a collective name for a small number of states along the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea that have a lot in common historically and culturally, although not necessarily linguistically. &lt;nowiki&gt;*Here*&lt;/nowiki&gt;, the Baltic States are Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. *There*, the term is used for [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]] and [[Skuodia]] instead. [[Lithuania]], being part of the [[Republic of the Two Crowns|RTC]], is usually not included, [[Nassland]] sometimes is.

[[Category:Europe]]
[[Category:Geographical Regions]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Terry Pratchett</title>
    <id>758</id>
    <revision>
      <id>23767</id>
      <timestamp>2005-12-17T05:07:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Pratchett's first published work was the short story &quot;The Hades Business&quot;, published in his school magazine when he was 13, and subsequently reprinted in Science Fantasy magazine in 1961, for which he was paid £14. His second published work was &quot;Night Dweller&quot;, which appeared in New Worlds magazine, issue 156 in November 1965.

On leaving school in 1965, he gained employment as a local newspaper journalist on the Bucks Free Press (&quot;I started work one morning and saw my first body three hours later, 'on-the-job training' meaning something in those days&quot;).

It was during his time as a journalist that he was sent to interview Peter Bander van Duren, a co-director of a small publishing company in Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, Colin Smythe Limited, about a new book the company was publishing and Pratchett happened to mention that he'd written a novel of his own, The Carpet People. The rest is history...

In 1980, he became Press Officer for the Central Electricity Generating Board in an area which covered several nuclear power stations; he later joked that he had demonstrated impeccable timing by making this career change so soon after the Three Mile Island nuclear accident in the [[NAL-SLC|NAL]].

He gave up his work for the CEGB in 1987 when he realised he was earning several times as much money from his occasional writing; this allowed him to increase his output and he now typically writes two books in most years. It has been estimated that 1% of all fiction books sold in the [[Federated Kingdoms]] are written by Pratchett, although this was calculated before the success of J. K. Rowling's books.

He was awarded the Order of the Federated Kingdoms in 1998 for services to literature. Typically, his own tongue-in-cheek comment was &quot;I suspect the 'services to literature' consisted of refraining from trying to write any.&quot;  As he tells all his readers, he loves Banana Daquiris.

[[Category:Authors|Pratchett]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Eugenio Roddenberry</title>
    <id>759</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41531</id>
      <timestamp>2006-08-29T03:25:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Eugenio Roddenberry''' was born in El Paso, [[Tejas]] in August 19, 1931.  He married his wife, [[Majel Lee Hudec Roddenberry]] who was born in Cuyahoga, [[Aquanishuonigy]].  Relocating to [[Les Plaines]], and later to [[Osage]], [[Louisianne]], Roddenberry's books, ''Le Voyage aux Étoilles'' series was highly popular in Louisianne.  This series of books has been rumored to be the reason for [[Empress Gacudai]] of [[Japan]]'s support of a space effort.

With the advent of the space race, the rights were sold by Majel Lee Hudec Roddenberry to a [[NAL-SLC|NALian]] network for development into '[[Space Voyage 2245]]'.  As Space Voyage 2245 has become quite the fruitful series, Mme. Roddenberry has brought to light other manuscripts of her late husband for posthumous publication and televising.  Some of Mr. Roddenberry's unpublished works have been used in the development of [[Mariner]], the spin-off of SV2245.

[[Category:Authors|Roddenberry, Eugenio]]
[[Category:SV2245|Roddenberry, Eugenio]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Space Voyage 2245</title>
    <id>760</id>
    <revision>
      <id>63230</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-09T23:48:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Cast */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">In 2245 the [[Space Condominium]] is well established; The Kings of the Universe have given their mandate to a stellar fleet charged with exploration, contact and increasing the peaceable Space Condominium.  These Ships of their Universal Majesties sail the stars to fulfill this goal.

The Starmada takes seriously this goal, and is most pleased with their flagship, the &lt;i&gt;Ship of their Universal Majesties Vanguard&lt;/i&gt;.  This series is the story of the SCC-1314, the SUM Vanguard, her crew, and their voyage through the stars.  As is said so clearly by Captain Ellen Spitzer at the start of the first episode: 

''Space is the last great untamed and unexplored expanse. This is the record of the travels of the SUM Vanguard, as we fulfill our mandate from the Kings of the Universe.  Our continuing charge of peace from the [[Space Condominium]] is four-fold:  To explore fantastic and pristine planets, to search for examples of life heretofore unknown, to welcome new cultures to participate in the Great Condominium, and to travel fearlessly where none have trod before!''

The response to this series both in the [[NAL-SLC|North American League]] and other neighboring countries has been so great that they're already filming a movie, [[Invasion of the Zmorite Horde|Space Voyage 2245: Invasion of the Zmorite Horde]].  Season Two was to begin shooting a month after the movie wrapped, however, response was so great they filmed Season Two in tandem with the Movie, making the release of the Movie to now coincide with the hiatus between Seasons Two and Three.


= Cast =

The Vanguard Crew are as follows: 

{| {{prettytable}} cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 width=450
|- bgcolor=#cccccc 
! Actor !! Character !! S1 !! S2 !! S3 !! S4 !! S5 !! S6 !! S7
|-
|Agnetha Norbin|{{r}} Pilot [[Marie Bouc]] |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X  |{{r}}
|-
|Jonas Hagman|{{r}} Chief Medical Officer [[Hans-Philip Rasmussen]] |{{r}} X  |{{r}} X  |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X 
|-
|Akika Takeshita|{{r}} Science Officer [[Aquico Yamamoto]] |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}}
|-
|Gil (Gwilliam) Coppinger|{{r}} Engineer [[Jimmy Dohan|James &quot;Jimmy&quot; Dohan]] |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X 
|-
|Anton Slewanik|{{r}} Morale Officer [[Zowan Kryszkot]] |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X
|-
|[[Majel Lee Hudec Roddenberry|Madgelle Bourgogne]]|{{r}} Captain [[Ellen Spitzer]] |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X
|-
|[[Alexander Rickman]]|{{r}} [[Mistelsbog]] |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X
|-
|[[Ulla Holmqvist]]|{{r}} [[Birgit Vasasdotter]] |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X
|-
|Louise Beaulieu|{{r}} Dr. [[Ssaqueanyal]] |{{r}} |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X  |{{r}}
|-
| Rolf Laſsgoerd|{{r}} Dr. [[Birko Lundgren]] |{{r}}  |{{r}}  |{{r}} |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}}
|-
| |{{r}} Xu Ai Nu |{{r}} |{{r}} |{{r}} |{{r}} |{{r}} X |{{r}} |{{r}}
|-
| George LaFarge |{{r}} Chief Engineer Martyn Burton  |{{r}} |{{r}} |{{r}} |{{r}} |{{r}}   |{{r}} |{{r}} X 
|-
| Kira de Boer   |{{r}} Pilot First-Class Nenette Cherisse |{{r}} |{{r}} |{{r}} |{{r}} |{{r}}  |{{r}} |{{r}} X 
|-
| Miles Meanaugh |{{r}} Chief Scientist Colim O'Briain  |{{r}} |{{r}} |{{r}} |{{r}} |{{r}}  |{{r}} |{{r}} X 
|-
|- bgcolor=green
! colspan=&quot;12&quot; | &lt;font color=white&gt;Regular Guests&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| Aaron de Vrees |{{r}} Kisquilo (Quill) |{{r}} X  |{{r}} |{{r}} |{{r}} |{{r}} |{{r}}  |{{r}} |{{r}} 
|-
| Rolf Laſsgoerd|{{r}} Dr. [[Birko Lundgren]] |{{r}} X |{{r}}  |{{r}} |{{r}}  |{{r}}  |{{r}}  |{{r}}
|-
|}

== Dramatis Personnae ==

=== Protagonists ===
====Races====
* '''Aqueans''': Natives of Oceanea.  On their homeworld, they had never evolved beyond a stone-age level of technology until their contact with humans.  They are a hairless race, with webbed feet and hands, and are pacifists, divided into hundreds of small tribes who keep to themselves for the most part.  They enthusiastically adopted human technology, and eagerly joined the Condominium.  They are a highly intelligent race, and possess an insatiable curiosity.  A disproportionate number of the Condominium's top scientists are Aqueans.
* '''Humans''':  All beings descended from Earth.  Some humans look poorly on those groups that left Earth and bio-engineered themselves away from the Earth &quot;norm&quot;.  For the concerns of the Space Condominium, they are all considered human if they share the 23 chromosome pairs, or did, at some point in their evolution.
* '''Sagittarians''': A bipedal marsupial race, the Sagittarians are Earth's closest allies.  Sharing a mammalian unity, the Sagittarians have co-settled a number of worlds with the humans, and get along without any bias.
* '''Yrgoans''': An elder bipedal race, many humans would feel them to be elvish, with pointy ears and tall and slender statures.  They often dismiss the humans as callous and foolhardy.  The are allied with the Sagittarians and Humans, but have been known to withdraw into their own space when they feel that the Humans and other races have &quot;muddied the waters&quot; too much.  Ages ago, they renounced war and sought a life of logic and contemplation.  They are often derogatorily called Worms because their blood is based on [[Wikipedia:Hemerythrin|hemerythrin]], something which some Terran worm species use for oxygen transport.

====Characters====

* '''Captain [[Ellen Spitzer]]''': Commanding Officer of the ''Vanguard''.  Has a propensity to sleep with every alien prince and slave-boy.  This is, of course  not shown, as SV2245 is a family show.  Captain Spitzer hails from [[Les Plaines]] in the [[NAL-SLC|NAL/SLC]].
* '''Pilot First-Class [[Marie Bouc]]''': Chief pilot of the ''Vanguard''.  A [[France|French]] woman from Lyon.  Known for her sarcastic wit, and cutting assessment of the situation at the start of every episode.
* '''Chief Medical Officer [[Hans-Philip Rasmussen]]''': A very animated doctor who marvels at every newly discovered race, animal, plant or even prion.  He often becomes so entrenched in medical diatribe that the other characters have to call him back.
* '''Chief Scientist [[Aquico Yamamoto]]''': Stoic [[Buddhism|buddhist]] from the [[Japan|Japanese]] colony of Edo. (until Season Five)
* '''Chief Engineer [[Jimmy Dohan|James &quot;Jimmy&quot; Dohan]]''': An [[Scotland|Scotchman]] known for his exaggeration of repairs in non-critical situations and his miraculous completion of repairs in just enough time to save the ship and crew.  Jimmy's often referred to as a Magician.
* '''Chief Watchman [[Birgit Vasasdotter]]''': a Scandinavian who oversees all security efforts aboard the Vanguard.
* '''Morale Officer [[Zowan Kryszkot]]''': A witty comic, Zowan doubles as ship's cook, cracking jokes and often falling into various events of physical comedy.
* '''[[Mistelsbog]]''': an Appraiser from the Yrgoans (played by [[Alexander Rickman]]).  He joins the crew in episode 2, and spends the better part of every succeding episode decrying everything the crew does and generally muttering, &quot;That is illogical.&quot;  By the end of Season Two he seems resigned to his fate.
* '''Dr. [[Ssaqueanyal]]''' [[Mira Eklund]] : (Season Three) An Aquean scientist who was held hostage by the Zmorites for a time.  Upon her escape she joined the crew of the Vanguard.  It is Dr. Ssaqueanyal that declares the death of a patient, as her Aquean senses help her sense when the life-force leaves a body.  Her &quot;catch-phrase&quot; among ''Voyagers'' is &quot;His soul has left, Cap'n&quot; or &quot;Her soul has left, Cap'n&quot;.
* '''Dr. Birko Lundgren''' [[Rolf Laſsgoerd]]: (Season Four) Joins the crew after the destruction of the the Lundgren Institute on Hoppas VII.
* '''Xu Ai Nu''' (Season Five): The lone survivor of a ship attacked by the Assassins.  &quot;Ainu&quot; (as he's called) has fleeting moments of consciousness, but they are increasing as he recovers from his injuries...but who he is and why the Assassins grabbed him in the first place are mysteries.


* '''Chief Engineer [[Martyn Burton]]''', the night shift Chief Engineer who moves to replace Jimmy.  (Portrayed by [[George LaFarge]])
* '''Pilot First-Class [[Nenette Cherisse]]''', a recent transfer from the S.U.M. Castreleon, an [[Arvorec]] citizen, one of the few serving in the Starmada.  (Portrayed by [[Kira de Boer]])
* '''Chief Scientist [[Colim O'Briain]]''', replacing Aquico Yamamoto.  O'Briain joined Starmada after years of experience with [[Solas Teoranta]] and her daughter corporations.  (Portrayed by [[Miles Meanaugh]])

=== Antagonists ===

Races:
*'''Assassins''':  The as-yet unseen threat facing the whole of the Space Condominium and space at large.
*'''Assessors''': Sable-robed entities that appear and disappear at will, possessing powers that could be called god-like, but are more often used to direct the affairs of the galaxy to their own ends, along a plan that they have not disclosed.
*'''Beshree''':  An enigmatic race with power to control the thoughts of humans.  While they seem good intentioned their requests and efforts often lead to pain for humankind.  Their true intentions have yet to be unmasked, but their presence seems guaranteed on the galactic stage.
*'''Calgon''': A Space Warrior Race who has always taken affront in their interactions with the Space Condominium.
*'''Dzhirona''': Space Nomads, foragers and hunter gatherers, like the Roma of Earth.  Their homes are asteroids.  They have no qualms in invading other race's planets, stations and spaceships, even crashing their own asteroids if there is need to aid them in attaining their desired forage.
*'''Monfareen''': A deeply religious race, the Monfereen feel their onus is to proselytize the universe at large.  They maintain only one star system, but are seen as a marauding cult, as they kill all who refuse their form of enlightenment.  Because of this, they are barred landing rights at every planet and space station within the Space Condominium.  They have, for some reason, accepted Radu Normandie as their Messiah figure.
*'''Plasmoids''': A genetically degenerate race, the Plasmoids travel space in their  obviously artificial hexoid ships, raiding ships, seeking genetic material to compliment their own.  Often they will kill ship's entire complements to scavenge only the smallest strands of DNA.  The have had debacles with the Vanguard, but it is feared, the worst is yet to come.
*'''Queliqot''': An insectoid race.  It is difficult to classify them as Antagonists, ''per se'', rather, they are belligerent in protecting their perceived territory, but are not expansionist at this stage of their existence.  They currently maintain a region of roughly 15 stars.
*'''Safloans''': A sister race to the Yrgoans, the Safloans have spent millennia circling the galaxy, joining the side of the &quot;oppressed&quot;, more often causing harm than good.
*'''Zeniaks''': A combination biological and nano-mechanical beings, the Zeniak are incapable of sexual reproduction.  Maintaining a growing empire of 30 star systems, they are feared throughout the galaxy, as they often travel in &quot;Press Gangs&quot;, injecting their nano-mechanics, which gradually take over the mind of the person, bringing them into the &quot;Fold&quot;.
*'''Zmorites''': A violent warmongering race from beyond this galaxy, the Zmorite ares on a crusade to achieve racial hegemony of the entire universe. The typical member of this race appears as a 7 feet tall humanoid with bushy eyebrows &amp; mustache and large fang jutting out from its lower jaw. The Zmorite normally wear a long coat and conical hat made out of the hairs or fur of their defeated foes. According to rumour, common past-time include drinking fermented liquids (of any source) and juggling babies over a fire.

=== Other Races ===
Not all races can be classified simply as protagonist or antagonist
*[[R'Zikk]]:  A widespread, ancient and private race of beings who breathe methane.  Hideous to human eyes, they are said to be extremely wise with technology far beyond our ken.  Legend has it their lifespans last for centuries, perhaps millennia.  They are willing to trade with others, usually raw materials, but the most valuable coin they possess is &lt;u&gt;knowledge&lt;/u&gt;.  Yet their prices for that are often high, or baffling, or both.
*Ulgween: A minority species on Sagittaria, the Ulgween have long been oppressed, considered by the ruling species as merely smart animals.  Most Ulgween are resigned to their status, but a revolutionary movement exists among some.

= Television Series =

To watch the pilot credits, [http://www.geocities.com/leclermontois/sv2245.wmv Click Here]

Space Voyage 2245 has completed filming of the seven seasons.  The Second Season began airing 3 months after the First Season concluded due to the popularity of the show.  The second season was filmed during pre-production and filming of the movie, &quot;Invasion of the Zmorite Horde.&quot;

Season Synopses:

* [[Space Voyage 2245 Season One|Season One]]
* [[Space Voyage 2245 Season Two|Season Two]]
* [[Space Voyage 2245 Season Three|Season Three]]
* [[Space Voyage 2245 Season Four|Season Four]]
* [[Space Voyage 2245 Season Five|Season Five]] 
* [[Space Voyage 2245 Season Six|Season Six]] 
* [[Space Voyage 2245 Season Seven|Season Seven]] *in production*

== Uniforms and Props ==

=== Badges ===

[[Image:Starmada-badge.png]]

===Captain and Senior Crew===
Production documents have been released showing the inital sketches for the Captain's uniform.

[[Image:Starmada-personnel2.png]]

=== Staff Officers ===

[[Image:Starmada-personnel1.png]]

===Crew Uniforms===
Crew Uniforms appear as follows on the show:

[[Image:Starmada-personnel.png]]

===Space Suits===
The following are space suits used throughout the series:

[[File:Sv2245spacesuits.jpg]]

===Mistelsbog's Uniform===
As part of the Appraisers, Mistelsbog carries a Starmada Rank (Commander), but is not referred to by his rank.  Part of his uniform includes the ''aristak'', the veil with which he veils himself from time to time in reverence and awe, and also anger.

[[File:Mistelspok.jpg]]

===Weapons===
Initial appearance of the weapons on the show are as follows:

[[File:Ppistol.GIF]]
=== Spin Offs ===

Space Voyage 2245 spun off a new series, [[Mariner]] at the beginning of Season Four.  The initial success of Space Voyage 2245 and Mariner incited a spin-off, [[Outpost Space Seed]] at the transition from Season Six to Season Seven.

== Rumours of Series Finale ==

Rumours have arisen suggesting that the season finale for Season Five is in fact the Series Finale, but this was denied by the production company.  It later came to light that this was nearly true, however popular demand for the series kept it alive through the sixth season.  Waning interest has caused a re-tooling of the show for the seventh season, with the departure of some of the main crew to the new series of Outpost Space Seed, and new faces to help maintain interest in the crew.

= Movies =
The following movies have been produced, or are in production for [[Space Voyage 2245]]:

# [[Invasion of the Zmorite Horde]] &lt;i&gt;Released, 2005.&lt;/i&gt; [http://www.geocities.com/leclermontois/zmorite.wmv Teaser Trailer]
&lt;small&gt; Notabene: These will require the use of the latest release of Windows Media Player. &lt;/small&gt;

=Graphic Novels=

''For more specific information see [[Space Voyage 2245 (Graphic Novels)]].''

[[Bandes Dessinées Trois-Rivières]] has been granted the rights to create a series of graphic novels based on the television series.  According to early production estimates, the first graphic novel should hit the stands some time in 2010.

=Public Reaction=
Noted sociologist Cannon Hamaquer of the Université Ursuline in [[Baton Rouge]] has spoken somewhat extensively on the universe of Space Voyage 2245 and the derivative works.  The following quote is from a sociology paper submitted to Science in 2006 on the subject of gender roles in television.

&lt;blockquote&gt;It seems that the society of space exploration has mostly women in command and piloting roles, and men generally foot soldiers, and in some of the more brawny roles.  An example is how stable Captain Spitzer is portrayed, compared with Commander Radu Normandie, or Prime Minister Oskarsen.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

It seems that the writers and producers of the series don't feel that the males of our species are capable of caring for an expensive piece of machinery or acting as the mouthpiece to alien nations.  Women are portrayed as more capable in the high-speed warfare of space, when the opportunity presents, and the cool heads in diplomacy.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

Either the writers and producers have a strongly misandristic bent, or they are deliberately placing the typical gender roles of our societies in question, asking us to re-evaluate ourselves from the ground up.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==External Websites==

*[http://www.starmadacomics.com Space Voyage 2245]

[[Category:Television]]
[[Category:Movies]]
[[Category:SV2245|*]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Invasion of the Zmorite Horde</title>
    <id>762</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28271</id>
      <timestamp>2006-01-20T00:31:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">&quot;Doctor &lt;nowiki&gt;McPherron&lt;/nowiki&gt;!  Look at this inscription!&quot;

The aging doctor trudged through the underbrush that choked the ancient temple.  As he drew near the pillar, he shaded his eyes from the sunset and looked eagerly at the statue.

His shaky voice filled the vicinity, accompanied by chirping insect life.

&quot;&lt;i&gt;The cloud that blocked out the stars had grown larger and larger every night.  At dawn we realized it was not a cloud.  It was the Zmorite Horde!  Long-fabled, these killing beasts descended on Agathea, ripping up the landscape, clearing out all life, nearly.  It's a miracle we survived as long as we did.  Life is returning...but our civilization is lost.  Know that the Zmorite Horde are unstoppable.  They will come.  They always come...&lt;/i&gt;&quot;

&quot;How old is this?&quot; the assistant asked.

&quot;Over two thousand years old, Ferko.&quot;  The doctor looked to the stars.  There was the dark circle in the sky, larger than before, eclipsing Betelgeuse.  He pointed to the sky.  &quot;Let's just hope that a ship from the Starmada gets here in time to evacuate us.&quot;

-------------

Thus begins the movie, [[Space Voyage 2245]]: Invasion of the Zmorite Horde.

Currently in Pre-Production, shooting is expected to start late this year and a release set for summer of 2006.  The Saint-Julien Studios has announced that the teaser trailer will be released in time for the Christmas movie season. 

Among the cast is renowned [[Ricardo Montalban]] filling the role of Kmora Xikra Nooniachev, Khan of the Zmorite Horde.


{|align=center border=1 cellpadding=3 style=&quot;background:#eeeeee&quot;
|align=center width=30% | Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Space Voyage 2245 Season Two|Season Two]]'''
|align=center width=40% | '''[[Space_Voyage_2245#Television_Series|Space Voyage 2245 Seasons]]'''
|align=center width=30% | Followed by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Space Voyage 2245 Season Three|Season Three]]'''
|}

[[Category:Movies]]
[[Category:SV2245]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ricardo Montalban</title>
    <id>763</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26234</id>
      <timestamp>2006-01-06T07:40:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Citizen of the Republic of [[Mejico]], a famous actor. 

Born November 25, 1920 in Mejico City, Montalban's first role was on The 20th Century-Fox Hour in 1955. During the 1950s and 1960s he was one of the few working Hispanic actors. Many of his early roles were in Westerns, where he played character parts usually as the Latin lover.

In 1975 he was chosen as the television spokesman for the new Krystler Cordoba . The car was successful and heavily advertised—his mellifluous delivery of a line praising its &quot;rich Corinthian leather&quot; upholstery became famous and was much parodied.

He then starred in the television program, ''Isla Fantastico'' from 1978 to 1984. For a time the program was one of the most popular on television. His character, Mr. Roarke, and his sidekick Tattoo, were pop icons.

In the upcoming movie for [[Space Voyage 2245]] he's reprising the role of Kmora Xikra Khan, a character explored in the first season of SV2245.  The episode, titled Children of Space, featured him as the leader of a space-based warrior clan who had left the Earth many hundreds of years before, during the Genome Wars.  His ancestors had encountered the Zmorites and had been able to interbreed with them, thus creating a race of warriors.

He has played on dozens of television series, but has not been involved in too many films.  A spinal injury in 1994 was feared to reduce him to a wheel chair, but Mr. Montalban has overcome this injury and is able to fully play out the role of the warrior king.  He will play his role of Kmora Xikra Khan in the upcoming movie [[Space Voyage 2245]]:[[Invasion of the Zmorite Horde]].

For his role in this movie and since the filming of ''Isla Fantastico'' Montalban has been a resident of the [[NAL-SLC|NAL]].  He does maintain a residence in Mejico City, but spends most of his time between Philadelphia and New Amsterdam.

[[Category:Celebrities|Montalban]]
[[Category:SV2245|Montalban]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Alternate History</title>
    <id>764</id>
    <revision>
      <id>44510</id>
      <timestamp>2007-02-15T20:06:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Quentin</username>
        <id>78</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">A type of fiction gaining growing interest here in [[Ill Bethisad]].  Among the noteable novel series are the stories of 
''[[Moxisei]]'', a fictional world that speaks of a different [[Japan]] from our world, one in which Japan is bellicose and closely aligned with the [[Germany|HRE]] during the [[Second Great War]].  Also, [[Andrew Smith]] is an author speaking of a Britain without [[Kemr]] and the British line of [[Romance Languages]] due to a successful Saxon invasion.

This style is gaining credence in reader circles the world over.  Some refer to it as ''If-Worlds''.  An upcoming novel series looks to focus on a divergent history of the [[NAL-SLC|North American League]], wherein it separates from the [[Federated Kingdoms]], has a rebellion over slavery and gradually works westward gaining control of the Continent.  Many have scorned this scenario as implausible at best, hypernationalist at worst.

Others focus on the turning points of the [[First Great War]] and the results of a more severe punishment for the [[Germany|Holy Roman Empire]], the development of a fascist national socialist party, and other [[Point Of Divergence|points of divergence]].

Authors of the genre include;
*[[Tom Clentsin]]
*[[Rhoberth Dain]]
*[[Adolf Hitler]]
*[[Llewfelen Iewen]]
*[[Charles R.R. Luther]]
*[[Andrew Smith]]
*[[Thorsten|Gajli Thorsten]]
*[[Jan van Steenbergen]]
*[[Horatio Toledo]]

[[Category:Culture]]
[[Category:Books]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>TGV</title>
    <id>765</id>
    <revision>
      <id>61414</id>
      <timestamp>2009-08-13T18:24:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">According to the International Railway Union, the definition of high-speed rail is public transport by rail with a possible speed above 135 Milles per Hour (200 kilometers per hour).  Most of the high-end trains travel at top service speeds between 170 Milles Per Hour (250 km/h) and 200 Milles Per Hour (300 km/h).  The current high speed record for a wheeled train was set in 1992 by a [[France|French]] TGV which reached a speed of 350 Milles per Hour (515 km/h).  There are rumors of magnetic levitation trains far exceeding that speed, but none have been substatiated to present.

The use of the term TGV and its application vary from country to country, but all hinge on the idea of specialised track for the high-speed vehicle, the rolling stock, operating practices and the speed.  While there was a decline in the use of railways with the mass production of automobiles following the end of the [[Second Great War]], this has not brought about the end of rail travel, and in most countries a rail system does exist.

High-speed rail was the attempt of the rail industry to appeal to those for whom other travel methods weren't fast enough or efficient enough.  They have successfully done so, as the proliferation of High-speed rail can be seen, especially in North America.
Because of the distance-shrinking nature of the high-speed trains, cities that are many hours by car from Paris are now finding themselves as 'bed-room' communities, where people live their lives, but work in Paris.  Similar effects are happening in Lyon and other major markets of TGV.

The earliest high-speed train was Xiñcansen of [[Japan]], followed by the French TGV.  Because these trains often traverse national boundaries they are not all the same, as power requirements vary from nation to nation.

==Current World High-Speed Train Families==

===TGV family===

* TGV (Train à grande vitesse) ([[France]]'s SNCF, [[Louisianne]]'s [[CFL]])
* Eurostar Federated Kingdom - [[France]] - [[Batavian Kingdom]]
* Thalys (France - [[Batavian Kingdom]] - [[Germany]])
* Renfa AVE ([[Aragon]])
* New Castreleon Central Rail's Acela ([[NAL-SLC|NAL]]); only distantly related to TGV (Not articulated, and with a tilt mechanism)
* B&amp;A Rail's (NAL) Columbiastar, with TGV service throughout the Great Lakes Region.


===ICE family===

* ICE (InterCity Express), ([[Germany]] - [[Batavian Kingdom]] - [[Austria]]).


===Xiñcansen family===

[[Image:japemptrain.jpg|thumb|A map of Japan's High-speed lines]]Japan, as one of the initial creators of the high-speed train has one of the most prolific national high-speed lines.  It has also exported its technology to FuTaiNan, and this has been further connected with other regions in China, with limited success.

* Xiñcansen ([[Japan]])
* HSR ([[Fujian, Taiwan and Hainan|FTH]])
* KTX ([[Corea]])

===Talgo family===

* Talgo 350 ([[Castile and Leon]])
* Talgo 200 ([[Castile and Leon]]) (able to travel at 200 km/h and broad and standard gauge rail)
* [[Image:Bd802001.gif|thumb]] Teslatalgo, Dalmatian Railways class 802, aka CAV - Cug da Alta Veloczita ([[Dalmatia]]) (Based on the Castillean Talgo Pendular system and is powered by the Tesla-type powerplant; has reached 317 versts per hour (309.075km/h - one Dalmatian verst is 975 metres) in testing on the straight track through level land on the Agram-Sejesta rail line, though in scheduled service it doesn't exceed 140 versts per hour.)

===Tilting trains===

* Pendolino-type trains in [[Italy]], [[Portugal]] (&quot;Alfa Pendular&quot; by CP), [[Slevania]] (InterCitySlovenija), [[Bohemia|Bohemian Kingdom]] and the [[Federated Kingdoms]] (by Virgin Trains).
* New Castreleon Central Rail's Acela (NAL)
* X2000 ([[Scandinavian Realm]])
* Eurostar Italia, Cisalpino ([[Italy]], [[France]], [[Dalmatia]])

===Magnetic levitation===

* Transrapid (German maglev company, has a test track in Emsland, Germany, and constructed the first operational maglev railway in the world, from Shanghai to its Pu Dong International Airport, opened in 2002).

===Other===

* Intercity 125/Class 43 - introduced in late 1970s Federated Kingdoms, often called the High Speed Train or HST, was the fastest train in the country for some while at 125mph

===Vostok family===

The Vostok (Rus: &quot;Восток&quot;) series of high speed trains is sometimes referred to outside of the [[SNOR]] as the &quot;White TGV&quot;, referring to its resemblance to the [[France|French]] TGV train.  Indeed, the resemblance is so acute that many suspect that [[Russia|Russian]] industrial espionage was at work in its development.  Vostok was largely developed in parallel with the French train and officially introduced late in the following year, though testing actually continued for 3 years after the trains were &quot;officially&quot; introduced before they were released to carry passengers.

Whether the trains were actually aided in development by industrial espionage is not clear, and there are a few marked differences from the TGV.  Most notable of these is the tilt mechanism which was included in all but late production models of the train, but never employed on passenger-carrying runs.  According to persistent rumour vehemently denied by the [[White Council|Russian Government]], all but one test run of the Vostok employing the tilt mechanism resulted in a derailment.  Whether or not this was so, it is a matter of record that the tilt mechanism was kept in a locked-down state and never actually utilised except in testing.  The mechanism was not installed on late production Vostok trains.

Vostok-capable high-speed lines were installed between St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kiev and Volgograd, then later extended to Nizhni Novgorod.  Plans to extend the lines eastward to Yekaterinburg and [[Republic of Chelyabinsk|Chelyabinsk]] were shelved in the late 1980s due to budgetary constraints, then scrapped outright after the fall of the [[SNOR]].

*Vostok 100 ([[SNOR|Snorist Russia]])
*Vostok 200 ([[SNOR|Snorist Russia]] - late model with misfunctioning tilt mechanism not installed)

[[Category:Railroads]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Baltic League</title>
    <id>766</id>
    <revision>
      <id>17769</id>
      <timestamp>2005-11-03T13:57:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{|align=right
|http://steen.free.fr/ib/flags/bal_6.gif
|}
The '''Baltic League''', one of the modern descendants of the ancient [[Hanseatic League|Hansa]], is made up of the [[Republic of the Two Crowns]], the Free City of [[Danzig]], the Principality of [[Skuodia]], the Kingdom of [[Latvia]], the Kingdom of [[Estonia]], the [[Nassland]], [[Finland]], [[Sweden]], [[Schleswig-Holstein|Slesvig-Holsteen]], the City of [[Lybæk]], the State of [[Mecklenburg]], the Principality of [[Rygen]], and the Duchy of [[Preimern|Preymeren]]. Furthermore, the following three countries are candidate members (meaning that enjoy some priviledged status and have the right to attend meetings): [[Ukraine]], [[Belarus]] and the [[RPN|Republic of Petrograd and Novgorod]]. The League was founded in 1653, after the dramatic rise in the Øresund Tax by the Danish king Christian IV had caused a split in the [[Hanseatic League]].

The Republic is the largest and most powerful member of the League. The League has traditionally been one of commerce and trade, though mutual defense has also been an important aspect of its activities. The famous Lufthansa is the airship fleet of the League, and operates both passenger and goods transport services. Low German is the traditional official language of League business; however, [[Wenedyk]] is the most commonly used language by the ministers. 

Low German is the traditional language of the Hansa / Baltic League because [[Hamburg]] and a couple other towns of Northern [[Germany]] were the birthplace of the League. From those cities, their influence spread east into [[Veneda]] (later the Republic of the Two Crowns), [[Sweden]] and the [[Baltic States|Baltic countries]]. 

Anymore, it may be that German is a &quot;formulaic&quot; language (except that ministers from German cities, obviously, speak Low German as a matter of course). Official in that documents are drawn up in it and some official records are kept in it. But day to day administration and actual business is done in other languages like [[Wenedyk]] and Lithuanian. Sort of like the way Latin is the official language of the RC church; but business in the [[Papal States|Vatican]] is done in the dialect of Rome. 

----

=== Years of membership ===

'''Members'''

* [[Prussia]]: 1653 - 1770s.
* [[Danzig]]: 1653 - 1793 (as a part of the RTC); 1807 - 1939, 1949 - date (as a Free City).
* [[Courland]]: 1653 - 1864; 1918 - 1939.
* [[Republic of the Two Crowns]]: 1653 - 1918; 1949 - date.
* [[Mecklenburg]]: 1653 - date. &lt;i&gt;(possibly with breaks)&lt;/i&gt;
* [[Sweden]]: 1721 - date.
* [[Finland]]: 1721 - date.
* [[Nassland]]: 1721 - 1940, 1953 - date. &lt;i&gt;(entered after Nystad Peace and re-entered 1953 after Cooperation Treaty)&lt;/i&gt;
* [[Rygen]]: after 1721? - date.
* [[Lybæk]]: 1721 - date.
* [[Schleswig-Holstein]]: after 1721? - date.
* [[Veneda]]: 1918 - 1939.
* [[Lithuania]]: 1923 - 1939.
* [[Estonia]]: 1918 - date. 
* [[Livonia]]: 1918 - 1939. 
* [[Latvia]]: 1949 - date. 
* [[Preimern]]: 1955 - date.
* [[Skuodia]]: 1995 - date.

'''Candidate members'''

* [[Ukraine]]: 2001 - date.
* [[RPN]]: 2004 - date.
* [[Belarus]]: 2004 - date.

[[Category:Supranational Organizations]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Plays</title>
    <id>767</id>
    <revision>
      <id>11812</id>
      <timestamp>2005-09-24T05:02:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zahir</username>
        <id>35</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Stage plays are often produced in Ill Bethisad.

Some notable plays include:

* &lt;I&gt;Gereint V&lt;/I&gt; [[Gwilim Trammelpila| Shakespeare]]
* &lt;I&gt;Amleth, Prince of Kemre&lt;/I&gt; [[Gwilim Trammelpila| Shakespeare]]
* &lt;I&gt;[[Kolchek's Universal Kawars]]&lt;/I&gt;, [[Karel Capek]] (1890-1938).
* &lt;I&gt;Taming the Arvorec Mistress&lt;/I&gt; [[Gwilim Trammelpila| Shakespeare]]
* &lt;I&gt;The Tempest&lt;/I&gt; [[Gwilim Trammelpila| Shakespeare]]
* ''[[Richard III]]''  [[Gwilim Trammelpila| Shakespeare]]
* ''[[The Duchess of Morgause]]'' John Webster
* &lt;I&gt;The Cherry Orchard&lt;/I&gt; Anton Tchekhov
* &lt;I&gt;Uncle Vanya&lt;/I&gt; Anton Tchekhov
* &lt;I&gt;The Three Sisters&lt;/I&gt; Anton Tchekhov
* &lt;I&gt;Count Vurluk&lt;/I&gt; [[Brom Stoker]]
* &lt;I&gt;Death in the Cathedral&lt;/I&gt; T.S.Ellyot

[[Category:Culture]]
[[Category:Plays]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Karel Capek</title>
    <id>768</id>
    <revision>
      <id>34621</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-20T11:25:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>Reverted edit of Aqualung, changed back to last version by Nik</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Kárl &amp;#268;ápek wrote with intelligence and humor on a wide variety of subjects. His works are known not only for interesting and exact descriptions of reality, but also for his excellent work with the [[Bohemian|P&amp;eacute;mi&amp;#353;]] language, as well as [[Wenedyk]]. He is perhaps best known as a science fiction author, who wrote long before science fiction became established as a separate genre. He can be counted as one of the founders of classical non-hardcore European science fiction, which focuses on possible future (or alternative) social and human evolution on Earth, rather than technically advanced stories of space travel. However, it is best to class him with Aldous Huxley and George Orwell as a mainstream literary figure who used science-fiction motifs.

Many of his works discuss ethical and other aspects of the revolutionary inventions and processes that were already expected in the first half of 20th century. These included mass production, atomic weapons, and post-human intelligent beings such as robots or intelligent salamanders.

In this, &amp;#268;ápek was also expressing fear of upcoming social disasters, dictatorship, violence, and unlimited power of corporations, and trying to find some hope for human beings. &amp;#268;ápek's literary heirs include Ray Bradbury, Salman Rushdie, and possibly Brian Aldiss and Dan Simmons.

His other books and plays include detective stories, traveller notes, novels, fairy tales and theatre plays, and even a book on gardening. The most important works try to resolve the problem of epistemology, or &quot;What is knowledge?&quot;: The Tales from Two Pockets, and first of all the trilogy of novels Hortúpal, Meteor and An Ordinary Life.

Later, in the 1930s, &amp;#268;ápek's work focused on the threat of brutal dictatorships, [[SNOR|SNORist]], fascist, but also Communist. His most productive years corresponded within the conjuction period of Quenn Terésija (1920-1938). He wrote Talks with T.G. Másarik, a Bohemian liberal politician and patriot, and a regular guest at &amp;#268;ápek's Friday garden parties for Bohemian patriots. This extraordinary relationship between the great author and the great political leader is perhaps unique, and is known to have been an inspiration to Vencl Hável, a political activist, who shown his abilities in 1969 when he help to re-consilliate the boiling Bohemian society.

Kárl &amp;#268;ápek died in the December 1938, preceding the outbreak of the [[Second Great War]] and was interred in the Višpurk cemetery in Prague. Soon after, it became clear that the Europe would refuse to help defend Bohemia against [[Adolf Hessler|Hessler]]. He refused to eat or leave his country and died of double pneumonia. The Imperial Police had ranked him as &quot;public enemy number 2&quot; in Bohemia. His brother Jósef &amp;#268;ápek, a painter and also a writer, died in the Bergen-Belsen prison camp.

After the war, &amp;#268;ápek's work was only reluctantly accepted by the royal family of Bohemia, but has gradually grown in acceptance.

[[Category:Authors|Capek]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gwilim Trammelpila</title>
    <id>769</id>
    <revision>
      <id>61604</id>
      <timestamp>2009-08-25T15:56:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zahir</username>
        <id>35</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>changed Blackfriars to Middle Temple</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Gwilim Trammelpila''' (fl. 1600), known in his adoptive [[England]] as Gouilliame Shaxepere, was a prolific poet and playwright. He and his cronies operated the Globe Theatre in London where his band of actors and musicians put on plays such as &quot;The Tempeste&quot;, &quot;Taming of the Shrewe&quot; and &quot;Amleth, Prince of [[Kemr|Cambria]]&quot;.  Eventually, he and his company also purchased the Middle Temple theatre, which was indoors and played to private audience.

The exact details of Shaxepere's life are sorely lacking, save that we know more about him than any other early Jacobean playwright save one (Johnson--who was regarded as almost manically self-publicizing).  We do know by a certain date he had become relatively well-known in the London Theatrical scene.  We also know the date of his marriage and the birthdates of all three children.  His plays were all published after his death or retirement by two different groups, and the plays show marked differences between editions.  Figuring out the precise order in which the plays were written (and presumably produced) is largely a matter of conjecture save for a few strong hints from diaries of the era and some topical references in the plays themselves.

In general, scholars divide his plays into four periods:

'''The Classical Period'''

This is when Shaxepere seemed to be following classical models like Galen and Seneca pretty closely.  Many of these works are based on ancient writings, sometimes reworked for (to him) modern settings.

* Two Gentlemen of Vienna
* Romeo and Juliet
* Julius Caesar
* Titus Andronicus
* The Comedie of Errors
* A Midsummer's Night's Dream
* King Ion

'''The Historical Period'''

According to theory, once Shaxepere had learned his craft he began to tell stories based on historical events familiar to audiences of the day.  Primariy, these fell into two groups.  One cycle of plays pretty much told of England's ''Wars of the Roses'', from their earliest seeds in ''Richard II'' until their final fruition in ''Richard III''.  The second cycle focussed on events from Kemr's (or Cambria's) history.  Probably for political reasons (not unimportant when one considers the legal authority of the Censor) none of these latter dealt with any event which could be pinpointed prior to the Battle of Hastings.

* Richard II
* Henry IV, Parts One and Two
* Henry V
* Henry VI, Parts One, Two and Three
* Edward IV
* [[Richard III]]
* Ambroisius
* [[Gereint V (play)|Gereint V]]
* Amleth, Prince of Cambria
* Macbeth

'''The Mature Period'''

Professors of literature like to call this &quot;Mature&quot; because this was when he wrote most of what are considered his greatest works.  All of his great comedies fall into this period.

* The Merchant of Milan
* Othello
* The Taming of the Shrewe
* As You Like It
* Twelfth Night
* King Llyr
* Much Ado About Nothing
* Anthony and Cleopatra

'''The Problem Period'''

During his final years, Shaxepere wrote a series of plays that scholars like to call &quot;problem plays&quot; because they seem so difficult to define and pin down.  Others prefer to call this his Experimental Period, because that is clearly one of the things he was doing.  

* All's Well That Ends Well
* Timon of Athens
* Love's Labour's Lost
* Madrad, Prince of Prydain
* Troilus and Cressida
* Measure for Measure
* The Winter's Tale
* The Tempeste

These last were the last known plays of his to be written and produced, the latter for the Globe and the former for the Middle Temple.  Legend has it that he retired because of growing blindness, which in some versions is the result of syphlis.  He clearly had become quite well-to-do and his will records a substantial estate for a non-nobleman of the time.

Gouilliame Shaxepere's life, what we know of it, shows a man of humble origins who never went to any great University.  This has led some (such as 19th century NAL GM George McClellan, among others) to theorize he was a fraud--the public face of someone more prestigious.  One of the more famous candidates for &quot;The Real Shaxepere&quot; is King James I himself.  Most reputable scholars look upon this as nonsense.

Some of his contemporaries included [[Tomos Corw]], [[William Kemp]] and [[Jowan Quidgerey]].

[[Category:Authors|Trammelpila]][[Category:Conspiracy Theories]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Eurovidere Song Contest</title>
    <id>770</id>
    <revision>
      <id>45329</id>
      <timestamp>2007-05-13T14:42:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Quentin</username>
        <id>78</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">The [[Eurovidere]] Song Contest (a.k.a. Melody Grand Prix) is an annual televised song contest with participants from numerous countries whose national television broadcasters are members of the [[European Broadcasting Union]]. The contest is broadcast on television and also radio throughout Europe and other parts of the world.

The contest's name comes from the [[Eurovidere Network]], which is run by the [[European Broadcasting Union]] (EBU). Any member of the EBU may participate in the contest. This includes also countries outside of Europe that are members of one the many European supranational organizations like the [[Commonwealth of Nations|British Commonwealth]], the [[Scandinavian Realm]], [[Community of Dalmatophone States]] or the [[Castilian Commonwealth of Nations|Castilean Commonwealth]].

In 2003, on the initiative of [[Rigets Radio|RR]], a junior version of the song contest was held for contestants between the ages of 8 and 15.

&lt;i&gt;It is not known what non-European nation has participated in the contest.&lt;/i&gt;

==Recent Winners==
*1999 - Taely, [[Armorica]] ([http://groups.yahoo.com/group/conculture/message/4198 link])
*2000 -
*2001 - Halb-Korv, [[Viru]], [[Baltic League]] ([http://groups.yahoo.com/group/conculture/message/4074 link])
*2002 -
*2003 - Technical-traditional group, [[Turkey]] ([http://groups.yahoo.com/group/conculture/message/10926 link])
*2004 - 
*2005 - [[Scandinavian Realm]]
*2006 - Amen, [[Slevania]]
*2007 - Marija Šerifović. Molitva, [[Serbia]]

[[Category:Eurovidere]]
[[Category:Television]]
[[Category:Culture]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Eurovidere</title>
    <id>771</id>
    <revision>
      <id>16738</id>
      <timestamp>2005-10-28T21:02:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">The term &lt;i&gt;Eurovidere&lt;/i&gt; has several meanings:

*Technically, the [[Eurovidere Network]] created by the [[European Broadcasting Union]] (EBU). 
*In general usage, the [[Eurovidere Song Contest]].

[[Category:Television]]
[[Category:Eurovidere]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Eurovidere Network</title>
    <id>772</id>
    <revision>
      <id>16739</id>
      <timestamp>2005-10-28T21:02:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[Eurovidere]] was created by the European Broadcasting Union to broadcast televised shows throughout Europe. Its most famous show is the [[Eurovidere Song Contest]].

[[Category:Television]]
[[Category:Eurovidere]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>European Broadcasting Union</title>
    <id>773</id>
    <revision>
      <id>60166</id>
      <timestamp>2009-06-30T13:15:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kyrmse</username>
        <id>25</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) was formed by several broadcasting organizations from Europe.

Members are radio and television companies, most of which are government-owned public service broadcasters or privately owned stations with public missions.

The EBU's most well-known production is probably the [[Eurovidere Song Contest]] organised by its [[Eurovidere Network]].

==Known Members==
*[[ARHRR]] (Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten des Heiligen Römischen Reichs) ([[Germany]])
*[[BBC]] (British Broadcasting Corporation) ([[England]], [[Scotland]], [[Kemr]])
*[[LRTV]] (Lietuvos Radijas ir Televizija) ([[Lithuania]])
*[[Rigets Radio|RR]] (Rigets Radio) ([[SR]])
*[[RDF]] (Radiodiffusion Française) ([[France]])
*[[RTÉ]] (Raidió Telifís Éireann) ([[Ireland]])
*[[TNI]] (Teletrasmissione Nazionale Italiano) ([[Italy]])
*[[TWW]] (TeleWiżoń Wenedka) ([[Veneda]])
*[[URiTH]] ([[Galicia]])
*[[VoJo]] (Voc Joeva, Jervan National Broadcasting Company) ([[Jervaine]])
*[[WRW]] (Wenedki Radio Warsina) ([[Warsina]], [[Veneda]])
*[[Radio Lim]] in [[Xliponia]]

[[Category:Media and Entertainment]]
[[Category:News Media]]
[[Category:Television]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rikets Radio</title>
    <id>774</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28371</id>
      <timestamp>2006-01-21T05:43:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[Category:Radio]]
[[Category:Television]]
[[Category:News Media]]
[[Category:Scandinavian Realm]]

&lt;i&gt;Rikets Radio&lt;/i&gt; (RR) is the [[Scandinavian Realm]]'s radio and television public broadcasting network.  It has a public service role and is the official organ of the Scandinavian government.  It is an independent public body administered by the Scandinavian Realm government, headed by a board, with its day-to-day running in the hands of a management committee.

RR is a member of the [[European Broadcasting Union]]. In 2003, RR hosted the first Junior [[Eurovidere Song Contest]].

RR has the longest running radio show, &lt;i&gt;Løgerdagsbarnetimen&lt;/i&gt; (The Children's Hour on Saturday), running since December 20, 1924.

= History =
RR started as a public service organization in 1933, based on a model similar to the [[BBC]], replacing all privately operated radio stations in the larger cities of the [[Scandinavian Realm]].  It was given the monopoly to broadcast within the [[Scandinavian Realm]].  The monopoly was gradually dissolved from 1975 onwards.

1941 saw the beginning of the use of the 13th century melody, &quot;Drømte mig en Drøm i Nat&quot;, as an interval signal and jingle for RR.

In 1948, RR started international radio transmissions on the shortwave bands.

In 1951, RR began to send television programmes.

RR was the last of the major European public broadcasters to introduce a second radio channel, P2 (&lt;i&gt;Programme 2&lt;/i&gt;), officially opened as late as in 1984. By 1993, RR got a third channel, P3 (&lt;i&gt;Programme 3&lt;/i&gt;).

In 1995, a second television channel was introduced, the channels being now called RR1 and RR2.

In 2003, communications satellites were first used when RR hosted the first Junior [[Eurovidere Song Contest]].

= Funding =
RR has always been funded through the radio license fee, which all owners of a radio or television in the Scandinavian Realm are obligated to pay.  Its public service role forbids it according to Scandinavian law from being commercial.  Listeners and viewers from outside the Scandinavian Realm pay a subscription fee.

= Regional Networks =
RR is subdivided into regional networks. These are:
* &lt;b&gt;Bengali&lt;/b&gt;, servicing licensees in [[Frederiksnagore]], and subscribers in [[Bengal]].
* &lt;b&gt;Chinese&lt;/b&gt;, servicing licensees in [[Tsingdav]], and subscribers in [[Beihanguo|China]].
* &lt;b&gt;Ðaij&lt;/b&gt;, servicing licensees in [[Tenasserim]], and subscribers in [[Mÿqan̊ Ðaij]].
* &lt;b&gt;East Indian&lt;/b&gt;, servicing licensees in the [[Andaman Islands]] and the [[Nicobar Islands]].
* &lt;b&gt;Faeroese&lt;/b&gt;, servicing licensees in the [[Faeroe Islands]].
* &lt;b&gt;Finnish&lt;/b&gt;, servicing licensees in [[Finland]], and subscribers in  [[Estonia]] and [[Nassland]].
* &lt;b&gt;Gadangme&lt;/b&gt;, servicing licensees in [[Gadangmeland]], and subscribers in the [[Gold Coast]].
* &lt;b&gt;German&lt;/b&gt;, servicing licensees in [[Schleswig-Holstein|Holstein]], [[Oldenborg|Oldenburg]], and [[Lybeck|Lübeck]], and subscribers in the rest of the [[Germany|Holy Roman Empire]], in [[Austria]], the [[Republic of the Two Crowns]], the [[Batavian Kingdom]], [[Bohemia]], and [[Helvetia]].
* &lt;b&gt;Icelandic&lt;/b&gt;, servicing licensees in [[Iceland]].
* &lt;b&gt;Inuit&lt;/b&gt;, servicing licensees in [[Greenland]], and subscribers in the [[NAL-SLC|North American]] province of [[Nunavik]].
* &lt;b&gt;Mon&lt;/b&gt;, servicing licensees in [[Monland]].
* &lt;b&gt;New Icelandic&lt;/b&gt;, servicing licensees in [[New Iceland]].
* &lt;b&gt;New Swedish&lt;/b&gt;, servicing licensees in [[New Sweden]], and subscribers in neighbouring [[NAL-SLC|North American]] provinces.
* &lt;b&gt;Saami&lt;/b&gt;, servicing licensees in [[Samme]].
* &lt;b&gt;Scandinavian&lt;/b&gt;, servicing licensees in [[Denmark]], [[Sweden]], [[Norway]], [[Schleswig-Holstein|Schleswig]], and [[Rygen]].
* &lt;b&gt;Tamil&lt;/b&gt;, servicing licensees in [[Tranquebar]], and subscribers in [[Karnátaka]].
* &lt;b&gt;West Guinean&lt;/b&gt;, servicing licensees in [[Gebaland]] and The [[Pepper Coast]], and subscribers in [[Batavian Guinea]] and [[French Guinea]].
* &lt;b&gt;West Indian&lt;/b&gt;, servicing licensees in the [[Cruzan Islands]], and subscribers in neighbouring Caribbean islands.

= Transmission =
All programming from RR is relayed by local stations in regional versions.  Some programmes are sent via satellite to the regional networks, which then relay them regionally via local stations.  Other programs are sent directly by the regional networks.

= Radio Channels =
Each regional network provides three radio channels:
* &lt;b&gt;P1&lt;/b&gt; (Programme 1) is the public service and information radio channel, and is RR's most listened to radio channel, mixing popular music with factual programming, discussion and debate, national and international news, plus in-depth news reports.
* &lt;b&gt;P2&lt;/b&gt; (Programme 2) is the classical radio channel with classical music, opera, [[Jass|jass]], radio drama, and coverage of other artistic performances and events.
* &lt;b&gt;P3&lt;/b&gt; (Programme 3) is the hit radio channel, with popular music, entertainment shows, live coverage of major sporting events, and hourly three-minute news bulletins.

= Television Channels =
Each regional network provides two television channels:
* &lt;b&gt;RR1&lt;/b&gt; is the entertainment television channel, with entertainment shows, television series, movies, and live coverage of major sporting events. The stations airs from 0900 until 0415. The start-up is a menu, then with a start-up film showing sights of the country with an instrumental piece of Norwegian music on it, then the clock and the first programme of the day. Closedown is a film showing national symbols and city sights accompanied by the national anthem. 
* &lt;b&gt;RR2&lt;/b&gt; is the information television channel, featuring factual programming, discussion and debate, national and international news, as well as in-depth news reports. It broadcasts from 0900 with school's and children's programmes for three hours, and ends at 0500. There is no start-up sequence, only an ident to introduce the day's programmes. Closedown is simply the logo fading into the testcard. RR2 is controversial by showing some erotic content after 0930, especially in places with more conservative traditions. RR2's drama series &quot;Love&quot; was a ratings-winner despite its nudity and sexual acts.</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Music</title>
    <id>775</id>
    <revision>
      <id>56286</id>
      <timestamp>2009-01-12T05:24:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elemtilas</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">= Orchestral Instruments =

*The chief difference in the evolution of orchestral instruments in Ill Bethisad is the continued development of the keyed brass instruments as a separate and parallel subfamily (alongside the piston instruments). Thus, avid listeners of classical music *there* have long known and appreciated the different tonal qualities of ophicleide and euphonium, and have come to expect them where composers, such as Verdi and Wagner, have given voice to them. Both families of brass instruments have continued to evolve apace: the valved brass are largely where they are *here*, while the keyed brass have enjoyed continued improvements to key placement, standardised number of keys and systematisation of keywork that such instruments have not enjoyed *here*. The dichotomy of tonal colours has thus produced a modern orchestra with a slighty larger brass section than *here*'s orchestra: three piston trumpets (or cornets), two keyed trumpets (or cornets), five french horns, three trombones, one or two euphoniums, one or two ophicleides, one tuba.

= Musical Forms =

*Britain is famous worldwide for its varied musical output, from fine classical composers and orchestras, to town [[Brass Band Music|brass bands]], church orchestras and traditional bardic strains. Popular and folk music find an excellent environment to meld into new and fantastic forms. See [[Kemr]], keyword &quot;Music&quot;.

*[[Image:pic_solfeiges.jpg|thumb|500px|An old hand-copied part book from [[Ter Mair|Annapolis]], written in &quot;Patent Notes&quot;, with text in Kerno.]] A very old Anglo-Welsh style of part singing that has been in decline during the 19th and 20th centuries in Britain is making a revitalisation in the early 21st century, having been reëxported from the [[NAL-SLC|NAL]] to the [[Federated Kingdoms|FK]]. This kind of singing, called [[Media:Nogouiodunon.mid|solfey]], or &lt;i&gt;solfeġ&lt;/i&gt; as it's called in Brithenig, derives from 15th and 16th century styles which travelled to the Americas with the early settlers. As is still commonly heard in British churches, particularly in England, solfey singing is often accompanied in the bass part by a brace of serpents or ophicleides. The English, who have recently rediscovered this curious and ancient British passtime of comunal singing, have taken to calling it &lt;i&gt;gallery music&lt;/i&gt;.

*A new Americo-British music that evolved in the early to mid 20th century is &lt;I&gt;Fuzió&lt;/I&gt;: a &quot;fusion&quot; of Zaydeco, [[Jass]] and traditional British.

*[[Qvelbe]] music has become popular throughout the [[Scandinavian Realm]], particularly in the West Indies and in [[Guinea]].

*[[Turbofolk]] is a style unique to the Balkans.

*[[EastWest]] is a new style of music from [[Central Asia]] similar in concept to Balkan [[Turbofolk]].

*Popular in all northern cities of the NAL from the late 1800's to the early 20th century was Ragtime, which is considered by some a fusion of African-American styles and European Classical music. It's most famous contributor was Scott Joplin who composed some of the most popular songs.  

*Other trends are &lt;I&gt;Countrey&lt;/I&gt;, typical of northern [[Louisianne]] and the western provinces of the [[NAL-SLC| NAL]]; and &lt;I&gt;Estompier&lt;/I&gt;, which evolved from the [[Jass]] movement and is a popular sort of swing dance style known for energetic moves.

= Classical Music =

Of course, there is also Classical Music:

* [[Johann Sebastian Bach|J. S. Bach's]] &lt;I&gt;Premarian Concertos&lt;/I&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;; many works for klavier - toccatas, preludes, fugues [18th cen].
* [[Georg Friedrich Kremer]] dedicated his masterpiece ''Die Musikalische Gabe '' (a.k.a. &quot;the Forty-Eight&quot;) to his close friend [[Johann Sebastian Bach|J. S. Bach]], who was born in the very same year as Kremer himself.
* Andrew Corelli's &lt;I&gt;Concerto for Six Oliphaunts and Three Ophicleides vs. Orchestra&lt;/I&gt; [1866].
* [[Chopin|Frydryk Fr&amp;#x105;czyszek Chopin]], [[Veneda]]'s greatest and most prolific composer, whose musical style became radically avant-gardist after 1880.
* Ravi and Anoushka Shankar have brought Indian classical music into the western conscience [c.2000].

= Folk Music =

And many kinds of Folk Music to tempt the adventurous ear:

* The Clentsin Brothers (Ireland) made Irish popular music extremely popular in America.
* The Twelve Girls Band (Hunan) are making serious inroads into the West from the Orient.
* The Band of Brothers (Dûnein) are a popular zidico-celtic-breton &lt;I&gt;fuzió&lt;/I&gt; or fusion group.
* Prwyster Gweresydaed an Caemyn (Arvorec Isles) are gaining in popularity.
* Taely (Arvorec Isles) plays modern Celtic.
* The Jakob Broewer Band ([[Cruzan Islands]]), featuring the &quot;grand old man&quot; of [[Qvelbe]] music.
* Here's a popular folk tune: [[undefined|Spencer the Rover]]
* &lt;i&gt;Motoercar&lt;/i&gt; is a popular group in Kemr, to be found on the cutting edge of synthesised music like this version of the old tune [[Media:Mrs widgerys lodger.mid|Mrs. Widgery's Lodger]].
* ''O Sole d&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;a Acqua'' (The Sun off the Water; [[Italy]]) is a Neapolitan minority folk group from [[The Marches]], very popular in Italy.

= National anthems =
''See [[National anthems]].''

= Artists =

*[[ABBA]]; world-famous band from the [[Scandinavian Realm]]
*Aimee Mann who is doing an extended tour of [[Montrei]], to the joy of the locals.
*Alder Johannes, né Reginald Douwait, of Middlesex, renowned mostly for his monobrow is a court favorite for [[Diana I of England and Scotland|Queen Diana]], playing pianoforte in very dashing sequins.
* [[Angelita Diaz]] is an openly bisexual (in a relationship with novelist [[V.A.Howard]]) pop artist from Montrei, very popular in Montrei, Alta California, etc. who has just (in 2005) made a debut album in the NAL.
*[[Jean_de_Cournouaille]], [[Tejas]]-born singer-songwriter living in the [[NAL-SLC|NAL]]
*[[EastWest]], a former band from [[Turkestan]] who invented the musical style that now bears their name.
*[[Êtres-Vivants]], a wildly popular band from [[Saint-Louis]], pushing what has been dubbed Hyper-Jass. (said in a way to rhyme with Creeper-Grass)
* [[NoMoreEagleZ]] the now-disbanded rock group from the 1970s and 80s, one of the major icons of that generation.
*[[Collective Arse-Biters]], a grungy fuzio band originating in [[Aquanishuonigy]], blending some Native sounds with energetic fuzio.
*Claudius Pollinc, a minimalist from [[Atmar]], [[Xliponia]], composer of slightly disturbing pieces like
**[[Media:Jassify-3.mid|''Jassify-3'']], an eclectic jass-classical fusion
**[[Media:saXyl.mid|''saXyl'']], an intolerably long sonata for two instruments, never publicly performed in its entirety, a very small part of which is on file, playing (the word is used advisedly) on the '''x''' in sa'''x'''ophone, '''x'''ylophone and '''X'''liponia
*Zaydeco Warrior ([[Louisianne]]) released in April of 2003 'Getting Jiggy on the Bayou Tonight' (&lt;''Fuzió'')
*Antonia dei Angeli, an Italian pop singer from [[Tuscany]], very popular across Italy and abroad.
*''Viva Italia'', an Italian group from [[Aosta]], one of the few bands that sings only in Italian. Their efforts are changing the perception by native Italians that Italian is an &quot;ugly language&quot;.
----
[1] Although the proper German title is &lt;I&gt;Preimerische Konzerte&lt;/I&gt;, the usual English title is, in fact &lt;I&gt;Pommeranian Concertos&lt;/I&gt;. English is a weird language and often refuses to play by the rules. &quot;Premarian Concertos&quot; is a common title form found in European discographies, and is increasingly favoured by anglophone musicologists.

[[Category:Media and Entertainment]]
[[Category:Music]]
[[Category:Culture]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Qvelbe</title>
    <id>776</id>
    <revision>
      <id>16760</id>
      <timestamp>2005-10-28T21:14:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Qvelbe Personalities */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">&lt;b&gt;Qvelbe&lt;/b&gt;, also known as &lt;i&gt;Guinea-West Indian quadrille&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;i&gt;scratch band&lt;/i&gt; music, is an indigenous grass-roots form of folk music from the [[Cruzan Islands]] and has spread to other parts of the Caribbean and [[Guinea]]. Qvelbe music is played by scratch bands, who play homemade instruments one can &quot;scratch up.&quot; For example, one man might be blowing through a car-muffler pipe, another scratching a hollowed-out gourd with a hair pick, and yet another picking at a banjo made from a sardine can, a piece of wood and strings. Scratch bands contain at least one melodic instrument and at least one percussive instrument.

= History =
Qvelbe originated in the [[Cruzan Islands]]. The Cruzans, who worked on the sugar plantations as slaves, brought with them a percussive and rhythm-based musical tradition and rich storytelling practices from [[Guinea]]. The plantation owners, however, outlawed the use of drums by the slaves. Over time, the Guinean descendents turned to the Scandinavian colonizers' military bands and social music, especially the Scandinavian folk music, as models for new instrumentation and melodies, and to the quadrille, a square dance for four couples, for new dance moves.

Though the percussive musical and dance practices brought from [[Guinea]] changed significantly, the storytelling tradition (called quelbe) was never lost. A form of oral history, qvelbe is used to immortalize significant historical events, spread &quot;rude&quot; gossip about one's neighbours, and relay the day to day trials and tribulations of life in a small community. The way in which quelbe lyrics were used to convey historical events is evident in a song entitled &quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;LaBega&lt;/nowiki&gt; Carousel&quot;. By the early 1900s slavery had long since ended in the [[Cruzan Islands]] and jobs were scarce. The economy had drastically declined and living conditions were poor. The very popular song bears witness to the resulting labor unrest. The song proposes the boycott of a popular carousel owned by a man named &lt;nowiki&gt;LaBega&lt;/nowiki&gt;, who said that laborers were not worthy of a pay raise. This song is still quite popular today. A strong Cruzan spirit is apparent in the lyrics:

:&lt;i&gt;Cruzan&lt;/i&gt;:
::Mi adu lo drik rum alga nat
::Voor mi lo ride na &lt;nowiki&gt;LaBega&lt;/nowiki&gt; Carousel.
::Ju no hoor wat &lt;nowiki&gt;LaBega&lt;/nowiki&gt; seg?
::&quot;Die folk no meer werdi as tien styver per deg.&quot;
::Mi er looper, mi er kiker, me er tiker
::Voor mi lo ride na &lt;nowiki&gt;LaBega&lt;/nowiki&gt; Carousel.

:&lt;i&gt;English&lt;/i&gt;:
::I'd rather go drink rum all night
::Before I go ride on &lt;nowiki&gt;LaBega&lt;/nowiki&gt; Carousel.
::Haven't you heard what &lt;nowiki&gt;LaBega&lt;/nowiki&gt; says?
::&quot;The people are not worth more than ten styvers a day.&quot;
::I am going, I am seeking, I am begging
::Before I go ride on &lt;nowiki&gt;LaBega&lt;/nowiki&gt; Carousel.

= Qvelbe Personalities =
The biggest Qvelbe star in IB is [[Jakob Broewer]], considered the &quot;Grand Old Man&quot; of Qvelbe music.

[[Category:Music]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Shows</title>
    <id>777</id>
    <revision>
      <id>11823</id>
      <timestamp>2005-02-08T19:11:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Miscellaneous entertainment:

*[[Le Cirque du Roi Soleil]]
*[[Sigfried and Roy]] a sideshow act that tries to leech off of the Cirque.


[[Category:Culture]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Le Cirque du Roi Soleil</title>
    <id>778</id>
    <revision>
      <id>60162</id>
      <timestamp>2009-06-30T01:48:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caeruleancentaur</username>
        <id>197</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>Typo corrrected.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">With a style mixing old and new elements, the Cirque du Roi Soleil is the premier cultural export of the [[New_Francy| Intendancy of New Francy]].

In the decades following its birth in the old port of Ville-Marie, it has become world famous for its lack of animal acts, its baroque costumes and its employements of champion-level athletes. 

At any time, there are at least 5 troupes perfoming in various part of the world. 

Its headquarters, which double as its performing school, are located in Ville-Marie, New Francy.

[[Category:New_Francy|Cirque du Roi Soleil]]
[[Category:Media and Entertainment|Cirque du Roi Soleil]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Television</title>
    <id>779</id>
    <revision>
      <id>61612</id>
      <timestamp>2009-08-26T10:24:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Geoff</username>
        <id>193</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Known Television Shows */ link</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">= Known Television Broadcasters =
* ABC ([[American Broadcasting Corporation]])&lt;sup id=&quot;fn_1_back&quot;&gt;[[#fn_1|1]]&lt;/sup&gt;
* [[Al-Jazarya]]
* Bayan-1 (formerly TKN-1); [[Turkestan|Turkestani]] broadcaster owned by [[Bayan Telecommunications]]
* BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation)
* CBS (Cambro-American Broadcasting System)
* CTT (''Corporazione Toscana di Teletransmissione''--Tuscan Broadcasting Corporation), southern [[Italy|Italian]] news corporation.
* [[Cerda Ynterynysol an Peldherchyth|CYP]] (Arvorec Broadcasting Company)
* [[Eurovidere Network]]
* [[France 24]], originally known as Canal Franco-Romand des Informations International, or CFII, a French Language International News Group
* [[Louisianne Broadcasting Company|LBC]] Louisianne Broadcasting Company
* [[VoJo]] (Ja Voc Joeva, [[Jervaine|Jervan]] National Broadcasting Company)
* NBC (National Broadcasting Corporation)
* NABC (North American League Broadcasting Company)
* PBN ([[Public Broadcasting Network]])
* PRF (Ten Pémiš Runtfunk unt Fernsén; [[Bohemia|Bohemian]] Radio and Television Broadcasting)
* [[RTÉ]] (Raidió Telifís Éireann) ([[Ireland|Irish]] state broadcaster)
* Télé-Intendance (government sponsored broadcasting network in [[New_Francy|New-Francy]])
* Télé-Laurentie (publicly sponsored broadcasting network in [[New_Francy|New-Francy]]))
* [[Rikets Radio|RR]]  (Rikets Radio)
* Télé-Cogeco (private broadcasting network in [[New_Francy|New-Francy]]))
* Télé-Maisonneuve (private broadcaster in [[New_Francy|New-Francy]]))
* Telefornia (Government sponsored network in [[Alta California]] 
* TPI (''Teletransmissione Piemontese Internazionale''--Piedmontese International Broadcasting), a northern Italian broadcasting network that also broadcasts internationally in many languages.
* Univisión (Private broadcasting network in [[Alta California]]. Broadcasting replaced by Galavisión, it acts as the parent corporation) 
** Galavisión (Targets audiences in [[Alta California]], [[Mejico]], and [[Montrei| Montréi]])
** Telefutura (Bilingual programming, targeting English and Brithenig speakers living in [[Alta California]], [[Montrei| Montréi]], and [[Oregon]])
* VTV (Vatanlıq Televijisi); [[Turkestan|Turkestani]] state broadcaster
* Xayat; [[Turkestan|Turkestani]] private broadcaster
&lt;gallery&gt;
Image:ABC.jpg|ABC
Image:AlJazaryalogo.PNG|Al-Jazarya
Image:Bayan.PNG|Bayan-1
Image:Cbs.jpg|CBS
Image:Nabc.jpg|NABC
Image:Nbc.jpg|NBC
Image:Pbn.jpg|PBN
&lt;/gallery&gt;

= Known Broadcasting Unions =

* [[European Broadcasting Union]]

= Known Production Studios =

* [[Egmont-Nordisk]] A/S
* Hudek Studios
* Warner Brothers Productions, Ltd.
* Barrande Študio, Prák, AK
* Ti Traj Kameráti, Clin, AK (famous Central European studio of animated movie)

= Known Television Shows =
* NABC's [[Sixty Rokk Live]]
* ''[[Abyss]]''
* BBC's ''Are You Being Helped?''
* BBC's ''Allo Allo''
* Bayan-1's ''[[Arslan Bahadır#The New Series|Arslan]]''
* ''[[Defenders of the Earth]]''
* [[Eurovidere]] Network's ''[[Eurovidere Song Contest]]''
** [[Rikets Radio|RR]] hosted the first ''Junior Eurovidere Song Contest''
* NABC's ''[[F.A.L.C.O.N.]]''
* [[Rikets Radio|RR]]'s ''[[Fråga Anders och Måns]]''
* ''[[Guardians]]''
* BBC's ''[[Ill Peleirin]]''
* BBC's ''[[Infrared]]''
* ''[[Jumpers]]''
* ''[[Lance]]''
* CBS's ''Lazaw le Briga-llas'' [Coppers of Hill Lane]
* BBC-ZORRO's ''Llo Phentraeth'' [satirical animation]
* Fudji Television's ''[[Mandate of Heaven]]''
* NBC's ''Night Gallery''
* CBS's ''[[The Omega Documents]]''
* CBS's ''[[Pals]]''
* BBC's ''[[Petey's Railway]]''
* BBC's ''[[Pobl lla Gum]]''
* ''[[Project Arc]]''
* [[Rikets Radio|RR]]'s and [[Lars von Trier]]'s ''[[Rikets Hospital]]''
* Galavisión's ''Sabado Gigante'' (variety show)
* NBC's ''[[Star Wanderers]]'' (competing in the SV2245 timeslot)
* NABC's ''[[Space Voyage 2245]]''
* NABC's ''[[Mariner]]''
* CBS's ''[[The Doctor]]''
* ''[[Traci the Vompire Hunter]]''
* CBS's ''Twilight Zone''
* [[VoJo]]'s ''[[Xarveluc]]'' [sci-fi drama, ''Firefly'' in English]
* BBC-America's ''[[Voyages of the Polycosm]]''
* ABC's ''[[War Moon]]''
* VoJo's ''[[Wigi]]'' [sitcom, ''Friends'' in English]
* VTV's ''[[Arslan Bahadır#The 1969 Television Series|Arslan Bahadır]]''
* Fudji Television/TéléLouisianne/Galavision [[Chefs d'Acier]]
*[[Epic Wilderness Showdown]]
----

&lt;cite id=&quot;fn_1&quot;&gt;[[#fn_1_back|Note 1:]]&lt;/cite&gt;Also used in English to refer to the [[Cerda Ynterynysol an Peldherchyth|CYP]], the Arvorec Broadcasting Company

[[Category:Media and Entertainment]]
[[Category:Television]]
[[Category:Movies]]
[[Category:News Media]]
[[Category:Culture]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Louisianne Broadcasting Company</title>
    <id>780</id>
    <revision>
      <id>18683</id>
      <timestamp>2005-11-11T10:35:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">National Broadcast Entity for [[Louisianne]].  Furnishes Télé 1, 2, and 3.  While not a monopoly for the last 30 years, it has maintained nearly 75% market share.  This may diminish as satellite broadcast looms in the next 20 years, and government entities are highly retarded in their rate of change compared to commercial entities.

[[Category:Media and Entertainment]]
[[Category:News Media]]
[[Category:Television]]
[[Category:Corporations]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nouvelle-Francie</title>
    <id>781</id>
    <revision>
      <id>11827</id>
      <timestamp>2005-02-12T15:55:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marc pasquin</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[New_Francy]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ill Peleirin</title>
    <id>782</id>
    <revision>
      <id>63495</id>
      <timestamp>2009-12-19T07:14:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zahir</username>
        <id>35</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Adversaries */ added a pic</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Ill Peleirin''' is a long-running [[Kemr]]ese science fiction television programme produced by the BBC about a mysterious time-travelling adventurer known only as &quot;''The Stranger''&quot;, (the [[English]] name of the character) who explores time with his companions in a &quot;TEDDRING&quot; (Temp E DDimensiwn Reladiw I NGwaglog), fighting evil.  His most infamous enemies are the ''Ddalec''.  The catch phrase is &quot;Dirumheth! Dirumheth!!&quot; (Destroy! Destroy!!).   Ill Peleirin is also the title of a 1996 television movie featuring the same character. It is common to see the show's title listed as just &quot;Stranger&quot;, even by the BBC, although purists consider this form incorrect.

The programme is one of the longest-running science fiction television series in the world and also a significant part of [[FK]] popular culture. It has been recognised for its imaginative stories, creative low-budget special effects and pioneering use of electronic music (originally produced by the BBC Radiophonic Workshop). Elements of the programme are well known and identifiable even to non-fans. In Britain and elsewhere, the show has only been recently rivaled as a cult television favourite by [[Space Voyage 2245]] and has influenced generations of British television writers, many of whom grew up watching the series. It has received recognition from critics and the public as one of the finest British television programmes, including a BAFTA Award for Best Drama Series in 2006.

The programme originally ran from 1962 to 1990. A series of television movies were made from 1991 to 1996, and were later syndicated as a series of 30 minute segments from 1996 until 1999. The programme was successfully relaunched in 2004, produced in-house by BBC-Kemr. Some development money is contributed by the Commonwealth Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), which is credited as a co-producer in overseas markets, although they do not have creative input into the series. Broadcast outside of the Commonwealth of the 2005 series began on March 17, 2006 in [[Louisianne]], [[Oregon]] and [[Montrei]].

The new series, starring Tom Garvey as Ill Peleirin and Elizabeth Rhinalt as his companion Daisy Knightley, with regular appearances of Gwillam Horsht as a benign, and often useful stowaway in the Teddring began in the FK at 7.15pm, 15 April 2004 on BBC One.  Ill Peleirin is produced by Durfriw Dewi.


== The Stranger ==
The Stranger is an unnamed inhabitant of &quot;The End of Time&quot;, an era in the far future where the entire known universe has been pacified. With a lack of enemies and mastery of regenerative science, humans spend their near immortal life in peaceful philosophical pursuits.  

Craving for the excitements which this era lacked, the man who would become known as The Stranger spent his days trying to devise a machine that would allow him to travel back in time and experience more chaotic times. 

This machine, the TEDDRING actually included not only the Time-Displacement Generator but the entire home of The Stranger which had been caught in the Timewaves when it was first turned on. It was this house then that traveled through time but due to a quirk in parachronic physics it would always rematerialise inside some other construct already in the time period visited. This meant that while the inside of the TEDDRING always remained the same, the outside might be much smaller (in one episode, the TEDDRING door became linked to the flap of a postbox). 

The Stranger thus became an adventurer, visiting famous events and sometime getting caught in them. He also quickly developed an habit of picking up &quot;Time Hitchers&quot; who would travel with him for a time only to leave when they would find a more suitable time period. At one point it was revealed that the periods into which he had traveled were all part of another timeline then his own meaning that his actions would never result in changing his native era.

During one adventure, The Stranger was captured by the Ddalecs and put into their Soul Extractor. When his body was later destroyed, The Stranger was forced to inhabit the body of a comatose patient to be able to interact with the physical world once more. Over the years, The Stranger (now existing as a disembodied being) was forced to inhabit a few different bodies following various incidents that occurred to his then current bodies.   

== Adversaries ==
Originally, The Stranger's adversaries were simply characters from the time period he was visiting but it was decided after a few episodes to introduce a recurring villain. The episode in question, &lt;i&gt;&quot;The Necropolis&quot;&lt;/i&gt;, began with The Stranger deciding to return to a period he had previously visited only to find it changed. Instead of the thriving 1920s Castreleon, he arrived in a desolate and burned version of it covered with graphitis that read simply &quot;The Ddalecs are here&quot;.

[[File:Ddaleks.gif|thumb|ddaleks]]The Stranger later discover that the Ddalecs in question also came from The End Of Time but in an alternate timeline. The humans there had come to the conclusion that all the pain in the world was the result of unpredictability and to achieve the peace they craved they went about destroying everything that they perceived as chaotic (or unDdalec as they referred to it). They eventually shed their organic bodies to inhabit spheres which were not only perfectly identical but also made them much more resilient. 

After having conquered the entire known universe (and subjecting its inhabitants to the same process of soul extraction) they accidentally discovered the existence of other timelines. With the cold efficiency that characterize them, the Ddalecs set about conquering those parallel universes putting them at odds on numerous occasions with The Stranger.

While being The Stranger's &quot;main villains&quot;, other adversaries beside the Ddalecs have appeared over the years including    ''The Hunter'', a native of The Stranger home-era who fear that his meddling in alternate timelines might eventually damage the fabric of time itself. While relentless in his pursuit, The Hunter (unlike other adversaries) has always been shown has an honourable (if misguided) person. 

A group of adversaries seen in some early episodes, the ''Time Raiders'', caused some controversy. These characters, supposedly dark ages Saxon bandits who rode magical &quot;chrono-horses&quot;, were presented more as caricatures of modern Englishmen then historical Saxons and were considered by some viewers to border on racism. The group was dropped after the producers received too many complaints although they later introduced another similarly equipped groups of villains, time displaced Anglo-Norman Knights, who were scraped after only one appearance.

==Other Incarnations==
With the discovery of the Ddalec's alternate timeline came the realisation that many more timelines might exist. This was exploited by the producers who decided to release a feature length movie with a larger budget and different, better known actors. This movie, which was promoted as an &quot;Alternate Adventure&quot; of The Stranger, was generally poorly received due to the liberties it took with the original material (the main character real name being &quot;John Stranger&quot;) while at the same time copying many episodes' storylines.

Although it had been presented from the onset as only an alternate version, it ended up causing much confusion with new viewers many of whom had been introduced to the characters through the movie. It was thereafter decided to institute a policy of &quot;Quod Scripsit Scripsit&quot; meaning that any new timeline introduced would be based on divergence from outside the show continuity (such as a timeline where dinosaurs are not extinct) and not containing &quot;re-imagined&quot; characters or events from past episodes.

This policy had the result that unlike other series, every story, every publication (books, tv specials, radio shows, etc..) are considered to be canonical in regard to its continuity. Because of this, many new stories were written over time to try and mend apparent continuity errors only to create new ones.

==An Excerpt of a More Famous Episode==
Dredged from the Archives of the BBC:


:&quot;But, Mr. Peleirin,&quot; said the loyal companion, &quot;surely the fate of the kingdom and the succession would be at risk if the king died now.&quot;

:The infamous gentleman in motley paused.  It was not for no reason that he was considered older than actors and wiser than ratings.

:&quot;No, my dear,&quot; he replied, &quot;I am strictly forbidden to interfere with your human politics, lest we cross the time streams.  Who knows what could result from that!&quot;

:He bounded away.  &quot;Keep up,&quot; he boomed, &quot;we still have an adbreak left to spoil the fluffy bunny robots' evil plan to destroy the universe!&quot;

''[to be continued...]''

== Trivia ==

* Peleirin often saves the day by &quot;contrwollar lla bolardad di lla fain niwtron&quot; (reversing the polarity of the neutron current).

* Another famous quote is:
&quot;Yst es Castreleon.  Llondin nghoidarew rhen se'll inheir di Ghemr
ddruith-bunent affunaf i lla for.  Fon Ddew! Eo yscurs fil yn Comro!&quot;&lt;br&gt;The quote was used by an alien predator masquerading as the Rheithur of Castreleon and exemplifies for many Kemrese viewers the relationship that exists between London and Castreleon.

* The TEDDRING, as seen on the outside, was originally supposed to always stay the same shape (a dome made of canvas). After a few incidents while transporting and setting it up, it was decided that it would be more cost efficient to simply use some construct on location for the TEDDRING outside appearance.

* The Ddalecs were originally presented as highly religious believing that oneness of appearance and mind would in effect, make the whole of the Ddalec into God. Combined with their nationalistic outlook (seeing their way of life as superior) and a few other not-so-subtle reference to it, the Ddalecs were clearly intended to be an allegory of the SNORist regime. Most overt comparisons (such as the first Ddalec's human name being an anagram of Kornilov) were retconned away over the years.   

* The Incident with the Ddalec's Soul Extractor was written during the 3rd season for practical reasons. The actor that had played The Stranger until then had suddenly left the show after being refused creative input. Some rationale then was required to explain a change in actor. Later, this plot device was re-used whenever a new actor needed to be brought in. 

* After the BBC stopped producing new episodes, the series was distributed in a few others countries where it gained a cult following. With the number of back episodes quickly coming to an end, a conglomerate was set up to produce new ones. a made for TV movie was made but received a disappointing rerun, ending any hope of further non-british episodes being made. Interestingly, one of the staff writer on the TV movie was [[Eugenio Roddenberry]] who went on the produce his on series, &lt;i&gt;Space Voyage 2245&lt;/i&gt;.

* The rumour that Telefisiwn Comroig &lt;!-- Isn't that the BBC? --&gt; was going to get a known transvestite to play Ill Peleirin has been confirmed as a prank.

==External Links==

Opening Credits (English distribution)

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/conculture/files/IB/IllPeleirinweb.wmv.


[[Category:Television]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jumpers</title>
    <id>783</id>
    <revision>
      <id>16733</id>
      <timestamp>2005-10-28T21:00:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">&lt;i&gt;Jumpers&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Saltadores&lt;/i&gt; in the original Castillian) aired in [[Montrei]] from 1995-1998.  The series followed the adventures of a group of &quot;Jumpers&quot; as they &quot;jump&quot; from one parallel universe to another (hence the name).  Due to damage incurred to the jumping device, the jumpers cannot control where or when they jump, and generally got caught up in some kind of trouble on every Earth they landed in.

Some of the worlds visited:
*United North America: a more expansionistic [[NAL-SLC|NAL]] spreads all the way to the Pacific.
*[[Communism]] world: The Communists won the Russian Civil War, and later expanded beyond [[Russia]], dominating the planet
*Pax Romana: Where the [[Roman Empire]] wasn't destroyed and continues to rule the world
*Vive le Roi: Where the French Revolution didn't happen and where the French were able to rout the foreign colonies from North America.

[[Category:Television]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Communism</title>
    <id>784</id>
    <revision>
      <id>46871</id>
      <timestamp>2007-08-28T10:39:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>deprop</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">__TOC__
==The growth of modern Communism==
===Soviet Marxism===
In Russia, the 1917 October Revolution was the first time any party with an avowedly Marxist orientation, in this case the Bolshevik Party, obtained state power. The assumption of state power by the Bolsheviks generated a great deal of practical and theoretical debate within the Marxist movement. Marx believed that socialism and communism would be built upon foundations laid by the most advanced capitalist development. Russia, however, was one of the poorest countries in Europe with an enormous, largely illiterate peasantry and a minority of industrial workers. Nevertheless, some socialists believed that a Russian revolution could be the precursor of workers' revolutions in the west.

The socialist Mensheviks opposed Lenin's communist Bolsheviks' plan for socialist revolution before capitalism was more fully developed. The Bolsheviks successful rise to power was based upon the slogans &quot;peace, bread, and land&quot; and &quot;All power to the Soviets&quot;, slogans which tapped the massive public desire for an end to Russian involvement in the [[First Great War]], the peasants' demand for land reform, and popular support for the Soviets.

The usage of the terms &quot;communism&quot; and &quot;socialism&quot; shifted after 1917, when the Bolsheviks changed their name to the Communist Party and installed a single-party regime devoted to the implementation of socialist policies under Leninism. The revolutionary Bolsheviks broke completely with the non-revolutionary social democratic movement, withdrew from the Second International, and formed the Third International, or Comintern, in 1919. Henceforth, the term &quot;Communism&quot; was applied to the objective of the parties founded under the umbrella of the Comintern. Their program called for the uniting of workers of the world for revolution, which would be followed by the establishment of a dictatorship of the proletariat as well as the development of a socialist economy. Ultimately, their program held, there would develop a harmonious classless society, with the withering away of the state.

In 1918-1919, the victory of the White Army in the [[Russia|Russian]] Civil War forced the main body of the communist party to escape from Russia. Lenin and his followers escaped into eastern Europe, where they formed communist parties in the Danubian Confederation and assisted in the Bavarian revolution. 

Trotsky and his followers, however, escaped into Siberia, and their platform became known as Trotskyism. Later, Siberia was overrun by [[SNOR]]ist, Japanese and Chinese forces, and was eventually reduced into the People's Republic of Chukotka.

Though some follow Trotsky's ideologies today, Trotsky's theories were never re-accepted in worldwide mainstream communist circles. Trotsky's interpretation of communism has only been successful in the Soviet Socialist Republic of Siberia and its successor states.

====Northward escape====
A small contingient of Leninists managed to escape from Moscow, and moved north into Leningrad (Petrograd) and Novgorod, briefly forming the Leningradian and Ladogian Soviet Republics, which later both fell to the SNOR. Ladogian Republic was later re-newed as a tool of new SNOR foreign politics.

After the collapse of the Soviet power in European Russia, the remnants of the Red Army and its leaders escaped into Nassland, with the intention to create an Exilé Committee for Renaissance /of Revolution/ (ECR). Their aim was to maintain contacts with Russian communistic underground, and plan revolution in the Nassian State. Unfortunatly for them, these plans were discovered by Nassian authorities early 1920; ECR was banned, and many of the exponents were arrested and later expelled. Most of them ended up in the Balkans, forming there communist forces, which in future will work for the [[CSDS|Confederation of Soviet Danubian States]].

===Danubia===
During the Second Great War, a civil war between communists and monarchists erupted in the Danubian Confederation, culminating in the victory of the former, thanks to the efforts of Josip Broz and the remnant old-guard from the Russian communist party.

Following Lenin's democratic centralism, the Communist parties were organized on a hierarchical basis, with active cells of members as the broad base; they were made up only of elite cadres approved by higher members of the party as being reliable and completely subject to party discipline.

Each constituant part of the new Confederation of Soviet Danubian States was given autonomy, and, thanks to the efforts of Broz, managed a tenuous coexistance, in acordance with &quot;Bratstvo in Jedinstvo&quot;, Slovenian for &quot;Brotherhood and Unity&quot; (in Dalmatian: &quot;Froatreta e Yunitota&quot;), which reflected Broz's enforced unity of the various ethnic groups (Dalmatian, Serb, Croat, Slovene, Bulgarian, Muslim Slav and Macedonian were the majorities, with small numbers of Albanians, Greeks, Muntenians, Hungarians, Germans and Italians).

After Broz's death however, the Croatian Nationalist, Franjo Tudjman, became head of the Communist Party, and shattered all illusions of coexistance between the peoples of the Confederation. A civil war erupted soon afterward, culminating in the final dissolution of the CSDS.

===Chukotka===
Instead of going westward with Lenin, Trotsky and his followers escaped eastward from the SNOR. After arriving in Siberia, a Trotskyist government was established, occuping most of the Far East of Russia (the SSRS), allying with China. Following a war against Russia and China, the SSRS is partitioned, and ceases to exist.

Following the Russo-Chinese War (1934-1938), the Imperial Soviet Republic of Northern Manchuria (ISRNM) is declared in 1942, as a Chinese Protectorate. However, after the end of the Great Oriental War, the People's Republic of Chukotka was declared in 1949. It became a thorn in Russia's side until the collapse of the SNORist government there in 1991.

===Other Communist States===
====Bavaria====
Assisted in its overthrow of the Wittelsbach Dynasty following the First Great War by Leninists fleeing from the SNOR, the Soviet Republic of [[Bavaria]] was declared in 1919.

Although factions of the Bavarian Communist Party agitated for a pan-HRE revolution, the cooler heads won out. Despite attempts to remove them from power by pro-Monarchists and other right-wing groups, the communist governments, allied with several other left-wing groups managed to hold out.

However, during the 1920s and early 30s, the economic depression gripping the world forced the Bavarian Socialist League to institute various reforms, including a small mesure of democracy to the country, becoming more socialist than communist in nature.

Several Bavarian-sponsered groups assisted the communists in the Danubian Conferedation during their civil war.
====Benin====
The only former Dalmatian Colony to have any notable communist phase.

During the late-1940s, the CSDS attempted to introduce communist elements into the Dalmatian colonies. In 1948, Togo was proclaimed as the Togolese Soviet Republic, and a constituent state state of the CSDS. However, in 1958, due to administrative dificulties, the Togolese SR became a semi-autonomous area, and is granted independence in 1960. It ceases to be communist in 1963, following a coup by Nikola Grunitzky.

Declared the Togolese Socialist Republic in 1973, following a coup led by Maj Maceu Kereku, and later the People's Republic of Benin in 1975. It renounces communism for the last time in 1982, although it retains good ties with the CSDS.

Part of its territory declared itself independent as the People's Democratic Socialist Republic of Benin in 1985. On the 18th of May of that year, the Ewe State proclaimed its independence, it first fell to Togolese, then to Beninese control later that day. On the 22nd, the PDSR of Benin was crushed by Togolese, Gold Coast and Upper Nigervoltan forces and reintegrated with Togo.

====Nea Illenicia====
Somewhat diferent to other communist states, [[Nea Illenicia]] seems to be more of a Christian Communist (''Communalist'') state, with heavy Ecotopian leanings.

In the 1920's, a man, inspired by the teachings of Marx, Lenin and Trotsky stepped to the political fore. Zeoduero Efeseyo developed a form of socialism that bordered on SNORism in its fanaticism to the Orthodox Church, but staunchly adhered to so many of Marx's tenets that it can only be considered Communism. This new political ideal is referred to as efeseyism. It is also different from regular communism in the ecological leanings. One should not compare the efeseyism to ecotopianism, as a Nea Illenician would decry the ecotopians capitulation to capitalist processes.

====Hunan====
[[Hunan]] became a pseudo-Communist nation in 1969, following a coup by Wang Zhenli. Although quickly ousted, he was restored to power in 1978, declaring himself ''Emperor of Hunan and all China''. Its imperialist policies, against Nanhango in 1980, and against Canton in 2003, only led to tragedy on his part. He was ousted in 2003 by Cantonese, who occupied the country (later transfered to Japanese occupation).

====Short-lived Communist States====
*'''Hungarian Soviet Republic''' - briefly existed on a territory of Felvidék (Slevania+Ruthenia), around Budapest and Miskolc between November 1917 and August 1919 (diplomatically unrecognised), following Hungary's defeat in the First Great War. It was brutally put down by loyal royalist forces. Inofficially, few Bohemian infantry divisions and lots of equipment helped exhausted royalists to finish the communistic revolution in Hungary.
*'''People's Republic of Slevania''' - It was the remnant of Hungarian Soviet Republic after Budapest was occupied. It lasted from August 1919 till July 1920 and again in late 1947-1949, when SNORist troops destroyed the communist government, and executed its leadership. The second incarnation was only recognised by other communist nations (notably Bavaria and Chukotka).
*'''Transcarpathian Soviet Republic''' - Declared in August 1919 when Hungarian Soviet Republic fell. Never recognised, and was destroyed by Hungarian royalists in mid 1920.
*'''Venedic Socialist Republic''' - Formed by various Venedic Communist factions in Greater Veneda in late GWII, the republic was only recognised by Bavaria and Chukotka. It fell appart due to infighting in 1948.
*'''Leonina Soviet Republic''' - Formed by an alliance of Venedic People's Front and the Ruthenian Soviet Army in 1947, it was never recognised, and disolved itself in 1949.

==Notable Communist Countries==
These include:
*[[Bavaria|Soviet Republic of Bavaria]] - Nominal only; socialist dominated rather than communist nation
*[[Nea Illenicia]] - [[Ecotopism|Ecotopian]] Socialist
*[[Hunan|People's Socialist Empire of Hunan]] - defunct; communist only in name

*'''[[CSDS|Confederation of Soviet Danubian States]]''' - Defunct
**The Socialist Republic of [[Bulgaria]] (BSR)
**The Socialist Republic of [[Croatia]] (CSR)
**The Socialist Republic of [[Dalmatia]] (DSR)
**The Socialist Republic of [[Sanjak]] (SaSR)
**The Socialist Republic of [[Serbia]] (SeSR)
**The Socialist Republic of [[Slovenia]] (SlSR)

Variants of '''[[Togo]]''':
*Togolese Soviet Republic - Defunct; experimental constituant state of the CSDS
*Togolese Socialist Republic - Defunct
*People's Republic of Benin - Defunct
*People's Democratic Socialist Republic of Benin - Defunct; seperatist movement

'''Russian SFSR''' successor states:
*Siberian:
**[[SSRS|Soviet Socialist Republic of Siberia]] - Defunct
**Imperial Soviet Republic of North Manchuria - Defunct
**[[Chukotka|People's Republic of Chukotka]]
*Northwestern:
**[[Ladogian Republic|Ladogian Soviet Republic]] - Defunct
**[[Republic of Petrograd and Novgorod|Leningradian Soviet Republic]] - Defunct

[[Category: Political ideologies]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>News Agencies</title>
    <id>785</id>
    <revision>
      <id>58982</id>
      <timestamp>2009-04-20T07:03:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caeruleancentaur</username>
        <id>197</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New addition</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">While this refers mostly to those agencies that relay the information in print, IB has had an upswing of television and radio news outlets in the past twenty years.  Among the more noteable are:

* [[Cerda Ynterynysol an Peldherchyth|ABC]] - Arvorec Broadcasting Company
* AFPI - Agence France Presse International
* AMNM - Agencia Mejicana de Noticias Mundiales, [[Mejico|Mejican]] World News Agency
* ANNAC - Agencia Nacional de Noticias De Alta California.
* APA - [[Australasia]]n Press Association
* APD - Axhencia da Presa da Dalmatia 
* [[ASN]] - Asia South News, the news network of South East Asia, based out of [[Monland]] and [[Tenasserim]].
* [[Athonite Beacon]], the weekly newspaper of the [[Monastic Republic]].
* BBCWN
* [[Dagat Huzot]]
* FujiaNET News
* Haqayat News - Primarily [[Turkestan|Turkestani]] Central Asian news service
* [[IBAP]] - Ill Bethisad Associated Presse
* [[Interbalkpress]]
* ITARF
* [[National News Corporation]] in the [[NAL]]
* [[Omnipresse]]
* Pacific Press Association: Scope includes all of Oceania
* Polynesia United News Agency: exclusively Polynesian in scope; it covers Kanawiki, Toga, Henua, Nauru, Aotearoa, etc.; based in [[Tahiti]]
* Press International
* Reuters
* [[Rigets Tidende]]
* [[Weekly World News]]
* [[Wita Warsinie]]
* WSAP

[[Category:News Media]]
[[Category:Culture]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ABC</title>
    <id>786</id>
    <revision>
      <id>11836</id>
      <timestamp>2005-06-19T20:27:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Deiniol</username>
        <id>6</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>redirects to appropriate page</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Cerda Ynterynysol an Peldherchyth]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>IBAP</title>
    <id>791</id>
    <revision>
      <id>16764</id>
      <timestamp>2005-10-28T21:15:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ill Bethisad Associated Presse (IBAP) */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">== Ill Bethisad Associated Presse (IBAP) ==

Based out of [[Castreleon]], [[Kemr]], IBAP has quickly become the world's most trusted news agency, with international offices in nearly every major country, world-wide.

One executive of IBAP was quoted as saying, &quot;If we don't have an office somewhere, it's because there's nothing news-worthy.&quot;

-----

Often pronounced eye-bapp by English speakers.

[[Category:News Media]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Interbalkpress</title>
    <id>792</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28781</id>
      <timestamp>2006-01-26T05:56:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Interbalkpress, based in [[Hungary|Budapest]], is the only independent news service in the Balkans (and the least biased)

[[Category:News Media]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Omnipresse</title>
    <id>793</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31953</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-01T04:53:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">&lt;b&gt;The&lt;/b&gt; [[New Francy|Neo-Francien]] news agency, Omnipresse is often objective in their news unless it has direct relation to [[Louisianne]] or other francophilic topics, wherein they take a pronounced royalist slant.  This is not to be reproached to OP.  They're just addressing their audience.

[[Category:News Media]]
[[Category:Television]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:IJzeren Jan</title>
    <id>794</id>
    <revision>
      <id>48036</id>
      <timestamp>2007-09-11T00:34:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=Jan van Steenbergen}}
{{generic infobox|title=Name in [[Brithenig]]|value=Gion di llo Fontpedr}}
{{generic infobox|title=Name in [[Wenedyk]]|value=&amp;#379;owan Sasom&amp;#281;tany}}
{{generic infobox|title=Name in [[Jovian]]|value=Johan yh Montsaxosa}}
{{generic infobox|title=Name in [[Arvorec]]|value=Yowan o'n Lechvyneth}}
{{generic infobox|title=Name in [[Xliponian]]|value=Iogain a Saqimonn}}
{{generic infobox|title=Name in [[Slvanjek]]|value=Jovan Sóchmútán}}
{{generic infobox|title=Name in [[Gaelic]]|value=Eoin de Cruacnoc}}
{{generic infobox|title=Name in [[Francien]]|value=Jean d'Acier}}
{{generic infobox|title=Nicknames|value=IJzeren Jan, Kriegsherr Jan, Steen}}
{{image infobox|file=Jan_van_steenbergen.jpg|caption=}}
{{birth infobox|date=June 3, 1970|place=[[wikipedia:Hoorn|Hoorn]], [[Batavian Kingdom]]}}
{{generic infobox|title=Place of residence|value=[[Wikipedia:Zaanstad|Zaandam]], [[Batavian Kingdom]]}}
{{generic infobox|title=Profession|value=IT Professional; translator}}
{{generic infobox|title=Natural languages|value=(''in order of proficiency'')&lt;br&gt;[[Wikipedia:Dutch language|Dutch]], [[Wikipedia:English language|English]], [[Wikipedia:Polish language|Polish]], [[Wikipedia:German language|German]], [[Wikipedia:French language|French]], [[Wikipedia:Latin|Latin]], [[Wikipedia:Russian language|Russian]], [[Wikipedia:Greek language|Ancient Greek]]}}
{{generic infobox|title=Constructed languages|value=''(in reverse alphabetical order)''&lt;br&gt;[[Wenedyk]], [[Vozgian]], [[Slezan]], [[Frathwiki:Hattic|Hattic]], Askaic}}
{{generic infobox|title=Interests|value=''(in order of... yes, of what?)''&lt;br&gt;[[Wikipedia:European classical music|Music]], [[Wikipedia:Language|languages]], [[Conlangcity:|constructed languages]]}}, [[Wikipedia:History|history]], [[AltHist:Alternate history|alternate history]]
{{generic infobox|title=IB Related Infos|value=No. 24 on [[The List]], Ilum.}} 
{{generic infobox|title=Dopplegangers|value=[[Żowan Sasomętany]], [[John o the Stone Burg]], [[Jan van Steenbergen]]}}
{{close infobox}}

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[http://www.langmaker.com/db/index.php?title=User_talk:IJzeren_Jan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new http://www.geocities.com/wenedyk/dwergpapegaai.jpg]&lt;br&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Klika sur papagał prokód&lt;br&gt;mi łasar mszatek...&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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'''IJzeren Jan''', a.k.a. '''Gion di llo Fontpedr''', a.k.a. '''&quot;Fierzej Żowan&quot; Sasomętany'''. Number &lt;span style=&quot;border:1px;border-style:solid;background:yellow&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=blue&gt;&amp;nbsp;'''24'''&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt; on [[Ill Bethisad|IB]]'s [[The List|member list]]; &lt;u&gt;Illuminatus&lt;/u&gt;: watches over the All, maintains the chi of IB, tweaks the yin and yang.  With great pomp he has been awarded the title of '''''Syndicatus''''' for his extensive categorization efforts on our wiki.

My real name is, of course, '''Jan van Steenbergen'''. Although most of my work here deals with the [[Republic of the Two Crowns]], the [[Russia|Russian Federation]] and other places in the same corner of the world, I am a resident of the [[Batavian Kingdom]].

My &quot;personal&quot; URL is http://steen.free.fr, but my main IB page is [http://www.geocities.com/wenedyk/ib/index.html Eastern Europe in Ill Bethisad.]

[[Image:Rosette.jpg|right]]
Member of the [[Anti-Spam League]], Regent of [[Ivan Kuskov]], Magistrate of Deletion, Arbiter of Sanitation, and protector of all that is Batavian. Oligarch of the [[Main Page|IB Wiki]]. Assistant Master Map Maker.

Jan is also the Minister of Colonies and Chairman of the Presidium of the Regional Soviet of Marxdijk in the city of Leninstad.  He is a known anarcho-feudalist agitator.
&lt;/div&gt;
|}

{| 
| width=&quot;50%&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |
&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; margin-top:1px; margin-right:1px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#ffffdd; align:right;&quot;&gt;
====Autocratic ruler of====
[[Republic of the Two Crowns]]
====Co-ruler of====
[[Russia|Russian Federation]] - [[Batavian Kingdom]] - [[Florida|Southeast Florida]]
====Temporary chargé d'affaires for====
[[Ukraine]] - [[Latvia]] - [[Danzig]]
====Supervisor of====
All of [[Eastern Europe]]
====Co-supervisor of====
[[Holy Roman Empire]], and in a way all of [[Ill Bethisad]]
====Other areas of interest====
History in general, politics, music, [[SNOR|snorism]], mapmaking&lt;/div&gt;

| width=&quot;100%&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |
&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0; margin-top:1px; margin-right:1px; border: 1px solid #dfdfdf; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#dfefdf;  align:right; &quot;&gt;
=== To do list ===
Have a look at:
*&lt;s&gt;[[Marsdieperwaard]]&lt;/s&gt;
*[[King Wilhelm I]]
*[[Kaiser Wilhelm II]]
*[[Kingdom of Prussia]]
*&lt;s&gt;[[Engelbert Dolfuss]]&lt;/s&gt;
*&lt;s&gt;[[Kurt von Schuschnigg]]&lt;/s&gt;
... and report to [[User:BoArthur|Dan]].

Create few more templates, including:
*a &quot;welcome&quot; template for new (unknown) users;
*a &quot;warning&quot; template for users who are not behaving properly;
*&lt;s&gt;a &quot;blocked&quot; template for vandals.&lt;/s&gt;

Destubbing [[Arakan]], [[Atjeh]], [[Batavian Kongo]], [[Leeuwenbergland]], [[Perm Republic]] and [[Tsjinzoerah]].

Updating the [[Categories Tree]].
&lt;!--- with the following: 
Category:Supervillains (League of Righteousness)
Category:Supervilans (League of Righteousness)
Category:Graphic Novels (League of Righteousness)
Category:Telecommunications
Category:Maps of France
Category:Maps of Romania
Category:Maps of Europe
Category:Famous Crimes
Category:Teen-Righteous
Category:Storm Surge
Category:Superheroes (League of Righteousness)
Category:Project Arc
Category:Galaxy Bridge
Category:League of Righteousness
Category:How to tell if you're...
Category:News
Category:First Presidents of Louisianne
Category:Heirs
Category:French Pretenders
Category:Princes of Louisianne
Category:Incumbents
Category:Prime Ministers of Japan
Category:People
Category:Flags of the BK
Category:Muntenia
Category:Comics
Category:Maps of Louisianne ---&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
|}

{| 
|width=&quot;50%&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |
&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0; margin-top:1px; margin-right:1px; border: 1px solid #dfdfdf; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#ffdfdf; align:right;&quot;&gt;
=== Bookmarks ===
[[User:IJzeren_Jan/Nocice|Notes]] - [[Categories Tree]] -[[Special:Listusers|User list]] - [[:Category:Proposal|List of proposals]] - [[Special:Blockip|Block user]] - [[Special:Newpages|New articles]] - [[Wikipedia:User:IJzeren Jan|My wikipedia user page]] - [[Wikipedia:Public domain image resources|Public domain image resources]] - [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Extended_template_syntax Extended template syntax]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}

__NOTOC__
__NOEDITSECTION__</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rikets Tidende</title>
    <id>795</id>
    <revision>
      <id>16745</id>
      <timestamp>2005-10-28T21:05:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Den til Forsendelse med de Kongelige Brevposter privilegerede Rikets politiske og Avertissements Tidende&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (a.k.a. &lt;i&gt;Rigets Tidende&lt;/i&gt;), is the world's oldest continuously published newspaper. It first appeared on the 3rd of January 1749. At first, the newspaper was a biweekly paper. In 1841, it became a daily. It is one of the most widely read newspapers in the [[Scandinavian Realm]] today, as it has a public service role and is the official organ of the Scandinavian government.

= History =
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/da/a/a7/Berlingske-tidende-1749-side1.jpg

Rikets Tidende can be regarded as a continuation of the &lt;i&gt;Extraordinair Relationer&lt;/i&gt;, which the energetic printer Joachim Wielandt published at the start of 1721. Upon his death, his charter went to his widow, who lacked the same business competency as her late husband. She therefore sold the charter to the immigrant Mecklenburger, the printer Ernst Heinrich Berlin, in 1748. So from 1749 he recieved the permission to print &quot;the news, Danish, German, French, and intellectual and related notifications&quot; that Mrs. Wielandt previously had published.

The main paper bore the title &lt;i&gt;Kjøbenhavnske Danske Post-Tidender&lt;/i&gt;, which was placed on top of a rendering of the Danish-Norwegian arms. This first version came biweekly and marked a turning point in the history of the Scandinavian press in that it was the first regularly printed newspaper, as well as being edited along the same journalistic principles that is still followed today. Different fonts were used so that it was easier to scan the paper's various topics and columns of texts were used for the first time. The paper's various sections are very much like today. The first section was dedicated to foreign political correspondences; after that followed news from within the realm. Berlin's sources for foreign news came mostly from newspapers from Hamburg. Then came a section about life in the capital where appointments, declarations, and court news played an important role, but one could also read about various undertakings and localities in the capital. The final sections included lists of those born and those deceased, price quotes, and finally advertisements.

In accordance with Wielandt's privileges, Berlin also printed German and French language editions of his paper; the former with the title &lt;i&gt;Kopenhagener Deutsche Post-Zeitungen&lt;/i&gt;, and the latter &lt;i&gt;Gazette de Copenhague&lt;/i&gt;. The French language edition, however, was only published for ten years.

In 1762, the paper changed name to &lt;i&gt;De til Forsendelse med Posten alene privilegerede kjøbenhavnske Tidender&lt;/i&gt; (translated roughly in English as &quot;The Privileged Copenhagen Times Sent Exclusively by Mail&quot;). In 1809, the paper changed name again to &lt;i&gt;Den til Forsendelse med de kongelige Brevposter privilegerede Rigets Statstidende&lt;/i&gt; (translated roughly in English as &quot;The Privileged State-Times of the Realm Sent by Royal Mail&quot;).

The advent of steamships and improved modes of communications allowed the newspaper to be distributed much more quickly throughout the Scandinavian Realm. So by the end of the 1820's, the paper became a daily during the summer months.  At the same time, since the name of the paper could be misinterpreted abroad to mean that the government was the true editor, the name was changed again to: &lt;i&gt;Den til Forsendelse med de Kongelige Brevposter privilegerede Rigets politiske og Avertissements Tidende&lt;/i&gt; (translated roughly in English as &quot;The Privileged Political and Advertisement Times of the Realm Sent by Royal Mail&quot;). The orthographical reform of 1889 altered the name only slightly to: &lt;i&gt;Den til Forsendelse med de Kongelige Brevposter privilegerede Rikets politiske og Avertissements Tidende&lt;/i&gt;.

From 1841 onwards, the paper was published daily throughout the year except sundays and holidays. From 1844, there were morning and evening issues. Sunday and midday issues were first seen in 1913.

From the very beginning Rikets Tidende has had a public service role and has held its position as the official organ of the Scandinavian Realm government where official announcements and declarations were officially published. It had therefore quite naturally been supported by the government and has always represented conservative interests.

Up until the 1990s, the paper came only in Scandinavian and German language editions. During the late 1990s, biweekly editions in the other lingua francas of the Scandinavian Realm were introduced. These are the Bengali, Chinese, Cruzan, Ga, Mon, Thai, and Tamil language editions.


[[Category:News Media]]
[[Category:Scandinavian Realm]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Weekly World News</title>
    <id>796</id>
    <revision>
      <id>16713</id>
      <timestamp>2005-10-28T20:52:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Reporting integrity? Ethics? Government control of the media?

If you're looking for that, go somewhere else, mindless sheep.  Weekly World News is an informative, opinionated news journal.  Yes, we have our poster child, Chiroptoman, who has his own off-Bredeweg musical.  Yes, we're un-controlled by the [[NAL-SLC|NAL]] government, or any government.  But we tell the truth as we see it, without pandering to governments' desires to with-hold information from common man.

A noteable NALian MP says &quot;I tell thee, this is apparently the most widely-read news magazine in the world.  They are all the REAL odd happenings in the world, condensed into one newspaper.  Thou thinkst the Weekly World News lies?  Well, I'll have thee know I've met Chiroptoman's cousin!  He's in my constituency!&quot;

[[Category:News Media]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wita Warsinie</title>
    <id>797</id>
    <revision>
      <id>50571</id>
      <timestamp>2008-03-11T09:38:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>corr Wenedyk</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox_Company |
  company_name   = Wita Warsinie|
  company_logo   = [[Image:Witawarsinie.gif|250px|Wita Warsinie]] |
  company_type   = National Company|
  company_slogan = ''Uszkiełtamy''&lt;br /&gt; We are listening|
  foundation     = 1929|
  location       = [[Warsina]], [[Republic of the Two Crowns]]|
  key_people     = [[Pawe&amp;#322; Czekow]], CEO &amp; Director|
  num_employees  = 2,350|
  industry       = Daily Newspaper, Broadsheet|
  products       = Newspaper |
  revenue        = [[Image:green_up.png]]'''''Ŧ''''' 15 million (fiscal 2004)|
}}

'''Wita Warsinie''' (''Warsina Life'') is one of the largest national newspapers in the [[Republic of the Two Crowns]]. Published in [[Wenedyk]].  English translation is picked up by the BBC and rebroadcast to the world at times.

The first edition ever of the Wita Warsinie (often referred to as '''WW''') was published in November 1948 in Praga, the part of the city on the northeastern shore of the Wis&amp;#322;a, shortly after it had been liberated by [[Russia]]n forces and when the rest of Warsina was still under [[Germany|German]] occupation. Originally, Wita Warsinie acted primarily as a local newspaper for the Warsina area, but with the years it gradually developed into a national newspaper, although most of its subscribers are still inhabitants of the capital.

[[Image:Warsina.jpg|thumb|left|150px|A twilight shot of the Wita Warsinie building in downtown Warsina.]]

Wita Warsinie has one of the largest paper circulations in Eastern Europe.  Due to the size of the Wita Warsinie print network they have taken up office space in one of [[Warsina|Warsina's]] larger skyscrapers.

[[Category:RTC]]
[[Category:News Media]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cultural Mentalities</title>
    <id>798</id>
    <revision>
      <id>50955</id>
      <timestamp>2008-05-24T18:44:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elemtilas</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Cultural Mentalities''' (not to be confused with [[Political Ideologies]]) are sets of minds influenced by cultural memes, which are aspects of culture that are inherently passed on from one generation to the next just like genes. Every ethnic or cultural group has certain positive and/or negative aspects in their cultural mentality -- preconceptions, mythconceptions, prejudices and the like -- that influence the way they behave. Some of these aspects can create interesting misunderstandings between cultural groups. [[Ill Bethisad|IB]] is full of them:

* [[Aboriginal Rights]] - A view that the natives of the North and South American continents as well as those of [[Australasia]] deserved better treatment at the hands of the white settlers.
* [[Counter Culture Movements]]
* [[Colonies Without Colonialism]]
* [[Concept of Face|Face]] - issues of shame and redemption
* [[Concept of Fundamentalism|Fundamentalism]]
* [[Gallosphere]] - A Francophone movement of cultural identity.
* [[Jante|Jante's Law]] - peculiar to the [[SR]] and its associated territories
* [[Less Is More]] - subtle form of competition through lack of extravagance, ofttimes demonstrated in the NAL.
* [[National Realism]] - Artform patronized by [[SNOR]]
* [[Pioneering Spirit]] - perceptions that being the first or the biggest is better
* [[Concept of time|Time]] - perceptions of time and priorities
* [[Top Nation]] - certainly a Good Thing, according to the people of the [[Federated Kingdoms]]
[[Category:Cultural Mentalities]]
[[Category:Culture]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Destino Castellano</title>
    <id>799</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25553</id>
      <timestamp>2006-01-03T03:55:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">A belief held by the former [[Florida-Caribbea]], that the entire Caribbean basin was meant to be under their control, and it was their Castilian Destiny to do so.  This belief led Florida to conduct a series of wars over the course of the 20th Century to subjugate the Caribbean basin and create a unified nation.

They had only succeeded in their goals when less than 5 years later Florida-Caribbea detonated a nuclear device on the [[Cruzan Islands]], precipitating the [[Florida War]], which brought an end to Florida-Caribbea as an entity, and presumably the ideal of ''Destino Castellano''.

[[Category:Political ideologies]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Florida-Caribbea</title>
    <id>800</id>
    <revision>
      <id>59246</id>
      <timestamp>2009-05-04T22:36:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caeruleancentaur</username>
        <id>197</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>Several spelling corrections.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{Nation infobox}}
|+ &lt;big&gt;'''La Presidencia de la Tierra Florida y las Antillas'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Presidency of Florida and the Antilles'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|colspan=2 align=center | [[Image:flag_florida.jpg]]
|-
|colspan=2 align=center | &lt;small&gt;National motto: ''...''
|-
|'''Languages''' ||
|-
| Official  || [[Castilian]]
|-
| Other || [[English]], Scandinavian
|-
|'''Capital''' || [[Miami (city)|Miami]]
|-
|'''Important Cities''' || [[Havana]]
|-
|'''Last President''' || [[Bush#James (Jaime) E. Bush|Jaime Bush]]
&lt;!-- |-
|'''Area''' || ...
|-
|'''Population''' || .. --&gt;
|-
|'''Independence''' || from [[Castile and Leon]]
|-
|(declared) || 1898
|-
|(recognized) || 1898
|-
|'''[[Currency#Florida-Caribbea|Currency]]''' || 1 peso = 16 soles
|-
|'''[[Supranational Organizations|Organizations]]''' || [[CELCAGOM]]
|}

'''Florida''' is a geographic region consisting of the southeasternmost peninsula of North America; it was also a state of the now-defunct nation of '''La Presidencia de la Tierra Florida y las Antillas''' (originally Imperio Castellano de las Floridas; then República Nacionalista y Revolucionista de las Floridas), or simply '''Florida-Caribbea''' as it was commonly known in English, and was composed of mainland [[Florida]] and all of the Caribbean islands. 

==Early History==
Florida was first made known to Europeans in 1513, when the [[Castile and Leon|Castillian]] conquistador Juan Ponce de León discovered it on Easter Sunday, &lt;i&gt;Pascua Florida&lt;/i&gt; in Spanish.  This &lt;i&gt;Florida&lt;/i&gt; was the source of the name.  In 1559, [[Pensacola]], in [[West Florida]], was founded, but was destroyed by a hurricane a few years later and abandoned for a period.  In 1565, the city of San Augustín, on the eastern coast, was founded, and has remained continuously inhabited.  San Augustín is generally considered the oldest permanent European settlement in North America, but [[West Florida|West-Floridians]], especially Pensacolians, often insist that Pensacola is the oldest.  The Castillians came into conflict with both the [[France|French]] and the [[England|English]] over the borders of Florida, which originally extended all the way west to the Mississippi, and as far north as modern-day Carolina.

In 1705, England acquired Florida down to the 29th parallel from Castile, as a result of England having captured Pensacola and San Augustín.  England divided Florida into two halves, [[West Florida]] and [[East Florida]] and setllers entered the newly opened provinces.  Castile founded a settlement in the Tampa Bay area in 1708, and named the southern penninsula la Florida del Sur (South Florida).  When the [[NAL-SLC|NAL]] was founded in 1803, East and West Florida were founding members and by this time had a large Federated-American population.  This state of affairs did not last long.  Taking advantage of the new nation's weakness, and the also recently-formed [[Federated Kingdoms]]'s concerns with France, the Castillians invaded, re-annexing East and West Florida.  The NAL was unable to preserve East Florida, but part of West Florida held out, with the help of [[Cherokee Nation]].  The eastern part of what was left of West Florida was ceded to Cherokee Nation in gratitude for their assistance.  In 1819, Castile sold the land west of the Perdido River to the NAL, giving them access to the Gulf of Mejico.  The NAL province of West Florida renamed itself [[Mobile]] Province after the new capital of Mobile.  Portions of Florida continued to change hands for several years, but the new NAL was unable to win any decisive victory and the American Floridians were left to their own devices. Periodic border skirmishes occured with the NAL provinces of [[Jacobia]] and Cherokee Nation, but things remained largely calm.  

==History Since Independence==
In 1898, the former Castilian territory of Florida broke away as an empire consisting of three regions: West Florida, East Florida (these were unable to extricate themselves from the new Floridian Empire that replaced Spanish rule), and South Florida plus a few islands with grand plans to conquer many more. The Constitution of 1955 consolidated the three regions into a single state divided into 15 distritos.  While developing the concept of [[destino castellano]], which held that Florida-Caribbea had a kind of regional and national mandate to unite the whole Caribbean basin into one country, the plans for a general annexation were put into effect. Thus, the &quot;Gran Armada Libertadora&quot; began wars of conquest against their neighbours, and in short order had conquered the majority of the region: Turks and Caicos (1940); Santo Domingo, Lesser Antilles (1943-5), Trinidad and Tobago (1951), Caymans (1952), [[Cruzan Islands|Cruzans]] (1946), [[Cuba]] (1953), Bahamas (1974), Jamaica (1979), [[Batavian Antilles]], Okefenokee (2000), Mosquito Cays (2002, returned to [[England]] and then to the [[Mosquito Coast]] in 2003).

Not all of Florida's actions in the region have been violent.  Santo Domingo joined Florida willingly in 1904; conflicting documents allude to payolas between the President of the [[Florida| Floridas]] and the colonial governors of [[Martinique]] and [[Guadeloupe]] in 1915, resulting in the peaceful annexation of those territories.  Florida took advantage of Cuba's 1953 Revolution, by supporting certain key events and members of the Cuban revolutionary movement, in order to take the Crown Jewel of the Caribbean. Shortly after that, in 1955, the &quot;Constitución de la Nación&quot; was reformed to reflect the addition of Cuba and Hispañola as member states coequal with [[Florida]], a new state formed from the merger of [[East Florida]], [[West Florida]], and South Florida. In 2002-2003, Florida-Caribbea was at war again with [[Hayti]], in an attempt to reconquer and subdue the Creole-French speaking nation. It had long been Florida's position that [[Hayti]] is a renegade territory in a state of rebellion against the Federal Government. 

The last president was Jaime [[Bush]] (1990-2004), brother and frequent rival of the former [[Tejas|Tejan]] dictator Jorge Walker [[Bush]].  Due to Florida's less than ideal treatment of some of its smaller territories, talk began in '03 of a new [[Florida War|war]] between a [[League of Nations]] sanctioned Grand Coalition ([[NAL-SLC| NAL]], the [[Federated Kingdoms|FK]], the [[Scandinavian Realm|SR]], [[France]], [[Castile and Leon|Castille-Leon]] and [[Dalmatia]]) and Florida-Caribbea.  

North Florida had not forgotten its English past, and many of the English descendants resented the Hispanic governors of Miami.  Particularly former West Florida remained quite close with their American neighbor, Cherokee Nation.  Relations between FC and the NAL soured in the 70's, as FC &quot;liberated&quot; the Bahamas and [[Jamaica]], and crossed the Perdido River, taking back the land sold in 1819.  A newly inflamed series of border skirmishes led to the building of a veritable line of fortresses along the border.

By June 2003, Florida had definitively supressed the &quot;Haytian Rebellion&quot;; and proffered its [[Caribbean Plan]] to the NAL, FK and SR, most likely in an attempt to prevent a war with those powers.  The Plan called for international recognition of FC's aggrandised territory; and offered [[condominium]] status between several of its provinces and their former colonial governments as a conciliatory move designed to remove the principal reason the NAL and the SR desired to go to war in the first place.

After the Caribbean Plan went into effect, the Cruzans became more outspoken in deciding their own affairs and to express more openly what they thought of the Hispanic population. When the homesteading system was reintroduced, the Hispanic population really began to feel persecuted by the Cruzan population. This situation, marred by the SR's use of piracy, destabilised the region and led to civil war, a coup and the eventual involvement of the Commonwealth, the Scandinavian Realm and France in a general war. The end result was an atomic wasteland where once stood the lovely town of Charlotte Amalie, and the dismantling of Florida-Caribbea by those organisations that lost member territories. In the post-war period, many documents have been archived by the RTC's occupation forces. Several of these record various plots and schemes by members of the Cortes dissatisfied with Presidente Bush's reforms and the Caribbean Plan itself. No fewer than nine known attempts on the Presidente's life were made; with known plans for a further fourteen, many of which were drawn up by scheming Cortes members or disaffected justices of the High Court.

Before the war, rumors of a Constitutional Convention slated for 2004 or 2005 abounded, with the end of cementing the Plan and its effects into national Law. The antagonism between the NAL and FC boiled over into the 2004 [[Florida War]], and northern Florida, consisting of the former West Florida and East Florida, plus the northern part of former South Florida, were occupied by the NAL, while eastern South Florida was occupied by the [[Republic of the Two Crowns]], and the west by [[Ireland]].  Provisional governments were quickly set up in the NAL zone for the re-established West and East Florida (which now included all of NAL-occupied Florida east of the Appalachicola, including that area that was formerly South Florida).  The northern Floridas, West Florida &amp; East Florida were recently readmitted to the NAL.  The European Zone is still in question, and progress has been dramatically delayed due to the Furocanos of 2004 and 2005. The war officially lasted from March 13, 2004, until March 25 of the same year. The rapidity of the action is credited to the debilitating coup coupled with the massive combined invasion forces.  During this period, on March 18, [[Bush]] was overthrown by General Silva-Gonzales, who was later convicted for war crimes (on June 16) by a SR court to exile in [[Antarctica]].  

The General, one day after the coup, ordered the use of an atomic bomb in Charlotte Amalie, capital of the Cruzans. A few days later came the attempted atomic bombing of [[New Orleans|Nouvelle Orleans]] in [[Louisianne]], which resulted in an atomic blast on the Gulf Coast, causing radioactive rain to fall on [[Saint-Onge|St. Onge]], the Gulf Coast NAL provinces and some of Florida.  Currently, Cuba and Porto Rico have been restored as nations, while the rest of the Caribbean has been returned to their pre-&quot;Liberation&quot; status.  [[Florida]] itself is currently occupied by the [[Ireland|Irish]] in the south east, and the [[Republic of the Two Crowns]] in the southwest.  The north has become two NAL provinces, [[East Florida]] and [[West Florida]].  The status of [[South Florida|Southern Florida]] is at present unclear.

In light of the direction the war actually took, many have wondered why the SR didn't use the atomic bomb in Florida-Caribbea first. Of course, the obvious answer was that F-C was not really worth the effort. Only one minor colony had been lost, and like the NAL and FK, the SR did not seek an immediate redress of that loss. Another answer is that the SR may well have suspected that the Floridian armed forces had a bomb of their own, and were afraid of retaliation against any bombing of mainland Florida. Of course, their worst fears became reality after the coup when Gen. Silva-Gonzales pre-emptively used an atomic bomb in Charlotte Amalie.

Incompetence on the part of the RTC as occupiers and hesitance on the part of the Irish to further the indpendence of their own territories ultimately led to an uprising in the northern parts of Coroner held territories. Four regions declared indpendence late in 2008 as the [[Commonwealth of Four Palms]]; a further rebellion in the Rzebamarz province was brutally quelled in the aftermath. As of March 2009, Four Palms has gained the recognition of many countries as an independent country, has ratified a constitution and plans on holding elections in May 2009.

==Administration==
===Government===
Florida-Caribbea was originally constituted as an empire, then a nominal republic ostensibly within the [[Central American Community]], settling at last upon a presidential dictatorship which it has remained for much of its history.
====Rulers of Florida since Spanish Times====

*1898-1900 Agustin I de Borbon
*1900-1901 Cabrera-Lopez
*1901-1934 Agustin Orlandez
*1934-1970 Villanueva
*1970-1983 [[Francisco López]]
*1983-1988 Villa-Lobos
*1988-1990 Jose-Maria Andersen-Matamoros
*1990-2004 Jaime Bush

Between 1901 and 1970, the official title of the Presidente was: &lt;i&gt;Presidnte de la Republica Nacionalista y Revolucionista de las Floridas, el Conde de Orlando, el Muy Honorado Senyor (name)&lt;/i&gt;.

After 1970, the official title of the Presidente was: &lt;i&gt;El Grandissimo y Poderissimo Presidnte de la Republica Presidencial Nacionalista y Revolucionista de Tierra Florida y las Antillas, el Conde de Orlando, el Muy Honorado Senyor (name); Presidente y Caudillo de la Republica y Gran Ministro de Justicia y Protector de la Ley; Capitan Generalissimo de las Fuerzas Armadas; Fuente y Padre de la Nacion&lt;/i&gt;.
====Form of Government====

Under the Presidency, Florida-Caribbean government was divided into an executive-legislature and an executive-judiciary. The Cortes was composed largely of wealthy hidalgos and condes of ancient Castilian aristocracy plus a number of wealthy Native caciques and important religious and economic leaders. Some positions were elected, others hereditary, still others appointed through an increasingly corrupt &quot;civil service&quot; system. The president was the leader of the Cortes, and so there was no formal division between the legislature and the executive. On the judicial side, the court system was composed of several levels of local and national courts plus several heritage legal systems (notably Jamaica and Bahamas; Cuba and the Cruzan Islands) that maintained some pre-Union traditions. Again, there was no formal separation between the executive and judiciary: the president served as the final arbiter of all legal issues and had the power to overturn High Court decisions.

==Administrative Divisions==
[[Image:Florida.jpg|right]]
Florida-Carribea was divided into 3 ''Estados'' and (nominally) 6 ''Provincias'', each further subdivided into ''Distritos''
*Estado de la [[Florida]]
**El Transperdido
**Pensacola
**Bahía de San Andrés
**Apalachicola
**Aucilla
**Suani
**Avilés
**San Agustín
**Alachua
**Bahía de Tampa
**Orlando
**Ais
**Bahía de Carlota
**Ocachobi
**Miami i los Cayos
*Estado de [[Cuba]]
**Pinar del Río
**La Habana
**Matanzas
**Las Villas
**Camagüey
**Oriente
**Turcas i Caicos
**Caimán
*Estado de Hispañola
*Provincia de Hispañola Occidental ([[Hayti]])*
*Provincia de [[Porto Rico|Pôrto Rico]]
*Provincia de las Bahamas
*Provincia de [[Jamaica]]
*Provincia de las [[Antillas Menores]]
**Antigua i Barbuda
**San Cristóbal i Nieves
**Montserrat
**Guadalupe
**Dominica
**Martinica
**Santa Lucía
**Grenada
**Barbados
**Tobago
**Trinidad
**Nueva Holanda ([[Batavian Antilles]])
*Provincia de las [[Cruzan Islands|Islas Cruzadas]]

&lt;nowiki&gt;*Note:&lt;/nowiki&gt; The nominal ''Provincia de Hispañola Occidental'' was officially reckoned by FC to be a rebel province.  It governed itself as a ''de facto'' sovereign state

==Geography==
===Borders===
North: [[North American League]]&lt;br&gt;
West: [[Louisianne]], Gulf of Mexico, Carribean Sea&lt;br&gt;
South: Carribean Sea&lt;br&gt;
East: Atlantic Ocean
==Economy==
The currency of the Empire was identical to that used in the colonial period. After the First Republic was declared, a currency of one peso equalling sixteen soles was instituted. This currency remained in effect until 2004. It is a matter of interesting legacy that the old Florida-Caribbean 1 sol coins are still legal tender in the NAL provinces of West and East Florida at a value of 1/3d.

Many people around the world considered Florida-Caribbea to be a &quot;two bit banana dictatorship&quot;. For the most part, their assessment is quite defensible. The form of government is very centralising and almost designed to promote graft, corruption, payola and embezzlement. The country seems to have managed its affairs mostly through the tourist trade (resorts, theme parks, cruise lines, etc), tropical/semi-tropical agriculture serving the NAL and [[Louisianne]] with citrus and other fruits year round, a lively film industry and serving as a major port center for shipments arriving from South America and southern Africa.
==Culture==
Of note is [[Jante's Law]].
===Languages===
The official language of Florida-Caribbea was Castillian. Other languages spoken include Seminole, French, English, Scandinavian, various Creoles.
===Religion===
The official religion under the empire was the Isidorian Catholic Church. Non-Christian religions and non-Catholic Christian churches were obliged to pay a special religions tax. Other Catholic churches were exempt. This same church continued to be the primary church within the later republics, and among the Iberian populations, approximately 99% of the population were listed as Isidorian Catholics.

==See also==
*[[South Florida]]
*[[Commonwealth of Four Palms]]
*http://www.geocities.com/ill_bethisad/florida.htm for more information on Florida
*http://www.geocities.com/elemtilas/ill_bethisad/news.htm, for news about this troubled country.

==Source Materials==
{{Ibsource}}

The following as of the eve of the great Caribbean War...

La Presidencia de la Tierra Florida y las Antiles (originally La República Nacionalista y Revolucionista de las Floridas), or simply Florida-Caribbea as it is commonly known, is composed of mainland Florida and all of the Caribbean islands. Two years and two revolutions after its constitution in the aftermath of the 1898 War, Florida's &quot;Gran Armada Libertadora&quot; began wars of conquest against its neighbours, and in short order had conquered the majority of the region: Turks and Caicos (1900); Santo Domingo, Lesser Antilles (1903-5), Trinidad and Tobago (1911), Caymans (1912), Cruzans? (1946), Cuba (1953), Bahamas (1974), Jamaica (1979), Batavian Antilles, Okefenokee (2000), Mosquito Cays (2002, returned to England and the Mosquito Coast in 2003). 

Not all of Flordia's actions in the region have been violent. Santo Domingo joined Florida willingly in 1904; conflicting documents allude to payolas between the President of Florida and the colonial governors of Martinique and Guadaloupe in 1915, resulting in the peaceful annexation of those territories. Florida took advantage of Cuba's 1953 Revolution, by supporting certain key events and members of the Cuban revolutionary movement, in order to take the Crown Jewel of the Caribbean. As of 2002, Florida-Caribbea was at war again with Hayti, in an attempt to reconquer and subdue the Creole-French speaking nation. It has long been Florida's position that Hayti is a renegade territory in a state of rebellion against the Federal Government. 

The current president is Jaime Bush (1990), brother and frequent rival of the former Tejan dictator Jorge Walker Bush. Due to Florida's less than ideal treatment of some of its smaller territories, there are rumblings of new War between a League of Nations sanctioned Grand Coalition (NAL-SLC, the FK?, the SR, France, Castille-Leon and Dalmatia) and Florida-Caribbea. As of June 2003, Florida definitively supressed the &quot;Haytian Rebellion&quot;; and proffered its &quot;Caribbean Plan&quot; to the NAL, FK and SR, most likely in an attempt to prevent a war with those powers. The Plan calls for international recognition of Florida's aggrandised territory; and offers condominium status between several of its provinces and their former colonial governments as a conciliatory move designed to remove the principal reason the NAL and the SR desired to go to war in the first place. Tejas's position is unknown, though it is an important supplier of helium to the NAL-SLC and its dirigible fleet is one to be reckoned with in any Caribbean action. Cuba and Hispañola (Santo Domingo) will also have to be reckoned with, as they are staunch and committed members of the Presidency, not to mention that Hispañola has a particular interest in reuniting the island under a single government. The &quot;Constitución de la Nación&quot; was reformed in 1955 to reflect the addition of Cuba and Hispañola as member states coequal with Florida. Rumors of a Constitutional Convention slated for 2004 or 2005 abound, with the end of cementing the Plan and its effects into national Law.

Not every aspect of Floridian life is centered around war and conquest. For a long time, Florida has been a major producer and exporter of citrus products. It is also a major resort destination, for North Americans as well as Europeans and Iberian Americans. The city of Orlando was declared by presidential fiat a &quot;Resort Capital&quot; of Florida. Noting the popularity of
America's roadside wonders, the Warner Brothers (American producers of cartoons and second rate movies) expressed interest in creating a roadside wonder/theme park in the Sunbelt. Florida was already a hot spot for American
tourists, so president Villanueva in 1965 ordered the clearance of land around Orlando in order to build the world's grandest amusement park. It consists of a number of rides, concessions, music halls and seasonal entertainments. Children love to meet Bugs and all his pals at the gate.

----

Some comments and responses on Florida: 

Question: &lt;EM&gt;Is Florida a &quot;two bit banana republic dictatorship&quot;? I was under the impression that it's pretty well-off.&lt;/EM&gt;

Response: It was indeed well off, but that was spoilt by years of mismanagement and corruption the effects of which are still felt to the present day. 

Even now, no one takes Florida seriously. I know the world (and the SR in particular) have no great love or respect for Bush, though he is vèry much the reformer. [The Bush character *there* would have made a good 19th century US president *here*.] He is hampered by a terribly complex and byzantine burocracy and a sort of monied aristocracy that make up the Cortes and of course a terribly corrupt Justice System. 

Well, he probably won't last too long at it. There are not a few in the Cortes (quite a few with money connexions in the Cruzans) that were not in favour of the Plan, are not in favour of his democratic reforms and blame him for the loss of Tejas. Jaime may have been a bumbling penny-ha-penny dictator, but he WAS an extra ace in Florida's pocket. 

They have a couple other aces up various sleeves, mind. 

Comment: &lt;EM&gt;I think things would be very different if the SR did use the bomb on Florida, and we have established too much already. So we need to explain why the SR didn't use it.&lt;/EM&gt;

Response: _At the time_, I simply doubt Florida was worth the effort. Keep in mind that the FK and the NAL neglected to pursue Florida's advances in the Caribbean as well. Personally, I think their plan was simply to wait for a particularly corrupt dictator to come along and buy their territories out of hock. Clearly that strategy didn't work too well. Even if they had the bomb, the NAL would never use the thing; and I doubt any FK nation would nuke Florida over lost colonies. 

Let's face it: Florida is NO Imperial Japan! Between thee and me, if the SR decided to simply trounce Florida, I bet they could take over everything but Florida and Cuba within a year. Of course, the FK and NAL will not want to be left out of liberating their own territories; such a war could probably be done within three months. 

----

Some comments on the Cruzan situation, according to Scandinavian expert Kristian Jensen: Bush is also hampered by the extreme cultural differences between the Latin-based culture of Hispanic Floridia-Carribeans and the Scandinavian-based culture of the Cruzans. If there is one negative cultural trait that the Virgin Islanders (both *here* and *there*) have inherited from Scandinavia, then its envy. The reason behing the intense envy towards Hispanics prevalent in the Cruzan Islands can be found in the Jante's Law mentality, which was described by the Dano-Norwegian author, Aksel Sandemose, of consisting of the following ten commandments: 

1 Thou shalt not presume that thou art anyone important.&lt;BR&gt;
2 Thou shalt not presume that thou art as good as us.&lt;BR&gt;
3 Thou shalt not presume that thou art any wiser than us.&lt;BR&gt;
4 Thou shalt never indulge in the conceit of imagining that thou art better than us.&lt;BR&gt;
5 Thou shalt not presume that thou art more knowledgeable than us.&lt;BR&gt;
6 Thou shalt not presume that thou art more than us in any way.&lt;BR&gt;
7 Thou shalt not presume that that thou art going to amount to anything.&lt;BR&gt;
8 Thou art not entitled to laugh at us.&lt;BR&gt;
9 Thou shalt never imagine that anyone cares about thee.&lt;BR&gt;
10 Thou shalt not suppose that thou can teach us anything.&lt;BR&gt;

These ten laws stand as a fairly accurate depiction of moral code in Scandinavia as well as the Cruzan Islands today. It can be said that many Cruzados live by these laws, consciously or not, and embrace them deeply. Envy, despite being a Christian sin, is a principle part of Jante's Law. Breaking this social code means that your neighbors will despise you for your individuality, uniqueness, or an excess show of wealth. In fact, one could venture to say that in Cruzan society, breaking Jante's Law is in and of itself much worse than committing the sin of envy. 

Despite the fact that the Scandinavian Realm is a monarchy where a couple of states even have a ruling nobility, Jante's Law ensures that all states are largely egalitarian. The royals and the nobility do not flaunt their wealth and status as much as in other monarchies, and the monarch has been reduced today to a symbolic head of state with virtually no powers. 

What purpose does Jante's Law serve in Cruzan society today? Sandemose wrote, &quot;By means of Jante's Law, people stamp out each other's chances in life.&quot; This cruel statement taken by itself paints a harsh and unforgiving picture of Cruzado society. Yet, the laws serve a purpose deeply rooted in historical background. In early provincial Scandinavia and its former colonies, strong community solidarity was necessary to tie people together and to survive as a collective. The survival of the community as an entire entity was more important than any individual member, and thus the moral code behind Jante's Law was formed. Very provincial. 

When emancipation was granted to the Cruzan Islands in 1849, Jante's Law became more prevalent in the Cruzado society, and the disparity between incomes gradually grew lesser. The Cruzan Islands was well on its way to becoming an egalitarian state after it received its independence in 1937. The Cruzan Islands were in the process of dismantling the old plantation system and introducing the homesteading system. However, this development was suddenly interrupted ten years later when Florida invaded the islands and reintroduced the plantation system where rich Floridian hacienda owners took over the remaining plantations and bought out the homesteaders. 

It should come as no surprise that Florida's violent way of annexing the islands has left a deep-seated grudge with most Cruzans: &quot;Florida shall not presume that it is anything important to us, as good as us, wiser than us, etc.&quot;. Alonso Rivera's laissez-faire style of governing the islands worked well for Florida in so far as it allowed the Cruzans to govern themselves with no interference from Florida. But the grudge against the Floridians was always there, particularly against the rich Hispanic plantation owners. 

After the Floridian Plan went into effect, the Cruzans became more confident to decide over their own affairs and to express more openly what they think of the Hispanic population. When the homesteading system was reintroduced, the Hispanic population really began to feel pursecuted by the Cruzan population. 

----

2004 has been a devastating year for Florida-Caribbea. After the referrendum on the Caribbean Plan, Florida fully expected that life could return to normal and peace could at last settle over the country. However, that peace was shattered when one of the provinces, the Cruzan Islands, decided to vote independence for itself. This illegal action on the part of the Cruzans government and the stubborn refusal of the Cruzan leadership to step down forced Florida to take military action. Shortly thereafter, a long planned but ill conceived coup d'etat toppled Mr Bush from the presidency and flung Florida into an unwinnable war that has utterly destroyed the country.

Scandinavian historian Kristian Jensen wrote a short article on the matter:

The Florida War took place in March, 2004. The immediate cause was the declaration of independence by the [Cruzan Islands]?, but it is really much more complicated. 

The islands had long been an unhappy conquest of Florida-Caribbea, and a source of friction between FC and the Scandinavian Realm. On the 30th of July, 2003, as part of Jaime Bush's Caribbean Plan, an FC-SR condominium status for the Cruzans was approved in a referendum. 

However, a constitutional crisis then arose shortly afterwards. In the Cruzan Constitution, any changes of sovereignty must be approved in a referendum with a 75% yes vote and with more than 50% voter-turnout. While the voter turn-out was indeed way above 50%, the approval of the Caribbean Plan was just barely 53%. The question was whether the referendum about a change in sovereignty. The Cruzan High Court resolved this when they ruled on the 12th of June, 2003, that the referendum was not about sovereignty issues. But rumours of corrupt High Court judges and payola stifled the credibility of this ruling for months to come. 

In September 2003, the Cruzan Parliament passed a law, the Homesteading Plan, which allowed the Cruzan government the right of first purchase whenever an estate was for sale. Estates purchased by the Cruzan government were then to be divided into smaller portions, which were then to be sold as homesteads, where native Cruzado citizens have the right of first purchase, other Scandinavians second, and other Antilleanos third. 

In the following months, Cruzans started to discriminate against Hispanic residing in the islands in what seemed to be a deliberate attempt to force them to sell their properties. Hispanic owned shops were boycotted, and violence towards Hispanics increased as well. Hispanic residents began to pack up and leave. 

On the 5th of February, 2004, Cruzan Television broadcasted a documentary, which claimed that two of the three Cruzan High Court judges were paid by Floridian Vice President Simon Eugenio Higgins-Calvo to rule in favor of the Floridian plan. The Cruzans were outraged. But so was Miami. Alleging that the Cruzan Islanders were ethnically the islands against the Hispanic residents, Bush sent in a contingent of the Guardia Nacional. The Cruzan Islanders objected to the troops, objecting to the claims of ethnic cleansing, insisting that the emigration of Hispanics was entirely voluntary. 

On February 20, the Cruzan Islanders called for a new referendum on full sovreignty to be held on the 29th. FC sent in more troops to &quot;restore order&quot;. A formal declaration of independance was made on March 12. Florida could not accept this declaration. They arrested several Cruzan personalities and executed them, including Alonso Rivera, former Floridian governor of the Cruzans and Nobel Peace Price candidate. Fighting broke out between Floridian and Cruzan troops. 

On the 13th, in response to Floridian aggression against the Cruzan Islanders, the SR declared war on FC. The NAL soon joined the SR's coallition. On March 18, Jaime Bush was overthrown as President by General Silva-Gonzalez. The next day, an atomic bomb was exploded in Charlotte Amalie, the capital of the Cruzan Islands. On the 23rd, the NAL invaded northern Florida, while the SR and her allies invaded in the South. The SR forces went completely berserk, after hearing that their West Indian capital had been completely destroyed by an atomic bomb, and fought with frenzied rage. The entirety of the Floridian penninsula was secured by the 24th. In a last-ditch effort by FC diehards against the coalition, a second atomic bomb was exploded aboard a small boat in the Gulf of Mexico causing radioactive contamination of the entire lower Mississippi Basin. 

Many SR troops could not control their rage, and let out on Florida's cultural treasures, destroying several monuments, burning museums, desacrating graves, and confiscating much of &lt;I&gt;Banco de Florida&lt;/I&gt;'s gold and silver reserves. The SR promptly received international condemnation for their excessively harsh treatment of Florida, but were allowed to keep the gold and silver reserves to pay for the destruction of Charlotte Amalie. 

After the war was over, the SR handed their occupation zone to the Republic of the Two Crowns. Ireland also has a small share of Florida. Cuba and Porto Rico have been restored as independent nations, while the rest of the Caribbean has been returned to its original, pre-conquest, status. The American occupation zone of Florida appears to be Americanizing now, and may soon become NAL provinces.[KJ]

The only portion of the old regime left unconquered is the eastern half of the island of Hispannola. The Louisianans have made some overtures towards invading that part of the island, but as of mid 2004, the island's destiny is an unknown. As 2004 has progressed, it seems that Haytian Emperor Dieudonné III shall end up ruling a unified Hispannola island.

----

A correspondence concerning Florida from June 2004:

&lt;pre&gt;

--- Nik Taylor wrote:

&gt; Padraic Brown wrote:
&gt; &gt; I think that's just a matter of tradition, the
&gt; &gt; Council Fire business. A sort of first step, and
&gt; &gt; certainly a good photo op! The Convention is
&gt; &gt; indeed the one that will decide yea or nay.
&gt; 
&gt; Makes sense.  What will the Floridas need to be
&gt; considered?  

_UNOFFICIALLY_ the NAL very much wants Florida,
if for no other reason than to keep it out of
trouble. Various and sundry Plans, Schemes,
Discussions and white papers have been floating
around Philly regarding the Floridian Question.
The answers have been somewhat veiled and opaque,
but largely point towards Florida in some way
becoming an American territory. Some prefer a
kind of colony that can be directly administered
from Philly; others prefer full provincehood,
because that would avoid uprisings and the other
provinces could nudge the Flordians back onto the
right track should anything go amiss. Plus,
provincehood would create a tighter and closer
bond than independence or colonyhood would do.

_OFFICIALLY_ the sooner Florida can adopt and
adapt to some civilised form of government, i.e.,
something along the lines of the NAL itself!, the
better. The civilian administration has been
working on instituting some democratic reforms in
elections processes and eliminating the curiously
Floridian art known as Graft and Kickback from
the day-to-day running of goverment offices.
Ideally, we'd like government appointees,
employees and elected officials to do their jobs
because of a sense of duty to King and Country,
not because they want to stuff their pockets with
five quid notes.

Naturally, &quot;King&quot; with respect to Florida would
be no more than a figure of speech. Unlike the
British and Scandinavian provinces, being a
&quot;subject of the monarch&quot; would be rather
irrelevant, since they don't have one.

&gt; I would imagine some kind of provincial 
&gt; constitution (charter?).  

Yes. Some form of Charter, and the means to put
it into effect, will be required.

&gt; Will the question of money come before or after
&gt; acceptance?  

That's not really a question. If they are
accepted, the Castillian words that translate
pound, shilling and penny* will be used. Libra or
escudo are likely candidates for pound. Peso is
most likely out, because that reminds one too
much of the previous regime. Perhaps soldo or
peseta or escudo could be adopted for &quot;shilling&quot;
and perhaps denario or rubio or maravedi could be
adopted for &quot;penny&quot;.

The sol coins have already been declared valid at
3 to the penny; so a new denomination could come
into being in Florida in place of the half penny.
Or they could skip pennies altogether and use
soles: you'd have coins of one sol (1/3d) 3 soles
(1d) and 9 soles (3d). Therefore, a 1-20-720
prgression. In any event, the two systems mesh by
using the grano (or 1/3f coin) which is a twelfth
of a penny and both the sol and farthing are even
multiples.

Apart from that, the Promise needs to be
translated into Castillian. Based on models from
*here* (Mexico and Argentina): &quot;Prometo pagar la
cantidad de £X al portador&quot;.

Naturally, the banking system would have to be
integrated into that of the NAL. Can't have an
individual province sinking its economy by
printing itself into inflationary oblivion!

&gt; Any other requirements?

They'll have to learn probably English at least
as a second language and might want to become
familiar with Brithenig and Tsalagey... You know,
it's Summer and the beaches will beckon!

Of course, that's reciprocal - admission of the
Floridas will mean a new language in the
Convention Hall!

&lt;/pre&gt;

It should be noted that West Florida and East Florida are to be readmitted to the NAL (after some two centuries under Castilian and Floridian rule) in January or February of 2005.

Following is a(n anymore not so) recent thread on the evolution of modern Floridian history.

&lt;pre&gt;

Date: Sat, 28 Jun 2003 15:06:07 -0700 (PDT) 
Subject: Re: [conculture] Two wars down, one to go? 

--- Kristian Jensen &lt;kljensen@image.dk&gt; wrote:

&gt; &gt; NEWS IN BRIEF, Georgetown, Maryland: May 12, 2003.
&gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; TWO WARS DOWN, ONE TO GO? That's what everyone in Philadelphia is asking
&gt; &gt; today, now that two of the world's three hotspots have cooled down
&gt; &gt; somewhat. As of last week, the war in Hunan is over, leaving Canton, their
&gt; &gt; Commonwealth allies and other foreign friends victorious.

&gt; I'm still behind by about 500 posts, so forgive me if what I'm about to write
&gt; is not up to date. 

Not entirely! I've been waiting for your return, so I can find out what those
Scandinavian warmongers are going to do next!! ;)

&gt; But after reading the above news brief, I suspect that a League of Nations
&gt; will assemble a meeting very soon (if it has not already), to discuss what to
&gt; do with Florida's refusal to recognize Haytian, Cruzan, and other Westindian
&gt; sovereignty.

Naturally, the LoN will meddle - but they're notoriously slow to consider
acting; and even slower to act. And when they do, it'll most likely be a slap
on the wrist.

The trouble will naturally come in the form of the &quot;Grand Coalition&quot; - and what
the individual Governments of its members decide to do! Anyway, it is to these
Governments (less Spain and France) that the Treaty and Plan are addressed. 

Spain's support for war is dwindling, as the F-C is a major trading partner;
France is considered a meddling irrelevancy to the matter at hand.

RE: the Caribbean Plan.

&gt; A group of FK, SR, and NAL officials have been sent by the League of Nations
&gt; to Florida for one final parley with the Floridian government. Their terms,
&gt; as always:

They will be made welcome, as always, but should realise that they are not in a
position to dictate terms. Rather, the Plan and the Treaty are offered _to_ the
SR, NAL &amp; the FK.

&gt; Florida-Caribbea must accept that they don't have any claims to and must
&gt; recognize the independence of; Hayti, Jamaica, the Virgin Islands, the
&gt; Bahamas, and the Lesser Antilles.

Naturally, this is not possible. European powers have no business dictating to
Florida its own ideas concerning internal Floridian policies. Florida is well within its rights to despatch rebellious regions as it sees fit.

&gt; In return, the FK, SR, and NAL governments will recognize Floridian
&gt; sovereignty over Florida, Cuba, Eastern Hispaniola (Dominica), and San Juan
&gt; Island (Puerto Rico).

We would be laughed at (by you) if we demanded that the SR restrict itself to
no more than its Oldenburg lands.

&gt; Refusal on the part of Florida-Caribbea to accept the above terms will compel
the League of Nations to sanction the use of force against Florida-Caribbea.

The LoN should concentrate on the Plan, rather than issue demands and dictate unreasonable terms. Naturally, Florida is comprehensive in its desire to rebuild war-torn regions (Hayti and the Cruzans are of especial interest here), enhance regions neglected by former colonial powers and improve the lot of all Antilleanos; it is also quite liberal in its plan to foster regional autonomy and in its offer of condominium status to selected annexed regions. It explicitly lays out an expanded array of civil rights and governmental limitations that will come to be in the new Florida. It also lays out the groundwork for a Constitutional Convention within the next year that will enshrine these rights, currently enjoyed by non-colonial Floridians, for all.

For example, current (colonial era) restrictions on the press, religious rights, suffrage and migration will be lifted. As of now, most colonies have decent educational systems (but are not accessible to all) and poor healthcare. Those too will change. Economic issues are to be dealt with, on a national and regional basis, and the range of inflated colonial currencies are to be abolished in favour of the peso.

Padraic.

&lt;/pre&gt;
----
&lt;pre&gt;

Date: Mon, 30 Jun 2003 12:44:31 +0200 
Subject: Re: [conculture] Two wars down, one to go? 

----- Oprindelig meddelelse -----
Fra: &quot;Costentin Cornomorus&quot; &lt;elemtilas@yahoo.com&gt;
Til: &lt;conculture@yahoogroups.com&gt;
Sendt: 29. juni 2003 00:06
Emne: Re: [conculture] Two wars down, one to go?


&gt; --- Kristian Jensen &lt;kljensen@image.dk&gt; wrote:
&gt; -----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; The LoN should concentrate on the Plan, rather than issue demands and dictate
&gt; unreasonable terms.

I wrote all this before I read about the plan. I was still catching up, y'know ;)

Anyways, the plan looks fairly reasonable. But there are a couple of
adjustments and clarifications that'll have to be made before it is fully
acceptable to both the SR and the Cruzan gov't-in-exile.

&gt; Naturally, Florida is comprehensive in its desire to rebuild war-torn regions
&gt; (Hayti and the Cruzans are of especial interest here),

Ah yes... all those colorful neo-classical dano-norwegian buildings in
Charlotte Amalie, Frederiksted, and Christiansted. They'll have to be
renovated. Especially for the tourism industry. Fresh water has also always
been a problem - the Cruzan Islands, as small as they are, have no aquifers to
speak of. So there must be made some arrangement to import fresh water from
Florida-Caribbea. The sugar-pipelines would also have to be rebuilt to get the
agriculture economy going.

&gt; enhance regions neglected by former colonial powers and improve the lot of
&gt; all Antilleanos;

I can't speak for other former colonial powers, but the SR constitution
explicitly states that all citizens (whether in Scandinavia proper or in the
associated states) are guaranteed exactly the same rights and standard of
living.

&gt; it is also quite liberal in its plan to foster regional autonomy and in its
&gt; offer of condominium status to selected annexed regions.

Autonomy is important. Question is, what new status would the Cruzan Islands
have? If the Cruzan Islands are to become a condominium, how much autonomy will they have from the Floridian gov't? Would the Cruzan gov't still be in free association with the SR gov't, or would it have to be reclassified as an
affiliate to the SR gov't (like New Sweden and New Iceland)?

&gt; It explicitly lays out an expanded array of civil rights and governmental
&gt; limitations that will come to be in the new Florida. It also lays out the
&gt; groundwork for a Constitutional Convention within the next year that will
&gt; enshrine these rights, currently enjoyed by non-colonial Floridians, for all.

Sounds alright.

&gt; For example, current (colonial era) restrictions on the press, religious
&gt; rights, sufferage and migration will be lifted.

There are no current colonial era restrictions in the Cruzan Constitution.

&gt; As of now, most colonies have decent educational systems (but are not
&gt; accessible to all) and poor healthcare.

That's not a fair assessment. It's difficult to provide decent educational and
healthcare systems when the land is under dispute.

&gt; Those too will change. Economic issues are to be dealt with, on a national
&gt; and regional basis, and the range of inflated colonial currencies are to be
&gt; abolished in favour of the peso.

If that's so, that would mean that that the Cruzan islands would be an affiliated SR state rather a freely associated one.

***

The Cruzan Constitution must be respected. As dictated by the Cruzan Constitution, any changes to the sovereignty of the Cruzan Islands must be put
to a referendum, where only Cruzan citizens can vote. There are two sovereignty
issues in the Floridian plan that needs to be put to a referendum:

1) The change of the Cruzan Island's sovereignty status from an SR state to a
condominium state between the SR and Florida.

2) The change in the currency.

Obviously, it'd be most practical to put (1) to the vote first. If the result is a &quot;yes&quot; to the change in sovereignty, then (2) can be put to the vote.

If the vote to (1) is a &quot;no&quot;, then the plan must be revised and then put
through another referendum.

***

The probationary period of the condominium status must be discussed in more
detail. How long is the period? What are the conditions of the probation?

***

The SR's share of the condominium only involves the territory within Cruzan
sovereignty. Therefore, the SR and the Cruzan gov'ts will not accept getting
involved in any conflict that Florida may be drawn into. This includes fighting
privateers and covert operatives outside the territorial waters and airspace of
the Cruzan Islands, whether they are our citizens or foreign citizens.

On a related note: The SR privateering fleet has at the moment been instructed
to pause on their activities. But a few private military companies are
anticipating the end of their services. Some that have surrendered their privateering licenses intend to go on without legal backing from the SR.

***

The map provided by the plan is incorrect. The Cruzan Islands also includes the
Crab (Vieques) and Culebra Islands. If it indeed was the intention of the plan
that Crab and Culebra islands be taken from Cruzan sovereignty, then this must
also be put to a referendum.

-kristian-
 
&lt;/pre&gt;
----
&lt;pre&gt;

Date: Mon, 30 Jun 2003 10:05:39 -0700 (PDT) 
Subject: Re: [conculture] Two wars down, one to go? 

--- Kristian Jensen &lt;kljensen@image.dk&gt; wrote:

&gt; &gt; The LoN should concentrate on the Plan, rather  than issue demands and
&gt; &gt; dictate unreasonable terms.
&gt; 
&gt; I wrote all this before I read about the plan. I was still catching up,
&gt; y'know ;)

Well, naturally, the Scandinavians should actually _read_ the Plan before they spout off! ;)

&gt; Anyways, the plan looks fairly reasonable. But there are a couple of
&gt; adjustments and clarifiactions that'll have to be made before it is fully
&gt; acceptable to both the SR and the Cruzan gov't-in-exile.

Just to make a clarification: for the most part, the Plan is not a negotiable
offer. Certainly, there are points where some leeway will be granted (and know
this: the Cruzans are being given more leeway than any other territory!); but 
the Cruzados must be more accepting of reality as well.

&gt; &gt; Naturally, Florida is comprehensive in its desire to rebuild war-torn
&gt; &gt; regions (Hayti and the Cruzans are of especial interest here),
&gt; 
&gt; Ah yes... all those colorful neo-classical dano-norwegian buildings in
&gt; Charlotte Amalie, Frederiksted, and Christiansted. They'll have to be
&gt; renovated. Especially for the tourism industry.

Naturally. Tourism is the big draw in most of the territories!

Also, what do those cities correspond to *here*? I might as well change those
on the map.

&gt; Fresh water has also always been a problem 

[Actually, I didn't know that!]

&gt; - the Cruzan Islands, as small as they are, have no aquifers to speak of. So
&gt; there must be made some arrangement to import fresh water from Florida-
&gt; Caribbea. The sugar-pipelines would also have to be rebuilt to get the
&gt; agriculture economy going.

Such infrastructure would be emplaced whether or not the SR accepts the Treaty.

&gt; &gt; enhance regions neglected by former colonial powers and improve the lot of
&gt; &gt; all Antilleanos;
&gt; 
&gt; I can't speak for other former colonial powers, but the SR constitution
&gt; explicitly states that all citizens (whether in Scandinavia proper or in the
&gt; associated states) are guaranteed exactly the same rights and standard of
&gt; living.

Naturally, the language of the Treaty and the Plan are as inclusive as possible. It just won't do to make a statement and then require a paragraph explaining which colonies it did or didn't apply to. The Cruzans are considered to be one of the more enlightened territories.

&gt; &gt; it is also quite liberal in its plan to foster regional autonomy and in its
&gt; &gt; offer of condominium status to selected annexed regions.
&gt; 
&gt; Autonomy is important. Question is, what new status would the Cruzan Islands
&gt; have? If the Cruzan Islands are to become a condominium, how much autonomy
&gt; will they have from the Floridian gov't? 

Naturally, local governance will have to come from the Cruzados themselves;
just like any other province. Matters of defense, international diplomacy and
the like will come from the appropriate capital (either Miami or La Habana);
just like any other province.

&gt; Would the Cruzan gov't still be in free association with the SR gov't, or
&gt; would it have to be reclassified as an affiliate to the SR gov't (like New
&gt; Sweden and New Iceland)?

More the latter. Florida isn't _quite_ as loose-reined as the NAL in this
matter. It would be a little more like a US state *here*: this is not a
revocable union, and external matters of defense and diplomacy are to be
handled from Miami without consultation with the SR.

&gt; &gt; It explicitly lays out an expanded array of civil rights and governmental
&gt; &gt; limitations that will come to be in the new Florida. It also lays out the
&gt; &gt; groundwork for a Constitutional Convention within the next year that will
&gt; &gt; enshrine these rights, currently enjoyed by non-colonial Floridians, for
&gt; &gt; all.
&gt; 
&gt; Sounds alright.

This period is as much about internal development of Florida than about petty
conquests.

&gt; &gt; For example, current (colonial era) restrictions on the press, religious
&gt; &gt; rights, sufferage and migration will be lifted.
&gt; 
&gt; There are no current colonial era restrictions in the Cruzan Constitution.

There are an appaling number of Governors, however, who have operated quite
independently of their colonial home offices. They make Florida's mistreatment of their territories look good!

&gt; &gt; As of now, most colonies have decent educational systems (but are not
&gt; &gt; accessible to all) and poor healthcare.
&gt; 
&gt; That's not a fair assessment. It's difficult to provide decent educational
&gt; and healthcare systems when the land is under dispute.

Shamefully (?), annexed territories have not always been treated as equal to
the Provinces. Anyway, even prior to 1946, medical facilities in the Cruzans
were somewhat lacking. Medical facilities in all territories will be brought up
to AMF (Floridian Assiciation of Physicians) standards; for international
comparison, these standards are equivalent to Kemrese and American standards.
[I.e., the Best! :) ]

Educational standards will also have to be brought up to spec. Local Boards of
Education will largely remain in control of local schools; but the standards
and curricula must meet national goals. Some localities will have an
established BoE imposed upon them for one reason or another; usually because
the locality is too small or poor.

&gt; &gt; Those too will change. Economic issues are to be dealt with, on a national
&gt; &gt; and regional basis, and the range of inflated colonial currencies are to
&gt; &gt; be abolished in favour of the peso.
&gt; 
&gt; If that's so, that would mean that that the Cruzan islands would be an
&gt; affiliated SR state rather a freely associated one.

Sounds about right.

&gt; ***
&gt; 
&gt; The Cruzan Constitution must be respected. 

Such parts of it that do not contradict National Law or the Constitution will
be left intact. The Constitution of the Presidency is the supreme Law of the
country; as such, it must not be superceded by any Provincial constitution or
territorial legal code.

&gt; As dictated by the Cruzan Constitution, any changes to the sovereignty of
&gt; the Cruzan Islands must be put to a referendum, where only Cruzan citizens
&gt; can vote.

A mere formality, however.

&gt; There are two sovereignty issues in the Floridian plan that needs to be put
&gt; to a referendum: 1) The change of the Cruzan Island's sovereignty status from
&gt; an SR state to a condominium state between the SR and Florida.

While the de facto annexation of the Cruzans in 1946 is immutable; such a vote
would not be disallowed, and could be considered cathartic.

We shall simply have to hope that the Cruzados will see sense and won't be
unduly swayed by spin and propaganda!! ;)

&gt; 2) The change in the currency.
&gt; 
&gt; Obviously, it'd be most practical to put (1) to the vote first. If the result
&gt; is a &quot;yes&quot; to the change in sovereignty, then (2) can be put to the vote.
&gt; 
&gt; If the vote to (1) is a &quot;no&quot;, then the plan must be revised and then put
&gt; through another referendum.

It must be stressed once again that, while the Plan is for the benefit of the
territories, the consent of the territories is not a prerequisite.

The only consent that is required for the fullness of the Plan to take effect
is that of the former colonial governments. This consent is required for issues such as state of war or peace and for condominiumhood to take effect.

That the Cruzados are allowed varying levels of &quot;choice&quot; in the matter is
singular (and, rumour has it that the Cruzan Provision only barely passed
through Congress). Most territories will simply have the Plan and a new
government imposed, and that shall be that. 

&gt; ***
&gt; 
&gt; The probationary period of the condominium status must be discussed in more
&gt; detail. How long is the period? What are the conditions of the probation?

Ah. The probationary period is only to take effect in Mobile (Florida del
Occidente). After that period and an evaluation process, the annexed territory will be returned to the NAL province of Mobile.

The reason for this is simple: Mobile was temporarily siezed as a means of a) keeping Lousiana in check and b) preventing the NAL easy access to the Gulf
from the west. Assuming that the GM and the FP give their Governments' nod of
approval to the Treaty, Mobile will be returned unmolested. As it stands, the
internal governance of Mobile is unaltered and life has continued unchanged
apart from a strict border control policy.

&gt; ***
&gt; 
&gt; The SR's share of the condominium only involves the territory within Cruzan
&gt; sovereignty. Therefore, the SR and the Cruzan gov'ts will not accept getting
&gt; involved in any conflict that Florida may be drawn into. 

The Nation would not expect help from the SR. The Armed Forces have long been a
voluntary organistion (since 1983): Cruzados will be free to choose whether or
not to engage in military services to the Nation. Naturally, such will be
encouraged but none will be compelled or drafted. Also, under the new migration
policies, any that wish to render military service to the SR or one of its
states shall be free to do so. In fact, a portion of their time served would
count towards retirement benefits from the Floridian Military should they
decide to pursue such a career. The only stipulation is: should the SR and
Florida engage in war during their time of service in the SR military, such
persons serving with the SR will not be allowed to return to Florida.

It should also be stressed that the Islas Cruzadas will become a coequal
province within the Presidency. As such, Provincial cooperation will be
required!

&gt; This includes fighting privateers and covert operatives outside the
&gt; territorial waters and airspace of the Cruzan Islands, whether they are our
&gt; citizens or foreign citizens.

Any Cruzan officer that refuses to render aid to any Floridian military vessel,
or to any commercial vessel regardless of registration, will be subject to
military Law. It might also be of interest to note that, under the Floridian
military code, our vessels would be required to render assistance to
Scandinavian military vessels that come under attack; whether or not the
Government is officially involved in the matter. Same would apply to American
and Scottish vessels under attack.

&gt; On a related note: The SR privateering fleet has at the moment been
&gt; instructed to pause on their activities. 

The SR is to be commended for this action! Naval forces will be alerted of the
change in status of these irregulars.

&gt; But a few private military companies are anticipating the end of their
&gt; services. Some that have surrendered their privateering licenses intend
&gt; to go on without legal backing from the SR.

They will naturally remain fair game for persuit, seizure and punishment as
previously.

&gt; ***
&gt; 
&gt; The map provided by the plan is incorrect. The
&gt; Cruzan Islands also
&gt; includes the Crab (Vieques) and Culebra
&gt; Islands. If it indeed was the
&gt; intention of the plan that Crab and Culebra
&gt; islands be taken from
&gt; Cruzan sovereignty, then this must also be put
&gt; to a referendum.

Ah yes. The original plan was to draw the line at
65degW, thus creating Eastern and Western
Antilles regions. Margarita and Tortuga would
thus have become a Province. Final provincial
boundaries have not been decided on as of yet;
but it is seen as a Good Thing for &quot;colonial
units&quot; to continue as Provinces. Thus, I am sure
that those two islands will remain with the
Cruzans.

The updated map is corrected to reflect proper
Cruzan territorial extent. It also shows the
(most likely) finalised boundaries for the
English and French and Batavian islands.

*****

As a side note, regarding the use of terms like
&quot;territory&quot; and &quot;province&quot;. The Presidency is
divided up in various fashions to allow for
smooth local governance that interfaces will with
higher levels of Government.

At the top, naturally, is the Constitution, which
is the supreme Law in effect within the
territorial extent of the Presidency. Neither
foreign laws nor lower level charters must be
allowed to supercede it. Under the C comes the
National Congress, the President, the Court
systems and all local constitutions and charters.

Under Congress come all the civil Provinces
(Florida, Cuba, Hispaniola, etc.) and Territories
(Cruzans, Bahamas, Batavian Antilles, etc.), each
Province having a Governor and an assembly. Each
Province may be further divided into Prefectures
(roughly counties in the US) and Municipalities
which are the local units of government. The
Territories are generally overseen by a
Territorial Governor, often in conjunction with
the precolonial government that may still be in
place. Traditionally, these have been the
personal fiefs of senior Congressmen or business
leaders (undoubtedly, this has been one of the
principal complaints of the Cruzados!); as they
were not responsible to the people of their fief
and only marginally responsible to Congress. This
state of affairs was altered in 1996; but little
has been done to relieve the situation since.
Hence the Plan. Usually, a Territroy is not
subdivided; but that will undoubtedly change once
Provincial status is conferred.

Under the President come the Military Provinces,
which are those areas that are under direct
military governance. Curently, Hayti, Turks &amp;
Caycos and Caymans are the only M-Ps. A military
governor is assigned by the War Department and
that person is in charge of keeping order and
offering basic infrastructure support. Any local
subdivisions and government structures are
suspended pending return to postwar civil
control. Also suspended or restricted are civil
rights, the press, etc.

Under the Department of the Navy come the special
Naval Provinces. These are, especially, the San
Andres group and Swan Is. Any cay or small rock
not privately owned, any lighthouse installation
and any deep-anchored naval station in the
Atlantic fall under this category. For the most
part, there are no civilians on these places and
the military code is in effect.

In general, each Province and Territory has its
own tradition of government and its own
constitutions or colonial charters. For the most
part, those will be swept away in order to
eliminate any colonial influence; local
populations will be required to formulate new
constitutions. If they don't do it now while the
Plan is taking effect, they will probably have to
do so once the National Constitution is
considered in next year's convention.

Padraic.
 
&lt;/pre&gt;
----
&lt;pre&gt;

Date: Wed, 2 Jul 2003 08:27:39 +0200 
Subject: Re: [conculture] Two wars down, one to go? 

----- Oprindelig meddelelse -----
Fra: &quot;Costentin Cornomorus&quot; &lt;elemtilas@yahoo.com&gt;
Til: &lt;conculture@yahoogroups.com&gt;
Sendt: 30. juni 2003 19:05
Emne: Re: [conculture] Two wars down, one to go?


&gt; --- Kristian Jensen &lt;kljensen@image.dk&gt; wrote:
-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; Anyways, the plan looks fairly reasonable. But
&gt; &gt; there are a couple of
&gt; &gt; adjustments and clarifiactions that'll have to
&gt; &gt; be made before it is
&gt; &gt; fully acceptable to both the SR and the Cruzan
&gt; &gt; gov't-in-exile.
&gt;
&gt; Just to make a clarification: for the most part,
&gt; the Plan is not a negotiable offer. Certainly,
&gt; there are points where some leeway will be
&gt; granted (and know this: the Cruzans are being
&gt; given more leeway than any other territory!); but
&gt; the Cruzados must be more accepting of reality as
&gt; well.

I'm sure most are all tire of the conflict 
anyways. But there are also
ultra-right wing conservatives, particularly the 
majority of white
Cruzans and a few mulattos, who want to keep the 
close relationship
with the SR.

All Cruzans, however, agree that the islands must 
remain a sovereign
state with its own constitution. So the current 
debate in the islands
evolves around the question of how free the 
Cruzans will be under
Floridan dominance. Apparently (from what I read 
below), the Cruzan
Islands have under Floridan occupation been ruled 
as personal fiefdoms
of senior
Congressmen with utter disregard for the Cruzan 
Constitution.

First impressions last, I'm afraid. Most Cruzans 
are sceptical of the
plan. Protest demonstrations against the peace 
plan are right now
being held in Frihetpark (Emancipation Park) 
outside Die Groenhus
(&quot;The Green House&quot;, which is the Cruzan 
parliamentary building) in
Charlotte Amalie. The people haven't forgotten 
that Florida robbed the
Cruzans of their sovereignty in '46 without 
asking first, and there
are serious doubts that Florida will take any 
referendum over Cruzan
sovereignty seriously. Many are convinced that 
all that Florida wants
is the SR off its back.

-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; Ah yes... all those colorful neo-classical
&gt; &gt; dano-norwegian buildings in
&gt; &gt; Charlotte Amalie, Frederiksted, and
&gt; &gt; Christiansted. They'll have to be
&gt; &gt; renovated. Especially for the tourism industry.
&gt;
&gt; Naturally. Tourism is the big draw in most of the
&gt; territories!
&gt;
&gt; Also, what do those cities correspond to *here*?
&gt; I might as well change those on the map.

They're exactly the same as *here*. Charlotte 
Amalie, the capital, is
on the island of Saint Thomas. The other two 
towns are found on Saint
Croix. Saint John is a National Park.

But here a couple of things you could change on 
the map. Since all of
the Virgin Islands of *here* plus the islands of 
Culebra and Vieques
are called the Cruzan Islands *there*, then some 
of them would have to
be renamed. Here's what I propose:

The three islands of the former Danish West 
Indies *here* (Saint
Thomas, Saint John, and Saint Croix) have the 
same names *there*,
though I'd prefer Saint John to be called by it's 
Scandinavian name,
&quot;Saint Jan&quot;. This will also avoid confusion with 
&quot;San Juan&quot;, which is
the original name of Puerto Rico anyway. You 
might even want to go all
the way and replace &quot;Saint&quot; by the more 
Scandinavian &quot;Sankt&quot;.
Afterall, nobody calls &quot;San Juan&quot; as &quot;Saint 
John&quot;.

The islands of the British Virgin Islands *here* 
would also have
Scandinavian names. The same goes for the islands 
of Culebra and
Vieques. I'll name them after Scandinavian saints 
or other saints that
are important to Scandinavian history. The name 
changes I suggest are:
      -Tortola *here*      = Sankt Olav *there*
      -Virgin Gorda *here* = Sankt Knud *there*
      -Anegada *here*      = Sankt Birgitta *there*
      -Culebra *here*      = Sankt Hans *there*
      -Vieques *here*      = Sankt Alban *there*

The capital of the British Virgin Islands *here* 
is Roadtown, which
can be translated into IB's Rigsmål as &quot;Vegby&quot;.

On the Vieques there is a town called Isabela 
Segunda. This should be
changed to Hoppesby, name after viceadmiral 
Hoppe, who raised the
Dannebrog on the island a second time in 1688 to 
assert Dano-Norwegian
claims to the island.

&gt; &gt; Fresh water has also always been a problem
&gt;
&gt; [Actually, I didn't know that!]

The only local source of fresh water comes from 
rainwater cisterns
underneath each and every building on the 
islands. I have even read
that *here* tourists are adviced only to flush 
the toilet after doing
number two. It's a typical problem for tiny 
(sub)tropical islands like
Bermuda and the Lesser Antilles.

-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; Autonomy is important. Question is, what new
&gt; &gt; status would the Cruzan
&gt; &gt; Islands have? If the Cruzan Islands are to
&gt; &gt; become a condominium, how
&gt; &gt; much autonomy will they have from the Floridian
&gt; &gt; gov't?
&gt;
&gt; Naturally, local governance will have to come
&gt; from the Cruzados themselves; just like any other
&gt; province. Matters of defense, international
&gt; diplomacy and the like will come from the
&gt; appropriate capital (either Miami or La Habana);

Or Gjøteborg or DVC (&quot;Det Vestindisk-Guinea 
Compagnie&quot; - which is the
Guinea-Westindian naval fleet of the SR).

&gt; just like any other province.

Just like any other associated or affiliated 
state of the SR.

&gt; &gt; Would the
&gt; &gt; Cruzan gov't still be in free association with
&gt; &gt; the SR gov't, or would
&gt; &gt; it have to be reclassified as an affiliate to
&gt; &gt; the SR gov't (like New Sweden and New Iceland)?
&gt;
&gt; More the latter. Florida isn't _quite_ as
&gt; loose-reined as the NAL in this matter. It would
&gt; be a little more like a US state *here*: this is
&gt; not a revocable union, and external matters of
&gt; defense and diplomacy are to be handled from
&gt; Miami without consultation with the SR.

This will have to be put through a referendum. 
Only if the Cruzans
themselves say &quot;yes&quot; to a change in sovereignty 
will the SR government
surrender its obligations of defence and 
diplomacy.

-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; &gt; For example, current (colonial era)
&gt; &gt; &gt; restrictions
&gt; &gt; &gt; on the press, religious rights, sufferage and
&gt; &gt; &gt; migration will be lifted.
&gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; There are no current colonial era restrictions
&gt; &gt; in the Cruzan Constitution.
&gt;
&gt; There are an appaling number of Governors,
&gt; however, who have operated quite independently of
&gt; their colonial home offices. They make Florida's
&gt; mistreatment of their territories look good!

Naturally, the Cruzan Prime Minister and his 
government operates quite
independently of the SR government in issues 
other than defense and
foreign diplomacy. The Cruzan Islands got their 
independence in 1936
afterall. They have had their own parliament with 
their own PM ever
since. So no Governers to speak of. This 
independence, however, is
something that the Cruzans will not want to give 
up.

-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; ***
&gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; The Cruzan Constitution must be respected.
&gt;
&gt; Such parts of it that do not contradict National
&gt; Law or the Constitution will be left intact. The
&gt; Constitution of the Presidency is the supreme Law
&gt; of the country; as such, it must not be
&gt; superceded by any Provincial constitution or
&gt; territorial legal code.

In other words, a loss of Cruzan sovereignty. 
That's a hard sell to
the Cruzans. They were, afterall, a sovereign 
state in personal union
and free association with the SR. But the 
Floridan plan wants to
reduce the Cruzan state to nothing more than a 
province.

&gt; &gt; As dictated by the Cruzan
&gt; &gt; Constitution, any changes to the sovereignty of
&gt; &gt; the Cruzan Islands
&gt; &gt; must be put to a referendum, where only Cruzan
&gt; &gt; citizens can vote.
&gt;
&gt; A mere formality, however.

No... This is a serious. It has to be respected.

&gt; &gt; There are two sovereignty issues in the
&gt; &gt; Floridian plan that needs to
&gt; &gt; be put to a referendum:
&gt; &gt;    1) The change of the Cruzan Island's
&gt; &gt; sovereignty status from an SR state to a
&gt; &gt; condominium state between the SR and Florida.
&gt;
&gt; While the de facto annexation of the Cruzans in
&gt; 1946 is immutable; such a vote would not be
&gt; disallowed, and could be considered cathartic.

The SR and Cruzan governments disagree entirely. 
It'll have to be
mutable should the Cruzans decide it to be so in 
a referendum. The
referendum should not be considered a purgative 
act at all. The result
should be binding and respected by Florida.

&gt; We shall simply have to hope that the Cruzados
&gt; will see sense and won't be unduly swayed by spin
&gt; and propaganda!! ;)

Let's hope so!! ;)

&gt; &gt;    2) The change in the currency.
&gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; Obviously, it'd be most practical to put (1) to
&gt; &gt; the vote first. If the
&gt; &gt; result is a &quot;yes&quot; to the change in sovereignty,
&gt; &gt; then (2) can be put to the vote.
&gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; If the vote to (1) is a &quot;no&quot;, then the plan
&gt; &gt; must be revised and then
&gt; &gt; put through another referendum.
&gt;
&gt; It must be stressed once again that, while the
&gt; Plan is for the benefit of the territories, the
&gt; consent of the territories is not a prerequisite.

It's important to have the consent of the Cruzan 
Government, unless
you want to insult them. Remember, it's a 
sovereign state.

&gt; The only consent that is required for the
&gt; fullness of the Plan to take effect is that of
&gt; the former colonial governments. This consent is
&gt; required for issues such as state of war or peace
&gt; and for condominiumhood to take effect.

Once again, that's for the Cruzados to decide.

&gt; That the Cruzados are allowed varying levels of
&gt; &quot;choice&quot; in the matter is singular (and, rumour
&gt; has it that the Cruzan Provision only barely
&gt; passed through Congress). Most territories will
&gt; simply have the Plan and a new government
&gt; imposed, and that shall be that.

The difference between most other territories and 
the Cruzan Islands,
as far as I can gather, is that the Cruzan 
Islands were a sovereign
state, like Hayti, and the others were not. 
Granted, unlike Hayti, the
Cruzan Islands were freely associated with the 
SR. Anyways, that's why
&quot;choice&quot; is important.

This makes me wonder... what about Hayti?

&gt; &gt; ***
&gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; The probationary period of the condominium
&gt; &gt; status must be discussed in
&gt; &gt; more detail. How long is the period? What are
&gt; &gt; the conditions of the probation?
&gt;
&gt; Ah. The probationary period is only to take
&gt; effect in Mobile (Florida del Occidente).
-----&lt;snip&gt;-----

That's unfair, as far as the Cruzans are 
concerned.

-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; The map provided by the plan is incorrect. The
&gt; &gt; Cruzan Islands also
&gt; &gt; includes the Crab (Vieques) and Culebra
&gt; &gt; Islands. If it indeed was the
&gt; &gt; intention of the plan that Crab and Culebra
&gt; &gt; islands be taken from
&gt; &gt; Cruzan sovereignty, then this must also be put
&gt; &gt; to a referendum.
&gt;
&gt; Ah yes. The original plan was to draw the line at
&gt; 65degW, thus creating Eastern and Western
&gt; Antilles regions. Margarita and Tortuga would
&gt; thus have become a Province. Final provincial
&gt; boundaries have not been decided on as of yet;
&gt; but it is seen as a Good Thing for &quot;colonial
&gt; units&quot; to continue as Provinces. Thus, I am sure
&gt; that those two islands will remain with the
&gt; Cruzans.

That's better.

-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; As a side note, regarding the use of terms like
&gt; &quot;territory&quot; and &quot;province&quot;. The Presidency is
&gt; divided up in various fashions to allow for
&gt; smooth local governance that interfaces will with
&gt; higher levels of Government.

-----&lt;snip detailed description&gt;-----

OK... it's much clearer now what Florida wants to 
do with the Cruzan
Islands. I originally thought, when you mentioned 
&quot;condominium&quot;
status, that Florida proposed the Cruzan Islands 
to become
affiliated/associated with _both_ Florida and the 
SR while still
keeping its sovereignty. But looks like there is 
some truth to the
concerns express by the protest demonstrations in 
Charlotte Amalie.
It's clear now that what Florida really wants is 
to reduce a sovereign
state into a province/territory. Of course, 
that's acceptable only if
the Cruzans themselves accept. Therefore, it's 
imperative that the
Cruzan Constitution be respected, and a 
referendum held over whether
the Cruzan Islands are to remain a sovereign 
state or become a
Floridian province/territory. It's imperative 
that the referendum be
respected by Florida, and not be reduced to a 
cathartic gesture. If
not, then I'm afraid this peace negotiation will 
fail and hostilities
will resume.

-kristian-
 
&lt;/pre&gt;
----
&lt;pre&gt;

Date: Wed, 2 Jul 2003 20:24:02 -0700 (PDT) 
Subject: [conculture] Dalmatian Debacle + Two wars down, one to go? + How close are we, really? 

--- Kristian Jensen &lt;kljensen@image.dk&gt; wrote:

&gt; &gt; Just to make a clarification: for the most
&gt; &gt; part, the Plan is not a negotiable offer.
&gt; &gt; Certainly,
&gt; &gt; there are points where some leeway will be
&gt; &gt; granted (and know this: the Cruzans are being
&gt; &gt; given more leeway than any other territory!);
&gt; &gt; but
&gt; &gt; the Cruzados must be more accepting of
&gt; &gt; reality as well.
&gt; 
&gt; I'm sure most are all tire of the conflict
&gt; anyways. But there are also
&gt; ultra-right wing conservatives, particularly
&gt; the majority of white
&gt; Cruzans and a few mulattos, who want to keep
&gt; the close relationship with the SR.

Imperialist collaborators!

&gt; All Cruzans, however, agree that the islands
&gt; must remain a sovereign
&gt; state with its own constitution. 

Ah - well, that kind of attitude is going to eb
the cause of trouble!

&gt; So the current debate in the islands
&gt; evolves around the question of how free the
&gt; Cruzans will be under Floridan dominance. 

This will largely depend on how sensible the
Cruzados show themselves to be over the next
weeks. The Floridian Government has espressed no
official opinion on the matter, but the Press has
said in no uncertain terms that the &quot;referendum&quot;
will in reality be a vote on whether the Cruzan
Iss. should become a newly honoured Province of
the Presidency, or be reduced to a military
territory.

The question then would seem to be: do the
Cruzados desire to accept terms and the liberties
enjoyed by Floridian citizens; or do they wish to
subjugate themselves to military dictatorship?

&gt; Apparently (from what I read below), the Cruzan
&gt; Islands have under Floridan occupation been
&gt; ruled as personal fiefdoms of senior
&gt; Congressmen with utter disregard for the Cruzan
&gt; Constitution.

Depends on the Congressman that has controlled
the islands. The first was a terror (and as you
say later about first impressions...); recent
decades have seen laisez faire rulers who have
been content to take a cut of territorial funds
and let the Parliament do as it will. The current
incumbent, one Alonso Rivera, has been the
strongest support _for_ Cruzado rights since the
indpendence movement of the 1930s.

As one of the architechts of the Plan, you can
thank him for the fact that Charlotte Amalie is
not in ruins as is Port au Prince, and that
military presence has been minimal.

&gt; First impressions last, I'm afraid. Most
&gt; Cruzans are sceptical of the
&gt; plan. 

I suppose that's to be expected - but they really
don't have a choice in the matter.

&gt; Protest demonstrations against the peace
&gt; plan are right now
&gt; being held in Frihetpark (Emancipation Park)
&gt; outside Die Groenhus
&gt; (&quot;The Green House&quot;, which is the Cruzan
&gt; parliamentary building) in
&gt; Charlotte Amalie. The people haven't forgotten
&gt; that Florida robbed the
&gt; Cruzans of their sovereignty in '46 without
&gt; asking first, 

That's a matter of debate! Rather: The War of
Liberation (1898) set in motion great events in
the Caribbean basin. The first leaders of the new
Republic saw as their vision a great and free
nation of all Caribbian peoples; and set forth to
make that vision reality. Those that they could
find willing to join up were welcommed; others
they cajolled or bought. Some were resistant -
those need to be swept aside.

&gt; and there
&gt; are serious doubts that Florida will take any
&gt; referendum over Cruzan sovereignty seriously. 

To the contrary: the Congress is awaiting
developments in Charlotte Amalie with great
interest! It is true that Florida does not wish
to wage a war with a power such as the SR (and it
has long understood the SR to have little
interest in the Cruzan Iss); but their own
notions of nationhood and Destino Castellano will
not likely be deterred.

&gt; Many are convinced that
&gt; all that Florida wants is the SR off its back.

That is part of it, to be sure.

&gt; -----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; &gt; Autonomy is important. Question is, what
&gt; &gt; &gt; new status would the Cruzan
&gt; &gt; &gt; Islands have? If the Cruzan Islands are to
&gt; &gt; &gt; become a condominium, how
&gt; &gt; &gt; much autonomy will they have from the
&gt; &gt; &gt; Floridian gov't?
&gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; Naturally, local governance will have to come
&gt; &gt; from the Cruzados themselves; just like any other
&gt; &gt; province. Matters of defense, international
&gt; &gt; diplomacy and the like will come from the
&gt; &gt; appropriate capital (either Miami or La
&gt; &gt; Habana);
&gt; 
&gt; Or Gjøteborg or DVC (&quot;Det Vestindisk-Guinea
&gt; Compagnie&quot; - which is the
&gt; Guinea-Westindian naval fleet of the SR).

Mm. That will not be acceptable! Gjoteborg is not
a capital of the Presidency of Florida; its
government was not duly constituted according to
national Law.

While there are things that the condominium
status would allow to come from Gjoteburg,
defence and foreign policy are not two of them.

&gt; -----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; For example, current (colonial era)
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; restrictions
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; on the press, religious rights, sufferage and
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; migration will be lifted.
&gt; &gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; &gt; There are no current colonial era restrictions
&gt; &gt; &gt; in the Cruzan Constitution.
&gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; There are an appaling number of Governors,
&gt; &gt; however, who have operated quite independently of
&gt; &gt; their colonial home offices. They make Florida's
&gt; &gt; mistreatment of their territories look good!
&gt; 
&gt; Naturally, the Cruzan Prime Minister and his
&gt; government operates quite
&gt; independently of the SR government in issues
&gt; other than defense and foreign diplomacy. 

That, certainly, would not change under the new
constitution.

&gt; The Cruzan Islands got their independence in 
&gt; 1936 afterall. They have had their own 
&gt; parliament with their own PM ever
&gt; since. So no Governers to speak of. This
&gt; independence, however, is
&gt; something that the Cruzans will not want to
&gt; give up.

It shall be an Interesting Time down the Islands!

&gt; -----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; &gt; ***
&gt; &gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; &gt; The Cruzan Constitution must be respected.
&gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; Such parts of it that do not contradict National
&gt; &gt; Law or the Constitution will be left intact. The
&gt; &gt; Constitution of the Presidency is the supreme Law
&gt; &gt; of the country; as such, it must not be
&gt; &gt; superceded by any Provincial constitution or
&gt; &gt; territorial legal code.
&gt; 
&gt; In other words, a loss of Cruzan sovereignty.

As an &quot;independent&quot; country, yes. Of course,
that's something that has not been reality since
1946...

&gt; That's a hard sell to
&gt; the Cruzans. They were, afterall, a sovereign
&gt; state in personal union
&gt; and free association with the SR. But the
&gt; Floridan plan wants to
&gt; reduce the Cruzan state to nothing more than a
&gt; province.

There is one Republic! And one Government
encompassed it!

&gt; &gt; &gt; As dictated by the Cruzan
&gt; &gt; &gt; Constitution, any changes to the sovereignty of
&gt; &gt; &gt; the Cruzan Islands
&gt; &gt; &gt; must be put to a referendum, where only Cruzan
&gt; &gt; &gt; citizens can vote.
&gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; A mere formality, however.
&gt; 
&gt; No... This is a serious. It has to be
&gt; respected.

Oo. While I personally agree, Florida does not
see it this way. The Cruzans are teetering on the
border of a state of rebellion. Florida's
nationalsit ideals do not (and have never) gotten
along well with powerful regions - to say nothing
of (semi)independent ones. I fear that the Plan
will not reach its fullness, and that hostilities
between the SR and Florida may be unavoidable.

&gt; &gt; &gt; There are two sovereignty issues in the
&gt; &gt; &gt; Floridian plan that needs to
&gt; &gt; &gt; be put to a referendum:
&gt; &gt; &gt;    1) The change of the Cruzan Island's
&gt; &gt; &gt; sovereignty status from an SR state to a
&gt; &gt; &gt; condominium state between the SR and Florida.
&gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; While the de facto annexation of the Cruzans
&gt; &gt; in
&gt; &gt; 1946 is immutable; such a vote would not be
&gt; &gt; disallowed, and could be considered cathartic.
&gt; 
&gt; The SR and Cruzan governments disagree
&gt; entirely. It'll have to be
&gt; mutable should the Cruzans decide it to be so
&gt; in a referendum. 

As the Governor of San Juan said this week: &quot;If
they should vote _no_ in their referendum, they
should prepare to drag their islands back to
Scandinavia.&quot;

&gt; The
&gt; referendum should not be considered a purgative
&gt; act at all. The result
&gt; should be binding and respected by Florida.

You ask a sovereign nation to allow the excision
of an integral part of its whole!

&gt; &gt; &gt;    2) The change in the currency.
&gt; &gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; &gt; Obviously, it'd be most practical to put (1) to
&gt; &gt; &gt; the vote first. If the
&gt; &gt; &gt; result is a &quot;yes&quot; to the change in sovereignty,
&gt; &gt; &gt; then (2) can be put to the vote.
&gt; &gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; &gt; If the vote to (1) is a &quot;no&quot;, then the plan
&gt; &gt; &gt; must be revised and then
&gt; &gt; &gt; put through another referendum.
&gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; It must be stressed once again that, while
&gt; &gt; the
&gt; &gt; Plan is for the benefit of the territories,
&gt; &gt; the
&gt; &gt; consent of the territories is not a
&gt; &gt; prerequisite.
&gt; 
&gt; It's important to have the consent of the
&gt; Cruzan Government, unless
&gt; you want to insult them. Remember, it's a
&gt; sovereign state.

Was. In 1946. It has long led a coddled, half
vanquished existence for half a century. Also
from San Juan this week: &quot;They ought to have been
dealt with sternly in the 1940s. We wouldn't be
having all these protests now had the Government
clamped down on them from the first.&quot; I suppose
it is the fault of the Government for allowing
the Cruzados to maintain the idea they were not,
in fact, Antilleanos! ;)

&gt; &gt; That the Cruzados are allowed varying levels of
&gt; &gt; &quot;choice&quot; in the matter is singular (and, rumour
&gt; &gt; has it that the Cruzan Provision only barely
&gt; &gt; passed through Congress). Most territories will
&gt; &gt; simply have the Plan and a new government
&gt; &gt; imposed, and that shall be that.
&gt; 
&gt; The difference between most other territories
&gt; and the Cruzan Islands,
&gt; as far as I can gather, is that the Cruzan
&gt; Islands were a sovereign
&gt; state, like Hayti, and the others were not.

Once again, a matter of interpretation. _All_
Caribbean islands are considered sovereign
territory of the Republic. The difference lies
only in whether they are in rebellion or not.

&gt; Granted, unlike Hayti, the
&gt; Cruzan Islands were freely associated with the
&gt; SR. Anyways, that's why &quot;choice&quot; is important.
&gt; 
&gt; This makes me wonder... what about Hayti?

It will, in time, most likely be returned to
Hispañola. It is clear that Hayti is in no
position to become a Province on its own. It is
ruined, and it is still seething. It will be a
while before things calm down and reality sinks
in. It will be even longer before civilian
governance can take over.

&gt; &gt; &gt; The probationary period of the condominium
&gt; &gt; &gt; status must be discussed in
&gt; &gt; &gt; more detail. How long is the period? What
&gt; &gt; &gt; are the conditions of the probation?
&gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; Ah. The probationary period is only to take
&gt; &gt; effect in Mobile (Florida del Occidente).
&gt; -----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; 
&gt; That's unfair, as far as the Cruzans are
&gt; concerned.

The Cruzan Iss. were not temporarily siezed as an
exigency of national defence! They are integral
territory of the Republic - Mobile is not.

I guess I didn't answer the question anyway:

The terms of the Mobile portion of the Plan are
to secure the cooperation of the NAL. Blunt,
perhaps, but that's the way of it. As a
concilatory offering, Bahamas and Jamaica are to
become condominium provinces with the NAL. Mobile
at the same time will become a temporary
condominium. If the NAL agrees to the Treaty
_and_ forgoes future hostilities in cooperation
with European powers, the condominium status will
end and Mobile will be returned to full NAL
sovereignty, and a rent will be paid. It will be
as if Florida never occupied that territroy. The
term is set for a period of six months from
acceptance of the Treaty. Both provinces may opt
out of the condominium after five years, thus
becomming normal Floridian provinces.

The actual condominium has provisions for
favoured trading status (reduced or no taxes for
businesses and importers), relaxed migration
rules (both in and out, and contrary to hype,
Florida-Caribbea is not a bad place to live in at
all!), conjoined military exercises, military and
civilian observer programmes (representatives
from Philadelphia can observe progress of the
Plan in Bahamas and Jamaica and make enforceable
recommendations to Miami), Bahamians and
Jamaicans will either gain or regain dual
citizenship, and can choose for themselves which
elections process to take part in (either the
American or the Floridian, but not both in an
elections cycle, except for local elections),
education and governance will continue in the
local languages (though, naturally, Castillian
will be taught as a second language in those
areas that are not already Spanish speaking) and
if that local language is not already so, it
shall become a fully legal language within the
Republic, and the list goes on. Largely the same
deal being offered to the Cruzan Iss. The main
exception is that the Cruzados are being allowed
a choice in the matter; while this solution is to
be implemented in the other territories as early
as 04.07.03.

[Aside: Obviously, it doesn't seem like a choice
to the Cruzados! But from the Floridian
perspective, the Cruzados are being allowed the
chance to go on living largely as they have for
the last 50 years if only they call themselves
&quot;Floridians&quot; in stead of &quot;Scandinavians&quot; (by
nation, not heritage); or, make a go of full
independence and face the might of the Floridian
armed forces, should the SR decide to butt in. I
might add that Jaime is most emphatically _NOT_
Jorge in this matter! Tejas was a push over;
Florida is a nother kettle of fish, as will be
seen shortly...]

As far as the two erstwhile NAL provinces go,
Bahamas are keen on the idea (though would prefer
to return to full NAL sovereignty); Jamaica is
much less keen, and as of now is thought to be
most likely to opt out of the condominium. Though
the economic advantages might sway them to stay
on for a while.

&gt; -----&lt;snip&gt;-----

&gt; &gt; Ah yes. The original plan was to draw the
&gt; &gt; line at 65degW,

&gt; That's better.

I'm sure it won't solve everything, but it is to
be hoped that concessions like these will put
some of the Cruzados' fears to rest.

&gt; OK... it's much clearer now what Florida wants
&gt; to do with the Cruzan
&gt; Islands. I originally thought, when you
&gt; mentioned &quot;condominium&quot;
&gt; status, that Florida proposed the Cruzan
&gt; Islands to become
&gt; affiliated/associated with _both_ Florida and
&gt; the SR while still keeping its sovereignty. 

Ah, no. The Cruzans will become a province one
way or the other! The architects of the Plan hope
that they will in fact become a province that is
also in condominium with the SR.

But mind you, if they accept the Plan, the Cruzan
Iss. will be the _most_ independent Province
there is. Even the original Provinces don't enjoy
what the Cruzans are being offered!

&gt; But looks like there is some truth to the
&gt; concerns express by the protest demonstrations
&gt; in Charlotte Amalie.

Yes. It is an unfortunate state of affairs.

&gt; It's clear now that what Florida really wants
&gt; is to reduce a sovereign
&gt; state into a province/territory. Of course,
&gt; that's acceptable only if
&gt; the Cruzans themselves accept. 

Personally, I hope they do. While there are many
in Florida who are agitating for war, just to
spite the Cruzados - you know, teach em a lesson;
many more would prefer that they come to the
decision on their own. They realise that the
Government has made a decision to encompass the
whole Caribbean, but would prefer a peaceful
solution at last after so many wars.

&gt; Therefore, it's imperative that the
&gt; Cruzan Constitution be respected, 

And it probably will be. This Bush is not an
underhanded schemer at all. He has been convinced
to allow the Cruzados their say. What comes
_after_ that say...well, que será será! ;)

Any idea on when R-Day will take place?
Naturally, Congress has allotted monies for ad
campaigns and educational sessions. [And
undoubtedly, those warmongering Scandinavians
will be pouring their treasure into mudslinging
spindoctored propaganda blitzes!!! ;) ] Any
Cruzado who is willing will be brought to Miami
or any of the capitals to see how Floridian
government is _supposed_ to work. The President
himself would very much like to meet with the PM
and and MPs that would be willing.

****

And lastly: on the the Dalmatian Debacle!

Talk about a blow below the belt! Our good
friends in Dalmatia have shown their true
colours! Ybl talks a good line about nation
building and the fight for freedom; but can't see
that anyone else has that same right!

As a consequence, as of midnight, 02.07.03, all
Dalmatian assets in Florida will be seized
(cultural property, however, shall be returned as
soon as possible, i.e., the Dalmatian State
Orchestra); all goods in Floridian ports will be
seized; ships and airships will be impounded
(including the Raguza, currently on R&amp;R in La
Habana - release of the crew pending); persons of
Dalmatian citizenship shall be deported to a
friendly, third party nation (Brasil); any entry
of Dalmatian registered vessels of war shall be
seen as an act of war; and because the Dalmatian
government sees fit to call our ministers liars,
the Dalmatian diplomatic corps shall be expelled,
pending satisfactory resolution of this incident.

Our allies in the region will decide their course
of action in the following days, though are not
expected to take _such_ a hardline stance.

As far as elections observers are concerned: what
do you take us for, some Mango Republic? Florida
will not allow foreigners into the sanctity of
the voting booth! The only observers allowed for
in the Plan are the usual local observers (i.e.,
Cruzan elections board officials), national
Floridian observers and Scandinavian obersvers.
The rest of you are welcome to butt out!

As far as the wonders of the Tesla Co. are
concerned - we can get parts from Germany (hell,
Canton, even!) on the cheap! :)

Padraic.

&lt;/pre&gt;
----
&lt;pre&gt;


Date: Wed, 2 Jul 2003 23:18:43 -0700 (PDT) 
Subject: Re: [conculture] Dalmatian Debacle + Two wars down, one to go? + How close are we, really? 
       
 
On Wed, 2 Jul 2003, Costentin Cornomorus wrote:

&gt; And lastly: on the the Dalmatian Debacle!
&gt;
&gt; Talk about a blow below the belt! Our good
&gt; friends in Dalmatia have shown their true
&gt; colours! Ybl talks a good line about nation
&gt; building and the fight for freedom; but can't 
see
&gt; that anyone else has that same right!

Not at the expense of the rights of other 
nations! Since the establishment
of the Republic, Dalmatia has never fought a war 
of aggression [note from
Ferko: some Serbs from the shortlived Republic of 
Serb Kozara might
disagree...], but solely wars of self-defence 
first against Ustasha
aggression, then against the aggression of the 
Islamic Republic of Sanjak.

Our Prime Minister is en ethnic German, he fought 
during the 44-47 civil
war on the side of the Dalmatian Freedom Front (a 
union of Dalmatian
nationalistic groups, both anti-Danubian, 
anti-Ustasha and
anti-Communist). Dalmatia has always been on the 
side of the oppressed
peoples of the world [note: Biafrans might 
disagree]. The Slovenian
Government has taken refuge in Dalmatia until the 
day of the liberation of
Slovenia from Ustasha oppression arrives.

On Radio Bosna there was a talkshow tonight. 
(Bosna being the region along
the Bosna river between Zenica and Czieta da 
Saray, home of 90% of the
Bosniaks [Dalmatian Muslims]; in the Saray Canton 
the MP is a
member of the governing Social Credit party, in 
the Zenica Canton the MP
is a member of the Dalmatian Radical Party, which 
formed the first
post-independence government). A call-in show was 
held as is held every
night, this evening the subject was the Cruzan 
Islands. Some interesting
quotes from callers:

Semsa Spahicz from Esczelza: &quot;Why do we all of a 
sudden give a damn about
events in the Americas? We have more pressing 
matters to attend to here at
home to waste time bothering with those backward 
colonial types. Like why
it costs me 2 xenari for a pack of smokes when I 
make 3 xenari an hour!&quot;

Fatma Muharemeska from Zavidovicz: &quot;I agree with 
the decision to
renationalise properties owned by Floridians. In 
fact I think everything
owned by foreigners should be taken back, and all 
the foreigners expelled
from the country.&quot;

Nikolu Yonesku from Pontul da Ali Pasza (Czieta 
da Saray Ward 17): &quot;I
don't know. On the one hand I agree with the 
previous caller who said we
have more pressing matters to attend to here at 
home. But, I don't think
we can restrict ourselves to domestic affairs. As 
a former colonial power
we have a status in the world which we have to 
maintain. Part of this
includes helping out nations that need help 
defending themselves from
aggression.&quot;

Izudin Huseynesku from Ilixha: &quot;If one of the 
Dalmatophone countries is
Africa is attacked, our troops are almost 
immediately there to defend them
- this is true now, this was true in the KeSeSeDe 
[note: KeSeSeDe is the
common name of the CSDS in Dalmatian - KSSD], it 
was true even before that
in the days of the first Danubia, and certainly 
it was true in the days
under the eszdragei [=the Austrians, in 
colloquial speech]. These
Islands, Cruzan, right? Well, they're 
Scandinavian. Let the Scandinavians
go and blast the miarda out of the Floridans like 
we smashed the Mongols
[note: common term for Chinese] when they 
attacked Kongo.&quot;

Serxhan Dalmicz from Zenica: &quot;I agree with the 
previous caller. That Bush
is just a Paya Patka [*here*, the Yugoslav name 
of Donald Duck. *There*, a
Dalmatian cartoon character, whose name is used 
like Mickey Mouse is
*here*] Pavelic - eh, not even Pavelic, Tudjman. 
He's just an uppity Paya
Patka colonial type who needs a swift kick in the 
arse. All those islands
they've occupied all deserve independence. If we 
don't help them but let
them be dominated by Bush, then why did we leave 
the KeSeSeDe? Why didn't
we stay and be oppressed by the Ustashe? We've 
spent all this money on our
new jets and long range rockets, well, let's use 
them. Send the Red Berets
into Florida like we sent them into Kozara and 
Sanjak, then we'll see if
they want to annoy us!&quot;

The radio show's host's comments at the 
conclusion of the show, after
Serxhan Dalmicz finished speaking. &quot;Well, that 
guy must be a member of the
Rads *chuckle*. But overall it would seem that 
the large majority of our
listeners and callers are in favour of the 
actions which have been taken
against Florida. Some are even calling for more 
drastic measures. My
personal opinion - not that of Radio Bosna - is 
that the intent behind the
actions was noble, but I think it could have been 
dealt with better,
perhaps with discussions with Florida first, at 
the head-of-state level.
As it stands, Ybl's action reminds me of someone 
from our past, our
Batyushka [=Lenin. Batyushka means something 
like, uncle, in Russian. In
children's books and songs Lenin was referred to 
as Batyushka Lenin -
Uncle Lenin.] Never was one to mull things over, 
just acted straight away.
Such things can be and usually are dangerous. 
With that, I bid you good
evening, enjoy our coverage of the second leg of 
the Dalmatian Cup final
which follows immediately, Dinamo Agram against 
Czelik Zenica at Kampa da
Bila in Zenica and a clean sheet - the first leg 
ended with a 0:0 score.&quot;

&gt;
&gt; As a consequence, as of midnight, 02.07.03, all
&gt; Dalmatian assets in Florida will be seized
&gt; (cultural property, however, shall be returned 
as
&gt; soon as possible, i.e., the Dalmatian State
&gt; Orchestra); all goods in Floridian ports will 
be
&gt; seized; ships and airships will be impounded
&gt; (including the Raguza, currently on R&amp;R in La
&gt; Habana - release of the crew pending); persons 
of
&gt; Dalmatian citizenship shall be deported to a
&gt; friendly, third party nation (Brasil); any 
entry
&gt; of Dalmatian registered vessels of war shall be
&gt; seen as an act of war; and because the 
Dalmatian
&gt; government sees fit to call our ministers 
liars,
&gt; the Dalmatian diplomatic corps shall be 
expelled,
&gt; pending satisfactory resolution of this 
incident.

In response, all measures which exceed those 
which have been taken by
Dalmatia will now be taken by Dalmatia, including 
the expulsion of the
Floridian diplomatic corps. All Floridian 
citizens will be taken to the
nearest border. {note: and left there and not 
permitted reentry to
Dalmatia. God be with those taken to the Sanjaki 
and Croatian borders.
Albania will let them in without difficulty, so 
will Bulgaria. The Serbs
will likely let them in too, but charging 
exorbitant fees for visas -
which by law are free, but due to the low wages 
paid border guards in
Serbia, everyone overlooks this law to their 
personal gain.}

&gt;
&gt; Our allies in the region will decide their 
course
&gt; of action in the following days, though are not
&gt; expected to take _such_ a hardline stance.

Dalmatia has been around for over a thousand 
years. Certainly our
existence does not depend on a few Mango 
Republics. History is on our
side.

&gt;
&gt; As far as elections observers are concerned: 
what
&gt; do you take us for, some Mango Republic? 
Florida

Unofficially: yes.

&gt; will not allow foreigners into the sanctity of
&gt; the voting booth! The only observers allowed 
for
&gt; in the Plan are the usual local observers 
(i.e.,
&gt; Cruzan elections board officials), national
&gt; Floridian observers and Scandinavian obersvers.
&gt; The rest of you are welcome to butt out!

In such case, the results of the elections, if 
not in favour of Cruzan
independence, will be viewed as rigged by the 
rest of the world...

&gt;
&gt; As far as the wonders of the Tesla Co. are
&gt; concerned - we can get parts from Germany 
(hell,
&gt; Canton, even!) on the cheap! :)

The embargo extends also to goods made under 
license from Dalmatian
patents - thus it is within the authority of the 
MFAIT to seize German and
Cantonese licensed reproductions of Tesla Co. 
technology bound for
Florida. (perhaps the carrier Aurial Vlaiku and 
her battle group will head
for the Atlantic...?)

&gt;
&gt; [AsideAnd where the bloody hell were you when
&gt; poor Cornouaille was about to rise up against 
the
&gt; mighty French oppressor!!?? They could have 
used
&gt; some Dalmatian support? But what do they get?
&gt; Nada!! ;) ]

When was this? Besides, Dalmatia still owes a big 
debt to France for
supplying arms during the last Balkan War...

----ferko
Ferenc Gy. Valoczy

&lt;/pre&gt;
----
&lt;pre&gt;

Date: Thu, 3 Jul 2003 13:40:24 +0200 
Subject: Re: [conculture] Dalmatian Debacle + Two wars down, one to go? + How close are we, really? 
       
 
----- Oprindelig meddelelse -----
Fra: &quot;Costentin Cornomorus&quot; &lt;elemtilas@yahoo.com&gt;
Til: &lt;conculture@yahoogroups.com&gt;
Sendt: 3. juli 2003 05:24
Emne: [conculture] Dalmatian Debacle + Two wars 
down, one to go? + How
close are we, really?


&gt; --- Kristian Jensen &lt;kljensen@image.dk&gt; wrote:
-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; So the current debate in the islands
&gt; &gt; evolves around the question of how free the
&gt; &gt; Cruzans will be under Floridan dominance.
&gt;
&gt; This will largely depend on how sensible the
&gt; Cruzados show themselves to be over the next
&gt; weeks. The Floridian Government has espressed 
no
&gt; official opinion on the matter, but the Press 
has
&gt; said in no uncertain terms that the 
&quot;referendum&quot;
&gt; will in reality be a vote on whether the Cruzan
&gt; Iss. should become a newly honoured Province of
&gt; the Presidency, or be reduced to a military
&gt; territory.
&gt;
&gt; The question then would seem to be: do the
&gt; Cruzados desire to accept terms and the 
liberties
&gt; enjoyed by Floridian citizens; or do they wish 
to
&gt; subjugate themselves to military dictatorship?

If the choice were down to only those two, then 
the former option
would be an obvious choice. But a referendum 
offers a third, more
desirable, option: Cruzan sovereignty.

&gt; &gt; Apparently (from what I read below), the 
Cruzan
&gt; &gt; Islands have under Floridan occupation been
&gt; &gt; ruled as personal fiefdoms of senior
&gt; &gt; Congressmen with utter disregard for the 
Cruzan
&gt; &gt; Constitution.
&gt;
&gt; Depends on the Congressman that has controlled
&gt; the islands. The first was a terror (and as you
&gt; say later about first impressions...); recent
&gt; decades have seen laisez faire rulers who have
&gt; been content to take a cut of territorial funds
&gt; and let the Parliament do as it will. The 
current
&gt; incumbent, one Alonso Rivera, has been the
&gt; strongest support _for_ Cruzado rights since 
the
&gt; indpendence movement of the 1930s.
&gt;
&gt; As one of the architechts of the Plan, you can
&gt; thank him for the fact that Charlotte Amalie is
&gt; not in ruins as is Port au Prince, and that
&gt; military presence has been minimal.

I'm sure many Cruzans appreciate this, and they 
urge Alonso Rivera to
support a referendum. Others, however, have 
expressed that he'll never
support such a referendum.

&gt; &gt; First impressions last, I'm afraid. Most
&gt; &gt; Cruzans are sceptical of the
&gt; &gt; plan.
&gt;
&gt; I suppose that's to be expected - but they 
really
&gt; don't have a choice in the matter.

Yes... through a referendum.

&gt; &gt; Protest demonstrations against the peace
&gt; &gt; plan are right now
&gt; &gt; being held in Frihetpark (Emancipation Park)
&gt; &gt; outside Die Groenhus
&gt; &gt; (&quot;The Green House&quot;, which is the Cruzan
&gt; &gt; parliamentary building) in
&gt; &gt; Charlotte Amalie. The people haven't 
forgotten
&gt; &gt; that Florida robbed the
&gt; &gt; Cruzans of their sovereignty in '46 without
&gt; &gt; asking first,
&gt;
&gt; That's a matter of debate! Rather: The War of
&gt; Liberation (1898) set in motion great events in
&gt; the Caribbean basin. The first leaders of the 
new
&gt; Republic saw as their vision a great and free
&gt; nation of all Caribbian peoples; and set forth 
to
&gt; make that vision reality. Those that they could
&gt; find willing to join up were welcommed; others
&gt; they cajolled or bought. Some were resistant -
&gt; those need to be swept aside.

...and robbed of their sovereignty.

&gt; &gt; and there
&gt; &gt; are serious doubts that Florida will take any
&gt; &gt; referendum over Cruzan sovereignty seriously.
&gt;
&gt; To the contrary: the Congress is awaiting
&gt; developments in Charlotte Amalie with great
&gt; interest!

What I meant was that Florida will not respect 
the result of the
referendum if it turns out to be not to their 
liking.

&gt; It is true that Florida does not wish
&gt; to wage a war with a power such as the SR (and 
it
&gt; has long understood the SR to have little
&gt; interest in the Cruzan Iss); but their own
&gt; notions of nationhood and Destino Castellano 
will
&gt; not likely be deterred.

...and the SR is not interested either in waging 
a war that is near
impossible to win in the long run if Florida 
sticks to her notions of
nationhood and Destino Castellano.

-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; &gt; Naturally, local governance will have to 
come
&gt; &gt; &gt; from the Cruzados themselves; just like any
&gt; &gt; other
&gt; &gt; &gt; province. Matters of defense, international
&gt; &gt; &gt; diplomacy and the like will come from the
&gt; &gt; &gt; appropriate capital (either Miami or La
&gt; &gt; &gt; Habana);
&gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; Or Gjøteborg or DVC (&quot;Det Vestindisk-Guinea
&gt; &gt; Compagnie&quot; - which is the
&gt; &gt; Guinea-Westindian naval fleet of the SR).
&gt;
&gt; Mm. That will not be acceptable! Gjoteborg is 
not
&gt; a capital of the Presidency of Florida; its
&gt; government was not duly constituted according 
to
&gt; national Law.
&gt;
&gt; While there are things that the condominium
&gt; status would allow to come from Gjoteburg,
&gt; defence and foreign policy are not two of them.

Oh OK. Fair enough. But the referendum has to be 
respected.

-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; In other words, a loss of Cruzan sovereignty.
&gt;
&gt; As an &quot;independent&quot; country, yes. Of course,
&gt; that's something that has not been reality 
since
&gt; 1946...

But both the SR government and the Cruzan 
government-in-exile has
never recognize the annexation of the Cruzan 
Islands to Florida. So it
has always considered the Cruzan Islands as 
independent with an exiled
government.

&gt; &gt; That's a hard sell to
&gt; &gt; the Cruzans. They were, afterall, a sovereign
&gt; &gt; state in personal union
&gt; &gt; and free association with the SR. But the
&gt; &gt; Floridan plan wants to
&gt; &gt; reduce the Cruzan state to nothing more than 
a
&gt; &gt; province.
&gt;
&gt; There is one Republic! And one Government
&gt; encompassed it!

That's understood. But can't it be such that the 
annexed territories
are in free association with the Republic should 
they decide it to be
so in a referendum?

-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; &gt; A mere formality, however.
&gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; No... This is a serious. It has to be
&gt; &gt; respected.
&gt;
&gt; Oo. While I personally agree, Florida does not
&gt; see it this way. The Cruzans are teetering on 
the
&gt; border of a state of rebellion. Florida's
&gt; nationalsit ideals do not (and have never) 
gotten
&gt; along well with powerful regions - to say 
nothing
&gt; of (semi)independent ones. I fear that the Plan
&gt; will not reach its fullness, and that 
hostilities
&gt; between the SR and Florida may be unavoidable.

I'm afraid so. &lt;sigh&gt; So close, yet so far.

-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; &gt; While the de facto annexation of the 
Cruzans
&gt; &gt; &gt; in
&gt; &gt; &gt; 1946 is immutable; such a vote would not be
&gt; &gt; &gt; disallowed, and could be considered
&gt; &gt; cathartic.
&gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; The SR and Cruzan governments disagree
&gt; &gt; entirely. It'll have to be
&gt; &gt; mutable should the Cruzans decide it to be so
&gt; &gt; in a referendum.
&gt;
&gt; As the Governor of San Juan said this week: &quot;If
&gt; they should vote _no_ in their referendum, they
&gt; should prepare to drag their islands back to
&gt; Scandinavia.&quot;

Not physically possible, of course.

&gt; &gt; The
&gt; &gt; referendum should not be considered a 
purgative
&gt; &gt; act at all. The result
&gt; &gt; should be binding and respected by Florida.
&gt;
&gt; You ask a sovereign nation to allow the 
excision
&gt; of an integral part of its whole!

SR and Cruzan position is that the Cruzan Islands 
were never an
integral part of Florida, but an occupied part.

-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; It's important to have the consent of the
&gt; &gt; Cruzan Government, unless
&gt; &gt; you want to insult them. Remember, it's a
&gt; &gt; sovereign state.
&gt;
&gt; Was. In 1946.

Still is. The exiled government, that is.

&gt; It has long led a coddled, half
&gt; vanquished existence for half a century. Also
&gt; from San Juan this week: &quot;They ought to have 
been
&gt; dealt with sternly in the 1940s. We wouldn't be
&gt; having all these protests now had the 
Government
&gt; clamped down on them from the first.&quot; I suppose
&gt; it is the fault of the Government for allowing
&gt; the Cruzados to maintain the idea they were 
not,
&gt; in fact, Antilleanos! ;)

Oh they're Antilleaners, alright. Just no 
Antilleanos. ;)

-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; [Aside: Obviously, it doesn't seem like a 
choice
&gt; to the Cruzados! But from the Floridian
&gt; perspective, the Cruzados are being allowed the
&gt; chance to go on living largely as they have for
&gt; the last 50 years if only they call themselves
&gt; &quot;Floridians&quot; in stead of &quot;Scandinavians&quot; (by
&gt; nation, not heritage); or, make a go of full
&gt; independence and face the might of the 
Floridian
&gt; armed forces, should the SR decide to butt in. 
I
&gt; might add that Jaime is most emphatically _NOT_
&gt; Jorge in this matter! Tejas was a push over;
&gt; Florida is a nother kettle of fish, as will be
&gt; seen shortly...]

Blackmail is what it sounds like. This is the 
core of the problem. The
SR and the Cruzados want Florida to respect a 
referendum over Cruzan
sovereignty. &quot;Respect&quot; means that should the 
Cruzans decide in favor
of full independence, then Florida cannot use its 
military forces upon
the islands.

-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; OK... it's much clearer now what Florida 
wants
&gt; &gt; to do with the Cruzan
&gt; &gt; Islands. I originally thought, when you
&gt; &gt; mentioned &quot;condominium&quot;
&gt; &gt; status, that Florida proposed the Cruzan
&gt; &gt; Islands to become
&gt; &gt; affiliated/associated with _both_ Florida and
&gt; &gt; the SR while still keeping its sovereignty.
&gt;
&gt; Ah, no. The Cruzans will become a province one
&gt; way or the other! The architects of the Plan 
hope
&gt; that they will in fact become a province that 
is
&gt; also in condominium with the SR.

Yes, I understand now.

&gt; But mind you, if they accept the Plan, the 
Cruzan
&gt; Iss. will be the _most_ independent Province
&gt; there is. Even the original Provinces don't 
enjoy
&gt; what the Cruzans are being offered!

How so?

-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; It's clear now that what Florida really wants
&gt; &gt; is to reduce a sovereign
&gt; &gt; state into a province/territory. Of course,
&gt; &gt; that's acceptable only if
&gt; &gt; the Cruzans themselves accept.
&gt;
&gt; Personally, I hope they do. While there are 
many
&gt; in Florida who are agitating for war, just to
&gt; spite the Cruzados - you know, teach em a 
lesson;


&gt; many more would prefer that they come to the
&gt; decision on their own. They realise that the
&gt; Government has made a decision to encompass the
&gt; whole Caribbean, but would prefer a peaceful
&gt; solution at last after so many wars.

I'm also sure that many Cruzans and Scandinavians 
want a peaceful
solution too. Many are hoping, despite Florida's 
reputation to the
contrary, that Florida will respect the results 
of the referendum and
leave the Cruzan Islands alone should it be 
decided that the Cruzans
be independent.

But it does not help the Floridian case that they 
are basically
blackmailing the Cruzans to surrender their 
sovereignty. Many say that
the Cruzans and the SR ought to give in to the 
blackmail for the sake
of peace. But after learning more about the 
Floridian Plan, many more
now feel disgusted by the Floridian blackmail, 
and I'm sure there are
quite a few Cruzans who, knowing they have the SR 
as their guaranteur,
are agitating war just to spite the Floridians - 
y'know teach them a
lesson.

&gt; &gt; Therefore, it's imperative that the
&gt; &gt; Cruzan Constitution be respected,
&gt;
&gt; And it probably will be. This Bush is not an
&gt; underhanded schemer at all. He has been 
convinced
&gt; to allow the Cruzados their say. What comes
&gt; _after_ that say...well, que será será! ;)

It's blackmail, I say, blackmail!

&gt; Any idea on when R-Day will take place?

How's the end of the month sound? That should be 
sufficient time for
campaigning.

&gt; Naturally, Congress has allotted monies for ad
&gt; campaigns and educational sessions. [And
&gt; undoubtedly, those warmongering Scandinavians
&gt; will be pouring their treasure into mudslinging
&gt; spindoctored propaganda blitzes!!! ;) ] Any
&gt; Cruzado who is willing will be brought to Miami
&gt; or any of the capitals to see how Floridian
&gt; government is _supposed_ to work. The President
&gt; himself would very much like to meet with the 
PM
&gt; and and MPs that would be willing.

The Cruzan PM is already in Miami together with 
the SR Foreign
Minister. They were part of the delegation sent 
to Miami to disguss
the Floridian Plan.

-kristian-
 
&lt;/pre&gt;
----
&lt;pre&gt;

Date: Thu, 3 Jul 2003 14:15:30 -0700 (PDT) 
Subject: Re: [conculture] Dalmatian Debacle + Two wars down, one to go? + How close are we, really? 
       
 
--- Kristian Jensen &lt;kljensen@image.dk&gt; wrote:

&gt; -----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; The question then would seem to be: do the
&gt; &gt; Cruzados desire to accept terms and the
&gt; &gt; liberties
&gt; &gt; enjoyed by Floridian citizens; or do they
&gt; &gt; wish to subjugate themselves to military
&gt; &gt; dictatorship?
&gt; 
&gt; If the choice were down to only those two, then
&gt; the former option
&gt; would be an obvious choice. But a referendum
&gt; offers a third, more desirable, option: Cruzan
&gt; sovereignty.

Which, in the current Floridian understanding is
one and the same thing. That is, they don't
recognise the possibility of the Cruzans choosing
_and_keeping_ independence.

[snip]

&gt; I'm sure many Cruzans appreciate this, and they
&gt; urge Alonso Rivera to
&gt; support a referendum. Others, however, have
&gt; expressed that he'll never
&gt; support such a referendum.

Why wouldn't he? It was his idea! He seems to be
pretty sure that _most_ average Cruzados would
prefer the stability of the status quo rather
than the uncertainty of the alternative. It's a
gamble, to be sure.

&gt; ...and the SR is not interested either in
&gt; waging a war that is near
&gt; impossible to win in the long run if Florida
&gt; sticks to her notions of
&gt; nationhood and Destino Castellano.

It's kind of built into the national psyche.

&gt; -----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; &gt; That's a hard sell to
&gt; &gt; &gt; the Cruzans. They were, afterall, a
&gt; sovereign
&gt; &gt; &gt; state in personal union
&gt; &gt; &gt; and free association with the SR. But the
&gt; &gt; &gt; Floridan plan wants to
&gt; &gt; &gt; reduce the Cruzan state to nothing more
&gt; than a
&gt; &gt; &gt; province.
&gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; There is one Republic! And one Government
&gt; &gt; encompassed it!
&gt; 
&gt; That's understood. But can't it be such that
&gt; the annexed territories
&gt; are in free association with the Republic
&gt; should they decide it to be so in a referendum?

I think there must be a cultural misunderstanding
on this point. To be quite blunt, there is
nothing in the Floridian / Spanish experience
that has prepared them for this impasse. They
don't understand what you (the Cruzados) really
mean by this. Nor do they really understand what
condominiums are all about, I think. It seems to
me that they went a little far in their offer - I
mean, for all pracitcal purposes, a post-Plan
Bahamian will be a NAL citizen in everything but
name. That's quite a bit more than most
condominium citizens experience. Likewise, a
post-Plan Cruzado could choose to be a Floridian
_only_ in name. Every other aspect of life could
remain the same.

_Hopefully_ the Cruzan PM will explain this to
Bush so that the best solution can be achieved. I
think that Florida truly fears losing its own
national sovereignty - but it may well be that
the Cruzan position is much more innocuous than
is commonly believed.

&gt; -----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; You ask a sovereign nation to allow the
&gt; &gt; excision of an integral part of its whole!
&gt; 
&gt; SR and Cruzan position is that the Cruzan
&gt; Islands were never an
&gt; integral part of Florida, but an occupied part.

:)

&gt; -----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; &gt; It's important to have the consent of the
&gt; &gt; &gt; Cruzan Government, unless
&gt; &gt; &gt; you want to insult them. Remember, it's a
&gt; &gt; &gt; sovereign state.
&gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; Was. In 1946.
&gt; 
&gt; Still is. The exiled government, that is.

Little different than a mail order passport
issing organisation! ;)

&gt; Oh they're Antilleaners, alright. Just no
&gt; Antilleanos. ;)

:)

&gt; -----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; [Aside: Obviously, it doesn't seem like a
&gt; choice
&gt; &gt; to the Cruzados! But from the Floridian
&gt; &gt; perspective, the Cruzados are being allowed
&gt; the
&gt; &gt; chance to go on living largely as they have
&gt; for
&gt; &gt; the last 50 years if only they call
&gt; themselves
&gt; &gt; &quot;Floridians&quot; in stead of &quot;Scandinavians&quot; (by
&gt; &gt; nation, not heritage); or, make a go of full
&gt; &gt; independence and face the might of the
&gt; Floridian
&gt; &gt; armed forces, should the SR decide to butt
&gt; in. I
&gt; &gt; might add that Jaime is most emphatically
&gt; _NOT_
&gt; &gt; Jorge in this matter! Tejas was a push over;
&gt; &gt; Florida is a nother kettle of fish, as will
&gt; be
&gt; &gt; seen shortly...]
&gt; 
&gt; Blackmail is what it sounds like. 

Once again, this is probably a cultural
misunderstanding. Floridian jurisprudence would
understand &quot;Blackmail&quot; as a threat in order to
gain support for something; this is simply a
statement of fact.

&gt; This is the core of the problem. The
&gt; SR and the Cruzados want Florida to respect a
&gt; referendum over Cruzan
&gt; sovereignty. &quot;Respect&quot; means that should the
&gt; Cruzans decide in favor
&gt; of full independence, then Florida cannot use
&gt; its military forces upon the islands.

I think issues of &quot;Cruzan sovereignty&quot; and SR
activities in the Cruzans would need to be worked
on.

There might be some wiggle room _if_ the Cruzans
opted for independence but accepted Floridian
defence. And if the SR were allowed to post
military units to the islands, Florida would at
least require a base and an observer programme. I
mean, they would have Floridian defence anyway:
they're surrounded by Floridian waters after all!

&gt; -----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; But mind you, if they accept the Plan, the
&gt; Cruzan
&gt; &gt; Iss. will be the _most_ independent Province
&gt; &gt; there is. Even the original Provinces don't
&gt; &gt; enjoy what the Cruzans are being offered!
&gt; 
&gt; How so?

Well, no other citizens are able to obtain dual
citizenship; migration is somewhat restricted
(the Cruzans, as a condo with the SR, would allow
unrestricted movement between the two lands);
businesses must conform to the usual strictures
placed on international trade; etc.

&gt; -----&lt;snip&gt;-----

&gt; I'm also sure that many Cruzans and
&gt; Scandinavians want a peaceful
&gt; solution too. Many are hoping, despite
&gt; Florida's reputation to the
&gt; contrary, that Florida will respect the results
&gt; of the referendum and
&gt; leave the Cruzan Islands alone should it be
&gt; decided that the Cruzans be independent.
&gt; 
&gt; But it does not help the Floridian case that
&gt; they are basically
&gt; blackmailing the Cruzans to surrender their
&gt; sovereignty. 

I hardly think it blackmail! As if half a century
of annexation and military presence hasn't been
hint enough!

&gt; Many say that
&gt; the Cruzans and the SR ought to give in to the
&gt; blackmail for the sake
&gt; of peace. But after learning more about the
&gt; Floridian Plan, many more
&gt; now feel disgusted by the Floridian blackmail,

Hm. That could be a problem. I guess the more
moderate wing of Government will simply have to
push harder to get Bush to plainly accept
whatever the Cruzados decide.

&gt; and I'm sure there are
&gt; quite a few Cruzans who, knowing they have the
&gt; SR as their guaranteur,
&gt; are agitating war just to spite the Floridians
&gt; - y'know teach them a lesson.

Quite! But, a lesson at what price?

&gt; &gt; Any idea on when R-Day will take place?
&gt; 
&gt; How's the end of the month sound? That should
&gt; be sufficient time for campaigning.

Sounds good. It will give the Cruzados a month to
see how well the Bahamians like their new status.
Look out for the Convocación de la República
tomorrow at noon on Telenovial: the newly elected
Governors of Bahamas and Jamaica receive their
chains of office and the new Senators take their
seats in the Congress as well.

The NAL, at least, seems mollified by the Plan.

As for England and Kemr - they're clearly still
up for the Grand Coalition with the SR, should
things go awry. And even if they don't, they may
well decide to go in anyway and try to wrest
their colonies back.

&gt; The Cruzan PM is already in Miami together with
&gt; the SR Foreign
&gt; Minister. They were part of the delegation sent
&gt; to Miami to disguss the Floridian Plan.

Excellent! Hopefully, they can explain in simple
terms their understanding of things! [I wouldn't
mind being privy to _that_ meeting...]

Padraic.

&lt;/pre&gt;
----
&lt;pre&gt;

Date: Fri, 4 Jul 2003 10:41:22 +0200 
Subject: Re: [conculture] Dalmatian Debacle + Two wars down, one to go? + How close are we, really? 
       
 
----- Oprindelig meddelelse -----
Fra: &quot;Costentin Cornomorus&quot; &lt;elemtilas@yahoo.com&gt;
Til: &lt;conculture@yahoogroups.com&gt;
Sendt: 3. juli 2003 23:15
Emne: Re: [conculture] Dalmatian Debacle + Two 
wars down, one to go? +
How close are we, really?


&gt; --- Kristian Jensen &lt;kljensen@image.dk&gt; wrote:
&gt;
&gt; &gt; -----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; &gt; The question then would seem to be: do the
&gt; &gt; &gt; Cruzados desire to accept terms and the
&gt; &gt; &gt; liberties
&gt; &gt; &gt; enjoyed by Floridian citizens; or do they
&gt; &gt; &gt; wish to subjugate themselves to military
&gt; &gt; &gt; dictatorship?
&gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; If the choice were down to only those two, 
then
&gt; &gt; the former option
&gt; &gt; would be an obvious choice. But a referendum
&gt; &gt; offers a third, more desirable, option: 
Cruzan
&gt; &gt; sovereignty.
&gt;
&gt; Which, in the current Floridian understanding 
is
&gt; one and the same thing. That is, they don't
&gt; recognise the possibility of the Cruzans 
choosing
&gt; _and_keeping_ independence.

Wierdness!

&gt; [snip]
&gt;
&gt; &gt; I'm sure many Cruzans appreciate this, and 
they
&gt; &gt; urge Alonso Rivera to
&gt; &gt; support a referendum. Others, however, have
&gt; &gt; expressed that he'll never
&gt; &gt; support such a referendum.
&gt;
&gt; Why wouldn't he? It was his idea!

Ooops, I'm sorry. I phrased that wrongly. Rivera 
does indeed support
it. That's clear. What I meant to say was that 
many Cruzans urge him
to _respect_ the results of the referendum, while 
some say that he
won't.

&gt; He seems to be
&gt; pretty sure that _most_ average Cruzados would
&gt; prefer the stability of the status quo rather
&gt; than the uncertainty of the alternative. It's a
&gt; gamble, to be sure.

For sure!

&gt; &gt; ...and the SR is not interested either in
&gt; &gt; waging a war that is near
&gt; &gt; impossible to win in the long run if Florida
&gt; &gt; sticks to her notions of
&gt; &gt; nationhood and Destino Castellano.
&gt;
&gt; It's kind of built into the national psyche.

...making it all the more difficult to pursuade 
them of anything
contrary to their doctrine.

-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; &gt; There is one Republic! And one Government
&gt; &gt; &gt; encompassed it!
&gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; That's understood. But can't it be such that
&gt; &gt; the annexed territories
&gt; &gt; are in free association with the Republic
&gt; &gt; should they decide it to be so in a 
referendum?
&gt;
&gt; I think there must be a cultural 
misunderstanding
&gt; on this point.

I'm thinking the same thing...

&gt; To be quite blunt, there is
&gt; nothing in the Floridian / Spanish experience
&gt; that has prepared them for this impasse. They
&gt; don't understand what you (the Cruzados) really
&gt; mean by this.

Really? No &quot;Estado Associado Libre&quot; (like Puerto 
Rico and Cuba
*here*)?

&gt; Nor do they really understand what
&gt; condominiums are all about, I think. It seems 
to
&gt; me that they went a little far in their offer - 
I
&gt; mean, for all pracitcal purposes, a post-Plan
&gt; Bahamian will be a NAL citizen in everything 
but
&gt; name. That's quite a bit more than most
&gt; condominium citizens experience. Likewise, a
&gt; post-Plan Cruzado could choose to be a 
Floridian
&gt; _only_ in name. Every other aspect of life 
could
&gt; remain the same.
&gt;
&gt; _Hopefully_ the Cruzan PM will explain this to
&gt; Bush so that the best solution can be achieved. 
I
&gt; think that Florida truly fears losing its own
&gt; national sovereignty - but it may well be that
&gt; the Cruzan position is much more innocuous than
&gt; is commonly believed.

Well, it might depend on the eyes that see. But 
it's completely
innocent as far as the Cruzans and the SR are 
concerned. All that is
desired is Cruzan independence and for Florida to 
recognize this. All
other territorial claims in the region are not 
the concern of the
Cruzans nor the SR. Florida can do with the 
region what it sees fit as
long as the Cruzans are left alone as an 
independent sovereign state.
So if Florida were to recognize Cruzan 
independence, then there would
still be a Florida as far as the Cruzans and the 
SR are concerned.
Florida need not fear losing its national 
sovereignty.

-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; Blackmail is what it sounds like.
&gt;
&gt; Once again, this is probably a cultural
&gt; misunderstanding. Floridian jurisprudence would
&gt; understand &quot;Blackmail&quot; as a threat in order to
&gt; gain support for something; this is simply a
&gt; statement of fact.

That's a corrupted definition. Blackmail is the 
same as &quot;to coerce
into a particular action&quot;. Florida is threatening 
military action if
the Cruzans vote to be independent, but offering 
peace if Cruzans vote
to become part of Florida. Hence, they're 
threating military action in
order to coerce the Cruzans into voting against 
independence.

&gt; &gt; This is the core of the problem. The
&gt; &gt; SR and the Cruzados want Florida to respect a
&gt; &gt; referendum over Cruzan
&gt; &gt; sovereignty. &quot;Respect&quot; means that should the
&gt; &gt; Cruzans decide in favor
&gt; &gt; of full independence, then Florida cannot use
&gt; &gt; its military forces upon the islands.
&gt;
&gt; I think issues of &quot;Cruzan sovereignty&quot; and SR
&gt; activities in the Cruzans would need to be 
worked
&gt; on.

See below.

&gt; There might be some wiggle room _if_ the 
Cruzans
&gt; opted for independence but accepted Floridian
&gt; defence. And if the SR were allowed to post
&gt; military units to the islands, Florida would at
&gt; least require a base and an observer programme. 
I
&gt; mean, they would have Floridian defence anyway:
&gt; they're surrounded by Floridian waters after 
all!

More specifically, Cruzan waters is surrounded by 
Floridian waters.

Anyways, that's certainly doable! In fact, that's 
an excellent option!

This would allow for the recognition of Cruzan 
independence by Florida
(should the results of the referendum be in that 
favor), to the
satisfaction of both the Cruzans and the SR.

Given the geographical facts and if Cruzan 
independence were
recognized, then Florida would be most welcome to 
help defend the
Cruzans together with the SR. In fact, this is 
what I originally
thought was meant by condominium status. Because, 
since the SR
recognizes the Cruzan Islands as an independent 
state in free
association with the SR, then for Florida to 
offer condominium status
would mean joint defence and guarantorship with 
the SR of Cruzan
independence. So basically, I thought 
&quot;condominium&quot; status meant that
the Cruzan Islands would be in free association 
with both the SR and
the Florida. Strictly speaking, this isn't really 
a condominium in the
traditional sense. It's more of a joint 
guarantorship of Cruzan
independence. This would be completely acceptable 
to the SR, but the
Cruzans themselves would have to put it through a 
referendum because
the Cruzan Constitution requires all issues 
concerning a change in
sovereignty to be put through a referendum. But 
at least this would be
much more acceptable to Cruzans than becoming a 
Floridian territory or
province.

If accepted, then further details of this joint 
association needs to
be worked out. For instance, the currency. 
Florida already expressed
the intention to replace the local currency with 
Floridian currency.
Chances are quite good that the Cruzans will vote 
in favor in the
change in currency should it be put through a 
referendum (as required
in the constitution). It's simply more practical.

Another issue that need to be addressed for joint 
association is the
question of who would be the Cruzan head of 
state. As it is now, the
Cruzan constitution recognizes the Queen in 
Copenhagen as head of
state. Should Florida want this changed, then 
this too should be put
through a referendum since it would also be a 
change-in-sovereignty
issue. Chances are not good that this will 
change.

&gt; &gt; -----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; &gt; But mind you, if they accept the Plan, the
&gt; &gt; Cruzan
&gt; &gt; &gt; Iss. will be the _most_ independent 
Province
&gt; &gt; &gt; there is. Even the original Provinces don't
&gt; &gt; &gt; enjoy what the Cruzans are being offered!
&gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; How so?
&gt;
&gt; Well, no other citizens are able to obtain dual
&gt; citizenship; migration is somewhat restricted
&gt; (the Cruzans, as a condo with the SR, would 
allow
&gt; unrestricted movement between the two lands);
&gt; businesses must conform to the usual strictures
&gt; placed on international trade; etc.

Cruzan independence would mean that the Cruzans 
would have their own
citizenship - their own passport. But, if it were 
in free association
with both the SR and Florida, then Cruzan 
citizenship should entitle
Cruzans to freely enter and exit Florida and all 
SR countries.

-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; and I'm sure there are
&gt; &gt; quite a few Cruzans who, knowing they have 
the
&gt; &gt; SR as their guaranteur,
&gt; &gt; are agitating war just to spite the 
Floridians
&gt; &gt; - y'know teach them a lesson.
&gt;
&gt; Quite! But, a lesson at what price?

I know what you mean. It's an 
emotional/heat-of-the-moment kind of
phase, I'm sure. After heads are cooled off, I'm 
sure that Cruzans and
Scandinavians will be more moderate in their 
expressions. Not everyone
are diplomats, and certainly not many of the 
average borger in the
street.

&gt; &gt; &gt; Any idea on when R-Day will take place?
&gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; How's the end of the month sound? That should
&gt; &gt; be sufficient time for campaigning.
&gt;
&gt; Sounds good. It will give the Cruzados a month 
to
&gt; see how well the Bahamians like their new 
status.
&gt; Look out for the Convocación de la República
&gt; tomorrow at noon on Telenovial: the newly 
elected
&gt; Governors of Bahamas and Jamaica receive their
&gt; chains of office and the new Senators take 
their
&gt; seats in the Congress as well.

Mind you, the Cruzan Constitution requires a 75% 
majority from an at
least 50% voter turnout for any changes in 
sovereignty to take effect.

&gt; The NAL, at least, seems mollified by the Plan.

Good for them, and good for Florida.

...and if Florida were to recognize Cruzan 
independence, then the SR
would be mollified as well. Florida would only 
have to worry about
England and Kemr, and a potential Grand Coalition 
_without_ the SR
involved! In fact, the SR would be in place to 
defend the area within
Cruzan territorial waters and airspace - no 
matter how small it may be
;).

&gt; As for England and Kemr - they're clearly still
&gt; up for the Grand Coalition with the SR, should
&gt; things go awry. And even if they don't, they 
may
&gt; well decide to go in anyway and try to wrest
&gt; their colonies back.

The SR sees the idea of the Grand Coalition is a 
bit short sighted,
I'm afraid. I mean, what's to be done afterwards? 
The Floridians have,
afterall, a national psyche dictated by Destino 
Castellano. So the
Grand Coalition would only be an absolutely last 
resort, as far as the
SR is concerned.

&gt; &gt; The Cruzan PM is already in Miami together 
with
&gt; &gt; the SR Foreign
&gt; &gt; Minister. They were part of the delegation 
sent
&gt; &gt; to Miami to disguss the Floridian Plan.
&gt;
&gt; Excellent! Hopefully, they can explain in 
simple
&gt; terms their understanding of things! [I 
wouldn't
&gt; mind being privy to _that_ meeting...]

Well, I hope I have explained things a bit 
clearer in this post. I'm
not a political scientist, I'm afraid.

-kristian

&lt;/pre&gt;
----
&lt;pre&gt;

Date: Fri, 4 Jul 2003 07:09:56 -0700 (PDT) 
Subject: Re: [conculture] Dalmatian Debacle + Two wars down, one to go? + How close are we, really? 
       
 
--- Kristian Jensen &lt;kljensen@image.dk&gt; wrote:

&gt; &gt; &gt; ...and the SR is not interested either in
&gt; &gt; &gt; waging a war that is near
&gt; &gt; &gt; impossible to win in the long run if
&gt; Florida
&gt; &gt; &gt; sticks to her notions of
&gt; &gt; &gt; nationhood and Destino Castellano.
&gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; It's kind of built into the national psyche.
&gt; 
&gt; ...making it all the more difficult to pursuade
&gt; them of anything contrary to their doctrine.

Aye. You sort of have to push the right button.
If a way can be found to at least make Florida
think that it has a stake in the Cruzans, then
they'd undoubtedly change their tune.

&gt; -----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; There is one Republic! And one Government
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; encompassed it!
&gt; &gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; &gt; That's understood. But can't it be such
&gt; that
&gt; &gt; &gt; the annexed territories
&gt; &gt; &gt; are in free association with the Republic
&gt; &gt; &gt; should they decide it to be so in a
&gt; referendum?
&gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; I think there must be a cultural
&gt; misunderstanding
&gt; &gt; on this point.
&gt; 
&gt; I'm thinking the same thing...
&gt; 
&gt; &gt; To be quite blunt, there is
&gt; &gt; nothing in the Floridian / Spanish experience
&gt; &gt; that has prepared them for this impasse. They
&gt; &gt; don't understand what you (the Cruzados)
&gt; really
&gt; &gt; mean by this.
&gt; 
&gt; Really? No &quot;Estado Associado Libre&quot; (like
&gt; Puerto Rico and Cuba *here*)?

Nope. Not yet anyway. It's always been assumed
that if a territory didn't willingly join up or
join by being bought out, then it would have to
be subjugated by force.

Think early USA and manifest destiny. Though
Florida has been a little less underhanded than
the USA, on the whole. While the US was fond of
making and then breaking treaties, Florida has
always made it clear that you will be annexed
without question.

But all things change and come to an end: the
recent conception of the Plan marked the formal
end to Florida's aggressive expansionism phase,
in the mind of the Government. It never occurred
to them that a Territory would refuse the Plan,
which puts Florida in an interesting position. As
a matter of self image and honour, Florida has to
accomplish its Plan without further war. On the
other hand, if the Cruzans carry through with
their threatened independence, then Florida would
lose face. Thus, it reacts by issuing threats of
its own (which the SR sees as blackmail); but
which are _most likely_ no more than bluster. The
situation is _not_ helpped by third party
meddlers (Dalmatia) who may unwittingly be
hampering the delicate process.

&gt; &gt; Nor do they really understand what
&gt; &gt; condominiums are all about, I think. It seems
&gt; to
&gt; &gt; me that they went a little far in their offer
&gt; - I
&gt; &gt; mean, for all pracitcal purposes, a post-Plan
&gt; &gt; Bahamian will be a NAL citizen in everything
&gt; but
&gt; &gt; name. That's quite a bit more than most
&gt; &gt; condominium citizens experience. Likewise, a
&gt; &gt; post-Plan Cruzado could choose to be a
&gt; Floridian
&gt; &gt; _only_ in name. Every other aspect of life
&gt; could
&gt; &gt; remain the same.
&gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; _Hopefully_ the Cruzan PM will explain this
&gt; to
&gt; &gt; Bush so that the best solution can be
&gt; achieved. I
&gt; &gt; think that Florida truly fears losing its own
&gt; &gt; national sovereignty - but it may well be
&gt; that
&gt; &gt; the Cruzan position is much more innocuous
&gt; than
&gt; &gt; is commonly believed.
&gt; 
&gt; Well, it might depend on the eyes that see. But
&gt; it's completely
&gt; innocent as far as the Cruzans and the SR are
&gt; concerned. All that is
&gt; desired is Cruzan independence and for Florida
&gt; to recognize this. All
&gt; other territorial claims in the region are not
&gt; the concern of the
&gt; Cruzans nor the SR. Florida can do with the
&gt; region what it sees fit as
&gt; long as the Cruzans are left alone as an
&gt; independent sovereign state.
&gt; So if Florida were to recognize Cruzan
&gt; independence, then there would
&gt; still be a Florida as far as the Cruzans and
&gt; the SR are concerned.
&gt; Florida need not fear losing its national
&gt; sovereignty.

Well, that's a relief.

&gt; -----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; There might be some wiggle room _if_ the
&gt; Cruzans
&gt; &gt; opted for independence but accepted Floridian
&gt; &gt; defence. And if the SR were allowed to post
&gt; &gt; military units to the islands, Florida would
&gt; at
&gt; &gt; least require a base and an observer
&gt; programme. I
&gt; &gt; mean, they would have Floridian defence
&gt; anyway:
&gt; &gt; they're surrounded by Floridian waters after
&gt; all!
&gt; 
&gt; More specifically, Cruzan waters is surrounded
&gt; by Floridian waters.
&gt; 
&gt; Anyways, that's certainly doable! In fact,
&gt; that's an excellent option!

Now, they will have to convince Bush that it was
really his idea... Rivera would be a pushover.

&gt; This would allow for the recognition of Cruzan
&gt; independence by Florida
&gt; (should the results of the referendum be in
&gt; that favor), to the
&gt; satisfaction of both the Cruzans and the SR.
&gt; 
&gt; Given the geographical facts and if Cruzan
&gt; independence were
&gt; recognized, then Florida would be most welcome
&gt; to help defend the
&gt; Cruzans together with the SR. In fact, this is
&gt; what I originally
&gt; thought was meant by condominium status.

Ah, well! Different expectations, it would seem,
can easily lead to near disaster!

&gt; Because, since the SR
&gt; recognizes the Cruzan Islands as an independent
&gt; state in free
&gt; association with the SR, then for Florida to
&gt; offer condominium status
&gt; would mean joint defence and guarantorship with
&gt; the SR of Cruzan
&gt; independence. So basically, I thought
&gt; &quot;condominium&quot; status meant that
&gt; the Cruzan Islands would be in free association
&gt; with both the SR and
&gt; the Florida. Strictly speaking, this isn't
&gt; really a condominium in the
&gt; traditional sense. It's more of a joint
&gt; guarantorship of Cruzan
&gt; independence. This would be completely
&gt; acceptable to the SR, but the
&gt; Cruzans themselves would have to put it through
&gt; a referendum because
&gt; the Cruzan Constitution requires all issues
&gt; concerning a change in
&gt; sovereignty to be put through a referendum. But
&gt; at least this would be
&gt; much more acceptable to Cruzans than becoming a
&gt; Floridian territory or
&gt; province.

Yeah, well, recognise and coddle the Floridian
sense of machismo a little, and you could
probably get just about anything!

&gt; If accepted, then further details of this joint
&gt; association needs to
&gt; be worked out. For instance, the currency.
&gt; Florida already expressed
&gt; the intention to replace the local currency
&gt; with Floridian currency.
&gt; Chances are quite good that the Cruzans will
&gt; vote in favor in the
&gt; change in currency should it be put through a
&gt; referendum (as required
&gt; in the constitution). It's simply more
&gt; practical.
&gt; 
&gt; Another issue that need to be addressed for
&gt; joint association is the
&gt; question of who would be the Cruzan head of
&gt; state. 

You all have a PM, no?

&gt; As it is now, the
&gt; Cruzan constitution recognizes the Queen in
&gt; Copenhagen as head of state. 

Oh, I see what you mean. Once again, a cultural
difference.

&gt; Should Florida want this changed, then
&gt; this too should be put
&gt; through a referendum since it would also be a
&gt; change-in-sovereignty
&gt; issue. Chances are not good that this will
&gt; change.

Can they have two? Yes - they could easily have
two: how about a Head of State &amp; Head of
Government sort of thing?

&gt; &gt; &gt; -----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; But mind you, if they accept the Plan,
&gt; the
&gt; &gt; &gt; Cruzan
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Iss. will be the _most_ independent
&gt; Province
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; there is. Even the original Provinces
&gt; don't
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; enjoy what the Cruzans are being offered!
&gt; &gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; &gt; How so?
&gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; Well, no other citizens are able to obtain
&gt; dual
&gt; &gt; citizenship; migration is somewhat restricted
&gt; &gt; (the Cruzans, as a condo with the SR, would
&gt; allow
&gt; &gt; unrestricted movement between the two lands);
&gt; &gt; businesses must conform to the usual
&gt; strictures
&gt; &gt; placed on international trade; etc.
&gt; 
&gt; Cruzan independence would mean that the Cruzans
&gt; would have their own
&gt; citizenship - their own passport. 

Well, that as well: Cubans don't have Cuban
passports. Everyone's passport says &quot;República de
la Tierra Florida y las Antilles&quot;.

And in two hours time, a whole bunch of people
will also have separate passports that say &quot;The
North American League&quot; on.

&gt; But, if it were in free association
&gt; with both the SR and Florida, then Cruzan
&gt; citizenship should entitle
&gt; Cruzans to freely enter and exit Florida and
&gt; all SR countries.

Yes.

&gt; -----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; The NAL, at least, seems mollified by the
&gt; &gt; Plan.
&gt; 
&gt; Good for them, and good for Florida.
&gt; 
&gt; ...and if Florida were to recognize Cruzan
&gt; independence, then the SR would be mollified as
&gt; well. 

Well, the root problem, really, is the military
one. So long as the SR is willing to entertain a
conjoined defense scheme, then I think Florida
would be much more satisfied with this strange
notion of Cruzan independence.

&gt; Florida would only have to worry about
&gt; England and Kemr, 

Pfau! &quot;Load of Miss Nancies&quot;, as the Anglos say!

&gt; and a potential Grand
&gt; Coalition _without_ the SR
&gt; involved! 

The Coalition seems to be deflating from &quot;Grand&quot;
to &quot;Not all that Bad&quot; to &quot;Totally Mediocre&quot;!

&gt; In fact, the SR would be in place to
&gt; defend the area within
&gt; Cruzan territorial waters and airspace - no
&gt; matter how small it may be ;).

A strange position, given the traditional
friendship between the SR and the FK countries.

&gt; &gt; As for England and Kemr - they're clearly
&gt; still
&gt; &gt; up for the Grand Coalition with the SR,
&gt; should
&gt; &gt; things go awry. And even if they don't, they
&gt; may
&gt; &gt; well decide to go in anyway and try to wrest
&gt; &gt; their colonies back.
&gt; 
&gt; The SR sees the idea of the Grand Coalition is
&gt; a bit short sighted, I'm afraid. 

I suspect it's the cooler heads of the SR legates
that have prevented war for this long. Anyway,
the Kemrese can be a pretty hot headed lot (they
_are_ Latins after all!).

&gt; I mean, what's to be done
&gt; afterwards? The Floridians have,
&gt; afterall, a national psyche dictated by Destino
&gt; Castellano. So the
&gt; Grand Coalition would only be an absolutely
&gt; last resort, as far as the SR is concerned.

On the other hand, the FK has that jolly notion
of Empire at the back of its collective head.
Neither Kemr nor England can seem to get past the
idea that they've lost even the smallest rock in
the sea.

And their lack of compromise has prompted Florida
to thumb its nose as the idea of offering a
condominium. While on the other hand, Scotland's
allowance of compromise has reduced its colonies
to condominium territories - but it has gained a
strong trading partner and reduced tarriffs for
its goods and a wider range of imports. The NAL
(and hopefully the SR) will also enjoy the same.

Padraic.

&lt;/pre&gt;
----
&lt;pre&gt;

Date: Mon, 7 Jul 2003 11:19:38 -0500 
Subject: [conculture] IB: Western Caribbean 
       
 
Okay. As *here*, the Dutch, the English and the 
French (the Cambrians too)
oposed the papal bule that divided all new 
non-Christian lands between
Portugal and Castile-Leon. The Caribbean was one 
of the scenarios of a
series of colonial wars.

One day (I do not remember the year), the English 
launched an offensive to
take one of the big Antiles. Their main goal was 
Castellana (Santo Domingo),
but at the last time they changed their plans 
(too much resistance) and
attacked Jamaica instead and took posetion. 
Finally the French took
Castellana and founded the colony of Haiti in the 
western half.

Jamaica was a good base for privateers and 
freebosters against Castilian and
French posetions, and both English regulars, 
privateers and freebosters,
settled in the surrounding islands and the 
Central American shores, where
the lumber industry proved lucrative. Many freed 
and scaped slaves from
Jamaica also settled in neighboring islands and 
in the Central American
shore. With time, the colony in *Belize was 
formalized.

Bloofield, founded by a Dutch privateer near the 
San Juan mouth, and San
Andres, founded by Scotish migrants (without 
support from the Scotish
government), become the center of several fights 
between the English and the
Castilians, as the settlers there were a constant 
threat to the interior of
Nicaragua and the gold from Peru. By late 18th 
century, England resigned all
her rights to the Mosquito Coast and San Andres, 
in exchange to Trinidad and
Belize (The English also took Essequibo).

As several Castilian colonies broke free during 
the French &amp; Aragonese
occupation of Castile-Leon in the early 19th 
century (and even before that),
the English kept supporting the English and 
Creole speaking populations in
Castilian Territory. The Castilian King in Santa 
Fe, New Granada, had many
more important problems to worry about than a few 
tiny islands and some
jungle covered shores barely inhabited by Indians 
and Creoles.

After Mejico, Tejas, Venezola, Peru and Chile 
were definitively lost, and
the French and Aragonese expelled from Castile 
propper, and the
stabilization of Guatemala, New Granada, Cuba and 
Porto Rico. The King could
concentrate on the Western Caribbean, and on 
Santo Domingo (invaded by
Haiti)... a few more colonial wars and skimrishes 
followed between
Castile-Leon and England.

Eventually Jamaica seceded from England joining 
the Solemn League and
Convenant, but England kept the Cayman Islands 
and Belize almos undisputed,
while the Mosquito Coast, San Andres and adjacent 
cays were still fought
with the Castilians.

As Central America, Cuba, Porto Rico, Santo 
Domingo and New Granada were
becoming less &quot;colonies&quot; and more integral part 
of the Castilian Kingdom;
and with the projects to build a canal in 
Nicaragua, a few agreements were
made between England and CL. The San Juan 
territory would be Castilian
without any dubt, as well as any shore at the 
Southeast of the San Juan
mouth.

(England was aware that they would not control 
completely the Nicaragua
canal, and if they would oppose too much, CL 
would build the canal in
Panama, so it would be better to settle some 
understanding with CL.)

In 1932, a final agreement was signed, between 
England and Castile-Leon. The
Caribbean Shore north of paralel 13°, and East of 
meridian 85° west from
Greenwich, would be an English Colony (up to 100 
miles inside, exact
boundary was specified). Everything south of that 
paralel would be
Castilian. Adjacent cays, west from 82° W from 
Greenwish, would be English.
San Andres and Old Providence would be Castilian. 
Similar arrangements were
done for Belize.

In 1933, the Governorship of San Andrés and 
Mosquitía was created,
compromising Bloofields, San Andres, Providencia 
and related cays. This
governorship was stablished with strong authonomy 
into the Central American
Presidency (later Central American Community). 
San Andrés was chosen as
Capital.

In 1988, Florida-Caribbea landed an invation on 
San Andres. San Andrés was
taken back by English-Castilian combined forces 
in 1989 but felt again in
1992 to the Floridans. Neither Castile-Leon nor 
England have recognized any
right of F-C over San Andres, but Castile-Leon 
has a cease-fire agreement
with F-C. Given that England is still fighting 
the Floridians, many have
proposed that if England frees San Andres, they 
should not handled it back
to C-L.

Note that if the League of Nations finally 
decides to take action against
Florida-Caribbea, Castile-Leon will break the 
cease-fire. (And Castile-Leon
is currently lobbying to get the resolution 
against FC passed in the LoN)

-- Carlos Th

(NOTE: We now know &quot;Belize&quot; as &quot;Wallace Cay&quot;; the Castilian form of the name is &quot;Belice&quot;.)
&lt;/pre&gt;
----
&lt;pre&gt;

Date: Tue, 8 Jul 2003 16:43:22 +0200 
Subject: Re: [conculture] Dalmatian Debacle + Two wars down, one to go? + How close are we, really? 
       
 
----- Oprindelig meddelelse -----
Fra: &quot;Costentin Cornomorus&quot; &lt;elemtilas@yahoo.com&gt;
Til: &lt;conculture@yahoogroups.com&gt;
Sendt: 4. juli 2003 16:09
Emne: Re: [conculture] Dalmatian Debacle + Two 
wars down, one to go? +
How close are we, really?


&gt; --- Kristian Jensen &lt;kljensen@image.dk&gt; wrote:
-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; ...making it all the more difficult to 
pursuade
&gt; &gt; them of anything contrary to their doctrine.
&gt;
&gt; Aye. You sort of have to push the right button.
&gt; If a way can be found to at least make Florida
&gt; think that it has a stake in the Cruzans, then
&gt; they'd undoubtedly change their tune.

...their stake: the right to defend a fellow 
Antilleano - a Cruzado.
:)

-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; Really? No &quot;Estado Associado Libre&quot; (like
&gt; &gt; Puerto Rico and Cuba *here*)?
&gt;
&gt; Nope. Not yet anyway. It's always been assumed
&gt; that if a territory didn't willingly join up or
&gt; join by being bought out, then it would have to
&gt; be subjugated by force.

I see.

&gt; Think early USA and manifest destiny. Though
&gt; Florida has been a little less underhanded than
&gt; the USA, on the whole. While the US was fond of
&gt; making and then breaking treaties, Florida has
&gt; always made it clear that you will be annexed
&gt; without question.

I see.

All in all... very pre-Napoleonic Spanish in its 
thinking.

&gt; But all things change and come to an end: the
&gt; recent conception of the Plan marked the formal
&gt; end to Florida's aggressive expansionism phase,
&gt; in the mind of the Government. It never 
occurred
&gt; to them that a Territory would refuse the Plan,
&gt; which puts Florida in an interesting position. 
As
&gt; a matter of self image and honour, Florida has 
to
&gt; accomplish its Plan without further war. On the
&gt; other hand, if the Cruzans carry through with
&gt; their threatened independence, then Florida 
would
&gt; lose face. Thus, it reacts by issuing threats 
of
&gt; its own (which the SR sees as blackmail); but
&gt; which are _most likely_ no more than bluster. 
The
&gt; situation is _not_ helpped by third party
&gt; meddlers (Dalmatia) who may unwittingly be
&gt; hampering the delicate process.

To each his own.

-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; Anyways, that's certainly doable! In fact,
&gt; &gt; that's an excellent option!
&gt;
&gt; Now, they will have to convince Bush that it 
was
&gt; really his idea... Rivera would be a pushover.

I think the SR and Cruzan delegation will first 
convince Rivera. A
pushover, for sure. He is the one who, afterall, 
is the strongest
supporter of Cruzado rights. This will be done, 
of course, in a
separate meeting where Bush is not present. Then, 
with the help of
Rivera, the delegation will try to convince Bush 
that it was really
his idea. I don't know what input Rivera will 
have here, but I think
the delegation will bring up the fact that Bush 
himself was the
mastermind behind the Plan, and it was expressed 
quite clearly in the
Plan that the Cruzan islands would have 
&quot;condominium status&quot; with the
SR. And (like I have written below), since the SR 
recognizes the
Cruzan Islands as an independent state in free 
association with the
SR, then for Bush to offer &quot;condominium status&quot; 
would mean joint
defence and guarantorship with the SR of Cruzan 
independence.


-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; Another issue that need to be addressed for
&gt; &gt; joint association is the
&gt; &gt; question of who would be the Cruzan head of
&gt; &gt; state.
&gt;
&gt; You all have a PM, no?

All SR states have a their own PM.

&gt; &gt; As it is now, the
&gt; &gt; Cruzan constitution recognizes the Queen in
&gt; &gt; Copenhagen as head of state.
&gt;
&gt; Oh, I see what you mean. Once again, a cultural
&gt; difference.

Yes.

&gt; &gt; Should Florida want this changed, then
&gt; &gt; this too should be put
&gt; &gt; through a referendum since it would also be a
&gt; &gt; change-in-sovereignty
&gt; &gt; issue. Chances are not good that this will
&gt; &gt; change.
&gt;
&gt; Can they have two? Yes - they could easily have
&gt; two: how about a Head of State &amp; Head of
&gt; Government sort of thing?

While each SR state has its own PM (who is the 
local Head of
Government), they all share the same Head of 
State - the Queen. On a
higher level, the Cruzans also recognize the 
Chancellor of the SR as
the Head of the Multinational SR Government, to 
which the the Cruzan
Islands is freely associated with. So if joint 
guarantorship is
accepted by Florida, I don't see why the Cruzans 
should not also
recognize el Presidente as the Head of the 
Multinational Government of
el Presidencia de la Tierra Florida y las 
Antilles, to which the
Cruzans would then also be freely associated 
with.

Over the weekend, I did some research about 
constitutions and found
out how exactly the SR government is structured. 
The SR government is
only responsible for the &quot;Fællesanlæggene&quot; (the 
Common Affairs). This
includes Commonwealth's finance, defense, foreign 
affairs, church
affairs, and civil liberties.

The legislative side is controlled by the 
&quot;Rigsråd&quot; (the &quot;Council of
the Realm&quot;). Formally, it meets every other year, 
but actually has
&quot;extraordinary&quot; meetings quite often. Normally, 
this is done in
Gjøteborg, but it can meet anywhere if the need 
arises. It can only
pass laws when at least two-thirds of the members 
are present.

The Rigsråd is composed of a number of members 
from each associated
state chosen by the Queen, a number of members 
from each associated
state chosen by their respective parliaments, and 
a number of members
from each associated state elected directly by 
the people of their
respective states. The affiliated states of New 
Sweden and New Iceland
have observers in the Rigsråd with no voting 
rights. From among the
members of the Rigsråd, a President and two 
Vice-Presidents are
elected, who directs the meetings according to 
established etiquette.

On the Executive side, there is the 
&quot;Gehejmekonseil&quot; (the &quot;Privy
Council&quot;). This is composed of the Queen, the 
Chancellor, his
ministers, and any PMs from associated states who 
happens to be
present. If the Queen is not present, then it is 
called the &quot;Kancelli&quot;
(the &quot;Chancellery&quot;). The Chancellor is elected by 
the majority in the
Rigsråd. The Chancellor chooses his ministers. 
Each minister heads a
College controlling the Common Affairs of the 
Commonwealth. There's a
College of the Exchequer (in charge of finance), 
a College of the
Admiralty (in charge of naval defense), a College 
of State (in charge
of foreign affairs), a College of the Church (for 
church affairs), and
a College of Rights (for civil liberties).

Each associated state has its own parliamentary 
system of government
with its own system of ministries/colleges.

-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; Cruzan independence would mean that the 
Cruzans
&gt; &gt; would have their own
&gt; &gt; citizenship - their own passport.
&gt;
&gt; Well, that as well: Cubans don't have Cuban
&gt; passports. Everyone's passport says &quot;República 
de
&gt; la Tierra Florida y las Antilles&quot;.
&gt;
&gt; And in two hours time, a whole bunch of people
&gt; will also have separate passports that say &quot;The
&gt; North American League&quot; on.

Oh OK... I get it.

-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; ...and if Florida were to recognize Cruzan
&gt; &gt; independence, then the SR would be mollified 
as
&gt; &gt; well.
&gt;
&gt; Well, the root problem, really, is the military
&gt; one. So long as the SR is willing to entertain 
a
&gt; conjoined defense scheme, then I think Florida
&gt; would be much more satisfied with this strange
&gt; notion of Cruzan independence.

This may be a first in IB. But *here*, the 
closest thing I can think
of is Iceland where the US, the UK, Canada, 
Denmark, Norway, and
Holland take part in the Icelandic Defence Force.

Of course, I have never heard of a scheme where a 
country would be
freely associated with more than one country. But 
then IB is a weird
place.

-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; In fact, the SR would be in place to
&gt; &gt; defend the area within
&gt; &gt; Cruzan territorial waters and airspace - no
&gt; &gt; matter how small it may be ;).
&gt;
&gt; A strange position, given the traditional
&gt; friendship between the SR and the FK countries.

Not really. It's not any weird than Scotland 
accepting condominium
status with Florida. Its implied that, should the 
FK countries decide
to pursue their Grand Coalition, all they have to 
do is maneuver
around the Cruzan Islands and the SR will not 
react. There might even
be the grotesque situation where the Grand 
Coalition will sail
together with SR ships, and just before entering 
Floridian waters, the
SR ships will part from the Coalition fleet 
wishing them good luck
before sailing on to the Cruzan Islands to 
perform their defensive
duties there. Of course, all this is just 
speculative, and I'm not
sure if Florida
understood this implication, but it certainly 
won't be spelled out to
them by the Scandinavian nor Cruzan delegates. 
Nor will the
aformentioned grotesque situation be openly 
admitted should it ever
occur.

-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; The SR sees the idea of the Grand Coalition 
is
&gt; &gt; a bit short sighted, I'm afraid.
&gt;
&gt; I suspect it's the cooler heads of the SR 
legates
&gt; that have prevented war for this long. Anyway,
&gt; the Kemrese can be a pretty hot headed lot 
(they
&gt; _are_ Latins after all!).

Small neutral powers are hard pressed to find 
ways to please potential
enemies and not to provoke war. So diplomacy is 
actually a big part of
the overall military and tactical doctrine of 
SR's &quot;Lynkrig&quot;. Peace
should always be sought after before military 
conflict without
sacrificing the sovereignty of SR nations.

&gt; &gt; I mean, what's to be done
&gt; &gt; afterwards? The Floridians have,
&gt; &gt; afterall, a national psyche dictated by 
Destino
&gt; &gt; Castellano. So the
&gt; &gt; Grand Coalition would only be an absolutely
&gt; &gt; last resort, as far as the SR is concerned.
&gt;
&gt; On the other hand, the FK has that jolly notion
&gt; of Empire at the back of its collective head.
&gt; Neither Kemr nor England can seem to get past 
the
&gt; idea that they've lost even the smallest rock 
in
&gt; the sea.

To some extent, the mainland Scandinavians have 
the same empirialistic
tendencies. But because the the Scandinavian 
&quot;Empire&quot; is so much
smaller than the FK's rather intimidating  Empire 
(which historically
includes the NAL and Australasia), then there is 
also a bit of a
minority complex expressed through a collective 
psyche called &quot;Jante's
Law&quot;. Basically, &quot;Jante's Law&quot; states that one 
shall not be boastful.
So instead, Scandinavian's celebrate the small as 
being more
desireable than the big.

Anyways, I guess this explains partly why the SR 
will not give up on
the Cruzan Islands, and partly why the SR would 
rather negotiate
rather than intimidate.

&gt; And their lack of compromise has prompted 
Florida
&gt; to thumb its nose as the idea of offering a
&gt; condominium. While on the other hand, 
Scotland's
&gt; allowance of compromise has reduced its 
colonies
&gt; to condominium territories - but it has gained 
a
&gt; strong trading partner and reduced tarriffs for
&gt; its goods and a wider range of imports. The NAL
&gt; (and hopefully the SR) will also enjoy the 
same.

Hopefully.

&gt; &gt; Well, I hope I have explained things a bit
&gt; &gt; clearer in this post. I'm
&gt; &gt; not a political scientist, I'm afraid.
&gt;
&gt; Yeah. Neither am I, mind! Perhaps they're not 
so
&gt; far away, after all!

Perhaps.

BTW, what will happen to Rivera and his 
administration should the
Cruzans vote for independence? Will the exiled 
government immediately
take over? Or should the term of Rivera and his 
government's office be
allowed to continue until it expires?

Actually, I'm a bit confused now as to what 
exactly the referendum is
about. Is it still over Cruzan independence? Or 
has it now become over
free association with Florida? If the former is 
the case, and Florida
still wants the Cruzan Islands to be freely 
associated with Florida,
then another referendum over free association 
needs to be conducted.
If the latter, then that means that Florida 
already recognizes the
Cruzan Islands as independent and is only asking 
the Cruzans to
consider free association with Florida for the 
sake of peace.

-kristian-
 
&lt;/pre&gt;
----
&lt;pre&gt;

Date: Sat, 26 Jul 2003 09:32:56 -0700 (PDT) 
Subject: Re: [conculture] IB: Rigets Tidende - 3 articles 
       
 
--- Kristian Jensen &lt;kljensen@image.dk&gt; wrote:

&gt; POLLS SAY: IT'S CLOSE IN THE CARIBBEAN

Hopefully, the Referendum Education Programme can
help defuse some of the misinformation presented
in the Cruzado press! ;)

&gt; Those that are against the plan are concerned
&gt; about the long term and
&gt; pragmatic effects of voting yes. They say that
&gt; while Alonso Rivera,
&gt; the current Floridian governor of the Cruzan
&gt; islands, is a sympathetic
&gt; governor, no one can know for sure who will
&gt; replace Alonso when he
&gt; retires, and whether his replacement will be
&gt; just as sympathetic. Past
&gt; governors have been quite brutal.

He is nearing retirement, regardless of the
outcome of the Referendum. There is no way to
predict who of the likely contenders will get the
prize, though. The current Governor of Martinique
would like to add the tourism and plantation
income potential of the Islands to her own
portfolio. She is _not_ native friendly. On the
other hand, the de Borbon family (relatives of
European royalty) are wealthy and are looking for
an island or two to buy up. They could easily buy
up the Governorship of the Cruzans outright and
perhaps rent out some of the lesser islands to
some other competitor.

&gt; Those that are undecided are split between the
&gt; desire for peace on the
&gt; one hand and fears of who will eventually
&gt; replace Alonso Rivera on the
&gt; other. Most of the undecided don't intend to
&gt; vote. 

That could be disasterous for the Cruzans!
Personally, I don't care which way they vote -
but they _need_ to do so!

It would be so tragic if some rapacious governor
came to power in Cruzans or war broke out over
the place just because no one turned out to vote.

If there's gonna be a war, at least it should be
known before hand that the Cruzados willed to
take the chance on it!

&gt; *****
&gt; READER'S FORUM

Interesting opinions!

&gt; ---
&gt; On one hand, the Floridians did take our
&gt; freedom away from us in 1946.
&gt; But we have since gained a little more with
&gt; Alonso Rivera as governor.
&gt; I'll be the first to admit that it's not near
&gt; as much freedom as we
&gt; had before 1946, but it's what we have. I say,
&gt; we should deal with it and vote &quot;yes&quot;.

Somewhat misinformed, but I think one of the more
sensible Cruzados!

&gt; ---
&gt; 
&gt; Before 1946, when Florida invaded the Cruzan
&gt; Islands, the islands was
&gt; an independent state. It did no have a governor
&gt; as it has now. It had
&gt; a prime minister chosen by the Cruzans
&gt; themselves. But for more than
&gt; sixty years now, the islands have been reduced
&gt; to a Floridian
&gt; territory with a Floridian governor. Their
&gt; first Floridian governor
&gt; was definitely a tyrant. On the other hand, the
&gt; current one, Alonso
&gt; Rivera, is no doubt a sypathetic man. Who knows
&gt; who will replace him
&gt; when he retires? The fact is, Miami does the
&gt; choosing of governors not
&gt; the Cruzan people. I say vote &quot;no&quot; to the plan
&gt; and await help from the Grand Coalition.

Admirable sentiment, but ultimately detrimental!
A yes vote to the Plan will (ultimately)
eliminate the appointed governorship from the
Cruzans - citizens will once again elect their
own Governor/Prime Minister and government.

&gt; ---
&gt; 
&gt; It's a scandal that the Giøteborg government
&gt; has even allowed the
&gt; referendum to take place. What use is there of
&gt; having a rigsfælleskab
&gt; if we are not willing to defend it? It's about
&gt; time the Grand
&gt; Coalition is formed to put an end to Florida's
&gt; illusions of grandeur.

Clearly, not an inhabitant of the Cruzans!! It's
all well and good for one to shout loudly about
defending the commonwealth from the safety of
Norway! The average Cruzado might be a little
less sure of the commonwealth in this resepct.

&gt; *****
&gt; 
&gt; WEEKEND TOUR OF THE CRUZAN ISLANDS BY THE CROWN
&gt; PRINCE
&gt; 
&gt; His Royal Highness, Crown Prince Frederik, has
&gt; landed in Charlotte
&gt; Amalie today and will begin his three day tour
&gt; of the Cruzan Islands.

Governor Rivera and V-P Higgins-Calvo welcommed
him and will be meeting with him this evening.

&gt; Cheers greeted him in the Cruzan capital as the
&gt; crowd began to sing
&gt; &quot;Kong Christian stod ved Højen Mast&quot; [the Royal
&gt; Anthem, ed.]. He met
&gt; with Alonso Rivera at the Groenhus [the Cruzan
&gt; Parliament building,
&gt; ed.]. His Highness will be island hopping
&gt; aboard a Hamsa
&gt; flying-fuselage. His girlfriend, Tasmanian born
&gt; Mary Donaldson, will
&gt; not be accompanying him on the tour. She will
&gt; be staying in Oldenburg.

Preggo? ;)

=====

LA VOZ DE LA NACION - LA HABANA, FLORIDA
27-07-2003

Vice President Simon Eugenio Higgins-Calvo and
Governor Alonso Rivera of the Cruzados will meet
with Crown Prince Frederik of the Scandinavian
Realm during the princes weekend trip to the
Islands. Key topics of their meeting will
undoubdedly be the upcomming Referendum, set for
30 July, 2003, and the effects that it will have
on the region. Higgins-Calvo is expected to
stress the necessity of Floridian integrity in
the region, and that the Cruzados can help
maintain this requirement and retain their
independent status by ticking &quot;YES&quot; in their
ballots. Rivera is expected to tout the economic
and redevelopment advantages that the Islands can
expect with Condominium status.

The Referendum Education Programme has gone into
flank speed this weekend - the last before the
vote is scheduled. The Programme has included
media interviews with Cruzan and Floridian
officils; detailed discussions and publication of
the Plan in all Cruzan newspapers; as well as
targeted speeches, handbill distributions and
distribution of various political articles
(buttons, pins, banners, campaign &quot;money&quot; and
informative booklets. It is hoped that the rumors
so common to the Scandinavian and Cruzado press
can thus be allayed.

*****

NOTE: There are some rumours that Rivera will
also try to impress upon HH his own desire to see
the Cruzans (his adopted home, to be sure)
maintain what they have even though they might
risk gaining more through war with Florida. Not
to mention risking the lives of many Floridians
and Scandinavians; as well as the infrastructure
of Florida itself!

He is nearing retirement, and is not looking
forward to the scramble for the Governorship once
he steps down. He'd really like nothing more than
to quietly retire in his Charlotte Amalia
townhouse in a (quite reasonably) free and
undamaged Cruzan Islands.

While it's totally unofficial and unknown even to
Higgins-Calvo, Rivera is probably planning to
invite the Prince to _privately_ review some of
the Floridian defenses in the Islands. It's a
dangerous game, to be sure, if HH blabs about the
sort of things that _might_ be awaiting the SR's
forces when they try to land in the Islands. On
the other hand, Rivera's motives are really not
as impure as they might seem: he wants to impress
on someone he sees as a representative of the SR
government that Florida is serious about the
Cruzans whichever way the Cruzados vote.

Mind you, none of that is known generally!
Florida's rhetoric has traditionally been of the
&quot;resistance is futile&quot; line; but the Plan is
clearly opposite. The military are becomming much
more agitated over the issue. Of course, the high
command's position is officially &quot;We don't care
which way the Cruzados vote - we will defend all
Antilleanos whether we have to reduce them to
rubble and rebuild them; or whether they sign on
willingly&quot; sort of thing. Certainly refelctive of
the underlying though not well articulated
position of the President. He simply wants to
preserve and impose the Idea and template of
Floridian nationalism and militarism on the
Caribbean. [Similar to how earlier US presidents
wanted to impose US government on our part of the
continent.]

The details of whether the Cruzans do this via
the Plan and the Condominium - or through a war
of independence - are not that relevant to
Florida. This has probably led some Cruzans to
misinterpret what Florida means by its rhetoric.

Certainly the President sees that it's easier to
go the former route, which is why he hasn't said
anything on the topic for quite a while now. I
guess his staff feel when he opens his mouth on
this topic he tends to put his foot in it
directly. In stead, he's been touring Jamaica,
Bahamas and the NAL; promoting the Condominium
and opening up new trade negotiations. He is
expected to visit Scotland and England next week
and Kemr thereafter. The former to cement the
Condominium with Scotland; the latter to try and
smoothe over some ruffled feathers. That tour
will, naturally, put him in good position to pop
on over to Scandinavia, should the need arise
post referendum...

Padraic.

&lt;/pre&gt;
----
&lt;pre&gt;

Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2003 20:10:42 +0200 
Subject: [conculture] IB: Royal Anthem (was: Rigets Tidende - 3 articles) 
       
 
----- Oprindelig meddelelse -----
Fra: &quot;John Cowan&quot; &lt;jcowan@reutershealth.com&gt;
Til: &lt;conculture@yahoogroups.com&gt;
Sendt: 25. juli 2003 19:29
Emne: Re: [conculture] IB: Rigets Tidende - 3 
articles


&gt; Kristian Jensen scripsit:
&gt;
&gt; &gt; Cheers greeted him in the Cruzan capital as 
the crowd began to
sing
&gt; &gt; &quot;Kong Christian stod ved H?jen Mast&quot; [the 
Royal Anthem, ed.].
&gt;
&gt; You know, I'm skeptical about this.  The song 
was written in 1779,
and
&gt; is about King Christian trashing the Swedish 
enemy.  40 years later,
&gt; I think the least the Dano-Norwegian monarchs 
can do, considering
they've
&gt; just been invited to the Swedish throne, is to 
dump the song.  The
current
&gt; Danish national anthem wasn't written until 
1819, so they'll need to
&gt; choose something else.  Any ideas?

I did consider this. I changed the lyrics a bit 
so that it is not
about Denmark-Norway trashing the Swedes, but 
about the entire realm
braving evil and a turbulent history. Naval 
battles is used as a
metaphor of this, and it also reflects the Realm 
as a naval power. The
first verse, is about King Christian trashing 
Satan and his heathens.
The next three verses is about Niels Juel, 
Tordenskjold, and the realm
as a whole braving the turbulent sea - a metaphor 
for a turbulent
history.

[NOTE: Niels Juel and Tordenskjold were naval 
heroes who trashed the
Swedes *here*. But *there*, their careers 
progressed in the
privateering wars of the East and West Indies. 
Tordenskjold *here*
actually went to Tranquebar and Danish Guinea 
where he rose in the
ranks. I can easily picture the same thing for 
Niels Juel *there*].

-----
Kong Christian
[In Rigsmål]

Kong Christian stod ved høg en Mast
I Røg og Damp;
Hans Værge hamrede så fast,
at Satans Hjelm og Hjerne brast.
Da sank hvert hedensk Spegl og Mast
I Røg og Damp.
Fly, skreg de, fly, hvad flygte kan!
Hvo står for Rigets Christian (2x)
I Kamp?

Niels Juel gav Agt på Stormens Brag.
Nu er det Tid!
Han hejsede det Røde Flag
Og slog på Fjenden Slag i Slag.
Da skreg de høgt blandt Stormens Brag:
Nu er det Tid!
Fly, skreg de, hver, som véd et Skjul!
Hvo kan bestå mod Rigets Juel (2x)
I Strid?

O, Nordhav! Glimt af Wessel brød
Din mørke Sky.
Da ty'de kjæmper til dit skjød;
Thi med ham lynte Skræk of Død.
Fra Vallen hørtes Vrål, som brød
Den tykke Sky.
Fra Riget lyner Tordenskjold;
Hver give sig i Himlens Vold (2x)
og Fly!

Vores Riges Vej til Ros og Magt,
Sortladne Hav!
Modtag din Ven, som Uforsagt
Tør møde Faren med Foragt
Så stolt som du mod Stormens Magt,
Sortladne Hav!
Og rask igjennem Larm og Spil
Og Kamp og Sejer før mig til (2x)
Min Grav!

-----
King Christian
[English translation]

King Christian stood by the lofty mast
In mist and smoke;
His crew hammered so steadfastly,
that Satan's helmet and brain exploded;
Then each heathen hulk and mast sank,
In mist and smoke.
&quot;Fly!&quot; they cried, &quot;fly, he who can!
Who braves the Realm's Christian (2x)
In battle?&quot;

Niels Juel gave heed to the tempest's roar.
Now is the hour!
He hoisted the red flag
and struck the enemy blow after blow.
Then they shouted loudly through the tempest's 
roar:
&quot;Now is the hour!&quot;
&quot;Fly,&quot; they cried, &quot;each one who knows a place to 
hide!
Who can defy the Realm's Juel (2x)
in a dispute?&quot;

Oh, North Sea! A glimpse of Wessel rent
your murky cloud!
Then giants were sent to your bossom;
because from him flashed terror and death like 
lightning.
From the waves was heard a wail, that rent
your murky cloud.
From the realm flashed Tordenskjold;
Let each commend his soul to heaven (2x)
and fly!

Our realm's road to fame and might,
Dark-rolling sea!
Receive thy friend, who, scorning flight,
dares to meet danger with despite,
proudly as you, the tempest's might,
Dark-rolling sea!
And amid pleasures and alarms,
and war and victory, be your arms (2x)
my grave!

-----

-kristian-
 
&lt;/pre&gt;
----
&lt;pre&gt;

Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2003 15:56:54 +0200 
Subject: Re: [conculture] IB: Rigets Tidende - 3 articles 
       
 
----- Oprindelig meddelelse -----
Fra: &quot;Costentin Cornomorus&quot; &lt;elemtilas@yahoo.com&gt;
Til: &lt;conculture@yahoogroups.com&gt;
Sendt: 26. juli 2003 18:32
Emne: Re: [conculture] IB: Rigets Tidende - 3 
articles


&gt; --- Kristian Jensen &lt;kljensen@image.dk&gt; wrote:
-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; &gt; Those that are against the plan are concerned
&gt; &gt; about the long term and
&gt; &gt; pragmatic effects of voting yes. They say 
that
&gt; &gt; while Alonso Rivera,
&gt; &gt; the current Floridian governor of the Cruzan
&gt; &gt; islands, is a sympathetic
&gt; &gt; governor, no one can know for sure who will
&gt; &gt; replace Alonso when he
&gt; &gt; retires, and whether his replacement will be
&gt; &gt; just as sympathetic. Past
&gt; &gt; governors have been quite brutal.
&gt;
&gt; He is nearing retirement, regardless of the
&gt; outcome of the Referendum. There is no way to
&gt; predict who of the likely contenders will get 
the
&gt; prize, though. The current Governor of 
Martinique
&gt; would like to add the tourism and plantation
&gt; income potential of the Islands to her own
&gt; portfolio. She is _not_ native friendly. On the
&gt; other hand, the de Borbon family (relatives of
&gt; European royalty) are wealthy and are looking 
for
&gt; an island or two to buy up. They could easily 
buy
&gt; up the Governorship of the Cruzans outright and
&gt; perhaps rent out some of the lesser islands to
&gt; some other competitor.

Neither of the two above mentioned contenders are 
acceptable. The
former for obvious reasons. The latter because it 
seems like the
Borbons want to divy up the islands. Like most 
constitutions, the
Cruzan Constitution states that the territorial 
integrity of the
Cruzan national state must be kept intact, unless 
a referendum shows
that the Cruzans accept it. So, if the Borbons 
buy the islands,
they'll have to buy all of them. If they rent 
them out, they'll have
to rent out all of them.

The whole idea of buying the governorship could 
also seem a bit of an
insult to many Cruzans - especially the older 
people. The way the
islands won their independence was not through 
war, but through purcha
se. In 1917, the SR decided to offer the 
islanders their independence
by putting the islands up for sale to the 
islanders. The SR government
did consider to sell the islands to Florida, 
considering the chaotic
events taking place in the Caribbean at the time. 
But it was
considered more honourable to sell the islands to 
the locals instead.
(This could have been an incentive for Florida to 
take the islands by
force). In 1936, the islanders finally managed to 
save up to purchase
their freedom. But nowadays, the governorship of 
the islands is
periodically sold to Floridian politicians, 
without the Cruzans
themselves recieving anything from such sales. 
It's like selling
stolen property.

&gt; &gt; Those that are undecided are split between 
the
&gt; &gt; desire for peace on the
&gt; &gt; one hand and fears of who will eventually
&gt; &gt; replace Alonso Rivera on the
&gt; &gt; other. Most of the undecided don't intend to
&gt; &gt; vote.
&gt;
&gt; That could be disasterous for the Cruzans!
&gt; Personally, I don't care which way they vote -
&gt; but they _need_ to do so!

It's basically the same problem as *here*. From 
what I have read of
the Virgin Islanders, very very few are 
politically interested and
those very few that are are very loud. Voter 
turnout is one of the
lowest in the USA and UK. I think the attitude is 
somewhat like, &quot;It
doesn't help to vote, the local politicians are a 
joke, and the US/UK
gov'ts decides everything anyways.&quot; Similar thing 
*there*: &quot;It does
not help to vote, the exiled politicians are 
powerless, and the naval
powers (Florida and Scandinavia) decide 
everything anyways&quot;. Slightly
misinformed, of course, but that's the mentality 
I guess.

&gt; It would be so tragic if some rapacious 
governor
&gt; came to power in Cruzans or war broke out over
&gt; the place just because no one turned out to 
vote.

I know!

&gt; If there's gonna be a war, at least it should 
be
&gt; known before hand that the Cruzados willed to
&gt; take the chance on it!

I agree.

&gt; &gt; *****
&gt; &gt; READER'S FORUM
&gt;
&gt; Interesting opinions!
&gt;
&gt; &gt; ---
&gt; &gt; On one hand, the Floridians did take our
&gt; &gt; freedom away from us in 1946.
&gt; &gt; But we have since gained a little more with
&gt; &gt; Alonso Rivera as governor.
&gt; &gt; I'll be the first to admit that it's not near
&gt; &gt; as much freedom as we
&gt; &gt; had before 1946, but it's what we have. I 
say,
&gt; &gt; we should deal with it and vote &quot;yes&quot;.
&gt;
&gt; Somewhat misinformed, but I think one of the 
more
&gt; sensible Cruzados!

Not entirely misinformation. A bit of it is 
nostalgia too. Sixty years
is enough to bring a certain amount of nostalgia 
about the &quot;good old
days when the Danes were here&quot;. Incidentally, 
that's the same thing
you meet in the US Virgin Islands *here* - even 
after almost 90 years
since the sale.

&gt; &gt; ---
&gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; Before 1946, when Florida invaded the Cruzan
&gt; &gt; Islands, the islands was
&gt; &gt; an independent state. It did no have a 
governor
&gt; &gt; as it has now. It had
&gt; &gt; a prime minister chosen by the Cruzans
&gt; &gt; themselves. But for more than
&gt; &gt; sixty years now, the islands have been 
reduced
&gt; &gt; to a Floridian
&gt; &gt; territory with a Floridian governor. Their
&gt; &gt; first Floridian governor
&gt; &gt; was definitely a tyrant. On the other hand, 
the
&gt; &gt; current one, Alonso
&gt; &gt; Rivera, is no doubt a sypathetic man. Who 
knows
&gt; &gt; who will replace him
&gt; &gt; when he retires? The fact is, Miami does the
&gt; &gt; choosing of governors not
&gt; &gt; the Cruzan people. I say vote &quot;no&quot; to the 
plan
&gt; &gt; and await help from the Grand Coalition.
&gt;
&gt; Admirable sentiment, but ultimately 
detrimental!
&gt; A yes vote to the Plan will (ultimately)
&gt; eliminate the appointed governorship from the
&gt; Cruzans - citizens will once again elect their
&gt; own Governor/Prime Minister and government.

The man who wrote that, Mikael Jacksen, is what 
you may call an
ultra-rightist Cruzan. He is the oldest exiled 
Cruzan still alive. He
was an officer in the Prinsens Frikorps (the 
Cruzan equivalent of the
Royal Guards), and fought during the Floridian 
invasion. He also
contributed a huge sum of money to purchase the 
islands' freedom in
1936. Like many exiles, he has never forgiven the 
Floridians since. A
bitter old man, to be sure. He is just one of the 
many exiled
Cruzans - many of them quite bitter - who have 
returned to the islands
for the referendum.

&gt; &gt; ---
&gt; &gt;
&gt; &gt; It's a scandal that the Giøteborg government
&gt; &gt; has even allowed the
&gt; &gt; referendum to take place. What use is there 
of
&gt; &gt; having a rigsfælleskab
&gt; &gt; if we are not willing to defend it? It's 
about
&gt; &gt; time the Grand
&gt; &gt; Coalition is formed to put an end to 
Florida's
&gt; &gt; illusions of grandeur.
&gt;
&gt; Clearly, not an inhabitant of the Cruzans!! 
It's
&gt; all well and good for one to shout loudly about
&gt; defending the commonwealth from the safety of
&gt; Norway! The average Cruzado might be a little
&gt; less sure of the commonwealth in this resepct.

The guy who wrote that, Tordenskjold, is a 
descendent of the famous
Norwegian naval hero of the same name. I guess he 
is just trying to be
just as aggressive and fearless as his 
forefather.

-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; NOTE: There are some rumours that Rivera will
&gt; also try to impress upon HH his own desire to 
see
&gt; the Cruzans (his adopted home, to be sure)
&gt; maintain what they have even though they might
&gt; risk gaining more through war with Florida.

...or risk losing everything.

&gt; Not
&gt; to mention risking the lives of many Floridians
&gt; and Scandinavians; as well as the 
infrastructure
&gt; of Florida itself!

Indeed.

&gt; He is nearing retirement, and is not looking
&gt; forward to the scramble for the Governorship 
once
&gt; he steps down. He'd really like nothing more 
than
&gt; to quietly retire in his Charlotte Amalia
&gt; townhouse in a (quite reasonably) free and
&gt; undamaged Cruzan Islands.

Makes sense.

&gt; While it's totally unofficial and unknown even 
to
&gt; Higgins-Calvo, Rivera is probably planning to
&gt; invite the Prince to _privately_ review some of
&gt; the Floridian defenses in the Islands. It's a
&gt; dangerous game, to be sure, if HH blabs about 
the
&gt; sort of things that _might_ be awaiting the 
SR's
&gt; forces when they try to land in the Islands. On
&gt; the other hand, Rivera's motives are really not
&gt; as impure as they might seem: he wants to 
impress
&gt; on someone he sees as a representative of the 
SR
&gt; government that Florida is serious about the
&gt; Cruzans whichever way the Cruzados vote.

Good motive. His Highness is well versed in the 
military. He himself
is a member of the Frømands Korps (Navy Special 
Forces), he has been
in the Sirius Patrol (which crosses the Antarctic 
every year by
dogsled to emphasize SR claims to the continent), 
and he is also a
pilot in the Navy Air Corp.

However, he does not have any political influence 
over the politicians
in Gjøteborg. His function as Crown Prince and 
Heir to Norway is
strictly ceremonial. So I doubt he'll blab 
anything to the
politicians. But _if_ war begins to stir, he'll 
certainly blab - for
sure.

-----&lt;snip&gt;-----

Anyways, in every Cruzan city His Highness 
visited, he adressed the
public urging the people to vote, and reminding 
the people that voting
is their right and that they should excercise 
that right as free
people. As a ceremonial figure, he is not allowed 
to make any highly
political statements. But let's hope that his 
visit and his speeches
is enough to urge the Cruzans to turn up 
tomorrow.

-kristian-
 
&lt;/pre&gt;
----
&lt;pre&gt;

Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2003 14:56:11 -0700 (PDT) 
Subject: Re: [conculture] IB: Rigets Tidende - 3 articles 
       
 
--- Kristian Jensen &lt;kljensen@image.dk&gt; wrote:

&gt; &gt; He is nearing retirement, regardless of the
&gt; &gt; outcome of the Referendum. There is no way to
&gt; &gt; predict who of the likely contenders will get
&gt; &gt; the prize, though. The current Governor of
&gt; &gt; Martinique
&gt; &gt; would like to add the tourism and plantation
&gt; &gt; income potential of the Islands to her own
&gt; &gt; portfolio...

&gt; Neither of the two above mentioned contenders
&gt; are acceptable. 

I rather doubt _any_ of them have been
acceptable! I'm sure it's bad enough to be
occupied, but worse to have one's local
governance doled out to the highest bidder.

Popular as Rivera himself has been and as
honorably as he's dealt with his charges, he's
still a governor appointed at the whim of
Florida's president.

&gt; The
&gt; former for obvious reasons. The latter because
&gt; it seems like the
&gt; Borbons want to divy up the islands. Like most
&gt; constitutions, the
&gt; Cruzan Constitution states that the territorial
&gt; integrity of the
&gt; Cruzan national state must be kept intact,
&gt; unless a referendum shows
&gt; that the Cruzans accept it. 

Oh, I understand. They wouldn't care, though.
It's not so much that the Cruzans would be split
- just that the governorship would be shared by
vicegovernors who would pay the de Borbons for
the right to govern whichever islands they pick
out. That way, the de B get rights over the whole
island group, but only have to actually pay Miami
for the island they wish to govern directly.

Sort of like if you buy a car and six other
people to pay 1/7 of its value for the right to
drive it one day a week. You retain title and the
right to kick out any of the others.

&gt; So, if the Borbons buy the islands,
&gt; they'll have to buy all of them. If they rent
&gt; them out, they'll have
&gt; to rent out all of them.

Mind you, they're not &quot;buying the islands&quot;. While
the status of the Cruzans is in dispute (at least
from the Cruzado and SR points of view - the
status is moot as far as Miami is concerned), F-C
has assumed de facto control of them. Naturally,
they need to govern such territories and have at
times decided to sell the governorship to the
highest bidder. 

The effect of this arrangement is that the
Governor takes full responsibility for keeping
the peace, creating and maintaining
infrastructure and services, levying taxes and
distributing the proceeds for the common good.
Basically, Rivera _is_ head of an independent
feudal state for which he owes fee to the
president of Florida. His pay comes out of the
general kitty; and the Cruzans have generally
proven _quite_ profitable to its past governors.
Thus, Florida gets territory that it doesn't have
to pay to maintain.

This situation will come to an end tomorrow,
however. With the end of the feudal
governorships, Miami will have to take on its
proper (and long overdue!) responsibility for the
Cruzans.

Sometimes the system works nicely, as it has in
the Cruzans for the most part. Even the crooked
governors have maintained the Islands'
infrastucture and services _pretty_ well.
Compared to some other islands around, the
Cruzados have had it _very_ well. Martinique has
not fared well; Tobago has not fared well. Turks
and Caicos are hurting.

The whole system was only meant to be temporary -
it was never intended to be the way Floridian
citizens were to be ruled. Unhappily, the wars
didn't all go as easily as F-C had hoped; and
naturally, not everyone wanted to give up their
False Claims on Floridian sovereign territory! ;)

You can thank Rivera once again, as it was at his
urging (though Bush has wanted to do it for some
time) that this feudal system is being
dismantled.

&gt; The whole idea of buying the governorship could
&gt; also seem a bit of an
&gt; insult to many Cruzans - especially the older
&gt; people. 

Naturally. I'd be incensed. Currently, the
Cruzados have no home rule or self determination.

Tomorrow will mark the first instance of Cruzado
home rule since 1946.

&gt; The way the
&gt; islands won their independence was not through
&gt; war, but through purchase. 

Interesting!

&gt; In 1917, the SR decided to offer the
&gt; islanders their independence
&gt; by putting the islands up for sale to the
&gt; islanders. The SR government
&gt; did consider to sell the islands to Florida,
&gt; considering the chaotic
&gt; events taking place in the Caribbean at the
&gt; time. 

Certainly would have solved a lot of problems!
Florida would have paid handsomely, too...

&gt; But it was
&gt; considered more honourable to sell the islands
&gt; to the locals instead.
&gt; (This could have been an incentive for Florida
&gt; to take the islands by
&gt; force). 

Most likely. After 1898, Florida sees the whole
Caribbean as national territory, which it is
Florida's fate and manifest destiny to fill with
the glories of the Republic. They would see 1917
as a golden opportunity to easily incorporate new
territory; they would also see the SR of robbing
them by selling the Islands to the islanders.

&gt; In 1936, the islanders finally managed
&gt; to save up to purchase
&gt; their freedom. But nowadays, the governorship
&gt; of the islands is
&gt; periodically sold to Floridian politicians,
&gt; without the Cruzans
&gt; themselves recieving anything from such sales.
&gt; It's like selling stolen property.

Or renting the governance of rightfully conquered
territory, depending on your point of view! :)

&gt; It's basically the same problem as *here*. From
&gt; what I have read of
&gt; the Virgin Islanders, very very few are
&gt; politically interested and
&gt; those very few that are are very loud. Voter
&gt; turnout is one of the lowest in the USA and UK.


Yeah - Americans are pretty lousy anymore about
voting. I suppose places like VI and PR would be
even worse than the mainland.

&gt; I think the attitude is somewhat like, &quot;It
&gt; doesn't help to vote, the local politicians are
&gt; a joke, and the US/UK
&gt; gov'ts decides everything anyways.&quot; Similar
&gt; thing *there*: &quot;It does
&gt; not help to vote, the exiled politicians are
&gt; powerless, and the naval
&gt; powers (Florida and Scandinavia) decide
&gt; everything anyways&quot;. Slightly
&gt; misinformed, of course, but that's the
&gt; mentality I guess.

Hopefully they've seen how important this one
election acutally is! Even if they _never_ vote
again, they really need to turn out tomorrow [and
vote YES!!!!]. Too bad we can't pay them to vote
properly... ;) But of course, that would taint
the result - and we all know what kind of trouble
&quot;tainted&quot; elections results in Florida can lead
to! ;)

&gt; &gt; &gt; On one hand, the Floridians did take our
&gt; &gt; &gt; freedom away from us in 1946.

&gt; &gt; Somewhat misinformed, but I think one of the
&gt; &gt; more sensible Cruzados!
&gt; 
&gt; Not entirely misinformation. 

Not from the Scandinavian POV, to be sure! From
the Floridian POV, they liberated the Cruzans and
brougt them into the new Antillean community.

&gt; &gt; Admirable sentiment, but ultimately
&gt; detrimental!
&gt; &gt; A yes vote to the Plan will (ultimately)
&gt; &gt; eliminate the appointed governorship from the
&gt; &gt; Cruzans - citizens will once again elect
&gt; their
&gt; &gt; own Governor/Prime Minister and government.
&gt; 
&gt; The man who wrote that, Mikael Jacksen, is what
&gt; you may call an
&gt; ultra-rightist Cruzan. ... Like many exiles, he
&gt; has never forgiven the Floridians since. A
&gt; bitter old man, to be sure. He is just one of
&gt; the many exiled
&gt; Cruzans - many of them quite bitter - who have
&gt; returned to the islands for the referendum.

Understandable. Hopefully, they won't have had
the time to infect the younger folk with their
poison and bitterness.

I wonder if Jacksen and his ilk will stay on if
the vote is &quot;YES&quot;? I have no doubt they'd stay if
the vote is &quot;NO&quot;, on account of them undoubtedly
being at the core of the independence movement.

&gt; &gt; NOTE: There are some rumours that Rivera will
&gt; &gt; also try to impress upon HH his own desire to
&gt; see
&gt; &gt; the Cruzans (his adopted home, to be sure)
&gt; &gt; maintain what they have even though they
&gt; might
&gt; &gt; risk gaining more through war with Florida.
&gt; 
&gt; ...or risk losing everything.

Well, yes. I don't think Rivera will push that
line of reasoning too hard. He's way to much the
positive thinker, the optimist. Leave it to
Higgins-Calvo to stress the alternatives...

&gt; &gt; He is nearing retirement, and is not looking
&gt; &gt; forward to the scramble for the Governorship
&gt; once
&gt; &gt; he steps down. He'd really like nothing more
&gt; than
&gt; &gt; to quietly retire in his Charlotte Amalia
&gt; &gt; townhouse in a (quite reasonably) free and
&gt; &gt; undamaged Cruzan Islands.
&gt; 
&gt; Makes sense.

It should be noted, just for your information,
that Rivera has made his share of enemies during
his tenure in Charlotte Amalia. He also stepped
on not a few toes in getting his ideas enshrined
in the Plan and the framework for the new
Constitution. [_That_ will be another can of
worms for Florida!] He will probably have to
leave Florida altogether if the vote is NO; for
neither of the chief competition for his post are
very friendly with Rivera; and once they get in,
they could make his life very difficult. Or very
short. Either that, or he'll join up with Jacksen
et al. and go in for the war.

Of course, if none of that pans out, there's
always PLAN C...

&gt; &gt; While it's totally unofficial and unknown
&gt; &gt; even to
&gt; &gt; Higgins-Calvo, Rivera is probably planning to
&gt; &gt; invite the Prince to _privately_ review some
&gt; &gt; of the Floridian defenses in the Islands.

&gt; Good motive. His Highness is well versed in the
&gt; military. He himself
&gt; is a member of the Frømands Korps (Navy Special
&gt; Forces), 

Then he probably won't be invited to see
_everything_ in detail!!!!! Well, who knows? You
know, Plan C, and all...

&gt; However, he does not have any political
&gt; influence over the politicians
&gt; in Gjøteborg. His function as Crown Prince and
&gt; Heir to Norway is
&gt; strictly ceremonial. 

Sigh. So unfloridian! Another cultural
difference. &quot;Ornamental&quot; politicians are not an
understood thing!

&gt; Anyways, in every Cruzan city His Highness
&gt; visited, he adressed the
&gt; public urging the people to vote, and reminding
&gt; the people that voting
&gt; is their right and that they should excercise
&gt; that right as free
&gt; people. As a ceremonial figure, he is not
&gt; allowed to make any highly
&gt; political statements. But let's hope that his
&gt; visit and his speeches
&gt; is enough to urge the Cruzans to turn up
&gt; tomorrow.

Not quite what Rivera would have hoped for HH to
say - but not as bad as the speechifiying could
have been! I guess he couldn't have agitated for
a NO vote even if he wished it. It would have
been nice to have a pro-YES message from an SR
representative, though.

Padraic.

&lt;/pre&gt;
----
&lt;pre&gt;

Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2003 16:43:59 +0200 
Subject: Re: [conculture] IB: Rigets Tidende - 3 articles 
       
 
----- Oprindelig meddelelse -----
Fra: &quot;Costentin Cornomorus&quot; &lt;elemtilas@yahoo.com&gt;
Til: &lt;conculture@yahoogroups.com&gt;
Sendt: 29. juli 2003 23:56
Emne: Re: [conculture] IB: Rigets Tidende - 3 
articles


&gt; --- Kristian Jensen &lt;kljensen@image.dk&gt; wrote:
-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; This situation will come to an end tomorrow,
&gt; however. With the end of the feudal
&gt; governorships, Miami will have to take on its
&gt; proper (and long overdue!) responsibility for 
the
&gt; Cruzans.

A very strong argument to vote YES - if those 
Kakerlakerisje
Koebaners[*] can be trusted to keep their word.

*[&quot;Cockroach-like Cubans&quot;. Cruzans call all 
Castillian-speaking
Antilleaners as Cubans]

-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; Tomorrow will mark the first instance of 
Cruzado
&gt; home rule since 1946.

Another strong argument to vote YES.

-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; Hopefully they've seen how important this one
&gt; election acutally is! Even if they _never_ vote
&gt; again, they really need to turn out tomorrow 
[and
&gt; vote YES!!!!]. Too bad we can't pay them to 
vote
&gt; properly... ;) But of course, that would taint
&gt; the result - and we all know what kind of 
trouble
&gt; &quot;tainted&quot; elections results in Florida can lead
&gt; to! ;)

Excerpt from RR Guinea-Vestindien [Rigets Radio 
Guinea-West India],
30/06/03:

-----&lt;begin excerpt&gt;-----
&lt;polkalypso song ending&gt;

&lt;radio announcer&gt; &quot;Right! I've said it before, 
and I'll say it again,
the Cruzan band, Polka Dotted Guava, has done it 
right with their hit
song 'Guava Jumbo'. Now it's time for a short 
update from the Islands.
It's 16 O'clock.&quot;

&lt;news jingle&gt;

&lt;news announcer&gt; &quot;This is the RR News Service! 
The referendum over the
acceptance of Florida's Plan in the Cruzan 
Islands is well under way.
It has been feared that not many would turn up 
today to vote. But so
far, it seems that these fears are alleviated as 
voting constuencies
around the Islands report long queues. Exit polls 
show a slight lead
for the yes voters. In other news...&quot;
-----&lt;end excerpt&gt;-----

-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; Understandable. Hopefully, they won't have had
&gt; the time to infect the younger folk with their
&gt; poison and bitterness.

Many younger folks would certainly consider him 
to be an old grouch -
though a respectable old grouch.

&gt; I wonder if Jacksen and his ilk will stay on if
&gt; the vote is &quot;YES&quot;? I have no doubt they'd stay 
if
&gt; the vote is &quot;NO&quot;, on account of them 
undoubtedly
&gt; being at the core of the independence movement.

Many would stay. Home is home - and home is 
certainly more homely when
its peaceful too. But that won't necessarily 
change their views.

Others have already established themselves quite 
well in Gjebaland, so
they'll return to Africa after the referendum.

-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; Of course, if none of that pans out, there's
&gt; always PLAN C...

PLAN C?

-kristian- 
 
&lt;/pre&gt;
----
&lt;pre&gt;

Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2003 12:52:26 +0200 
Subject: Re: [conculture] Re: New to the list 
       
 
----- Oprindelig meddelelse -----
Fra: &lt;kesuari@yahoo.com.au&gt;
Til: &lt;conculture@yahoogroups.com&gt;
Sendt: 30. juli 2003 17:05
Emne: Re: [conculture] Re: New to the list


-----&lt;snip&gt;-----
&gt; Ahah! That would be better! Had that suggestion 
been made in the
first
&gt; place, I would've instantly accepted instead of 
thinking about it
for a
&gt; day :)

OK then. It's settled. Welcome Home! ;)

Here's a little about the Duchy of Schleswig and 
Scandinavia in Ill
Bethisad which you might want to know - I'll just 
be brainstorming
randomly:

Schleswig is part of the Rigsfælleskab (The 
Commonwealth of the
Scandinavian Realm). We call it SR for short. I 
think the Germans
prefer to call the SR as Die Oldenburgisch 
Gesamstat (or somesuch)
because the monarchs of the SR belong to the 
Danish Oldenburg royal
family. Oldenburg itself is part of the SR, 
though is a fife of the
German Union (which the Germans themselves still 
call the Holy Roman
Empire). The same is true of Holstein. Schleswig 
is a fife of Denmark,
but since Denmark and Schleswig are in personal 
union, it's not really
relevant. If that sounds complicated, well, 
that's because it is -
though it's nowhere near as complicated as 
Schleswig-Holstein was
before the Great Nordic War (early 1700s).

Schleswig is in political union with the Duchy of 
Holstein since an
old medieval agreement states that they must 
always be ruled together.
Together they are called Schleswig-Holstein.

Schleswig is predominantly Danish-speaking with a 
large
German-speaking minority. There are also 
minorities of North Frisians
and (now) Føtisk. Holstein is predominantly 
German-speaking.

Schleswig-Holstein is an associated member of the 
SR. This means that
it is basically an independent state in free 
association and personal
union with the SR. Free association means that 
Schleswig-Holstein
shares some things with the SR including the 
navy, the specie
currency, and the state church. This does not 
hinder the state to have
its own army and courant currency. Because of the 
shared navy, foreign
policy is regulated by the SR. Personal union 
means that the monarch
of the SR is also the Duke/Duchess of Schleswig 
and Holstein. The
current Duchess is Margrethe II.

Schleswig-Holstein's courant currency system is 
based on the North
German system of:
     1 Rigsdaler/Reichsthaler = 3 marks = 48 
skillings/schillings
     (in contrast to the Danish system of 1 Rd = 
6 M = 96 ß)

The current exchange rate between the courant 
currency and the specie
is rather stable at 25%:
     1 Rd Schl-Hol Courant + 25% = 1 Rd Specie
     so
     1 Rd 12 ß Schl-Hol Courant = 1 Rd Specie

Schleswig-Holstein is one of three SR states 
where the nobility still
have a lot of influence in local politics. (The 
other two SR states
are Gadangmeland, and Monland. The rest of the SR 
states have had
their nobility &quot;phased out&quot;). The country is 
divided into estates
administrated by the nobility, and they are 
guaranteed a certain
number of seats in the parliament. The remaining 
seats are occupied by
popularly elected commoners. The Duchess is 
represented by her
appointed Rigsombudsman, who makes sure that the 
estates are managed
properly and that the commoners are treated 
properly.

Though there is freedom of religion, the state 
religion is Evangelican
Lutheran.

The political capital of Schleswig-Holstein is 
Flensburg, but the
Duchal capital is Schleswig. Gottorp Palace in 
Schleswig is where the
Duchess lives during the summer. The political 
capital of the SR is
Gjøteborg (Gothenburg). Its royal capital is 
Kjøbenhavn (Copenhagen).

The alphabet used throughout the SR is German 
Black Letters (a.k.a.
Gothic Letters). People write cursive in the 
Sütterlin script. Roman
letters and Roman cursive scripts are also taught 
in school, but are
only used in situations where foreigners may need 
help; coinage,
shipnames, flags, train station names, etc.

That's all I can think of for the moment.

-kristian-
 
&lt;/pre&gt;
----
&lt;pre&gt;

Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2003 15:22:17 -0700 (PDT) 
Subject: Re: [conculture] IB: Rigets Tidende - The Results! ...and more. 
       
 
--- Kristian Jensen &lt;kljensen@image.dk&gt; wrote:
&gt; RIGETS TIDENDE - GJØTEBORG, HOVEDSTADSOMRÅDET
&gt; 31/07/03
&gt; 
&gt; *****
&gt; IT'S YES, SLIGHTLY

Well, it will now fall to the commentators to
analyse the turnout and the results. Such an
election is best when the margin is wide: I
wonder if anyone will try to posit claims of
irregularities that could jeopardise the results?

Well, now at least the Plan can take its full and
proper effect. The Cruzados can (and in two weeks
will) elect their new government, and the
condominium can take effect for good or ill. I
think the sudden inrush of Scandinavian troops
and flags and Queens will be overwhelming; but at
least Rivera seems to be taking it in stride. I
suspect that some backlashes will be felt over
the next few weeks and months - especially as the
realities of the condominium take effect in the
face of expectations.

There have been rumblings that Bush took Florida
to the cleaners in allowing the Referendum; and
that the whole Plan reeks of caving to European
imperialists. There will also - undoubtedly - be
some disagreement over the nature and amplitude
of Cruzan sovereignty. The fact the Queen is
moving in with her armies (and that most
Floridian troops will be leaving) are sending
mixt signals. Also the Plan left certain things
unresolved: the specific nature of the new Cruzan
government with respect to the National
Government (is it subordinate? is it coequal? is
it somewhat lesser? who's word is the final
law?). Personally, I think so long as defense is
kept national and the (national) taxes are paid;
the transition will be smooth and fairly
uneventful.

Oh yes ... Plan C ...

Let's just be thankful that it didn't pan out. 

Suffice to say that Rivera has (slowly)
accumulated like minded persons in military (and
civilian) leadership roles in the Islands over
the last two decades or so. Not to mention
requesting of Miami some pretty high tech and
powerful militaria. [All to defend Florida's
national interests in the Cruzans, of course!!!]
I suspect that Plan C might have involved
something of a coup, and possibly an opening of
the military bases to Scandinavian (and
Coalition) forces. I think that may have been one
reasons why Rivera invited HH to review the
Cruzan's defenses - a kind of under the table
recce in the event that the Referendum was NO and
war was initiated.

Padraic.

&lt;/pre&gt;

[[Category:Nations in North America]]
[[Category:Defunct Nations]]
[[Category:Florida-Caribbea]]
[[Category:North America]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Concept of Face</title>
    <id>801</id>
    <revision>
      <id>61728</id>
      <timestamp>2009-08-31T22:03:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caeruleancentaur</username>
        <id>197</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>Spelling and vocabulary corrections.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">The concept of face is a very important aspect of East Asian culture, particularly in [[Japan]]. Basically, it involves the tendency to avoid embarrassing situations no matter what the costs are. This means that an East Asian (among other things):

*will be willing to bend or hide the truth in order to save face.
*will lie to save face.
*will not willingly admit that he/she is wrong.
*will not bring others in potentially embarrassing situations.

This can be said to be an extension of a deeper difference - shame tends to be more important than guilt in many East Asian societies.  That is, rather than be concerned with things like &quot;staying true to yourself&quot;, and self-honesty, which are &lt;i&gt;internal&lt;/i&gt;, and are motivated by a concern for one's own feelings of guilt, an Asian will often worry more about how his actions will be seen &lt;i&gt;by others&lt;/i&gt;.  In other words, the consequences of getting caught are worse than the action.  Moreover, even an innocent act that &lt;i&gt;appears&lt;/i&gt; wrong is to be avoided.

A great example of &quot;face&quot; from &lt;i&gt;here&lt;/i&gt;'s history is the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.  Forced to choose between making accomodations with America in regard to China or going to war with China, Japan's leaders chose to attack America, knowing that it was very risky and that the odds of victory were low, for fear of having to back down from their earlier policy, and appearing cowardly to their underlings for &quot;caving in&quot; to the Americans.  The Chinese attack on Sideni &lt;i&gt;there&lt;/i&gt; is probably much the same idea.  Face tends to be most important with superiors dealing with underlings - face is far less important in underlings dealing with superiors, and one may even sacrifice face - or, for that matter, material comforts or even life - to protect a superior.  For example, &lt;i&gt;here&lt;/i&gt;, after WW2, the emperor's role was consistently minimized by his underlings to protect him from war crime prosecution.

Emphasis on humility is probably related to face.  One way to avoid losing face by, for example, being wrong, is to avoid making definite statements.  Qualifying statements by &quot;I think ...&quot; and &quot;probably ...&quot;.  In Japanese schools, if a student doesn't know the answer when called upon, he is more likely to say &quot;I'm still thinking&quot; rather than &quot;I don't know&quot;.  The teacher will often call on someone else, thus saving face for the student by not forcing the student to admit to ignorance.

[[Category:Cultural Mentalities]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Concept of Fundamentalism</title>
    <id>802</id>
    <revision>
      <id>18533</id>
      <timestamp>2005-11-10T08:14:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">__TOC__
==Fundamentalism==

Fundamentalism takes a variety of forms in IB. Mostly, the expression is in terms of nationalism: [[Kemr]] for the Chomro sort of thing as preached by Cos Nustr. Religious fundamentalism does exist, but is squeezed out by rampant pluralism, football and, in many parts of Europe, religious apathy.

==Some Questions on the Issue==

''I'm assuming overall fundamentalism isn't quite as extreme there as it is here (in IB in general)?''

Not necessarily. There are more and less enlightened areas and times - just like here. 

It's well known that Catholics in 19th century Kemr were urged to resist the invasions of that &quot;Foreign Satanism&quot; that is known as La Cravithyck (Armorican Paganism). Some certainly did; but most people welcomed the missionaries. 

Southern Kemr, especially in the ports, already had long standing communities of Moslems, Jews, Byzantines, Romans and Miscellaneous Others. 

I figure about 65% of Dumnonians that claim religions other than &quot;Rugby&quot;, &quot;Futbal&quot;, &quot;Jeday&quot; or &quot;Nullum&quot;, are Cambriese Church members; 15% are Crevithyck; 4% are Roman Catholic; 7% are Jewish; 7% are Moslem; the remainder are Other (Native American, African and Asian; Constantinapolitan Orthodox; Buddhist, etc.). 

Dumnonian Catholics tend to be a little more traditional than the national average; and there are certainly some fundamentalist organisations amongst them. For the most part, though, they're aimed at Catholicism, not at others. 

''What other kinds of Fundamentalism are there in Ill Bethisad?''

There's certainly a fair amount national fundamentalism. Kemr for example has its &quot;Cambria for the Comro&quot; folks. Since Kemr is a powerful country and their &quot;ethnic group&quot; is in power, they can't be agitating against the power structure the way Cos Nustr does; their struggle is against foreign invaders, and they'd like to see the English pushed off the map at Canterbury at gunpoint if need be.

==Links==

http://www.geocities.com/elemtilas/ill_bethisad/information.htm [keyword &quot;fundamentalism&quot;]
http://www.geocities.com/elemtilas/ill_bethisad/britain.htm [keyword &quot;cos nustr&quot;]

While fundamentalism doesn't have a strong hold in Europe, the disputed territory of [[Deseret]] is populated by so-called [[Mormon Fundamentalists]].

[PB]

----
[[Category:Cultural Mentalities]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jante</title>
    <id>803</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28783</id>
      <timestamp>2006-01-26T06:00:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">He is also hampered by the extreme cultural differences between the
Latin-based culture of Hispanic [[Florida-Caribbea|Floridia-Carribeans]] and the
Scandinavian-based culture of the [[Cruzan Islands|Cruzans]]. If there is one negative
cultural trait that the Virgin Islanders (both *here* and *there*)
have inherited from [[Scandinavian Realm|Scandinavia]], then its envy. The reason behing the
intense envy towards Hispanics prevalent in the Cruzan Islands can be
found in the Jante's Law mentality, which was described by the
Dano-Norwegian author, Aksel Sandemose, of consisting of the following
ten commandments:

# Thou shalt not presume that thou art anyone important.
# Thou shalt not presume that thou art as good as us.
# Thou shalt not presume that thou art any wiser than us.
# Thou shalt never indulge in the conceit of imagining that thou art better than us.
# Thou shalt not presume that thou art more knowledgeable than us.
# Thou shalt not presume that thou art more than us in any way.
# Thou shalt not presume that that thou art going to amount to anything.
# Thou art not entitled to laugh at us.
# Thou shalt never imagine that anyone cares about thee.
# Thou shalt not suppose that thou can teach us anything.

These ten laws stand as a fairly accurate depiction of moral code in
Scandinavia as well as the Cruzan Islands today. It can be said that
many Cruzados live by these laws, consciously or not, and embrace them
deeply. Envy, despite being a [[Christianity|Christian]] sin, is a principle part of
Jante's Law. Breaking this social code means that your neighbors will
despise you for your individuality, uniqueness, or an excess show of
wealth. In fact, one could venture to say that in Cruzan society,
breaking Jante's Law is in and of itself much worse than committing
the sin of envy.

Despite the fact that the Scandinavian Realm is a monarchy where a
couple of states even have a ruling nobility, Jante's Law ensures
that all states are largely egalitarian. The royals and the nobility
do not flaunt their wealth and status as much as in other monarchies,
and the monarch has been reduced today to a symbolic head of state
with virtually no powers.

What purpose does Jante's Law serve in Cruzan society today?
Sandemose wrote, &quot;By means of Jante's Law, people stamp out each
other's chances in life.&quot; This cruel statement taken by itself paints
a harsh and unforgiving picture of Cruzado society. Yet, the laws
serve a purpose deeply rooted in historical background. In early
provincial Scandinavia and its former colonies, strong community
solidarity was necessary to tie people together and to survive as a
collective. The survival of the community as an entire entity was more
important than any individual member, and thus the moral code behind
Jante's Law was formed. Very provincial.

When emancipation was granted to the Cruzan Islands in 1849, Jante's
Law became more prevalent in the Cruzado society, and the
disparity between incomes gradually grew lesser. The Cruzan
Islands was well on its way to becoming an egalitarian state after it
recieved its independence in 1937. The Cruzan Islands were in the
process of dismantling the old plantation system and introducing the
homesteading system. However, this development was suddenly
interrupted ten years later when Florida invaded the islands and
reintroduced the plantation system where rich Floridian hacienda
owners took over the remaining plantations and bought out the
homesteaders.

It should come as no surprise that Florida's violent way of annexing
the islands has left a deep seated grudge with most Cruzans: &quot;Florida
shall not presume that it is anything important to us, as good as us,
wiser than us, etc.&quot;. Alonso Rivera's laissez fare style of governing
the islands worked well for Florida in so far as it allowed the
Cruzans to govern themselves with no interference from Florida. But
the grudge against the Floridians was always there, particularly
against the rich Hispanic plantation owners.

After the Floridian Plan went into effect, the Cruzans became more
confident to decide over their own affairs and to express more openly
what they think of the Hispanic population. When the homesteading
system was reintroduced, the Hispanic population really began to feel
pursecuted by the Cruzan population.

[KJ]

[[Category:Cultural Mentalities]]
[[Category:Scandinavian Realm]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pioneering Spirit</title>
    <id>804</id>
    <revision>
      <id>11856</id>
      <timestamp>2005-02-08T07:06:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">The attitude of most of western culture.  Eager to show off and earn plaudits because of achievement.

This has most recently been exemplified in [[Louisianne]] although the [[NAL-SLC|NAL]] sometimes participates in these acts of ostentation.

[[Category:Cultural Mentalities]]
[[Category:Louisianne]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>IB Religion</title>
    <id>805</id>
    <revision>
      <id>60952</id>
      <timestamp>2009-07-30T16:01:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Misterxeight</username>
        <id>192</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">== Religions of Ill Bethisad ==

As with any culture, religion plays a major role in shaping values offering means other than the mundane for expression of profound and unutterable thoughts and feelings. Most of these religions are found, in basically the same form, *here* as well; such articles will simply point to a resource that describes the religion. However, certain of these do not exist *here*, or have divergent histories; those are described in more detail. A selection of the religions found around the world:

* [[Buddhism]]
* [[Christianity]]
** Ante-Chalcedonian Churches
*** [[Communion of the Church of the East]] 
**** Church of the East in [[Arakan]], [[Burma]] and [[Tenasserim]] ''(proposed)''
**** [[Assyrian Church|Assyrian Church of the East]] 
**** Church of the East in [[Atjeh]] ''(proposed)'' -- ''(alternate proposal places this within the [[Borneian Church]]''
**** [[Borneian Church|Church of the East in Bornei]] -- a.k.a. Iglesia Borneiano-Filipino Independiente
**** [[Chaldean Syrian Church of the East]] -- the Thomist Church found in [[India]]
**** [[Religion of Light]] -- the Christian Church as it exists in China is known as &quot;Religion of Light from the Great Westlands&quot;
*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy Oriental Orthodoxy]
**** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coptic_Christianity Coptic Orthodox Church]
**** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Church Ethiopian Orthodox Church] -- the Church found in [[Ethiopia]] and other parts of eastern and southern Africa
** Eastern Orthodoxy (Chalcedonian)
*** [[Eastern Orthodoxy]]
**** Various national churches, including the [[American Orthodox Church]]
****[[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople]]
****[[Orthodox Monastic Church of the Holy Mountain]]
****[[Romanian Orthodox Church]]
** Western
*** [[Catholicism|Western Catholicism]]
**** [[Cambrian Rite]] -- a.k.a. the British Rite; found everywhere the FK have planted colonies
**** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Rite Eastern Rites] include the following:
***** Alexandrian
***** Antiochene
***** Armenian
***** Chaldean
***** Constantinopolitan (Byzantine)
**** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozarabic_rite Isidorian Rite] -- found in Iberia, Latin America and everywhere Hispanics have settled
**** [http://www.geocities.com/ill_bethisad/catholicism.htm Latin Rite] -- a.k.a. the Roman Rite
***** [[Common Bohemian Church]] - following the Hussite reforms of the Roman Rite
** Protestantism
*** [[Protestantism]] -- one of the results of the [[Protestantism|Reform Movement]] was a general schism within the Western church
**** [[Evangelic Church in Kemr]]
**** [[Lutheranism]]
**** Anabaptist
***** Amish
***** Mennonite
***** [[Hutterite]]
** Restorationism
*** [[Mormonism|Eglise de Jesus-Christ des Saints des Derniers Jours]] (Mormonism)
*** [[New and Living Ministry of Jesus Christ of Modern Saints]] Mormon Fundamentalist Dissidents in [[Deseret]].
** Revivalism
*** [[Apollinarianism]]
*** [[Aquarianism]] -- a.k.a. the Christine Church
* [[Deism]]
* [[Hinduism]]
* [[Islam]]
* [[Jainism]]
* [[Judaism]]
* [[Manesianity]]
* [[Oahspism]]
* [[Paganism]]
** [[An Graveth]]
** [[Æsetro]]
** [[Romuva]]
** [[Tengriism]] - Turkic paganism
* [[Rationalism]]
* [[Spiritualism]]
* [[Syncretism]]
** [[New Age]]
** [[Santeria]]
** [[Wica]]
** [[Vera]]
** [[Vodun]]
* [[Xinto|Xintò]]
* [[Zesucuto| Zesucutò]] - A religion of the [[Japan| Empire of Japan]]
* [[Zoroastrianism]]
----

== Religious Organisations ==

* Christian Organisations
** [[Teutonic Order|Order of the Teutonic Knights]]
** [[Hospitallers|Sovereign Military and Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes, and of Malta]]
** [[Pontifical Zouaves]]
** [[Congregation of the Rosy Cross]]
** [[Stonecutters]]
** [[Second Theban Legion]]
----
[[Category:Religion|*]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>An Graveth</title>
    <id>806</id>
    <revision>
      <id>61016</id>
      <timestamp>2009-08-02T13:11:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elemtilas</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[http://www.deinioljones.net/arvorec/ See here for more information] At present the page on An Graveth has not been installed.

[http://www.arvorec.net/cravethism.htm See here for further information] This old link appears to be non-functional.

[[Category:Armorica]]
[[Category:Paganism]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Aquarianism</title>
    <id>807</id>
    <revision>
      <id>11859</id>
      <timestamp>2005-07-03T01:49:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elemtilas</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Aquarian_church_1.jpg |thumb|A Christine Church in Oxbridge, NAL, 1918]] The '''Christine Church''', also known as Aquarianism, is one of the many religions and spiritual paths produced upon the North American continent during the Revival of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The Christines believe that Jesus, the &quot;... Christine Lord has sent us forth to open up the gates of dawn. Through Christ all men may enter into light and life. The Christine Church stands on the postulates that Jesus is the love of God made manifest; that love is saviour of the sons of men. This Christine Church is but the kingdom of the Holy One within the soul, made manifest. This day the Christine Church is opened up, and whosoever will may enter in, and, by the boundless grace of Christ, be saved.&quot; (Chap. 182, vv. 33-36) Though the usual Christian Bible is studied by Christines, the text they believe to have been revealed to their prophet &quot;Levi&quot;, the [http://www.fatherhurley.com/ag/aquariangospel.htm Aquarian Gospel], serves as the foundation and cornerstone of the religion.

Christine churches tend to be modelled on the basillica form, though many take inspiration from Protestant church patterns. Most often, they are simply adorned halls with a raised dais at one end upon which are twelve &quot;thrones&quot; (that represent the Apostles), a central pulpit, presider chairs to one side and before the pulpit a stand upon which the Gospel Book is placed at the beginning of services. Older churches often have a gallery around the outer walls. The organ has never been used to supplement the [[solfey]] hymnody, though as in many American churches, a brace of serpents or ophicleides are so used.

The liturgy, or order of worship, generally includes a prelude, a formal call to worship, several hymns, a communal prayer (or an invocation) and offertory, a reading from the Bible, a reading from the Gospel, a sermon, a hymn and a benediction followed by a recessional.
----

[[Category:Religion]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Buddhism</title>
    <id>808</id>
    <revision>
      <id>11860</id>
      <timestamp>2005-07-04T01:16:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elemtilas</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>Disarticulated the frenulum.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Buddhism''' is a path of practice and spiritual development leading to Insight into the true nature of life. Buddhist practices such as meditation are means of changing oneself in order to develop the qualities of awareness, kindness, and wisdom. The experience developed within the Buddhist tradition over thousands of years has created an incomparable resource for all those who wish to follow a path - a path which ultimately culminates in Enlightenment or Buddhahood.

Because Buddhism does not include the idea of worshipping a creator God, some people do not see it as a religion in the normal, Western sense. The basic tenets of Buddhist teaching are straightforward and practical: nothing is fixed or permanent; actions have consequences; change is possible. Thus Buddhism addresses itself to all people irrespective of race, nationality, or gender. It teaches practical methods (such as meditation) which enable people to realise and utilise its teachings in order to transform their experience, to be fully responsible for their lives and to develop the qualities of Wisdom and Compassion.

There are around 350 million Buddhists and a growing number of them are Westerners. They follow many different forms of Buddhism, but all traditions are characterised by non-violence, lack of dogma, tolerance of differences, and, usually, by the practice of meditation.

See: [http://www.buddhanet.net/ Buddhism] for more.

&lt;center&gt;[[Image:18 qotaman 3.jpg| Lord Buddha]]&lt;/center&gt;

[[Category:Religion]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Christianity</title>
    <id>809</id>
    <revision>
      <id>59053</id>
      <timestamp>2009-04-22T01:55:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Geoff</username>
        <id>193</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>spelling</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">&lt;center&gt;[[Image:Icon christ.jpg|icon of Jesus Christ, Glastein]]&lt;/center&gt;

'''Christianity''' is a religious system that came into existence in the Levant about 2000 years ago, based on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth.

See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity Christianity] for more information.

Many scholars of religion divide the Christian religion into several (usually four to eight) groups or branches. Typical of this scheme is the following:

* Oriental Orthodoxy
* The [[Communion of the Church of the East|Church in the East]]
* [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy]]
* [[Catholicism|Western Catholicism]]
* Protestantism
* Restorationism
* Extralineal groups
* Other

The first four groups represent the state of the original Christian Church before the era of Protestantism began; their relationship to one another is based largely on mutual schism.

Oriental Orthodoxy is the heading usually used to group the &quot;Monophysite&quot; or &quot;Jacobite&quot; churches: the Syrian and Ethiopian Orthodox churches are in this group.

The Church in the East communion includes the [[Assyrian Church|Assyrian]], Thomist, [[Borneian Church|Borneian]] and Religion of Light Churches in Asia; its doctrine is usually characterised as Nestorian, at least by outsiders.

[[Eastern Orthodoxy]] describes the various churches nominally headed by the Ecumenical Patriarch of [[Konstantinoupolis|Constantinople]], for example the [[Greece|Greek]], [[Russia|Russian]] and [[Romania|Romanian]] Orthodox Churches.

[[Catholicism|Western Catholicism]] is the group recognising the authoity of the [[Pope]] of Rome.  Within this communion are represented various modes of worship, such as the Latin Rite, [[Cambrian Rite]], Eastern Rite and others.

With Protestantism, a new era of theological and ecclesiological debate ensued, resulting in the foundation of many new denominations and subgroupings. Protestantism is largely a phenomenon of the Western Catholic tradition, though devotees of Protestant churches can be found in most countries of the world.

Restorationism is the ecclesiological theory that the Christian Church became defunct or disordered and that only a complete restoration of the early Church would ensure the promulgation of true religion.

Extralineal groups are those who have to one extent or another trace their existence to sources outside normative Christainity. Some Baptists view their church in this way; Gnostics and several other small groups claim a similar relationship to the early Christian Church.

Other groups defy placement in the conventional scheme, yet don't warrant a major heading of their own. Often these groups are marginally Christian, parallel Christian, syncretistic or cultic in nature.
----
[PB]

[[Category:Religion]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catholicism</title>
    <id>810</id>
    <revision>
      <id>63383</id>
      <timestamp>2009-12-05T23:54:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caeruleancentaur</username>
        <id>197</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* The Cambrian Rite */ Some corrections.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">&lt;font face = &quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;
[[Image:vatican2.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Aerial view of St. Peter's from BOAC Queen Victoria]]

===Introduction===
'''Catholicism''' in [[Ill Bethisad]] is much like it is *here*. The Latin Rite is not quite so prevalent, however, being mostly confined to [[England]], [[France]], [[Italy]], southern [[Germany]] and parts of [[Eastern Europe]] and [[Africa]]. Other Catholic traditions, especially the British or Cambrian Rite and the Isidorian Rite of Castile are dominant forces within the Church and are numerically superior to the Latins.

===Denominations===
Many groups whose forms of worship differ often dramatically are accounted Catholic. Several of the divisions, known collectively as the ''Uniate churches'', are derived from ancient cultural tradition or language use. A list of these rites follows, but the most basic divisions are the great families known as ''Latin'', ''British'', ''Isidorian'' and ''Eastern''. The various subdivisions of Catholicism are governed by their own codes of canon law and have their own particular traditions within the same catholic and orthodox faith. The chief subdivisions are headed by a patriarch, traditionally the &quot;
&quot;first among equals&quot; of all the bishops of that particular church. Each of these churches looks to the Roman pontiff as the supreme leader of all Christian churches; but the Pope of Rome does not enjoy direct leadership of any of the Uniate churches.

A number of &quot;uses&quot; or local varieties exist within the Latin Rite. These consist of small national churches (particularly among the Eastern Catholics) or larger cohesive groups within a larger community. One example is the Catholic Church of Dalmatia. Population is about 250,000 in [[Dalmatia]]; and undoubtedly there are communities of ex pats in the Dalmatophone States as well. An especial note should be made regarding the Catholic Church of Dalmatia (or ''Dalmatian Use''). It is sometimes and quite erroneously referred to as the &quot;Dalmatian Orthodox Church&quot;, but of course, it is not Orthodox in the sense of Russian or Serbian or Greek Orthodoxy. On the contrary, it is simply a very conservative Catholic denomination. Among the ideosyncrasies of the Dalmatian Use are: the rejection of the alterations to the Divine Liturgy (Vatican Council), affirmation of the supremacy of the Pope of Rome over all temporal authorities and affirmation of the infallibility of the Pope of Rome when speaking with St. Peter's authority. Most Catholics account these excesses as &quot;a bit severe&quot;, the last of which is not a feature of Catholic doctrine in Ill Bethisad.

The British family of churches has a number of local varieties or uses. The Irish and Armorican churches are local varieties of the Kemrese Rite, and all use the same liturgy, based ultimately on the Liturgy of Saint Patrick. The English Catholic Church, sometimes known as the &lt;i&gt;Anglican Use&lt;/i&gt;, is a relative of the Kemrese, but is closer to the Roman church in practices. It differs mostly in its use of English in the Liturgy of St. Osmund rather than the usual Liturgy of St. Pius v. When celebrated to its fullest extent, it is accounted the most sumptuous and full of all Catholic liturgies.

1. Western / Latin / Roman Rite&lt;BR&gt;
:-Latin Church &lt;BR&gt;
::-Catholic Church of Dalmatia (Dalmatian Use)&lt;BR&gt;
::-Minor Patriarchies&lt;BR&gt;
::-Venice (and Aquileia)&lt;BR&gt;
::-West Indies&lt;BR&gt;
::-East Indies&lt;BR&gt;
::-Lyons&lt;BR&gt;
::-Pisa&lt;BR&gt;
:-[[Holy Roman Episcopal Lutheran]] &lt;BR&gt;
:-Historic Rites of Religious Orders &lt;BR&gt;
:-Ambrosian rite &lt;BR&gt;
:-Isidorian Rite &lt;BR&gt;
:-Toledo&lt;BR&gt;
:-Lisbon&lt;BR&gt;&lt;br&gt;
2. Eastern / Greek / Byzantine Rite &lt;BR&gt;
:-Albanian &lt;BR&gt;
:-Belarussian Church * &lt;BR&gt;
:-Bulgarian Church * &lt;BR&gt;
:-Croatian (aka Glagolitic or Slavo-Latin Rite) &lt;BR&gt;
:-Dalmatian &lt;BR&gt;
:-Greek Church * &lt;BR&gt;
:-Hungary &lt;BR&gt;
:-Romanian &lt;BR&gt;
::-Oltenian Form &lt;BR&gt;
::-Muntenian Form &lt;BR&gt;
::-Moldovan Form &lt;BR&gt;
:-Russian Church * &lt;BR&gt;
:-Ruthenian Church * [not a separate church???] &lt;BR&gt;
:-Serbian Church * &lt;BR&gt;
:-Ukrainian-Greek Church * &lt;BR&gt;
:-Georgian Church &lt;BR&gt;&lt;br&gt;
3. Antiochene Rite &lt;BR&gt;
:-Maronite Church &lt;BR&gt;
:-Syro-Malankarese Church &lt;BR&gt;
:-Syriac Church &lt;BR&gt;&lt;br&gt;
4. Chaldean Rite &lt;BR&gt;
:-Chaldean Church &lt;BR&gt;
:-Syro-Malabarese Church &lt;BR&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5. Armenian Rite &lt;BR&gt;
:-Armenian Church &lt;BR&gt;&lt;br&gt;
6. Alexandrian Rite &lt;BR&gt;
:-Coptic Catholic Church &lt;BR&gt;
:-Geëz Church &lt;BR&gt;&lt;br&gt;
7. Melkite Rite &lt;BR&gt;&lt;br&gt;
8. British Church &lt;BR&gt;
:-Cambrian Church &lt;BR&gt;
::-Irish Church &lt;BR&gt;
::-Armorican Church &lt;BR&gt;
:-English Catholic Church (Anglican Use) &lt;BR&gt;
''NB: It is uncertain if all those &quot;national&quot; churches (marked with a *) exist as separate entities or if they fall under the auspices of a single Patriarch. Though the status of the Oriental Churches (vis a vis having a patriarch) was broached by the Vatican Council, nothing specific was determined at that time. Many Catholics in the East have called for the Pope of Rome to create a patriarchy for them as a sign of the &quot;maturity of their church&quot;, including several Eastern Catholic metropolitans. The current Pope has expressed &quot;agreement with the faithful&quot; that instituting a patriarchy would be an appropriate action; yet has not done so out of respect for the Orthodox who have decried the notion of creating Catholic patriarchies and even Western Rite diocese in &quot;Orthodox lands&quot;.''

These Churches are all largely self governing units that they accept core Catholic teaching and the authority of the same Councils accepted by Rome. They come under the Pope of Rome only his office as Ecumenical and Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church. They therefore must accept his teachings on faith and morals, but not on issues that affect local customs and liturgical matters, these being decided by the local synods of bishops. 

'''Q.''' What is the relationship of the non-Latin hierarchies with the College of Cardinals and the Pope of Rome? 

'''A.''' These patriarchs (Glastein, etc) are equal to the Pope of Rome (Patriarch of the West) when you look at each Rite as an individual branch of the Church. They each have their own bishops and call their own synods. When you look at the Catholic Church as a whole, the Pope of Rome takes, in a sense, one step up as leader of the whole Church, being the Ecumenical and Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church. 

A non-Roman cleric may be selected as Pope of Rome by the Spirit guided College of Cardinals, but it has been traditional that non-Roman clerics take no part in the actual elections process. There has been a strong movement afoot, favoured by the present Pope of Rome, to amend this practice, thus allowing all the princes of the Church a voting stake in the college. The theory being that the leader of the universal Church should be elected by the representatives of the whole Church, not just the Romans. It is expected that the present Pope of Rome will enact such legislation. Some inside the Vatican aver that the move is aimed at smoothing the path toward reunification with the Orthodox east.

'''Q.''' From what you describe, there is a clear hierarchy and the various Rites are fully integrated so that unlike *here*, you wouldn't have the Roman catholic church (Latin Rite) and other related Rites (uniates) dangling on it but instead *The* Catholic Church which include the Latin amongst other Rites. 

'''A.''' Yes, this is pretty much the case. &quot;Uniate&quot; precisely means adhering to the Pope in his capacity of Pontiff of the Universal Church, but maintaining their own rites and traditions. *Here*, Uniatism is fairly recent; in IB, it's almost a millennium old, as the British (Celtic) church became Uniate rather than simply conforming to Roman traditions.

===The Pope of Rome===
The current [[Pope]] of Rome, [[Pope John XXIIJ|John XXIIJ]] was born in 1920 at Seville in Castille, where he served ten years as that city's bishop. He is now 16 years into his papacy. John xxiij was the first non-Roman bishop elected to the papacy in several centuries.

[[Image:papal_guards.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Swiss Guards]]

====The Three Roles of the Pope of Rome====
First and formost: Bishop of Rome. The Pope is, in fact, chiefly a diocesan bishop. Patriarch of the West. Next, he is also the chief bishop and leader of the Roman or Latin Rite of the Catholic Church. In this capacity, he is an equal to the other patriarchs of various rites, such as the British, Antiochene, etc. Ecumenical and Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church. In the Catholic understanding, Orthodoxy is in a state of schism and the Pope is the legitmate head of Christendom in apostolic descent from St. Peter, leader of the Apostles. In this capacity, the Pope of Rome has the right and duty to speak with Authority on matters of faith and morals that all Catholics must adhere to as matters of religious doctrine. 

===Ecumenism and Christian Reunification===
[[Ecumenical|Ecumenism]] is a growing force in the Catholic church, and it is expected to remain such among the various sects of Catholicism. The desire to create and maintain friendly relationships with other Christian churches, notably the Protestant, has been one of the current Pope's works. The other great work of the present papacy, in concert with his Orthodox counterparts, has been the great strides towards the reunification of the One Church, that is, the Christian Church as existed before the Great Schism, and the healing of the breach that has existed within Christendom since 1054. While it seems that the closer the two bodies approach, the farther apart they seem to be. Fifty years ago, headlines in Rome and Constantinople heralded the &quot;imanent conclusion of the Great Schism&quot;; yet there remain many issues of doctrine and practice that elude satisfactory resolution between the two camps. More concrete results are to be seen at the forefront of Protestant-Catholic relations, particularly between the Catholic Church and the more traditional of the Lutheran churches. Since the establishment in 1789 of the [[Holy Roman Episcopal Lutheran]] Church, much work has been done to foster amity between Catholics and traditionalist Lutherans. The net effect has been the rapid growth in the number of Episcopal Lutheran parishes not only within the [[HRE]] but abroad as well wherever Germans have settled.

===Christian Scriptures===
The standard Latin text of the Bible is that of the Nova Vulgata, the New Vulgate, produced in 1907. The earlier versions of the Vulgate have been superceded by the New Vulgate except amongst certain ultraconservative Catholics who continue to use the Clementine Vulgate (1592). Also, the Cambrian Rite still allows for monastic churches to use the Old British translation, such as the edition found in the Gospel Book of St. Teilo, which predates holy Saint Jerome's Romana Vulgate (early 5th century), which itself is also used by many churches in Britain. 

See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgate for more. 

The accepted text of the scriptures (in English translation) can be found here: http://www.catholicdoors.com/bible/

There has been a long tradition of venerating certain non-canonical Christian texts, such as the &lt;i&gt;Shepherd of Hermas&lt;/i&gt; and the &lt;i&gt;[[Letters of Christ and Abgar]]&lt;/i&gt;. While not part of the Bible, these and other early Christian writings are enjoying something of a renaisance among Catholic scholars and laymen alike. The &lt;i&gt;Letters&lt;/i&gt; are particularly venerated amongst the Cambrian Rite and English Roman Catholics. Abgar was arguably one of the first Christian monarchs in history, ruling over the territory of Edessa in Mesopotamia.

===Questions on the Seemingly Fractured Nature of the Catholic Church in Ill Bethisad===

Q. It depends on how you see it. *Here* you have the hierarchy with the pope at the top and people linked to him either being Latin (through the hierarchy) or the uniates (directly). But since *there* you have a lot more Rites that are all considered more or less equal, the Church could be said to be divided not in the pejorative sense but in the sense of having a less linear compositions. So, how can the Church be said to be unfractured? 

A. Let us clarify. The situations *here* and *there* are, in essence, the same. The only fictional difference is the survival of the British Church (which here became thoroughly Roman/Latin? at the Synod of Whitby). All the Rites that I listed (above) exist *here*, in fact, including the Isidorian of Spain, which is *here* very much reduced. 

As for the equality of Rites - they are &quot;equal&quot; *here*, too, in that their traditions are of roughly equal ancientry with Rome; and any of the Rites that have patriarchs (like Antioch and Britain), find an equal in the Pope, who is Patriarch of the West. The chart above shows which Rites are &quot;equal&quot; and which fall under a local usage, or tradition (such as the Isidorian). 

Nevertheless, the Pope of Rome is supreme over every deacon, deaconess, archdeacon, priest, archpriest, monsegnior, abbot-priest, monk, nun, bishop, archbishop, cardinal, metropolitan, eparch, and patriarch within the Catholic Church on account the position being inherited from St. Peter. This is his office of &quot;Ecumenical and Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church&quot;. 

[Notwithstanding that the Orthodox do nòt subscribe to this &quot;western heresy&quot;. In their understanding of Church hierarchy, all bishops are equal, period. While the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is considered &quot;first among equals&quot;, due to his proximity to the Emperor (when there was still an emperor), he is not considered to have any kind of supremacy in power or right to speak and make policy alone. This collegiality is a hallmark of the Orthodox Church. It is something which the two sides have been struggling to reconcile.] 

All of the various Rites regardless of liturgy used, language used, date Easter is celebrated, or any of the thousand minor variances in form all share in the same substance of faith and religious doctrine. All confess the same creed and all look on the Pope of Rome as the ultimate leader and teacher of the faith in succession from Jesus Christ through holy St. Peter. 


===Ephemera===
Some minor tidbits surrounding the Catholic Church in Ill Bethisad.

====The Vatican Council (1988-1990)====
Pope Gregory XVII oversaw the (slight) revision of the Divine Liturgy in 1965, and opened Vatican Council in 1988. John XXIII closed it in 1990. Mostly it treats with human rights issues and similar. There are no official decrees on papal infallibility, supremacy of Peter, etc. Catholic Churches in general look towards the Pope of Rome for guidance, but not so much for sovereignty. 

Vatican Council also addressed matters of the Pope of Rome's temporal authority over the [[Papal States]]. Namely, the Pope of Rome remains the ultimate authority in the States, but that power is reserved for vetoes in grave instances (say the Senate decides that it would be a Good Thing to invade Malta and risk war with the Commonwealth of Nations - the Pope of Rome would be within his rights to veto that one) and as a sort of court of last appeal in judicial matters. The Senate, governmental ministries and the civil judiciary were also entirely laicised. Several late 19th and early 20th c. civil reforms (mostly of a human rights nature) were enshrined in law. 

====Language Issues====
The Eastern Catholics have long had the tradition of singing the liturgy in the vernacular tongue. The Cambrian Catholics have also shared this tradition, with the exception of the Dumnonians who have maintained their own tradition of the liturgy in Latin.

Latin, certainly at one time the vernacular of the imperial West, remains the official language of the Roman Catholic Church, and all documents that pertain to the Roman Rite are written in Latin. Documents pertaining to the other rites are written in the chief language of that rite and equivalent Latin versions subsequently deposited with the Vatican archives. The Isidorian Rite officially adheres to the tradition of the liturgy in Latin, but there is an increasing move towards vernacularisation. The Divine Liturgy may NOT be sung in vernacular, though some portions of the Litrugy (certain prayers and intercessions) may be sung in either Latin or vernacular. The education of Catholic children was totally revised in 1990 to also focus more on understanding what is happening in Mass and learning the meanings behind the gestures and words. On the positive side, priests are explicitly prohbited from mumbling the Latin - they too must learn to intone clearly.

====The Arian Catholic Church====
A discussion on the possibility of an independent Arian church being assumed back into the Catholic Church ensued in September of 2004, resulting in the following exchange:

&lt;pre&gt;

--- Daniel Hicken wrote:

&gt; --- In Conculture, Nik Taylor wrote:
&gt;&gt; &gt;  From what I understand of Catholicism
&gt;&gt; &gt; *there* and the Aryan Heresy, I 
&gt;&gt; &gt; don't think it could be accepted into
&gt;&gt; &gt; Catholicism.  As I understand it, 
&gt;&gt; &gt; the rites primarily differ in practices, and
&gt;&gt; &gt; *not* doctrine.

This is true. Howanever, ány heretical scion will
be welcomed back into communion with the Church
provided that doctrinal issues are resolved in
such a way that basic Catholic-Orthodox doctrine
is not compromised. This was what, for example,
the Councils of Toledo and Zaragoza dealt with.

As I understand it, Arianism's basic &quot;heresy&quot; was
in believing that the Christ was a different
divine entity from the Father. That won't fly in
Rome where the two are homoousios - of the same
substance. Personally, some aspects of Arianism
make a lot of sense, but it doesn't square with
the standing theology - so out it must go!

&gt;&gt; I'm thinking, actually, Nik, that with the
&gt;&gt; suppression of the rites
&gt;&gt; over 300+years by the invading Portuguese and
&gt;&gt; replacement with Portugal's rite (whichever it is)

Isidorian (a rite of the Roman Church).

&gt;&gt; the Aryan Heresy will be highly
&gt;&gt; moderated and be much, much more in line with
&gt;&gt; Roman Rite than at times prior.

&gt; Moderated so much that they've dropped their 
&gt; distinctive Christology?

It's possible. Arians did have an interesting
theology - a sort of &quot;linealism&quot; rather than
&quot;trinitarianism&quot;. That of course could not
survive.

I suspect that there would really be little
difference to note between a modern Arian Rite
liturgy and any of the other modern liturgy.
There really was not much difference between
Arianism and orthodoxy anyway.

Sadly, next to nothing is now known about the
Arian liturgy apart from a couple tantalising
hints. For example, detractors of Arianism
complained that Arian hymns and psalms were sung
lustily to drinking and popular tunes (rather
than the more sedate chanting of liturgical
music). It might be that the modern descendants
of some Arian groups continue this lusty form of
hymnody within an otherwise orthodox christology
and liturgy. An interesting discussion of
Arianism in Iberia I found here:

&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;http://omega.cohums.ohio-state.edu/mailing_lists/LT-ANTIQ/Older/1998/ltantiq.980420.06&gt;

====The Traditionalist Catholics====
The movement of so-called &lt;b&gt;Traditionalist Catholics&lt;/b&gt; are part of a movement within the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church which was created in the XIX century at Avignon ([[France]]) as a reaction to perceived liberalising tendancies within the church and among the clergy. 

Traditionalist Catholics are not, despite popular misconception, a distinct rite or even an independent organisation. Also, contrary to slanders in the more yellow press, charges of &lt;i&gt;near heresy&lt;/i&gt; or even outright schismatism are completely false. Rather, the Traditionalists derive members from all corners and aspects of the Church and simply form a set of behaviours and beliefs which set them apart from other Catholics. Doctrinally, the movement is perfectly sound -- their differences are all ritual and practical in nature.

As Traditionalist writer Fr. Antonin once put it: 

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&quot;Traditionalists do not question the legitimacy of any changes promulgated in recent centuries by recent Popes and Councils, but rather the long term values of those changes.&quot;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Hierarchically, Traditionalist Catholics have no particular leadership. Indeed, apart from some writers who have publicly espouse the philosophy, there is no specific leadership or designated spokeperson of the group as a whole. Their membership is drawn from the laity as well as all levels of the clergy. That being said, some parishes are known to have larger populations of Traditionalists than others due either to normal shifts of population to parishes that are perceived as &quot;purer&quot; of faith or leadership; or else due to a region simply being the home of a larger than ordinary number of Traditionalists.

The basic tenets of Traditionalist Catholicism which differ from the mainstraim are:

* Primacy of the Holy See: Traditionalist Catholics maintain the principle of the Pope of Rome being not only a spriritual leader but also a temporal one above other heads of states in the world. From their point of view, no leader has the right to oppose the Pope of Rome or to commit an action banned by him. To do so, for them, result in an action being not only against the person of the Pope of Rome but through him, a sin against God. In the past, it is an historical truth that the Pope of Rome was seen as higher than the monarchs of Europe. In practice, as nationalism and democracy have altered the nature of Europe's monarchies, this view is no longer current. The Vatican Council (1988) eliminated stylistic language that placed the Pope of Rome above all temporal rulers as a matter of Roman Law. The only remaining tradition that harkens to those older times is that it continues to be the right and prerogative of the Pope of Rome to crown the Holy Roman Emperor upon his due election.

* Religious Laws: The Traditionalists believe that Christian tradition and church laws should apply in all countries. In many countries, this has meant campaigns to pass, change, or abrogate laws to follow orthodoxy in regard to the church's teachings. While this is a type of behaviour seen in the extreme arms of most religions, it is the intensity and lack of an eucuministic approach that makes the Traditionalists stand apart from other Catholics. The Holy See has withheld an official opinion on this aspect of the Traditionalist movement: Vatican Council upheld the right of peoples to &quot;determine their own laws within their own national and provincial constitutions, guided by the loving grace of the Holy Spirit&quot;.

* Roman Superiority: The Traditionalists believe that while other Rites of the Church might have validity, the Roman Rite, due to its history and home city, should always have precedence and be considered at least first-amongst-equals. The leaders of the other Catholic Rites have long denounced this aspect of Traditionalism as an example of bias and bigotry. There have been examples of communities with high concentrations of Traditionalists that have sought to suppress both other Catholic Rites and other nonCatholic religions.

* God-centered life: As the Creator and ultimate judge, the Traditionalists believe that all of one's actions should be done in apraisal of God. This means that any action causing joy but not dedicated to God (lay music, sports, stamp collecting, etc...) is worthless frivolity and to be avoided.

In addition to differences in beliefs, Traditionalists maintain certain practices which have become obsolete elsewhere or which have been diminished elsewhere.

* Mortification: Both as a means of humbling oneself and to prevent impure thoughts, some Traditionalists inflict on themselves a certain level of discomfort as part of their daily lives. The most common ways of doing so are: sleeping without a pillow on a hard surface, wearing coarse-hair undergarment, wearing a &quot;cillice&quot; (a metalic chain tied around an apendange), etc... It should be noted that the object of mortification, as practiced by this group, is not the infliction of pain or a wound &lt;i&gt;per se&lt;/i&gt;, but rather to enforce a moral lesson. They will refrain from any methods that would pierce the skin or result in permanent injury, both of which being considered sins when self-inflicted. The Church has commended the Traditionalists for this practice, in so far as the mortifications bring no physical harm and result in spiritual growth.

* Segregation of genders: women and men, when in church, should sit on different sides of the room. Women must wear veils while in church. Women are often barred from minor liturgical roles that would result in them &quot;teaching or speaking&quot; publicly in church.  Vatican Council addressed this aspect of Traditionalism specifically, as have several papal encyclicals, all of which have denounced these practices.

* Gender restriction: Unmarried persons should be accompanied by a married chaperon of his own when spending time with a person of the other gender, such as when courting. Only unmarried women (which is taken to include nuns) should perform works outside of household chores. Women should not ride a bike or a horse (sidesaddle excepted) as this might lead her to sin.

===The Cambrian Rite===
See [[Cambrian_Rite]] for the main article on this Rite. Most Kemrese are Christians. The chief rite in the land is known generally as the Cambrian or Kemrese Rite, and like the Byzantine is a separate rite in allegiance with Rome. It has its own hierarchy, headed by the Abbot-Patriarch, and its own traditions and laws.

Quoted from the Brithenig site: &lt;i&gt;On issues of religion the Kemrese monarchy rejected the Synod of Whitby. The Christian church in Kemr remained autonomous from the [Roman] Catholic tradition introduced from Europe. The organisation of the established church was monastic and tended to be otherworldly. While it profited from the patronage of the monarchy the church maintained the right to criticise the abuses of the status quo when its leaders possessed the strength of will to do so. During the twelfth century the Catholic Church successfully sought to bring the independent Kemrese Church under the doctrinal authority of Rome. The spiritual head of the Cambriese Rite is the patriarchal Abbot of Glastonbury. The Protestant Reformation created a significant disestablished minority in the British Isles, enough that religious wars were fought there, but not enough to disturb the pre-eminence of Catholicism.&lt;/i&gt;

A certain, almost wishful, connection with Constantinople has always been maintained; but I hardly think the Kemrese Rite can be called &quot;Orthodox&quot;. It might best be called &quot;Celtic&quot;, as it seems to be a direct descendant of the old Celtic Church. In form, though, it is certainly much more evocative of Eastern Christianity than typical Western.

The veneration of the most holy Virgin Mary and holy St. David is cultivated throughout the country; while the veneration of the holy Saints Perran, Stannus and Joseph of Arimathea is strongest in the south.

Some practices particular to the Cambrian Rite -- The vernacular (Brithenig) is used in Upper Kemr during the liturgy; in the southwest, Latin is the norm. Portions of Dûnein and Brittany adopted the continental practice of using Latin as a liturgical language in the 14th century. The &quot;&lt;i&gt;Celtic tonsure&lt;/i&gt;&quot; is preferred to the Roman. The hair is clean shaven ear to ear and crown to forhead, rather than in a circle at the top. In the south, religious vocabulary is strongly influenced by Celtic: &lt;i&gt;il nemez&lt;/i&gt; (church building), &lt;i&gt;ce druez&lt;/i&gt; (priest), &lt;i&gt;il croumbs&lt;/i&gt; (altar), &lt;i&gt;ce nouefs&lt;/i&gt; (saint), &lt;i&gt;nerth&lt;/i&gt; (holy); and Greek: &lt;i&gt;agiós&lt;/i&gt; (holy), &lt;i&gt;c' ágios/-a&lt;/i&gt; (saint), &lt;i&gt;l' ékon&lt;/i&gt; (icon). The ancient &lt;i&gt;Book of St. Teliam&lt;/i&gt; and the &lt;i&gt;Missal of Glastein&lt;/i&gt; are the chief sources of Cambrian liturgical material. The former contains the gospels in Latin, and is an &quot;Old Vulgate&quot; text, which differs slightly from the continental Latin text used by the Roman Rite. The latter contains the ordinary and rubrics for the liturgy, all the variable prayers and readings.

There is also to be addressed a certain &quot;license&quot; taken by the Cambrian Rite in the matters of what is considered scripture and what isn't. This is but one area where Glastein differs with Rome. Notably, as was said above, the extra-canonical books &quot;Epistles of Christ and Abgar&quot; and &quot;Shepherd of Hermas&quot; are considered semi-canonical. There are others as well, practices that do not entirely jive with Rome: a somewhat independent streak in dating Easter, married priesthood, women in liturgical roles, use of the vernacular and a tenacity in keeping the native monastic system over a more usual episcopal structure. While Rome and Constantinople have ancient and glorious claims - and had emperors and ecumenical councils to back them up; while Antioch and Alexandria have strong historical claims to fame; the claims of the British Church as &quot;Most Ancient in the World&quot; are thought by many to be dubious and are poorly understood by Christendom in general. This might have some &quot;unofficial&quot; bearing on the matter. 

Kemr is a fairly diverse country, and there is little room for religious intolerance. There are sizeable communities of Cravithyow, Hindus and Muslims (these two mostly from India), as well as some Zoroastrians and Jews; not to mention Isidorian and Roman Catholics, liturgical Protestants and evangelicals. After the Cambrian Rite, the largest sects by population are Cravithyow, Isidorian and Roman Rite, Protestant, Muslim and then the rest. By the late 20th century, Kemr is falling into the same religious apathy that much of Europe is suffering. Rugby seems to be supplying the religious needs of the masses; and there is a fairly widespread movement of people seeking alternative spiritualities.

=Catholic Church Map of North America=
[[IMage:Map catholic provinces 2.JPG]]
&lt;/font&gt;
----

[PB]
[[Category:Religion]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lutheranism</title>
    <id>811</id>
    <revision>
      <id>61026</id>
      <timestamp>2009-08-03T13:16:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Benkarnell</username>
        <id>190</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+HRELC</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Lutheranism as a movement traces its origin to the work of [[Martin Luther]], a German religious scholar who sought to reform the practices of the Roman Catholic Church in the early 16th century.  Between 1517 and 1520, Luther preached and published his scathing criticisms of the Roman Church in books and pamphlets. His ideas were supported by many other Christian theologians, and they also had a certain populist appeal. As a result, Luther gained many supporters and followers from all levels of society, from peasants who considered him a folk hero, to knights who swore to protect him. Luther also gained some powerful enemies, including the Pope in Rome and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.

While there are several Lutheran denominations worldwide, all Lutheran churches base their doctrine on the confessional writings contained in the Book of Concord (1580), of which the Augsburg Confession (1530) is its most important confessional document. (For this reason, Lutherans who follow the Book of Concord closely, especially conservative Lutherans, may refer to themselves as Confessional Lutherans, even though the Book of Concord can be widely interpreted.)

Lutheran religious beliefs are typically summarized by the motto &quot;Sola Gratia, Sola Fide, Sola Scriptura&quot; (see also five solas):

Sola gratia: &quot;Grace Alone&quot; - Lutherans believe that salvation occurs only by the grace of God, not by actions that we may take.

Sola fide: &quot;Faith Alone&quot; - Lutherans believe that justification is through faith alone, that is, having faith makes sinners just and righteous.

Sola scriptura: &quot;Scripture Alone&quot; - Lutherans believe that the Bible is the only standard by which teachings and doctrines can be judged.

Sola gratia and Sola fide are usually opposed with works salvation. Works salvation states that by doing good works, men repay the debt of sin that they have incurred before God. To the contrary, Lutherans believe that sinners cannot be saved by good works, since they are bound to their sinful and evil nature. Lutherans believe that only through grace, and faith in Christ as their one true savior can one be saved.

Some Lutheran denominations take Sola scriptura as a statement of Biblical inerrancy – a topic that has been a matter of contention for hundreds of years. Luther himself could be critical of the writings contained in the Bible: For example, Luther once referred to the Book of James as an &quot;epistle of straw&quot;, as it contains ideas about salvation that Luther felt may contradict some of the writings of the Apostle Paul.

The Lutheran view of salvation can be summarized by saying:

   1. All humanity is sinful.
   2. Humanity is incapable of rising out of its sinful state on its own.
   3. All who sin are under the wrath of God and are subject to His just and righteous punishment.
   4. God's gift of grace is the establishment of faith in Jesus Christ.
   5. God elects the faithful, declaring them just and righteous and forgiving their sins.

For an overview of Lutheran theology, see Braaten, Carl E., Principles of Lutheran Theology, Philadelphia, Fortress Press, 1983, ISBN

(&lt;i&gt;The above is borrowed with much thanks from http://en.wikipedia.org .&lt;/i&gt;)

A few major Lutheran churches *there* are:
*Holy Roman Episcopal Lutheran Church - Lutherans who returned to the fold as a Uniate church within Latin Rite [[Catholicism]]
*Federated Evangelical Lutheran Churches of America - Primarily based in the [[NAL-SLC|North American League]] and [[Louisianne]], they also have a few congregations in other North American nations
*L'Eglise Lutheran, le Synode de [[Saint-Louis]] - Originally based in the Saint-Louis prefecture of [[Louisianne]], has now spread to other parts of Louisianne and the North American League.  The ELSSL tends to be more conservative than the FELCA, largely due to the FELCA's origin in the unification of several churches, a process conducive to compromise.  There are a number of congregations that are in a sort of [[The Condominium|condominium]] between the FELCA and the ELSSL.  [note: The same was true *here* about the ELCA and the Missouri Synod until several years ago when the Missouri Synod forced those congregations to choose a church]
*Slavic Federation of Churches of the Augsburg Confession in North America - primarily caters to immigrants from [[Eastern Europe]]
*Folkekirken - The state church of the [[Scandinavian Realm]].

[[Category:Religion]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mormonism</title>
    <id>812</id>
    <revision>
      <id>63933</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-25T19:46:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnwcowan</username>
        <id>22</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Description */  Added note on baptism</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mormonism Mormonism]''' (also called '''Latter Day Saint theology''' or '''Mormon theology''' and '''Latter Day Saint culture''' or '''Mormon culture''') is a religion, ideology, cultural movement, and subculture originating in the early 1800s as a product of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latter_day_saint_movement Latter Day Saint movement]. The term ''Mormonism'' is also often used to refer specifically to the theology and culture of [[Eglise de Jesus-Christ des Saints des Derniers Jours|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], which is by far the most numerous and well-known religion among sects claiming derivation from American born prophet [[Joseph Smith]]. Its origins stem from the American religious Revivalist and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restorationism Restorationist] movements of the 19th century, and is one of many religions to stem from this period (see also [[Aquarianism]] and [[Oahspism]]). By population, it is the largest of the religions born on American soil, estimates being a little more than half of all Revivalists. Mormonism has secured for itself a worldwide following. Though born in the [[NAL-SLC|NAL]], the early Mormons migrated westward and have settled in [[Louisianne]].

==Description==

Mormonism is based on belief in Jesus as the Messiah, in the Israelites as a covenant people; as a form of Restorationism, it professes a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Jesus_Christ_%28Bickertonite%29 (Mormon)restoration] to the earth of the original Church instituted by Christ himself and thought to have been lost in a Great Apostasy after the death of Christ.  Consequently, it has had complex and uneasy relationships with both mainstream [[Christianity]] and mainstream [[Judaism]].  

Most who practice Mormonism may be respectfully referred to as ''Latter Day Saints'' (members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints spell this ''Latter-day Saints''). Other generally acceptable terms include ''LDS'', ''Saints'', and ''Mormons'', although members of some sects other than The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints prefer not to be called ''Mormons''. A very small minority view the terms ''Mormonism'' and ''Mormons'' as offensive slurs. Historically, Latter-day Saints have also been called ''Mormonites'' and ''Brighamites'' (followers of [[Brigham Young]]).

Mormons practice baptism by immersion.  The first Mormon baptisms in the [[Federated Kingdoms]] were performed in the River Ribble, because of its status as the boundary between [[Kemr]] and [[England]].  This avoided interference from the established Christian religions.

==Mormonism as a theology==
As a theology, Mormonism as a whole includes a highly diverse and eclectic cluster of religious beliefs.  There is much in common with the Campbellite, Restorationist, and Universalist beliefs prevalent to the area.  Smith's theology was seen by contemporary Mormons as answering nearly all of the unresolved religious questions of his day.  The bedrock Mormon belief, however, is the acceptance of modern prophecy; that is, that people in modern times have the gift to authoritatively speak the mind or will of God. Common to all sects of Mormonism is the belief that [[Joseph Smith, Jr.]], the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, was such a prophet.  While the modern prophet is traditionally considered (for all practical purposes) infallible, there appears to be a growing tendency towards discounting prophetic pronouncements as personal opinions or beliefs of those leaders. 

Joseph Smith, when asked what The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints believed, wrote what is now known as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mormonism Articles of Faith]. Though the articles of faith are not a complete representation of the beliefs of Mormonism, they do represent some fundamental beliefs.

==Presidents of the LDS Church==

The Presidents of the LDS Church in [[Ill Bethisad]] are as follows:

#[[Joseph Smith, Jr.]]
#[[Brigham Young]]
#[[Jean Taylor]]
#[[Wilford Woodruff]]
#[[Lorenzo Snow]]
#[[Joseph F. Smith]]
#[[Heber J. Grant]]
#[[David O. McKay]]
#[[Joseph Fielding Smith]]
#[[Harold B. Lee]]
#[[Spencer W. Kimball]]
#[[Ezdras Taft Benson]]
#[[Howard W. Hunter]]
#[[Gordon B. Hinckley]]
#[[Thomas S. Månson]]

[[Category:Louisianne]]
[[Category:Nouvelle Cournouaille]]
[[Category:Religion]]
[[Category:Mormonism]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>New and Living Ministry of Jesus Christ of Modern Saints</title>
    <id>813</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30776</id>
      <timestamp>2006-02-20T01:45:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">This group was disavowed by the [[Mormonism|Eglise de Jesus-Christ des Saints des Derniers Jours]] and should not be confused with them by any means.  While these two groups share a common background, the minority group, the Ministry are dissenters from the mainstream church.
[[Image:Mormon flag 2.jpg|thumb]]

The Ministry embraces polygamy, and zionistic militarism, claiming revelatory approval because of scripture in the [[Wikipedia:Doctrine and Covenants|Doctrine and Covenants]], revelations of [[Joseph Smith]]. While mainstream Mormonism rejects their interpretation of scripture, the Ministry holds violently to their beliefs.  Among them are:

In the 35th 'section', or revelation, it says in verse 27, &lt;i&gt;&quot;Fear not, little flock, the kingdom is yours until I come. Behold, I come quickly. Even so. Amen&quot;&lt;/i&gt;  They take this scripture to mean that they are to maintain their 'Kingdom of God' in [[Deseret]].

In the 38th 'section', they find more scripture to lay claim to the Deseret lands (verses 18-22)  It is also because of this particular scripture that their misogynistic government system is established, where Ministry 'leadership' positions create bickering juntas, further destabilizing the political system of the region.

&lt;i&gt;&quot;And I hold forth and deign to give unto you greater riches, even a land of promise, a land flowing with milk and honey, upon which there shall be no curse when the Lord cometh;&lt;/i&gt;

&lt;i&gt;&quot;And I will give it unto you for the land of your inheritance, if you seek it with all your hearts.&lt;/i&gt;

&lt;i&gt;&quot;And this shall be my covenant with you, ye shall have it for the land of your inheritance, and for the inheritance of your children forever, while the earth shall stand, and ye shall possess it again in eternity, no more to pass away.&lt;/i&gt;

&lt;i&gt;&quot;But, verily I say unto you that in time ye shall have no king nor ruler, for I will be your king and watch over you.&lt;/i&gt;

&lt;i&gt;&quot;Wherefore, hear my voice and follow me, and you shall be a free people, and ye shall have no laws but my laws when I come, for I am your lawgiver, and what can stay my hand?&quot; &lt;/i&gt;

[[Category:Religion]]
[[Category:Mormonism]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mormon Temples</title>
    <id>814</id>
    <revision>
      <id>11881</id>
      <timestamp>2005-03-11T07:49:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jan II.</username>
        <id>21</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">The following is the list of dedicated temples of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

   Temples of the World
Alphabetical List  

Temples of the Latter Days  

&lt;i&gt;Be it heretofore known:  I've copied this list from *here*  and there is no certainty that the number of temples herein contained will exactly parallel there.  This is &lt;/i&gt;hors de porté&lt;i&gt; of [[QSS]].  This is not, and will not be canon until I, Daniel Hicken, say that it is acceptable, and I do not forsee it happening before a rather thorough sounding of all the members of Ill Bethisad.  If you'd like to suggest the correct corresponding name for IB, please do send that my way.  If that particular temple exists, I will certainly be glad to have and use the information.  That is all, this concludes my little spiel.&lt;/i&gt;
 
'''Temple''' (In Order of Announcement)
      
*1.	 Kirtland, Aquonishoniguy, NAL-SLC (!)
*2.	 Lyon-sur-Mizouri, Osage, Louisianne
*3.	 Villefranche, Osage, Louisianne. 
*4.	 Zarahemla, Nouvelle Cournouaille, Louisianne 
*5.	 St. George, Nouvelle Cournouaille, Louisianne
*6.	 Manti, Nouvelle Cournouaille, Louisianne
*7.	 Logane, Nouvelle Cournouaille, Louisianne 
*8.	 Nauvoo-la-Belle, Nouvelle Cournouaille, Louisianne
*9.	 Laie, Kingdom of Oahu
*10.	 Portland, Oregon
*11.	 Toulouse, Osage, Louisianne
*12.	 Hamilton, New Zealand
*13.	 London, England
*14.	 Edo, Yamato, Japanese Empire 
*15.	 Idaho Falls, Idaho
*16.	 Gjøteborg, Scandinavian Realm Capital Territory, SR
*17.	 Gédéon, Nouvelle Cournouaille, Louisianne
*18.	 Provost, Nouvelle Cournouaille, Louisianne
*19.	 Dyfed, Nouvelle Cournouaille, Louisianne
*20.	 Philadelphia (Cherry Hill), Kent, NAL-SLC
*21.	 Trondhjem, Norway, SR
*22.	 Frankfurt, HRE
*23.	 Niort, Gaulhe, France
*24.	 Sôul, Corea, Japanese Empire
*25.	 Taipei, FTH
*26.	 L'Alaméa, Montrei
*27.	 Heilegenstadt, Hessen, HRE
*28.	 Nouvelle Orleans, St. Onge, Louisianne
*29.	 Puits D'Arnaud, Nouvelle Cournouaille, Louisianne
*30.	 Abondance, Nouvelle Cournouaille, Louisianne
*31.	 Seattle, Oregon
*32.	 Paris-sur-Mizouri, Osage, Louisianne
*33.	 St. Louis, St. Louis, Louisianne 
*34.	 Stockholm, Sweden, SR
*35.	 Boise, Oregon
*36.	 Còbe, Yamato, Japanese Empire
*37.	 Preston, Kemr, FK
*38.	 Hacata, Yamato, Japanese Empire
*39.	 Helsinki, Finland, SR 
*40.	 Bilbao, Nouvelle Navarre, Louisianne
*41.	 Petrograd, Republic of Petrograd and Novgorod, Russian Federation
*42.	 Christiania, Norway, SR
*43.	 (Åbo) Turku, Finland, SR
*44.	 Sedigord, Nassland
*45.	 Kiev, Ukraine,
*46.	 Warsina, RTC
*47.	 Sendai, Yamato, Japanese Empire
*48.	 Toronto, Ontario, NAL-SLC
*49.	 Nagoya, Yamato, Japanese Empire
*50.	 Phiôñyañ, Corea, Japanese Empire
*51.	 Stralsund, Rygen, SR
*52.	 Paris, France
*53.	 The Hague, Batavian Kingdom
*54.	 Raguza, Dalmatia
*55.	 Nuku Alofa, Tonga
*56.	 Apia Samoa
*57.	 Boston, Massachussetts Bay, NAL-SLC
*58.	 Papeete, Tahiti
*59.	 Kona, Hawai'I
*60.	 Chicago, Ouisconsin
*61.	 Nashville, Tenisi
*62.	 Sideny, New South Wales, Australesia
*63.	 Raleigh, Carolina, NAL-SLC
*64.	 Columbia, Carolina, NAL-SLC
*65.	 Detroit, Utawia, NAL-SLC
*66.	 Hong Kong, Canton
*67.	 Medford, Oregon
*68.	 Naha, Lùquiù, Japanese Empire.
*69.	 Copenhagen, Denmark, SR
*70.	 New Amsterdam, Niuw Batavie, NAL-SLC
*71.	 Atlanta, Jacobia, NAL-SLC
*72.	 Baton-Rouge, St. Onge, Louisianne
*73.	 Haiko, FTH
*74.	 Anchorage, Alyeska
*75.	 Miamiapolis, Miami, NAL-SLC
*76.	 Montgomery, Cherokee Nation, NAL-SLC
*77.	 Le Caillou, St. Louis, Louisianne
*78.	 Des Moines, Les Plaines, NAL-SLC
*79.	 Palmyra, Aquonishoniguy, NAL-SLC
*80.	 Chillicothe, Les Plaines, NAL-SLC
*81.	 Ouvèze, Nouvelle Gaulhe, Louisianne
*82.	 Cap Girardeau, St. Louis, Louisianne
*83.	 Bolama, Gjebaland, SR
*84.	 Osu, Gadangmeland, SR
*85.	 Brisbane, Kingsland, Australesia
*86.	 Tremble, Nouvelle Cournouaille, Louisianne
*87.	 Sapporo, Ezo, Japanese Empire


&lt;i&gt;Those temples confirmed to exist *there* are preceeded by a bullet.&lt;/i&gt;

*(Åbo) Turku, Finland, SR
*Abondance, Nouvelle Cournouaille, Louisianne

Anchorage, Alyeska

Apia Samoa

Atlanta, Jacobia, NAL-SLC

*Baton-Rouge, St. Onge, Louisianne
*Bilbao, Nouvelle Navarre, Louisianne

Boise, Oregon

*Bolama, Gjebaland, SR
*Boston, Massachussetts Bay, NAL-SLC
*Brisbane, Kingsland, Australesia
*Cap Girardeau, St. Louis, Louisianne

Chicago, Ouisconsin, NAL-SLC

*Chillicothe, Les Plaines, NAL-SLC
*Christiania, Norway, SR
*Còbe, Yamato, Japanese Empire

Columbia, Carolina, NAL-SLC

*Copenhagen, Denmark, SR

Des Moines, Les Plaines, NAL-SLC

Detroit, Utawia, NAL-SLC

*Dyfed, Nouvelle Cournouaille, Louisianne
*Edo, Yamato, Japanese Empire
*Frankfurt, HRE
*Gédéon, Nouvelle Cournouaille, Louisianne
*Gjøteborg, Scandinavian Realm Capital Territory, SR
*Hacata, Yamato, Japanese Empire

Haiko, FTH

Hamilton, New Zealand

*Heilegenstadt, Westphalia, HRE
*Helsinki, Finland, SR 

Hong Kong, Canton

Idaho Falls, Idaho, Oregon

Kiev, Ukraine

*Kirtland, Aquonishoniguy, NAL-SLC (!)
*Kona, Kingdom of Hawai'I

Laie, Kingdom of Oahu

*L'Alaméa, Montrei
*Le Caillou, St. Louis, Louisianne
*Logane, Nouvelle Cournouaille, Louisianne 
*London, England
*Lyon-sur-Mizouri, Osage, Louisianne
*Manti, Nouvelle Cournouaille, Louisianne

Medford, Oregon

Miamiapolis, Miami, NAL-SLC

Montgomery, Cherokee Nation, NAL-SLC

*Nagoya, Yamato, Japanese Empire
*Naha, Lùquiù, Japanese Empire

Nashville, Tenisi

*Nauvoo-la-Belle, Nouvelle Cournouaille, Louisianne
*New Amsterdam, Niuw Batavie, NAL-SLC

Niort, Gaulhe, France

*Nouvelle Orleans, St. Onge, Louisianne

Nuku Alofa, Tonga

*Osu, Gadangmeland, SR
*Ouvèze, Nouvelle Gaulhe, Louisianne
*Palmyra, Aquonishoniguy, NAL-SLC

Papeete, Tahiti

Paris, France

*Paris-sur-Mizouri, Osage, Louisianne
*Petrograd, Republic of Petrograd and Novgorod, Russian Federation
*Philadelphia (Cherry Hill), Kent, NAL-SLC
*Phiôñyañ, Corea, Japanese Empire

Portland, Oregon


Preston, Kemr, FK

*Provost, Nouvelle Cournouaille, Louisianne
*Puits D'Arnaud, Nouvelle Cournouaille, Louisianne

Raguza, Dalmatia

Raleigh, Carolina, NAL-SLC

*Sapporo, Ezo, Japanese Empire

Seattle, Oregon

*Sedigord, Nassland
*Sendai, Yamato, Japanese Empire
*Sideny, New South Wales, Australesia
*Sôul, Corea, Japanese Empire
*St. George, Nouvelle Cournouaille, Louisianne
*St. Louis, St. Louis, Louisianne
*Stockholm, Sweden, SR
*Stralsund, Rygen, SR

Taipei, FTH

*The Hague, Batavian Kingdom
*Toronto, Ontario, NAL-SLC
*Toulouse, Osage, Louisianne
*Tremble, Nouvelle Cournouaille, Louisianne
*Trondhjem, Norway, SR
*Villefranche, Osage, Louisianne. 
*Warsina, RTC
*Zarahemla, Nouvelle Cournouaille, Louisianne 

{!} The Kirtland, Aquanishuonigy, Temple, is not currently an active temple in the same function as the other temples.  This temple is currently being restored and renovated to its historical appearance outside and on the first floor.  The main floor of this temple will remain as it was in the days it was constructed, but the upper two floors are being converted to serve in the same respects as other [[Mormonism|SDJ (LDS, Mormon)]] temples.  A replica of the meeting rooms of the first and second floors (which are identical) is being constructed just across the street from this temple, and will be open for public viewing.  The Kirtland Temple, after dedication will be, as other SDJ temples, closed to non-believers.

[[Category:Religion]]
[[Category:Mormonism]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Teutonic Order</title>
    <id>815</id>
    <revision>
      <id>51526</id>
      <timestamp>2008-07-04T23:20:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Misterxeight</username>
        <id>192</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">''Ordo domus Sanctae Mariae Theutonicorum'', ''Deutscher Orden'', the '''Teutonic Knights''' or the '''Teutonic Order''' was first formed under Roman Rite [[Catholicism]] in Palestine in the 12th century by Papal Decree to take Jerusalem for Christianity and to give medical aid to pilgrims.

After an unsuccessful campaign to secure Jerusalem the Teutonic Order moved north, initially to Venice.  Though they were no longer crusading in [[Judea]], the leaders thought to instigate crusades against the pagan nations.  The Knights posed as religious mercenaries and offered their services to Christian Kings.  It was their hope that they would be able to use their influnce in [[Germany|The Holy Roman Empire]] to acquire these formerly pagan lands for themselves.

First accepted in [[Austria]] by Andrew II of the Magyars, the Order was given a district in Burzenland, Transylvania, though this was later recanted when the Order sought to have direct relation with the Holy See and not through the Kingdom of [[Hungary]].

This proved somewhat fortuitous for the Order, as they were freed to renew their conquest under direction of Konrad I Mazowiecki, Prince of Culmland (Central Veneda) when his homeland was attacked by the Prussians, a pagan Baltic people.

This led the Order to rule a large tract of the Eastern Baltic, though this power had eroded by the end of the middle ages.  The Order quickly fell out of political life and sought to serve as a more religious organization.

[[Category:Supranational Organizations]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hinduism</title>
    <id>816</id>
    <revision>
      <id>11883</id>
      <timestamp>2005-07-04T03:49:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elemtilas</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Pic_om.jpg|thumb|100px| OM MANE PADME HUM!]] Considered to be the world's oldest continuously practiced religion. Second largest by population in [[Ill Bethisad|IB]] after [[Christianity]] and before [[Buddhism]]. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism Hinduism] for more details. Hinduism is practiced mostly in [[India]], though there are significant communities around the world, mostly in Commonwealth countries like [[South Africa]], [[Australasia]] and of course the [[Federated Kingdoms|FK]] itself.

&lt;center&gt;[[Image:brahma.jpg|200px| The Creator]]&lt;/center&gt;
----
[PB]

[[Category:Religion]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Islam</title>
    <id>817</id>
    <revision>
      <id>50964</id>
      <timestamp>2008-05-26T05:55:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Benkarnell</username>
        <id>190</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Islam_1.jpg|thumb|75px]] Islam is quite a bit less potent in [[Ill Bethisad|IB]] than in the primary world. Particularly, in the Middle East, where Zoroastrianism, Buddhism and Christianity are the dominant religions of the region.

It made slightly more progress in conquering Europe than it did *here*, however, as evidenced by the early presence of the [[Celto-Moors]] in [[Federated Kingdoms|Britain]]. Indeed, the oldest mosque in northern Europe is to be found in [[Kemr]]

See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam Islam] for more information.

&lt;center&gt;[[Image:Islam_2.jpg]]&lt;/center&gt;
----

[PB]

[[Category:Religion]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jainism</title>
    <id>818</id>
    <revision>
      <id>11885</id>
      <timestamp>2005-07-04T04:04:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elemtilas</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">A religion of extreme nonviolence, founded in [[India]]. Its devotees are mostly to be found in [[India]], [[England]] and [[South Africa]]. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jainism Jainism] for details.

&lt;center&gt;[[Image:Jainism.jpg]]&lt;/center&gt;
----
[PB]

[[Category:Religion]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Judaism</title>
    <id>819</id>
    <revision>
      <id>59824</id>
      <timestamp>2009-06-09T18:58:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Misterxeight</username>
        <id>192</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Greece */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">A religion of the Levant, centered at Jerusalem. One of the oldest continually practiced religions in the world.

See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaism Judaism] for more information on Judaism *here*, mostly applicable to Ill Bethisad also.
----
The history of Judaism in [[Ill Bethisad]] diverges greatly from its history *here*:

* [[Image:torah.jpg|thumb|150px| Yemenite rabbi]] the TALMUD.  Due to the larger, stronger, and more vocal Jewish population in [[Judea]], which was strong enough to launch multiple rebellions against foreign occupying powers, the Judean Talmud (here: &quot;Jerusalem/Palestinian Talmud&quot;) never completely lost to its Babylonian counterpart its authority as a dominant force in Jewish law.  Since the beginning, therefore, there has been a balance of power between communities following the Judean tradition and those following the Babylonian tradition.

* the COMMUNITIES.  Judaism *there* displays a wider range of healthy ancestral traditions, partially due to the survival of the Judean legal schools and partially due to the Sefaradic exodus to North America.  *Here*, the Sefaradim swamped the indigenous communities of the Mediterranean, Sefaradizing them and replacing their original traditions with Iberian ones.

* Judean-Tradition Communities: Judea, North Africa, Ashkenaz ([[Eastern Europe|Central and Eastern Europe]]), Aram Soba (Syria), Italy, Romaniote (Greece, the Balkans, Turkey), [[Atmaranos]] ([[Xliponia]])
* Babylonian-Tradition Communities: Bavel (Mesopotamia), Teiman (Yemen), the Rest of the Middle East, Persia, India, Sefarad (Iberia; today [[Mueva Sefarad]] and Parts of Morocco)
* Independant Communities: Ethiopia

* PHILOSOPHY.  Rationalist philosophy in the tradition of Sa‘adya Ga’on and Maimonides is much stronger *there*.  Zohar-based Kabbala mysticism was mostly pushed off the general Jewish world stage when the Sefaradim moved to North America.  However, Kabbala didn't completely take over Sefarad either - it exists in a balance with Maimonidean rationalism and Sufi-style mysticism.  Due to the scarcity of Kabbala in the wider Jewish world, Hasidism never developed in Eastern Ashkenaz.  A similar populist reform movement stressing emotional involvement with religion and challenging the social structure happened, but didn't include a belief in &quot;tzaddikim&quot;/rebbes as saint-like intermediaries.

* LAW.  Due to the more diverse nature of Judaism, the writing of authoritative law codes never became as popular *there*.  The most popular of those that do exist is &lt;i&gt;Darkhey Moshe&lt;/i&gt; by Rabbi Moshe Isserliss, of Ashkenaz.  In accordance with his wishes, though, it remains mostly a reference work for multiple opinions and not an authority in and of itself.

* NO HOLOCAUST.  Lots more Jews in Europe today *there* than *here*.  However, Antisemitism is also more accepted in public discourse, though discrimination against Jews is no worse in most areas than any other sort of ethnic or religious discrimination.

[PB, added to by SB &amp; RK]

==Central Asia/Turkestan==
In [[Central Asia]], especially [[Turkestan]], there are also people of ethnically Turkic or other Central Asian extraction whose ancestors adopted Judaism at some time in the past.  Relations between these adopted Jews and the rest of the Jewish community are variable, as is the level of actual knowledge of and participation in the various aspects of Jewish ritual by these Central Asian Judaists.

In short, though most Jews consider them as proselytes and the descendents of proselytes, some regard them with mixed feelings.  And similarly, while many of the Central Asian Judaists consider themselves full Jews, many do not, and see themselves as Turks practising the Judaistic faith.

==Greece==
There were Jewish immigrants arriving in Greece 6 hundred years before Christianity records have shown. Over time more Jews began settling in Greece, intermingling with the natives and even rubbing shoulders with the philosophical greats. However it wasn't until the Medeival Age that Judaism flourished. The Greek Jews called themselves &quot;Romaniotes&quot; and tended to be merchants and shopkeepers in Greece. During the Spanish Inquisition, Ashkenazim Jews were given refuge in Greece, and during the 1800s or so when antiSemitism rose in the rest of Europe, Jews were allowed safe passage as immigrants into Greece, as well as equal rights and freedom of religion. During the mid-late 1800ss the first and second generation Jews moved to Abyssinia into Greece's (failed?) colony there. Nowadays 65% of the great northern city of Thessaloniki is Greek, and Aegina, Constantinople, and Ioannina have a long history and large Jewish population.

With so many Jewish immigrants and no Holocaust, Yevanic is in no danger of being lost to time. Not only does Greece have schools which offer Yevanic as a second language as well Rabbinical Seminaries and Yeshivas/Yeshivot that primarily use Yevanic, but Greek diaspora areas in fact have Synagogues who conduct their liturgy in Yevanic as well as language schools on the tongue. Ethiopia, the NAL (Chicago and Mueva Sefarad especially), and South Africa are examples. Within Greece Proper, Ladino and Yiddish brought from fleeing expatriots from Iberia and E. Europe respectively are taught in some Jewish-sponsored schools, as well as some synagouges conducting their service in these languages. 

One different thing about the Romaniotes is that they take their surname when of age from anything Jewish basically. They name themselves &quot;John Synagogue&quot; or &quot;James Shabbat&quot;. One prime example is [[Iakovos Menorah]], the writer of modern Greece's constitution.
[[Category:Religion]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>New Age</title>
    <id>820</id>
    <revision>
      <id>11887</id>
      <timestamp>2005-09-24T18:02:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Not quite as prominent *there* as *here*, due probably to the existence of Real [[Paganism]] -- most importantly, [[An Graveth|Cravethism]] and [[Romuva|Romuva]] -- in Europe and America. Nevertheless, there has long been a current in modern Western cultures that seek to transform the typical religious/spiritual experience by accretion of ideas from disparate sources. The focus tends to rest on mysticism, meditation, yoga, though may incorporate Christian and Pagan symbolism and practices as well.

See [[Wikipedia:New Age]] for more information.

[PB]

[[Category:Religion]]
[[Category:Paganism]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Oahspism</title>
    <id>821</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38184</id>
      <timestamp>2006-05-31T17:27:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elemtilas</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">One of the many religions and spiritual paths to emerge on the [[North America|North American]] continent during the Revival of the 19th and early 20th centuries.

The Oahspe Bible is believed by its followers to have been channeled by a medium, Dr. Jowan Ballow Gouillanew in the 1880s. Devotees of Oahspism claim that Gouillanew's channelings were true, since it is their belief that his contacts in the spirit world gave him knowledge of scientific facts and ideas that were as of yet undiscovered and would not be studied until the 20th century.

Gouillanew graduated from both medical and dental schools and was accounted one of the greatest spiritual mediums of his day. In 1881, Gouillanew recounts that he was contacted by a spiritual intelligence and instructed to buy one of the new typographical engines that recently been invented. He did so and after a year worth of &quot;spirit guided typography&quot; completed the manuscript of the Oahspe Bible.

Oahspe purports to be written at the command of God, who stated the he is &lt;B&gt;not&lt;/B&gt; the Creator but is simply the chief executive officer for planet Earth. This strange book informs us that the world entered a new era in the year 1848, how the new era is different from those which preceded and what changes will come to humanity.

Oahspism is considered by most to be fraudulent at best and cultish at worst. Its sole work of literature, the Oahspe Bible, nevertheless gives us an interesting perspective on the American Revival.

Read more about the Oahspe Bible [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oahspe here].

You may also read the Oahspe Bible itself: [http://www.sacred-texts.com/oah/oah/ Oahspe Bible]

----

[[Category:Religion]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Paganism</title>
    <id>822</id>
    <revision>
      <id>11889</id>
      <timestamp>2005-09-24T18:00:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">To modern scholars of religion, &quot;Paganism&quot; is the accepted umbrella term for native Indo-European polytheistic&lt;sup id=&quot;fn_1_back&quot;&gt;[[#fn_1|*]]&lt;/sup&gt; religions, past and present- by which definition practitioners of pagan religions form a world majority. Most anthropologists divide this term into three subcategories: &lt;i&gt;Palaeopaganism, Mesopaganism &lt;/i&gt;and&lt;i&gt; Neopaganism&lt;/i&gt;.

==Palaeopaganism==

Palaeopaganism (''old paganism'') is defined as the early polytheistic expressions of religion, such as the religions of Ancient Greece and Rome, the pre-Cravethist Celtic religion, ancient Germanic religion and Vedic Hinduism.

==Mesopaganism==

Mesopaganism (''middle paganism'') is defined as later, more &quot;theologised&quot; variants or continuations of Palaeopagan faiths, such as Puranic [[Hinduism]] and [[An Graveth|Cravethism]]. Some scholars include [[Romuva]] in this category, others define it as a palaeopagan religion. Arguably, &lt;i&gt;Stregheria&lt;/i&gt;, the Christian-influenced tradition of Italian witchcraft also falls in this category.

==Neopaganism==

Neopaganism (''new paganism'') is the most contentious of the three categories. The definition accepted by most scolars is that it includes both new religious movements (such as [[Wica]]) and ''revived'' forms of Palaeo- and Mesopagan religions, such as [[Æsetro]], [[Hellenismos]] and [[Romanitas]]. Some, however, deny that Wica and related spiritualities are technically Neopagan religions, preferring to class them as syncretic [[New Age]] movements. 
&lt;br&gt;

----

&lt;cite id=&quot;fn_1&quot;&gt;[[#fn_1_back|*:]]&lt;/cite&gt; Thus including Hinduism but excluding [[Buddhism]] and [[Zoroastrianism]]. 

[[Category:Religion]]
[[Category:Paganism]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Romuva</title>
    <id>823</id>
    <revision>
      <id>11890</id>
      <timestamp>2005-09-24T18:00:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Romuva is the native [[Paganism|Pagan]] religion of the [[Baltic States|Baltic]] region. 

See http://www.romuva.lt for more information.

[[Category:Religion]]
[[Category:Paganism]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Spiritualism</title>
    <id>824</id>
    <revision>
      <id>45668</id>
      <timestamp>2007-06-13T22:18:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elemtilas</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">The practice of contacting and communicating with spirits and the ghosts of the dead. Very common practice in the NAL and urban parts of [[England]] and [[Kemr]] in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. General Moderator [[Abram Lincoln]] of the [[NAL-SLC|NAL]] (1863-1872) frequently hosted seances at the [[Octagon House]] where mediums would channel the wisdom and warnings of historical figures and the greetings of the near and dear departed.
----
[PB]

[[Category:Religion]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xintò</title>
    <id>825</id>
    <revision>
      <id>19873</id>
      <timestamp>2005-11-20T05:32:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Xintò (神道), sometimes known as ''cami no matxi'' (神の道), literally &quot;Way of the ''Kami''&quot;, is, with [[Buddhism]], one of the two main religions of the [[Japan|Japanese Empire]], particularly Japan proper ([[Yamato]], [[Ezo]] and [[Luuquiuu|Lùquiù]]).  For more information on Xintò *here* see [[Wikipedia:Shinto]]

Xintò was radicalized in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, becoming a dogmatic religion in a semi-articial form known as State Xintò.  This was discontinued during the Taixò era.

The religion of [[Zesucuto|Zesucutò]] is derived from a syncrenism of Christianity and Xintò, and is sometimes considered a sect of Xintò.


[[Category:Religion]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Zesucutò</title>
    <id>826</id>
    <revision>
      <id>18749</id>
      <timestamp>2005-11-12T05:17:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>Zesucuto moved to Zesucutò</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Zesucutò''' is one of the four main religions of the Empire of [[Japan]].  It developed in Quiùxù during the Tocugawa era from a blending of [[Xintò]] and [[Christianity]].  Zesucuto-ists have 3 supreme deities, the male ''Josu'' (&lt;Pt. ''Dios'') and the female ''Malía'' (from ''Maria''), and their son, ''Zesucu'', or more formally ''Zesuculisuto'' (from Pt. ''Jesucristo''.  Malía has been identified with Amaterasu, and Zesucu with the father of Ninigui, ancestor of the Imperial House.

It is believed that after death, a person can face one of three fates.  The truly evil are sent to Hell, the truly saintly ascend to Heaven, becoming a ''seidjin'' (originally coined as a translation of &quot;saint&quot;, but now more of a god-like concept), where they dwell with Malía, Josu, and Zesucu, and all the other angels and ''seidjin''.  The third fate is purgatory, where the soul awaits reincarnation.  Purgatory is seen as less pleasant than this world, but not hellish.  Those here on Earth can pray for their deceased loved ones, to reduce the time speant in purgatory.  Even those in Hell may be allowed to rise into purgatory, if those in this world pray hard enough for them.  The saints also have godlike powers, and can be prayed to, especially those who are one's own ancestors.

Zesucutò is fairly decentralized, being headed by the Bishop of Edo (this name was even retained during the period in which Edo was called Tòquiò), advised by the Sub-Bishops' Council.  Effective power is held by the sub-bishops themselves.  The first Bishop of Edo was Tocugawa Ieyasu, named to the position by the [[Papal States|Pope of Rome]] in the hopes that he would be able to use his political position to hasten the Christianization of [[Japan]].  For a short period it appeared that [[Japan]] was heading towards complete Christianization. However resistance not only to Tocugawa's rule, but also to his Christian evangelizing, was strong. In 1605, Tocugawa retired from the position of xògun (as *here*), continuing to exert influence, and remaining in the position of Bishop of Edo. Ieyasu's sons did not convert to Christianity, however, and after Ieyasu's death in 1616, the political situation turned against Christianity.  Small-scale persecutions in the 1610's and 20's grew into larger rebellions, culminating in the Cañei War of 1625-1628 during which a rebel Christian Kingdom of Japan was declared in northern Quiùxù and southern Honxù, aiming to eliminate the &quot;pagan idol&quot; as they called the Emperor, and institute a Christian regime in Japan.  The self-proclaimed kingdom was crushed with [[Batavian Kingdom|Dutch]] assistance, and in 1629, the Xògun, Tocugawa Iemiçu, initiated the sacocu (Closed Country) policy, as well as issuing the Western God Decree, which legalized Christianity, but banned active proselytizing, and gave the daimyò the right to determine the status of Christianity in their domains.  Xintò and Buddhism were given legal protection in all of Japan.  The Bishop of Edo created various sub-bishops underneath him, and gradually Christianity began to mingle with Xintò-Buddhism, becoming further and further from the original Christianity brought by the Europeans, with no further influence from Europe.  The Latin language and alphabet are considered sacred by Zesucutoists, who continue to worship using a Japanese-influenced version of Latin, primarily deviating in matters of pronunciation.

Zesucutoists celebrate Christmas on Djùitxigaçu 25, which corresponds to between December 21 and December 26 in the Gregorian calendar.  Easter is the 3rd Sunday in either Nigaçu or Sañgaçu (which month is determined in a 19 year cycle, with Nigaçu in 10 years and Sañgaçu in 9), which corresponds to between March 16 and March 27 in years where it's in Nigaçu, or April 15 to April 26 in years where it's in Sañgaçu.  This custom developed in the late 17th century when Easter was reset to the old lunar calendar (varying between the second and third just as now), approximating the old system, but simplifying it.  Previously, Easter had been determined by the Gregorian calculations.  Likewise, originally Christmas was Gregorian December 25, but became a fixed holiday relative to the lunar calendar.  When the [[Meidjirequi]] was adopted, the dates were simply transferred thereto.

[[Category:Japan]]
[[Category:Religion]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Zoroastrianism</title>
    <id>827</id>
    <revision>
      <id>56339</id>
      <timestamp>2009-01-17T22:38:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Geoff</username>
        <id>193</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>included Central Asia &amp; mention of Assyrian Church in Persia</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">&lt;center&gt;[[Image:23_temple_4.jpg|Zoroastrian fire altar, Zarathustra at r.]]&lt;/center&gt;

'''Zoroastrianism''' is the indigenous [[IB Religion|religion]] of [[Persia]], and is the state religion in that country.  It remains the dominant religion of the Persian people, though after Arabian incursions in the 8th century and following, [[Islam]] has taken second place, with [[Christianity]] (especially the ancient [[Assyrian Church|Assyrian]] branch) and [[Manesianity]] trailing in modern Persia. Zoroastrianism is also found in [[Central Asia]], parts of western [[India]], [[South Africa]] and [[England]].

See [http://www.avesta.org/ Avesta], a site devoted to presenting information about Zoroastrianism for more information. Read the Gathas, [http://www.zarathushtra.com/z/gatha/indexold.htm Zoroastrian scripture], at this site.

[[Category:Religion]]
[[Category:Persia]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Japan</title>
    <id>828</id>
    <revision>
      <id>57724</id>
      <timestamp>2009-02-26T22:12:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Geography of Japan */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{Nation infobox}}
|+ &lt;big&gt;'''大日本帝国'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Dainippon Teicocu'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Empire of Japan'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|colspan=2 align=center|[[Image:Japan flag.png|200px]]
|-
|colspan=2 align=center|[[Image:Japan.jpg]]
|-
|'''Languages''' ||
|-
| Official Imperial  || [[Japanese]], Corean
|-
| Official Local || Lùquiùan, Ainu
|-
|'''Major Religions''' || [[Xintò]] (Shinto), [[Buddhism]], [[Zesucutò]], [[Christianity]]
|-
|'''Capital''' || 京都&lt;br&gt;[[Quiòto]]
|-
|'''Government Type''' || Constitutional federal monarchy
|-
|'''Emperor''' || [[Emperor Xigehito|His Majesty the Emperor]] (Xigehito)
|-
|'''Regent''' || [[Maco, Princess Masaxi]]
|-
|'''[[Prime Minister of Japan|Prime Minister]]''' || 天川星&lt;br&gt;[[Amagawa Hoxi]]
&lt;!-- |-
|'''Area''' || 
|-
|'''Population''' || --&gt;
|-
|'''Establishment''' || February 11, 660 BC (according to legend)
|-
|'''[[Currency]]''' || [[Japanese currency|Lò]] = 16 Xu = 400 Fun
|-
|'''[[Supranational Organizations]]''' || [[League of Nations]], [[East Asian Federation]], [[Austronesian League]]
|-
|'''Major Subdivisions''' || 3 kingdoms ([[Yamato]], [[Corea]], [[Lùquiù]]), and 1 republic ([[Ezo]])
|}

A note on language: [[Japanese|Romanization]] *there* uses different conventions than *here*.  In addition, the langauge itself is a little different.  Corean is also [[Corean Romanization|romanized]] differently.  All names have a Japanese and Corean form, except for those applying specifically to one or the other.

The Japanese today use a calendar known as the 明治暦 ([[Meidjirequi]]/Mieñjiriek) or &quot;Meidji Calendar&quot;.

== Government ==
Japan is divided into 4 top-level constituents.  There are three kingdoms, [[Yamato]], [[Corea]] (these two are in personal union with the Empire itself), and [[Lùquiù]].  There's also one republic, [[Ezo]].  Japan also includes the [[Condominium]] of [[Meidji-dò]].  The [[Micronesian Confederation]] is a loose confederation connected to the Empire through the [[Emperor Xigehito|Emperor]].

See [[Japanese Government]] and [[Japanese Politics]] for more information on government and [[Subdivisions of Japan]] for information on levels below the top level.

== History of Japan ==
Main article: [[History of Japan]]

The nation that [[Opening up of Japan|opened up]] Japan *there* was [[Montrei]], and they did it more peacefully than America did *here*.  Instead of sending warship to [[Edo]], they offered metals that Japan was short on, and mining deals in recently-discovered mines near their eastern border.

=== Japanese Expansion ===
As *here*, Japan and [[China]] fought the Sino-Chinese War in 1894-1895.  *There*, Japan's winnings included Lùquiù (up to that point a Chinese vassal) and [[Taiwan]].  Between 1895 and 1920, Lùquiù was  governed similarly to Corea, i.e., a nominally independant nation, but heavily dominated by Japan.

In the First Russo-Japanese War (Meidji 36-38, 1903-1905), Japan gained [[Alyaska]], Fort Ross (now part of Meidji-dò, [[Nittatò]], and much of the Russian Far East, most of which was subsequently lost in the Second Russo-Japanese War (Taixò 5-6, 1910-1911)

In Taixò 7 (1912), Japan and the Kingdoms of Lùquiù and Corea formed the [[East Asian Federation]].

=== The Growth of China and Loss of Territories ===
China grew in power, as Japan watched with awe and concern. Japanese politics during this era were dominated by the so-called China Question, the question of whether to ally with or oppose China. Initially, the pro-Chinese faction came out on top, but later the anti-China faction dominated. This reversal lead China to invade Japan and set up a puppet government under [[Emperor Xòwa]].

=== Xowa Era and Great Oriental War ===
Chinese troops backed up their puppet Emperor.  In In Xòwa 15 (1939), the [[Great Oriental War]] began.  Japan initially aided China, but then fell into their own [[Japanese Civil War|civil war]].  During this period, the [[Republic of Ezo]] was born.

At the end of the war, Emperor Xòwa abdicated in favor of [[Emperor Saisei|his son]], beginning the Saisei Era.

=== Saisei Era ===
On Saisei 3, Sañgaçu 19 (April 24, 1954), a new constitution, based on the Meidji Constitution, was adopted.  This weakened the Emperor's power somewhat, but not much.  Kanawiki was made a sovereign nation with the Emperor of Japan as symbolic High King, while Alyaska became a soviet republic, without even a symbolic connection with the Emperor, and Meidji-dò was made a [[condominium]] between the Emperor of Japan and [[Alta California]].  However, the Imperial government did not recognize the legitimacy of the [[Republic of Ezo]].  Ezo came to be increasingly dominated by the pro-[[SNOR]]ist Republican Party, and soon its high democratic ideals were mere symbols.

In Saisei 5 (1956), Japan sent troops to Corea, their former ally, recently liberated from China, in order to restore order.  The provisional government of Corea had fallen apart.  The Japanese soon instituted their own provisional government.  Several years later, on Saisei 9, Nigaçu 8 (March 11, 1960), a new Constitution of Corea was finally adopted, which re-established the Kingdom of Corea, but with the Emperor of Japan on its throne, establishing a personal union between the two nations.

This new personal union fit rather awkwardly with the established government of Japan, and this fact, combined with certain weakensses of the Second Contitution, led to calls for a new constitutional convention, which was called in Gogaçu (June) of Saisei 12 (1963).  The [[Japanese Government#Constitution of Japan|new constitution]] went into effect Saisei 13 Gogaçu 4 (June 7, 1964).

=== Japan Under the New Constitution ===
The new constitution curtailed the Emperor's authority.  He still holds considerable power, as well as prestige, but also has a number of limitations.

In Saisei 16 (1967), Lùquiù signed a treaty with Japan providing for closer economic ties between the two nations.  Lùquiù became a part of the Empire a few years later, in Saisei 18 (1970).  Lùquiù has Okinawan as a co-official language, along with Japanese and Corean.

Ezo remained ''de facto'' outside the Empire, as a [[SNOR]]ist satellite.  The Rational-Progressive Party was overthrown in Saisei 40 (1991) and replaced by a new Provisional Revolutionary Council of [[Ezo]].  On Saisei 41 Gogaçu 8 (June 12, 1992), a referendum, having been approved by the Ezo Parliament, was held to determine Ezo's future status.  A sizeable majority chose integration as a republic within the Empire.  [[Japanese Government#Amendment_III|An amendment]] was passed to the Japanese Constitution redefining &quot;Hoccaidò&quot; as &quot;Ezo Quiòwacocu&quot; (Republic of Ezo), and definining its relationship.  A new constitution for Ezo was also put into effect.

=== Gacudai Era ===
On Saisei 53 Gogaçu 2 (June 6, 2004), the former Emperor abdicated in favor of [[Empress Gacudai|his granddaughter]], beginning the Gacudai era.  This created a succession crisis in Kanawiki, as Kanawiki law did not provide for abdication or female succession.  The position of High King was merged with that of Viceroy at the beginning of 2005.

On Gacudai Gannen, Jùitxigaçu 4 (December 7, 2004), [[Japanese_Government#Amendment_IV|Amendment IV]] to the Constitution was ratified, renouncing Japan's claims to Kanawiki and reorganizing Japan, reorganizing the 7 Regions into a new kingdom of [[Yamato]] (大和), formerly a semi-official name but not a legal constituent.

On August 28, 2006, while in [[Lyons-sur-Mizouri]], [[Louisianne]], Empress Gacudai was assassinated along with First President [[Jean-François Young]], by assassins unknown.  She was succeeded by her infant son, the [[Emperor Xigehito|present Emperor]]

== Summary of modern Emperors *here* and *there* ==
:*Here*
:121. 孝明 Kōmei 1846-1867
:122. 明治 Meiji 1867-1912 (Meiji era 1868-1912)
:123. 大正 Taishō 1912-1926
:124. 昭和 Shōwa 1926-1989
:125. 今上陛下 Kinjō Heika (The Reigning Emperor) 1989- (Era name is 平成 Heisei)

:*There*
:121. 孝明 [[Emperor Còmei|Còmei/Hyomieñ]] 1846-1867
:122. 明治 [[Emperor Meidji|Meidji/Mieñji]] 1867-1906 (Meidji era 1868-1906)
:123. 大正 [[Emperor Taixò|Taixò/Thaijeñ]] 1906-1922
:124. 後明治 [[Emperor Go-Meidji|Go-Meidji/Humieñji]] 1922-1925 (abdicated)
:125. 昭和 [[Emperor Xòwa|Xòwa/Sohua]] 1925-1952 (abdicated)
:126. 再生 [[Emperor Saisei|Saisei/Chaisaiñ]] (resigned the throne voluntarily) 1952-2004 (=*Here*'s current Emperor)
:127. 学代 [[Empress Gacudai|Gacudai/Hakten]] 2004-2006 (assassinated)
:128. 今上陛下 Quindjò Heica/Kymsañ Pieiha [[Emperor Xigehito|The Reigning Emperor]] 2006- (No equivalent *here*)

:The Pretender
:(would-be 126.) 真和 [[Hiromitxi, Prince Cumazawa|Xiñwa/Chinhua]] 1942-1951

== Geography of Japan ==
The Kingdom of Yamato consists of three major islands (Honxù, Xicocu, and Quiùxù) along with numerous smaller islands.  The Republic of Ezo consists of the island of Ezo, the island chain of Txixima (the Kurile Islands), the island of Carafuto (Sakhalin), and shares, as a [[Condominium]], the territory known as [[Russo-Japanese Condominium Area|Outer Manchuria]].  The Kingdom of Lùquiù consists of a chain of islands from Quiùxù down to [[Taiwan]].  The Kingom of Corea consist of the Corean Penninsula.

In addition to Japan itself, the associated [[Micronesian Confederation]] includes a wide swath of the Pacific.  Japan also holds the colony of [[Admiral Yamamoto Land]] in [[New Guinea]].

Japan has few land borders, as much of her territory is made up of islands.  She borders [[Russia]] and [[Beihanguo]].  The Condominium of Meidji-dò is entirely surrounded by [[Montrei]].  In addition, Lùquiù comes within a few miles of [[Fujian, Taiwan and Hainan]].

Maps: [http://galhaf.tripod.com/IB/japanmap.html Japan proper] (Excludes Carafuto, Soccaitxi and most of Txixima) [http://galhaf.tripod.com/IB/Corea.html Corea] (obsolete romanization on that map) [http://galhaf.tripod.com/IB/empiremap.html The Empire]

== Culture ==
Corea has a special role in the Japanese Empire.  Corean has been given co-official status in the Imperial government, and Japanese schoolchildren are expected to learn Corean by the time they enter high school, beginning in fourth grade.  Conversely, Corean schoolchildren are likewise expected to learn Japanese, beginning at the same age.  Corea, Ezo, and Lùquiù are permitted to coin money, to the same standard as Japan.

Japan was never as Westernized *there* as *here*.  For example, the Gregorian calendar was never adopted, there are fewer loan words, Xintò/Buddhism remain strong, Western-style clothing and food are less popular, and the culture itself is more traditional in many ways.

=== Languages ===
The Empire itself is officially bilingual, with both Japanese and Corean being the official languges.  Ezo has Ainu as a co-official language, while Lùquiù has Okinawan as co-official language.

=== Religion ===
Japan has several major religions.  In Japan proper, Xintò and Buddhism are the traditionally dominant religions.  Zesucutò, a hybrid of Christianity and Xintò, also has a number of followers.  Christianity itself has few followers in Japan proper, though in Corea, there are a number of Christians, along with Buddhists and followers of traditional beliefs.  Due to the connection between the previous Republic of Ezo and the Russian Empire, Russian Orthodox Christianity is fairly common in Ezo.

== Economy ==
=== Currency ===
See [[Japanese currency]].

=== System of Weights and Measures ===
Japan uses its native system of [[Japanese Measurements|weights and measures]] domestically, as well as the usual [[CICEP|SI]] units for international trade.

{{TAR}}

[[Category:Japan|*]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lago Grande</title>
    <id>829</id>
    <revision>
      <id>55685</id>
      <timestamp>2008-11-26T18:28:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Government */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=Lago Grande&lt;br&gt;Lago Grande/Deseret}}
{{image infobox|file=flag.png|caption=Flag of {{PAGENAME}} }}
{{motto2 infobox|motto=MOTTO}}
{{sub infobox|nation=[[Alta California]]}}
{{cities infobox|capital=Galilea|largest=Galilea|other=Salt City}}
{{lang2 infobox|official=Castilian|others=[[English]] (NAL &amp; Oregon), [[Francien]]}}
{{ruler2 infobox|title=GOVERNOR|name=Rodrigo Vasquez}}
{{area infobox|area=AREA}}
{{population infobox|population=400,000|adjective=(estimated)}}
{{establishment infobox|year=YEAR|reason=Parliamentary Decree}}
{{close infobox}}

'''Lago Grande''' is the untamed east of [[Alta California]], and is often referred to by its colloquial name, the Great Basin Territory, or [[Deseret]].  It is called the Great Basin, because it is believed to have held great fresh water lakes at one time, the only remnants of which are the Salt Sea or ''Lago Grande'' and the Lago Galilea or Galilee Lake.

Lago Grande is bordered by the main body of Alta California to the west, [[Tejas]] to the south, [[Louisianne]] to the east and [[Oregon]] to the north.  While the wars that have devastated the landscape in the past 100 years are currently in a lull, skirmishes and squabbles between Tejas, Alta California and Louisianne have flared over the past, as all sides claimed at one point some or all of the territory in question.  The war was continually agitated by [[Mejico]], Oregonian extremists and by the local Deseret Militia, whose leadership comprise the local military aristocracy.

==Administration==
===Government===

[[Image:Lagogrande.jpg|thumb|125px|Lago Grande in Alta California.]]

The only officially recognized government is based at Ciudad Galilea, located at the southern end of the Lago Galilea.  Alta Californian missions have secured the area in and around the Lago Galilea, and further missions are being built within a days ride by horse, the most reliable means of transportation in the area.

Most of Lago Grande is lawless land, in the control of various juntas, although since the capture and trial of Ouaren Gough and his junta leaders, lawlessness is decreasing.  Soldiers formerly manning the Rio de Sangre's Maginot line have been civilianized and set to farming the valleys of Lago Grande as farmer/militia.

Population in this region has grown in the last year, however, census figures are not yet available to show how much immigration has occurred.

===Administrative Divisions===
No attempt has been made by Alta California to divide the region in to divisions, due to the volatile nature of the population.  Legislation would be passed by Parliament in San Diego to partition the region into similar structures as the other parts of the nation.

==History==
The first settlement began with the visit of priests Silvestre Velez de Escalante and his superior Francisco Atanasio Domínguez, who established the Mission San Pedro de Galilea near the Lago Galilea, so named because it is a freshwater lake that drains by a river, called the Jordan, into a vast, dead salt sea.

Mormon dissenters who remained in the region after a call to return to Louisianne by [[Brigham Young]] have gradually diverted in their beliefs, creating a spectrum of dissidents, most militant, some fanatical.

===Recent Events===
With the end of the rule of [[Bush#George (Jorge) Walker Bush|Jorge Walker Bush]] in 2003, the Queen of Tejas rescinded Tejan claims to the Disputed Territories, and Louisiannan Foreign Policy has remained quiet and neutral on the matter.  Alta California has also largely quieted since Tejas no longer claims the disputed territories.  Louisianne rescinded their claims to Deseret as they purchased the disputed region that has now become the Alpes-Argentés.

Some minority groups near the border of Louisianne maintain their claims to the mountainous region between the Salt Lake Valley and [[Nouvelle Cournouaille]], however they are not supported by any government officers.

Unfortunately the Deseret Militias haven't quieted in the interrim, and have actually increased their violence in the area, agitating for an independant state of Deseret.  There has been an increase of Alta Californio patrols in the area because of the rumored poisoning of Rio del Sangre, despite the fact that much of this has been proven to be due to unsafe mining habits in the [[Alpes-Argentés]].

Most wanted were the FLDS prophet Ouaren Gough and his band of militant &quot;apostles,&quot; who set fire to much of the commune of Salt City.  Refugees were taken in droves to Ciudad Galilea, the major altacalifornio outpost in the region.  These men were captured in 2006, and criminal proceedings undertaken.

Since that time there has been increased growth with further missions established along the east side of Lago Galilea, including Ciudad Saratoga, Mosida, and Goshen.

==Geography==
===Borders===
{{PAGENAME}} is bordered by:&lt;br&gt;
North: [[Oregon]]&lt;br&gt;
West: [[Alta California]]&lt;br&gt;
South: [[Tejas]]&lt;br&gt;
East: [[Louisianne]]

==Economy==
Fruit Growing for export to Oregon, Louisianne and the North American League is prevalent in the mountain valleys near Galilea.  In 2008, a wind-farm company from Louisianne, ÉoliEnergie began construction on a large windfarm at the mouth of the canyon due east of Galilea, and contracts are underway for a large farm in the desert to the south and west, with transmission lines likely to be sent through most of the communities between Deseret and San Diego.  ÉoliEnergie is the first foreign contracted company allowed to build on Alta Californian soil.

==Culture==
CULTURE OF THE SUB-NATIONAL ENTITY

[[Category:Sub-National Entities]]
[[Category:Nations in North America]]
[[Category:Disputed]]
[[Category:Alta California]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sports</title>
    <id>830</id>
    <revision>
      <id>62212</id>
      <timestamp>2009-09-30T13:35:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dalmatinac</username>
        <id>45</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">As here, sports play a role in the life of the residents of [[Ill Bethisad]].  Some sports we have *here* exist *there*; others  no.  Here's an inconclusive list.

* [[Chunkey]]
* [[Football]]
* [[Hibercrosse]]
* [[La Crosse]]
* [[Ice hockey]]
* [[Rugby]]
* [[Polo]]
* [[Whummlin]]
* [[National Kökbörü League of Turkestan|Kökbörü]]
* [[Ring Game]]

[[Category:Culture]]
[[Category:Sports|*]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rugby</title>
    <id>831</id>
    <revision>
      <id>16783</id>
      <timestamp>2005-10-28T21:21:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">An old saying goes &quot;Soccer is a gentleman's game played by hooligans, and rugby is a ruffian's game played by gentlemen.&quot;

Distinctive features of rubgy include the ovoid ball and the ban on passing the ball forwards, so that players can gain ground only by running with the ball or by kicking it.

Scoring occurs by achieving either a try or a goal. A try (at goal) involves grounding the ball over the goal line at the opponents' end of the field. A goal results from kicking the ball over the crossbar between the upright goalposts. Three different types of kick at goal can score points: the goal kick after a &quot;try&quot; has been awarded (which if successful becomes a conversion (of a try into a goal)); the drop kick; and the penalty kick.

There is an intense rivalry between [[Louisianne|Louisianne's]] [[University of New Cornwall]] and [[The College of Joseph and Brigham]].

[[Category:Sports]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>University of New Cornwall</title>
    <id>832</id>
    <revision>
      <id>21902</id>
      <timestamp>2005-12-03T02:07:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>format</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{| id=&quot;toc&quot; style=&quot;float:right; width:220px; margin-left: 1em;&quot;
|+ style=&quot;font-size: large; margin: inherit;&quot;|'''University of New Cornwall'''
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; background:ffffff;&quot;|
{| id=&quot;toc&quot;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|[[Image:Unc-logo.jpg|150px|Seal of University of New Cornwall]]
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|}
|-
|'''Name'''||
University of New Cornwall
|-
|'''Location (main campus)'''||
[[Zarahemla]], [[Alpes-Rocheuses]] 
|-
|'''Established'''||
February 28, 1850 (9 Ventôse LVIII
|- &lt;!--
|'''Community'''||
Urban --&gt;
|-
|'''Type''' ||
Public coeducational 
|-
|'''Enrollment'''||
35,210
|-
|'''Faculty'''||
2,712
|-  &lt;!--
|'''President''' ||
[[Cecil O. Samuelson]]
|-
|'''Nickname'''||
Cougars
|-
|'''Mascot'''||
Cosmo the Cougar --&gt;
|- 
|'''School Colors'''||
Forest Green and White
|- &lt;!--
|'''Motto'''||
&quot;The Glory of God is Intelligence&quot; or &quot;Enter to learn, go forth to serve&quot; or &quot;The world is our campus&quot;
|- 
|'''Newspaper'''||
''Daily Universe''
|-
|'''Yearbook'''||
''Banyan (no longer issued)''
|- --&gt;
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; background:ffffff;&quot;|
|}

The University of New Cornwall was created initially as the University of Zion, but was disbanded a few years later because of financial issues.  It returned to full University status as the University of New Cornwall ten years later and has dramatically increased in size since then.  In the last 25 years, the University of New Cornwall has become more and more viewed as '''the''' Non-[[Mormonism|Mormon]] school.  

The campus of the University is found in Northern [[Zarahemla]], and has a fierce rivalry with [[The College of Joseph and Brigham|Joseph and Brigham]].  This rivalry has often come to be associated on religious grounds, as Joseph and Brigham is run by the [[Mormonism|SDJ Church]], and the University of New Cornwall is highly irreligious.  This supposed reason for rivalry is somewhat erroneous, as most of the leadership of the church graduated from UNC.

The UNC is one of the premier medical schools in [[Louisianne]], and trains a great many doctors that go on to serve both within Louisianne and internationally.  The UNC Medical school is one of two in the country that offer both a Medical Doctor (MD) and Osteopathic Doctor (DO) degree.

[[Category:Louisianne]]
[[Category:Nouvelle Cournouaille]]
[[Category:Academics|New Cornwall]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>The College of Joseph and Brigham</title>
    <id>833</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41431</id>
      <timestamp>2006-08-28T04:19:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Academics */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{| id=&quot;toc&quot; style=&quot;float:right; width:220px; margin-left: 1em;&quot;
|+ style=&quot;font-size: large; margin: inherit;&quot;|'''The College of Joseph and Brigham'''
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; background:ffffff;&quot;|
{| id=&quot;toc&quot;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|[[Image:Jandb.jpg|150px|Seal of The College of Joseph and Brigham]]
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|}
|-
|'''Name'''||
The College of Joseph and Brigham
|-
|'''Location (main campus)'''||
Manti, [[Alpes-Rocheuses]] 
|-
|'''Established'''||
October 16, 1875 
|- &lt;!--
|'''Community'''||
Urban --&gt;
|-
|'''Type''' ||
Private coeducational 
|-
|'''Classification'''||
Parochial
|-
|'''Religion'''||
Owned by the [[Mormonism|LDS Church]]
|-
|'''Enrollment'''||
32,400
|-
|'''Faculty'''||
2,100
|-
|'''President''' ||
[[Cecil O. Samuelson]] &lt;!--
|-
|'''Nickname'''||
Cougars
|-
|'''Mascot'''||
Cosmo the Cougar --&gt;
|- 
|'''School Colors'''||
Dark blue and white (was royal blue and white until 1999)
|-
|'''Motto'''||
&quot;The Glory of God is Intelligence&quot; or &quot;Enter to learn, go forth to serve&quot; or &quot;The world is our campus&quot;
|- &lt;!--
|'''Newspaper'''||
''Daily Universe''
|-
|'''Yearbook'''||
''Banyan (no longer issued)''
|- --&gt;
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; background:ffffff;&quot;|
|}

Joseph and Brigham traces its roots to the rich pioneer heritage of the [[Mormonism|Mormons]]. The original school, Joseph's Academy, was established Oct. 16, 1875, on a little over one acre of land in what is now downtown Provost, a suburb of Manti. At that time, [[Brigham Young]], president of [[Mormonism|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], charged that all secular learning at the institution should be fused with teachings from the scriptures. Speaking to Academy Principal Karl G. Maeser, President Young said: &quot;Brother Maeser, I want you to remember that you ought not to teach even the alphabet or the multiplication tables without the Spirit of God.&quot; Joseph and Brigham has remained true to that original charge.  

== History ==

Despite steady growth during its early years, the academy was threatened by a series of financial and physical setbacks. With the help and sacrifice of Abraham O. Smoot, the campus moved in 1891 to new facilities located on le Boulevard de l'Université.

[[Image:Jnbacad.jpg|thumb|left|The Academy (Student Union) at the centre of campus.]]

The academy's curriculum strengthened, and enrollment grew. In 1903, the name was officially changed to The College of Joseph and Brigham. Work began in 1909 on the Maeser Memorial Building, the first of many structures on the university’s present site.

Successive administrations oversaw the university's progressive growth, increasing both the number of buildings and the size of the student body. The university’s academic development was signified by the inauguration of the school’s first doctoral program in 1957. With the help of committed presidents, J&amp;B continued to grow, refine its mission and pursue excellence in academics and faith.

== Ownership and control ==
Joseph and Brigham is wholly owned and operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and the church provides it with a large subsidy from Latter-day Saint tithing funds, providing roughly 60% of the cost of education at Joseph and Brigham.

== Academics ==

Joseph &amp; Brigham offers bachelor’s degrees in 198 academic programs, master’s degrees in 69, doctorates in 27 and a juris doctor. The university is organized into 11 colleges.

J&amp;B has an ongoing rivalry with the [[University of New Cornwall|Université de Nouvelle Cournouaille]].  This rivalry is most apparent during any major sporting event between the two as statues on the J&amp;B campus are festooned with a protective wrap of plastic to prevent any vandalism.  Most pranks at present between fans of the Universities are not destructive, as they were in times past.

[[Category:Louisianne|College of Joseph and Brigham]]
[[Category:Nouvelle Cournouaille|College of Joseph and Brigham]]
[[Category:Academics|Joseph and Brigham]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Zarahemla</title>
    <id>834</id>
    <revision>
      <id>59424</id>
      <timestamp>2009-05-20T19:46:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Transportation */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Zarahemla''' is the largest city and capital of the Département of [[Alpes-Rocheuses]], [[Nouvelle Cournouaille]].  It is the largest city along the Alpes-Louisiannais and forms the heart of the ''Agglomération Zarahémlain''.  Zarahemla, or Zarahémla, as it was transphonated into [[France|French]] is named after the capital city of the race of 'protagonists' in the [[Book of Mormon]], a book the Mormons hold as a second book of scripture, comparable to the Bible.  This capital city was established in the mountains of the Préfecture du Nord, which later became, in part [[Nouvelle Cournouaille]].

Located in the eastern Great Plains, in the foothills of the Alpes-Louisiannais or Alpes-Rocheuses, Zarahémla is subject to beautiful views, with a dramatic and awe-inspiring skyline to the west.  The ''vielle ville'' is located  on the ''Rive Est'' of the Platte River, near the confluence of the ''Ruisseau des Cérisiers'', about fifteen miles from the piedmont.

Capital of the département and former seat of the Préfecture, Zarahémla has a population of 555 639 by itself, and the ''Agglomération'' maintains a population of 1.935.934, discounting other large settlements to the south.  This population places it among the most populous of [[Louisianne]].  Nearly 1.000.000 of the population are Mormon, although a large portion of the others are not.
[[Image:Zaratemple.gif|thumb|200px|The primary temple of the Mormon Faith is located in Zarahemla.]]

Often called the ''Ville Mormone'' due to its heritage, Zarahémla is also the highest city of any substantial size in Louisianne, being over 1.5 km high.  Zarahémla is also noted for its influence on agriculture in the region, with the ''[[Style Mormon]]'' using a grid system and historically mandated green-space, coupled with wide streets radiating as spokes from a wheel with the church owned 'Temple Square' at its center,  harking to Paris in [[France]] with its wide boulevards and serpentine alleys.

The national [[TGV]] line was completed in early CCXI (late 2003), and regular service has continued from that time to all points south and east.  [[CFL]] projects completion of the LGV line to the [[Alpes-Argentés]] sometime in 2010.  Zarahemla is home to the [[University of New Cornwall]].

== History ==
[[Image:zaracap.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Départemental Capitol Building]]
Founded in the [[Préfecture du Nord|Territoire du Nord]] as Auraria, the city was soon eclipsed by mormon settlers who enlarged the settlement and made it their own.  This caused no small amount of friction between the miners and the Mormons.  As the Mormons expected, and were granted a large amount of autonomy from the central government, the miners had little recourse and resorted at times to mob violence.

A detente was reached after the assassination of [[Joseph Smith, Jr.]], and has persisted since then.  The community today is replete with cultural events and social gatherings, many of which centering on the [[Mormon Tabernacle Choir]] and [[Temple Square]].

Zarahémla has arid winters, moist springs, pleasant autumns and low-humidity summers.  Very often, the zarahémlains say &quot;''Si vous n'aimez pas le temps, attendez un instant.''&quot; (If you don't like the weather, wait a bit.)

== Geography ==
Zarahémla is located near the far western border of [[Louisianne]], equidistant from [[Tejas]] and [[Alta California]].  To the west are the Alpes-Rocheuses and the east the great plains of North America.

According to the [[Louisianne Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 401.3 [[square kilometre|km&amp;sup2;]].  397.2 km&amp;sup2; (153.4 mi&amp;sup2;) of it is land and 4.1 km&amp;sup2; (1.6 mi&amp;sup2;) of it is water.  The total area is 1.03% water.

===Neighborhoods===
Zarahémla is dividided into 79 ''quartiers''.  Both the city government and the local neighborhoods use these divisions as they govern the city.  Most refer to specific regions, and are used as such in giving directions.

&lt;!--  This table shows the  ''quartiers'':
&lt;center&gt;[[Image:denverneighborhoods.png|Map of Zarahemla Neighborhoods]]&lt;/center&gt;
{|
|Athmar Park
|
|Auraria-Lincoln Park
|
|Baker
|
|Barnum
|
|Barnum West
|
|Bear Valley
|
|Belcaro
|
|Berkeley
|-
|Capitol Hill
|
|Central Business
|
|Chaffee Park
|
|Cheesman Park
|
|Cherry Creek
|
|City Park
|
|City Park West
|
|Civic Center
|-
|Clayton
|
|Cole
|
|College View
|
|Congress Park
|
|Cory-Merrill
|
|Country Club
|
|Denver Airport
|
|East Colfax
|-
|Elyria Swansea
|
|Five Points
|
|Fort Logan
|
|Gateway
|
|Globeville
|
|Goldsmith
|
|Green Valley Ranch
|
|Hale
|-
|Hampden
|
|Hampden South
|
|Harvey Park
|
|Harvey Park South
|
|Highland
|
|Hilltop
|
|Indian Creek
|
|Jefferson Park
|-
|Kennedy
|
|Lowry Field
|
|Mar Lee
|
|Marston
|
|Montbello
|
|Montclair
|
|North Capitol Hill
|
|North Park Hill
|-
|Northeast Park Hill
|
|Overland
|
|Platte Park
|
|Regis
|
|Rosedale
|
|Ruby Hill
|
|Skyland
|
|Sloans Lake
|-
|South Park Hill
|
|South Platte
|
|Southmoor Park
|
|Speer
|
|Stapleton
|
|Sun Valley
|
|Sunnyside
|
|Union Station
|-
|University
|
|University Hills
|
|University Park
|
|Valverde
|
|Villa Park
|
|Virginia Village
|
|Washington Park
|
|Washington Park West
|-
|Washington Virginia Vale
|
|Wellshire
|
|West Colfax
|
|West Highland
|
|Westwood
|
|Whittier
|
|Windsor
|}
--&gt;
These ''quartiers'' are not set in stone, as there are several others used to refer to portions of quartiers, such as the downtown, the civic center, the Gare du Temple, and other locales of importance throughout the city.
&lt;!--
== Demographics ==
As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of [[2000]], there are 554,636 people, 239,235 households, and 119,378 families residing in the city.  The [[population density]] is 1,396.5/km&amp;sup2; (3,616.8/mi&amp;sup2;).  There are 251,435 housing units at an average density of 633.1/km&amp;sup2; (1,639.6/mi&amp;sup2;).  The racial makeup of the city is 65.30% [[Race (U.S. Census)|White]], 11.12% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Black]] or [[Race (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.31% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 2.81% [[Asian American]], 0.12% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 15.59% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 3.75% from two or more races.  31.68% of the population are [[Hispanic American|Hispanic]] or [[Race (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race.

There are 239,235 households out of which 23.2% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.7% are [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 10.8% have a female householder with no husband present, and 50.1% are non-families. 39.3% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.4% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older.  The average household size is 2.27 and the average family size is 3.14.

In the city the population is spread out with 22.0% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 36.1% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 11.3% who are 65 years of age or older.  The median age is 33 years.  For every 100 females there are 102.1 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 101.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city is $39,500, and the median income for a family is $48,195. Males have a median income of $34,232 versus $30,768 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city is $24,101.  14.3% of the population and 10.6% of families are below the [[poverty line]].  Out of the total population, 20.3% of those under the age of 18 and 9.7% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.
--&gt;

== Landmarks ==
[[Image:Zarpano.jpg|frame|left|The [[Alpes Rocheuses]] west of Zarahémla act as a ubiquitous navigational landmark.]]

&lt;br style=&quot;clear:both;&quot;&gt;
*[[Hôtel Palais Brun]], the city's oldest hotel
*[[Capital de Département]]
*[[Gare du Temple]], a magnificent three-story building and a hub of the Metro and [[CFL]].
*[[Credit Louisiannais]] called ''la caisse'' is the third tallest building in Zarahémla.
*[[La Fosse Aux Lions]], a restaurant in the basement of one of [[Brigham Young]]'s homes in downtown Zarahemla.
*Parque des Pionniers, where the city started at the confluence of the Platte River and the Ruisseau des Cérisiers.
&lt;!--
*[[Daniels &amp; Fisher Tower|D&amp;F Tower]], when it was built in 1910 the tallest building west of the [[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]
*[[Denver Art Museum]]
*[[Denver Museum of Nature &amp; Science]]
*[[Denver Performing Arts Complex]]
*[[Four Mile House]], an important stop on the [[Cherokee Trail]] and the oldest standing residential building in the metropolitan area
*[[Denver Mint]]
*[[Molly Brown House]], where [[Molly Brown]] lived in Denver
*[[Ocean's Journey]] Aquarium
*[[Richthofen Castle]], a [[castle]] built by the uncle and godfather of the [[Red Baron]]
--&gt;

==Transportation==

[[Image:zatc.jpg|thumb|right|A ZATC street-car at the ''Place de la Gare'' station.]]

While Zarahemla was heretofore served primarily by diesel rail and the ageing Autoroute system, it is now being connected to the rest of the nation through high-technology means.  Among them is the [[TGV]] line which has connected it to all points of the compass, including a spur that is in construction toward [[Manti]] and, eventually [[Tejas]].  The old autoroutes pass through the center of town, but do not produce the large interactive traffic circles as are found in the [[NAL-SLC|NAL]], as this part of Louisianne is not as built-up.

[[Image:ZATCmap.jpg|thumb|left|Réseau map of the newly created TCBI.]]

''ZATC'' or ''Zarahémlain Agglomération Transports en Commune'' coordinates the regional transportation, holding jurisdiction over much of the commuter rail and bus lines.  What ZATC doesn't control is controlled by [[CFL]]  The ZATC has 5 metro lines running and a sixth in planning, with a ''peripherique'' line that circles the midpoint of the city under construction.  The Metro lines are supplemental to the existing Street Car lines.

The ZATC has partnered with the AATC (Agglomération Abondancian Transports en Commune) and BATC (Boaziac Agglomération  Transports en Commune) to increase the metro service area.  Larger transit hubs have been built at the interface, however some of the street-car and metro lines are being extended to further integrate the region's transit needs.  In 2009 the Transports en Commune Bureau Intermétropolitain (TCBI) was incorporated to coordinate construction efforts of the three companies.

== Colleges and universities ==
*[[University of New Cornwall]]
*[[Université de Communauté de Zarahémla]]


== Sports ==

===Sports Teams===
*Les Bisons de Zarahemla, a member of the [[Hibercrosse]] league.
&lt;!--*[[Denver Nuggets]] of the [[National Basketball Association]] (1967-) 
*[[Colorado Rockies]] of [[Major League Baseball]] (1993-)
*[[Colorado Avalanche]] of the [[National Hockey League]] (1996-) --&gt;
*Amérindiens Cournouaillais, a national football team.
&lt;!--*[[Colorado Crush]] of the [[Arena Football League]] (2003-)
--&gt;
*Mammouths Cournouaillais, a local lacrosse team. &lt;!--
*[[Denver Bears]] former minor league (AAA) baseball team (1948-1992)
*[[Denver Zephyrs]] originally, the Denver Bears (moved to New Orleans, 1992)
*[[Denver Spurs]] former [[World Hockey Association]] team (1975-76)
*[[Colorado Rockies (NHL)|Colorado Rockies]] former [[National Hockey League]] team (1976-82); now known as the [[New Jersey Devils]]
*[[Denver Gold]] former [[United States Football League]] team (1983-1985)
*[[Denver Dynamite]] former [[Arena Football League]] team (1987, 1989-1991)
*[[Denver Grizzlies]] former [[International Hockey League]] team (1994-1995)

''See also:''  [[U.S. cities with teams from four major sports]].

===Hosting===
*Every [[August]] the [[PGA TOUR]] tournament, [[The INTERNATIONAL]] in [[Castle Rock, Colorado|Castle Rock]]
*The [[2005]] [[U.S. Women's Open Golf Championship]], [[Cherry Hills Country Club]] in [[Englewood, Colorado|Englewood]]
*[[2005]] [[NBA All-Star]] Game at the Pepsi Center
*[[2008]] NCAA [[Frozen Four]] Tournament

== Hostels ==
*[[Denver International Youth Hostel]]
*[[InnKeeper of the Rockies]]
*[[Melbourne International Hotel &amp; Hostel]]
--&gt;

== Aerodromes ==
*[[Zarahemla International Aerodrome]]
*''Deuxième'', officially Zarahmela Aerodrome No. 2
*''Betteravia Aerodrome'' in a southeastern suburb of Zarahemla
&lt;!--
*former [[Stapleton International Airport]] (replaced by Denver International Airport and closed in [[1995]])
*former [[Lowry Air Force Base]] (flights stopped around [[1965]])

== Famous Denverites ==
* [[Tim Allen]]
* [[Chauncey Billups]]
* [[Richard Girnt Butler|Richard Butler]] (born in [[Bennett, Colorado]])
* [[David Fincher]]
* [[Pat Hingle]]
* [[Dean Reed]]
* [[Karl Rove]]
* [[Paul Whiteman]]

Famous non-native residents
* [[John Elway]]
* [[Pat Oliphant]]

--&gt;
{{LouisianneDepts}}


[[Category:Cities]]
[[Category:Louisianne]]
[[Category:Nouvelle Cournouaille]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Louisianne</title>
    <id>835</id>
    <revision>
      <id>62557</id>
      <timestamp>2009-10-08T13:24:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dalmatinac</username>
        <id>45</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;'''La République de la Louisianne - République Louisiannaise'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Republic of Louisianna - Louisiannan Republic'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|[[Image:La-national.png|center|150px]] || [[Image:La-emblem.png|center|150px]]
|-
|colspan=2 align=center | &lt;small&gt;National motto: ''Toujours Libre, Toujours Amicable, Toujours Fraternel.''
|-
|colspan=2 align=center | &lt;small&gt;National Hymn: ''[[Louisianne (Hymne National)|Louisianne]]''
|-
|'''Languages''' ||
|-
| Official  || [[Francien]] (''[[Louisiannais]]'')
|-
| Other || [[English]], [[Brithenig]], [[Navarran]], [[Gaulhosc]], [[Biloxien]]
|-
|'''Capital''' || [[Paris-sur-Mizouri]]
|-
|'''Important Cities''' || [[Baton Rouge]], [[Lyons-sur-Mizouri]], [[Pamplona (city)|Pamplona]], [[Narbo]], [[Saint-Louis]], [[Chambeon]], [[Zarahemla]], [[Toulouse]], [[Brest]], [[New Orleans|Nouvelle Orléans]]
|-
|'''First President''' || [[Marie-Claire Gildersleeve]]
|-
|'''Area''' || ...
|-
|'''Population''' || 22.446.397
|-
|'''Independence''' || from [[France]]
|-
|(declared) || ''never''
|-
|(''de facto'') || 1820's - 1840's
|-
|(recognized) || 1950's
|-
|'''[[Currency]]''' || 1 [[L'Argent Louisiannais|Écu]] = 10 décîmes = 100 centîmes
|-
|'''[[Supranational Organizations|Organizations]]''' || [[Community of Dalmatophone States|KSD]], [[ATOE]], [[Interpol]]
|}

Often referred to as the land between the great rivers, Louisianne stradles much of the North American plains, with a varied population and language-base.  It varies in climate from Alpine Tundra to Coastal Bayou, with verdant rolling fields of corn, soy and other crops.

==General information==

The Republic of Louisianne began as a colony of [[France]], but some time after the Revolution, it acceded to independence, and has hence remained its own.  It was not until after the [[Second Great War]] that France belatedly acknowledged the formal independence of its last North American colony, despite their otherwise normal international relations.  A minor ceremony was made with a titular deed signed over to the people of Louisianne from President Vincent Auriol on 1 May, 1951.

Louisiana comprises the former [[France|French]] territory in middle [[North America]]. It borders on [[Tejas]] and the [[NAL-SLC|Solemn League]]. To the west, it borders on the disputed territory of [[Deseret]] which [[Tejas]] and [[Alta California]] have squabbled over for more than a century.

==Administration==

===Government===

''For a full description of the government, see the main article [[Louisianne Government]].''

Louisianne can be described as a highly decentralized Republican Oligarchy, as the Préfects and First President oversee the country's national legislation and policy, but each Département and Préfecture maintain a high level of independence.  

Louisianne staunchly holds against the death penalty for perpetrators of capital crimes, as do many nations.

Louisiannan government agencies include [[Comité National de l'Espace Louisiannais|CNEL]], or ''Comité National de l'Espace Louisiannais'', [[Bureau Météorologique National|BMN]] or the ''Bureau Météorologique National''.

Louisianne also has several state-sponsored humanitarian agencies. [[Le Patrimoine]] is a nationalistic agency geared to develop pride in Louisianne.  Le [[Regiment of Peace|Régiment de la Paix]] is less dependent on the Louisiannan government and is now a multinational entity, but was incepted by [[Jean-Francois Young]].

For a list of Louisiannan political parties, please see: ''[[Political Parties of Louisianne]]''.

===Administrative Divisions===

Louisianne's Administrative divisions are based upon the divisions enacted by the [[France|French]] Revolution.  Louisianne is the only 'daughter' nation of France that has retained the divisions, divisions which even France herself has not retained.  While Louisianne claims to remain entirely true to these divisions, this is incorrect, as they have modified the divisions through centuries of use.

Louisianne is divided into Préfectures, Départements, Comtés, Arrondissments and Communes.  The 6 Préfectures are [[Osage]], [[Nouvelle Cournouaille]], [[Nouvelle Gaulle]], [[Nouvelle Navarre]], [[Saint-Louis (prefecture)|Saint-Louis]], [[Saint-Onge]].

These préfectures are divided into 22 départements.  Each of these is divided into ''arrondissments'' and further into ''canton'' or ''commune''.

[[Image:Louadmin.jpg|thumb|400px|A map of Louisianne showing the various départements in their Prefectures.]]

*[[Osage]] (Yellow)
**[[Aurillac]]
**[[Garonne-Neuve]]
**[[Terre Platte]]
**[[Mizouri]]
**[[Paris-sur-Mizouri]]
*[[Nouvelle Cournouaille]] (Purple)
**[[Alpes-Argentés]]
**[[Alpes-Rocheuses]]
**[[Daquota]]
**[[Dordogne]]
**[[Rocheuses]]
*[[Nouvelle Gaulle]] (Green)
**[[Nyobrara]]
**[[Omara]]
**[[Oto]]
*[[Nouvelle Navarre]] (Orange)
**[[Bretagne]]
**[[Gascogne]]
*[[Saint-Louis (prefecture)|Saint-Louis]] (Red)
**[[Côte d'Or]]
**[[Saint-Louis]]
**[[Mississippi (Louisianne)|Mississippi]]
**[[Les Ozarques]]
*[[Saint-Onge]] (Blue)
**[[Loire-Neuf]]
**[[Côte de Châtaigne]]
**[[La Salle]]
**[[Pont-Chartrain]]
*[[Pays-Lointains]]

===Internal Complaints===
Many Louisiannans are concerned about the volume of Closed-Circuit television in the country and in government and public places, especially.  Reforms begun during [[Marc-Albert Mitterand|President Mitterand]]'s regime had increased the number of [[CCTV]] installations around the country significantly, nearly quadrupling the number within a few years.  The projected increase had actually continued in the first two years of President Young's tenure, but in March of 2006 President Young requested legislation that would cut by 200% the number of CCTV installations around the country.

Louisianne is currently the most remote-viewed country in the world, with London, [[England]] coming in second.

==History==

Lousianne is the only nation known to have been ignored into independence.  It is also known for its double-dealing in the past, much to the chagrin of the reformist Républicains Libres.  For the full recounting of Louisianne's history, please visit [[History of Louisianne]].

==Geography==

Louisianne stradles the North American plains.  It also has much of the Montagnes Rocheuses.  Because of the rolling plains, much of northern Louisianne focuses on agriculture, while Southern Louisianne focuses on vinyards, industry and shipping.  There has been growing concern recently for the aquifer that straddles much of New Cornwall and some of Osage.

===Borders===
*North: The Mizouri River, the [[NAL-SLC|NAL]], 
*West: El Rio De Sangre with [[Alta California]], L'Arquansas with [[Tejas]], and the International Peace Park with [[Oregon]]
*South: The Gulf of [[Mejico]]
*East: The Mississippi with the [[NAL-SLC|NAL]]

==Economy==

The economy of Louisianne centers around agriculture and tourism, but mining, manufacturing and banking are increasing as economic powerhouses in the modern economy.

[[Image:LouAg.jpg|thumb|150px|Agricultural overview of Louisianne.]]

===Agriculture===
''Please see [[Viticulture of Louisianne]], [[Alcohol of Louisianne]] and [[Cheese and Sausage of Louisianne]] for further information.''

Louisianne is a largely agricultural country, with large tracts of land farmed in the provinces of [[Osage]], [[Nouvelle Gaulle]], [[Saint-Louis|St. Louis]] and [[Nouvelle Cournouaille]], exporting grain and produce to North America and the world at large.  Louisianne has earned the title &quot;The Bread-Basket of North America,&quot; due to its large soy, wheat and corn production.  Experiments have begun in the north to use the American Bison in a cattle-like fashion, the most success being in cross-breeding the bison and creating &quot;beefalo.&quot;

Louisianne is also known for its wines and other alcoholic beverages.  While Louisianne's alcohol industry was hurt by [[Prohibition]], it was not as destroyed as was that of the [[NAL]], where most vineyards were torn up in favor of concord grapes.

North American Gastronomists will often aver that a perfect complement to Louisianne's many fine wines, brandies and other alcohols are Louisianne's cheeses.  While many are simple transplants of well known French cheeses, others are delicious mixtures of two styles, much akin to France's Bresse Bleu which is a mixture of the Brie/Coulommiers/Camembert varietals and Bleu/Roquefort.

===Tourism===

Tourism has recently increased to the famed ski resorts in the furthest western reaches of Nouvelle Cornouaille, as well as the International Geyser Park (Yellowstone) shared with [[Oregon]].

The jewel of the République is undoubtedly the city of [[New Orleans|Nouvelle Orléans]], on the Mississippi River. However, there was a time when New Orleans was a province of the [[NAL-SLC|NAL]]. During the 1828 War, the NAL wrested the Mississippi port from Louisiannan control for a period of a few years. After several years of mistrust and reparations, the seized territories were returned to Louisianne in return for pacts of mutual defense, non-agression and trade.

===Industry===

Industry is focused largely on mining and ranching in the North and West, farming in the central and southern préfectures. Other budding industries are various manufacturing firms, including Airship construction, with an increase in technology in the west.  Also working at the forefront of technology is the state owned [[RepubliComm]], who successfully launched the first telecommunications satellite early in 2004, although this satellite was only to serve as a test-bed for technologies.

[[Dorris Motorworks]] has recently partnered with [[Tesla-Westinghouse]] to introduce the first commercially viable electric car, the [[Tesla Speed]], to compete with other European speed vehicles.  

[[Nouvelle Navarre]] remains a rather wild and uncivilized province, though there is a sizeable establishment of gold miners in the Noirraines, or Black Hills.  Other mining ventures are found in the Rocheuses in western Nouvelle Cornouaille, mining Zinc, Copper, Silver, and other metals.  Shipping is a large industry along the Mizouri and Mississippi Rivers, with trade flourishing in [[Paris-sur-Mizouri]], [[Saint-Louis|St. Louis]] and [[New Orleans|Nouvelle Orléans]] as major ports.

Raw materials heretofore have in the past been indiscriminately exported to both countries, though this is a publicly disavowed and discontinued practice. Industries of note are ranching and logging.  

Louisianne is now joint with [[Japan]] in developing [[ATOE]], the Transoceanic Alliance for the Exploration of Space.

===Cinema===
Louisianne has seen its film industry wax and wane over the years.  It has recently seen an upsurge with the popularity of [[Space Voyage 2245]], and [[Star Wanderers]], both filmed in Louisanne by a Louisiannan film company, Studios St-Julien.

==Culture==

Louisianne is quirky in most of the western world in that it does not follow the Gregorian calendar system, but instead has adopted and vigorously defends the [[French Republican Calendar]] that was instituted during revolution.

Louisianne is also quirky in that it accepts most language groups of any sizeable nature as an official language of the country, evidenced by the status of [[Dalmatia|Dalmatian]] as an official language of the state due to the large number of Dalmatians in the urban centers and Eastern Nouvelle Cournouaille.

A curious quirk of history has made the Republic the only colonial Power remaining in North America. While the [[NAL-SLC|NAL/SLC]] has long been an independent confederation within the British [[Commonwealth of Nations| Commonwealth]], and various other European colonies have in one way or another severed or altered their colonial relationships, Louisianne has maintained two small colonies surrounded by the American province of [[Mobile]]. In 1699, [[France]] planted a colony at Biloxi and in 1702 another colony at Mobile Bay. These weathered the storms of the French Revolution, the Louisiannan revolt and the 1828 War. The colony is called [[Biloxi et Mobile]], and is composed of two separate towns of those names. The coastal towns started out as trading posts and minor ports of call for French shipping entering Louisianne. In 1819, the once Spanish lands of [[West Florida]] that surrounded the colony's territories were purchased by the young [[NAL-SLC|NAL]] provinces of Cherokee Nation and Mobile. American cities named after their French colonial neighbours were established, and have largely outgrown and surrounded their colonial neighbours. Mobile especially has grown, becomming the [[NAL-SLC|NAL]]'s major port city in the Caribbean. 

The colony remains peculiar in its French influenced architecture. It is also a haven for refugees from [[Martinique]] and [[Hayti]]. Haytian Creole threatens to oust the native creole, Biloxien, which has been the cause of some concern to authorities in Louisianne. 

The effects of the recent detonation of a [[Florida-Caribbea|Floridian]] nuclear weapon in the Gulf of Mexico, south of Vienne-le-Port have yet to be weighed, but it will most likely affect the central Gulf region for decades to come.

===Languages===
While Francien is the official language of government, the following languages are officially recognized within Louisianne:

*[[Francien]]
*[[Narbonosc]]
*[[Riksmål|Scandinavian]]
*[[English]]
*[[Dalmatian]]

The language of the government is expected to remain Francien.  Local regions have other languages, including [[Lyons-sur-Mizouri|Lyons-sur-Mizouri's]] Little Yamato District, where predominantly [[Japanese]] is spoken and the [[Hutterite]] Colonies in [[Nouvelle Navarre]] that speak [[Navarran]]

The most linguistically diverse region is the western half of [[Nouvelle Cournouaille]] which was settled by Mormon immigrants from various countries around the world.

===Religion===

[[An Graveth]], [[Catholicism]], [[Lutheranism]], [[Mormonism]].

Mormons and Lutherans are the second largest religious groups behind Catholics, with the Mormon's primary temple in Zarahemla, and the Lutherans largest Synod of North America residing within the national borders.

===Novels, Plays and Movies===

Louisianne exports numerous novels, plays and movies to the wider world.  Most recently the series titled [[La Chronique des Désirs Interdits]] has taken the publishing world by storm.

==Foreign Press Reaction to Louisianne==

Public Opinion the other side of the Mizouri &amp; Mississippi was summarized by Padraic as follows:

Reaction (esp. from America) would probably be &quot;...a step in the right direction for a newly awakening Louisiana (&lt;i&gt;sic&lt;/i&gt;) who have until this point been preparing to gaily step off a cliff,&quot; or, &quot;We shall have only to wait and see how serious our western neighbours are to engage in and propagate this benevolent society given their propensity for extravagant promises and spectacular failures in past decades.&quot;

I'm sure Louisianna has a pretty high opinion of itself of late, but the rest of the world - and North America in particular - aren't holding their breaths! I guess they figure that once Young is out of office, Louisianna will snap back into its &quot;...old shape of marginally tolerable rubbish heap of corrupt petty officials taped together by that body of senseless promulgations that in other countries might be termed laws.&quot; Of course, &quot;[Young] and his cadre of reformers, surely the enticing pastry crust riding on top of an otherwise inedible lump of Helvetian minceloaf&quot; are working at turning things around, but only time will tell.

==See also==
''[[Biloxi et Mobile]], [[Osage]], [[Lyons-sur-Mizouri]], [[Paris-sur-Mizouri]], [[Toulouse|Toulouse, Zone Capital du Préfecture]], [[Nouvelle Cournouaille]], [[Chambeon|Chambéon, Zone Capital du Préfecture]], [[Zarahemla|Zaraëmla, Zone Capitale du Région]], [[Nouvelle Gaulle]], [[Narbo|Narbo, Zone Capital du Préfecture]], [[Nouvelle Navarre]], [[Pamplona (city)|Pamplona, Zone Capital du Préfecture]], [[Saint-Louis (prefecture)]], [[Saint-Louis|St. Louis, Capital du Préfecture]], [[Saint-Onge]], [[Baton Rouge|Baton Rouge, Zone Capital du Préfecture]], [[New Orleans|Nouvelle Orléans, Capital des Fêtes]], [[Préfecture du Nord]]''


Louisianne's Tourist Bureau: http://www.geocities.com/bo_arthur/ltb/intro.html

ATOE: http://www.geocities.com/bo_arthur/atoe

{{LouisianneAdmin}}
{{KSD}}
[[Category:Louisianne|*]]
[[Category:Nations in North America]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Famous Persons Page</title>
    <id>836</id>
    <revision>
      <id>62560</id>
      <timestamp>2009-10-08T14:30:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dalmatinac</username>
        <id>45</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Famous (and not so famous) Persons in [[Ill Bethisad]] can be very similar to Our Timelines' counter parts, and others can be very different.

* [[Mar Äbdiyeşü XVII|Catholicos Mar '''Abdiyeshu XVII''']]
* [[Alhastri|Musa ibn Amir '''Alhastri''']]
* [[Saint Anira|Saint '''Anira''']]
* [[Ash-Shams|Taliiq ibn '''Ash-Shams''']]
* [[Babai the Great|Catholicos Mar '''Babai I''']]
* [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Johann Sebastian '''Bach''']]
* [[Juzen Bambaryla]]
* [[Otto Von Bismarck|Otto von '''Bismarck''']]
* [[Gion Boibont|Gion '''Boibont''']]
* [[Bush|The '''Bush''' Siblings]]
* [[Xriwizaj Candra|Xríwizáj '''Canðra''']]
* [[Jean-Louis Cattin]] Director, [[CNEL]]
* [[Caroline Jeanette Cerisier|Caroline Jeanette '''Cerisier''']]
* [[Chopin|Frydryk '''Chopin''']]
* [[Tom Clentsin|Tomas '''Clentsin''']]
* [[William Josiah Clinton|William Josiah '''Clinton''']]
* [[Tomos Corw| Tomos '''Corw''']]
* [[Jean de Cournouaille|Jean '''de Cournouaille''']]
* [[Charles De Gaulle| Charles '''de Gaulle''']]
* [[Diana I of England and Scotland|Queen '''Diana''']]
* [[Jean-Michel Darguence]]
* [[Valdemar Ditzenoe|Valdemar '''Ditzenø''']]
* [[Dessaline|'''DieuDonné''' III, House of Dessaline]]
* [[Ioan_Aurial_Dunantu|Ioan Aurial '''Dunantu''']]
* [[Amelie-Marie Earhart|Amelie-Marie '''Earhart''']]
* [[Ibrahim Enver|Ibrahim '''Enver''']]
* [[Gouarren Ffereir|Gouarren '''Ffereir''']]
* [[Ted Giesel|Ted '''Giesel''']]
* [[Gorbachenko|Aleksei '''Gorbachenko''']]
* [[Will Haxby|Will '''Haxby''']]
* [[Adolf Hessler|Field Marshall Adolf '''Hessler''']]
* [[Angelique Hill| Angelique '''Hill''']]
* [[Adolf Hitler|Adolf '''Hitler''']]
* [[Ho Chi Minh|'''Ho''' Chi Minh]]
* [[Hus|Jan '''Hus''']]
* [[Hoiyn|Grand Prince '''Hoiyn''']]
* [[Thordhur Jonsson fra Hvita|Þorður Jonsson frá '''Hvítá''']]
* [[Llewfelen Iewen]]
* [[Paul Erdmann Isert|Paul Erdmann '''Isert''']]
* [[Iu_Chin-Ion|'''Iu''' Chin-ioñ]]
* [[Jagr|Karel '''Jagr''']]
* [[Agnes von Johannes|Agnès von '''Johannes''']]
* [[Jonasson|Sigtryggur '''Jónasson''']]
* [[Vilhjalmur Jonsson|Vilhjálmur '''Jónsson''']]
* [[Jowcko map Jowcko|Jowcko map '''Jowcko''']]
* [[William Kemp|William '''Kemp''']]
* [[Kemper the Rover|'''Kemper''' the Rover]]
* [[Kolchak|Aleksandr '''Kolchak''']]
* [[Georg Friedrich Kremer|Georg Friedrich '''Kremer''']]
* [[Ivan Kuskov|Ivan '''Kuskov''']]
* [[Lenin|Vladimir I. '''Lenin''']]
* [[Abram Lincoln|Abram '''Lincoln''']]
* [[Catren Llewan|Catren '''Llewan''']]
* [[Martin Luther|Martin '''Luther''']]
* [[Mahmud Ğulam Xan]]
* [[Marc-Albert Mitterand|Marc-Albert '''Mitterand''']]
* [[Andrew Morris|Andrew '''Morris''']]
* [[Mrac|Pavel '''Mrac''']]
* [[Jose Murillo|José '''Murillo''']]
* [[Napoleon]]
* [[Näzgül Rahman-qızı]]
* [[Trofim Nemirov|Trofim Trofimovich '''Nemirov''']]
* [[Richard Milhouse Nixon|Richard Milhouse '''Nixon''']]
* [[Joshua Abraham Norton|Joshua A. '''Norton''']]
* [[Nuraslan Näzbek-ulı]]
* [[François 'Frankie' Ozarque|François &quot;Frankie&quot; '''Ozarque''']]
* [[Ernesto Padilla|Ernesto '''Padilla''']], Ambassador of [[Tejas]] to [[Louisianne]]
* [[Isaac Padovano|Rabbi Isaac '''Padovano''']]
* [[Olwarz Piniatyk|Olwarz '''Piniatyk''']]
* [[Jowan Quidgerey|Jowan '''Quidgerey''']]
* [[Col Jelku Rajnyatesku|Col. Jelku '''Rajnyatesku''']]
* [[Mark Reynolds|Mark '''Reynolds''']]
* [[Eugenio Roddenberry|Eugenio '''Roddenberry''']]
* [[Alphonse Rochambeau|Alphonse '''Rochambeau]]
* [[Rudolf III|'''Rudolf III''' Bailbiret]]
* [[Berthold Rutan|Berthold 'Burt' '''Rutan''']]
* [[Jan Sacz|Jan '''Sacz''']]
* [[Geoffrey Sessions|Geoffrey &quot;Cosh Em When They Aint Lookin&quot; '''Sessions''']]
* [[Şapar Aqniät-ulı]]
* Sir Roger Short -- American architect; see [[Philadelphia]], [[Octagon House]] and [[Oblong Office]]
* [[Andrew Smith|Andrew '''Smith''']]
* [[Joseph Smith|Joseph '''Smith''']]
* [[Liliana Spada|Liliana '''Spada''']]
* [[Onute Staniszkiene|Onute '''Staniszkiene''']]
* [[Daniel St. Julien|Daniel '''St. Julien''']]
* [[Sultan Qasım-ulı]]
* [[Joseph Hyrum Taylor|Joseph Hyrum '''Taylor''']], head of the [[Deseret Freedom Fighters|DFF]]
* [[Nikola Tesla|Nikola '''Tesla''']]
* [[Enrhig Tewdur|Enrhig '''Tewdur''']]
* [[Ouisconsin#Othaaki-Meskwaki|Wa-Tho-Huk '''Thorpe''']], versatile XXth century athlete
* [[Ricardo Tramethyck|Ricardo '''Tramethyck''']]
* [[Gwilim Trammelpila|Gwilim '''Trammelpila''']]
* [[Henri Samuel Truman|Henri Samuel '''Truman''']]
* [[Mark Urelj|Mark '''Urelj''']]
* [[Vissarionov|Iosif '''Vissarionov''']]
* [[Jac von Ripper|Jac '''von Ripper''']]
* [[Juan de la Xierva|Don Juan '''de la Xierva''']]
* [[Paul Thordersen Xwitaw|Paul Thordersen '''Xwítáw''']]
* [[Jean-Francois Young|Jean-François '''Young''']]
* [[Zheng He|Admiral '''Zheng He''']]

===Other collections of people===

* [[Current Monarchs]] around the world
* [[First Presidents of Louisianne|First Presidents]] of [[Louisianne]]
* [[General Moderators]] of the [[NAL-SLC]]
* [[Founders]] of the [[NAL-SLC]]
* [[Prefects of Louisianne|Prefects Past and Present]] of [[Louisianne]]
* [[List of Monarchs of England and Scotland|Kings]] of [[England]] and [[Scotland]]
* [[Japanese Imperial Family]]
* [[Who's Who in the RTC]]
* [[Archimandrites of the Serene Monastic Republic of the Holy Mountain]]
* [[Who's Who in Turkestan]]

[[Category:People|*]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Japanese Imperial Family</title>
    <id>837</id>
    <revision>
      <id>42275</id>
      <timestamp>2006-09-26T07:20:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Terminology */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">== Terminology ==
親王 Xinnò - Imperial Prince, a male member of the Imperial Family either a direct male-line descendant of an Emperor within 2 generations (i.e., to the grandson) or the head of the Alisugawa, Fuximi, Cañin, Higaxi-Cuni, Higaxiyama, [[Cumazawa]], or Nambocu branch families.&lt;br&gt;
内親王 Naixinnò - Imperial Princess, the female version of the above.  All female members of the Imperial Family lose their status if they marry outside the Imperial Family&lt;br&gt;
王 Ò - Prince, a male member of the Imperial Family who is ''not'' a xinnò&lt;br&gt;
女王 Nio'ò - Princess, the female equivalent of the above&lt;br&gt;

== Main Branch ==
The main branch of the Imperial House consists of descendants of [[Emperor Taixò]], and contains several branch-houses.  Italics indicate deceased individuals.  Note: this only lists individuals who did not leave the Imperial House through marriage or renunciation of status.
*昭和天皇 ''[[Emperor Xòwa]]'' (born April 29, 1901, died May 4, 1967)  Originally titled originally titled 迪宮裕仁親王 Mitxi-no-miya Hirohito Xinnò.  Reigned as Emperor from March 7, 1925 to February 3, 1952
**再生天皇 ''[[Emperor Saisei]]'' (born December 23, 1933, died March 11, 2006)
***浩宮徳仁 ''[[Naruhito, Prince Hiro]] (born February 23, 1956, died August 23, 2002)
****学代天皇 ''[[Empress Gacudai]]'' (born May 25, 1982, died August 28, 2006)
*****今上陛下 [[Emperor Xigehito|the Present Emperor]] (born May 25, 2006)
*****学仁親王 [[Prince Nolihito]] (born May 25, 2006)
****正宮眞子内親王 [[Maco, Princess Masaxi]] (born August 9, 1985)
****椿宮恵子内親王 [[Queico, Princess Çubaqui]] (born September 14, 1987)
****平安宮恒子内親王 [[Çuneco, Princess Heian]] (born September 14, 1987)
****桜花宮綾子内親王 [[Ayaco, Princess Òca]] (born April 6, 1997) 
***秋篠宮文仁親王 [[Fumihito, Prince Aquixino]] (born January 16, 1960)
****桜子内親王 [[Princess Sacuraco]] (born September 27, 1985)
****佳子内親王 [[Princess Caco]] (born October 7, 1988)
****富士子内親王 [[Princess Fudjico]] (born February 1, 1992)
**常陸宮正仁親王 [[Masahito, Prince Hitatxi]] (born November 28, 1935)
*後明治天皇 ''[[Emperor Go-Meidji]]'' (born June 25, 1902, died January 24, 1953) Also titled 秩父宮雍仁親王 Yasuhito, Prince Txitxibu
**秩父宮卯仁親王 [[Xigehito, Prince Txitxibu]] (b. 1930)
***和成親王 [[Prince Kazunali]] (b. 1973)
****悟成王 [[Prince Satonali]] (b. 1996)
***宇治宮平成親王 [[Hiranali, Prince Udji]] (b. 1975)
***泰子内親王 [[Princess Quiòco]] (b. 1976)
*高松宮宣仁親王 ''[[Nobuhito, Prince Tacamaçu]]'' (born January 3, 1905, died February 3, 1987)
*三笠宮崇仁親王 [[Tacahito, Prince Micasa]] (born December 2, 1915)
**寛仁親王 [[Prince Tomohito]] (born January 5, 1946)
***瑶子女王 [[Princess Yuco]] (born October 25, 1983)
**桂宮宜仁親王 [[Yoxihito, Prince Caçura]] (born February 11, 1948)
**高円宮憲仁親王 ''[[Nolihito, Prince Tacamado]]'' (born December 29, 1950, died November 21, 2002)
***高円宮承子内親王 [[Çuguco, Princess Tacamado]] (born March 6, 1986)
***典子女王 [[Princess Nolico of Tacamado]] (born July 21, 1988)
***絢子女王 [[Princess Ayaco of Tacamado]] (born September 15, 1990)

See also: [[Japanese Succession|Succession]]

=== Former Imperial Family Members ===
Princesses who marry outside the Imperial Family leave the family and join their husbands' family.  Descendants of the Taixò Emperor who have done so are listed below.  Some are still members of branch-houses.  Italics are deceased individuals:
*Micasa House
**Conoe Yasuco - daughter of [[Tacahito, Prince Micasa]], had one son
**容子女王 [[Princess Masaco]] - daughter of Tacahito, Prince Micasa, married Prince Matahito from the [[Cumazawa]] House, had three children
***南北宮靖広親王 [[Yasuhiro, Prince Nambocu]]
***敏仁王 [[Prince Txòhito]]
***雄仁王 [[Prince Yuhito]]
**[[Aquico Bourbon-Le Moyne]] - daughter of [[Prince Tomohito]], married [[Antoine II Bourbon-Le Moyne]]
*[[Emperor Xòwa|Xòwa]]'s daughters
**''Tacaçucasa Cazuco'', originally Cazuco, Princess Taca
**Iqueda Açuco, originally Açuco, Princess Yoli
**Ximazu Tacaco, originally Tacaoo, Princess Suga
*Xòwa's granddaughters
**[[Ninomiya Toxico]], formerly Princess Toxico, only daughter of [[Masahito, Prince Hitatxi]], married Crown Prince [[Hirosuque]] of [[Lùquiù]] in 1997.  Divorced, 2003.
*Saisei's descendants
**Countess [[Noli Sayaco]], originally Sayaco, Princess Noli

== Xinnòque ==
Xinnòque are branch-families whose head is a xinnò
*熊沢 [[Cumazawa]]
**[[Hiromitxi, Prince Cumazawa|Hiromitxi]] (deceased), 1st head
**高信 [[Tacanobu, Prince Cumazawa|Tacanobu]], 2nd and current head
*有栖川 Alisugawa
**全仁 [[Masahito, Prince Alisugawa|Masahito]], 12th and current head
*伏見 Fuximi
**博明 [[Hiroaqui, Prince Fuximi|Hiroaqui]], 25th and current head
*閑院 Cañin
**胖仁 [[Naohito, Prince Cañin|Naohito]], 8th and current head
**郁仁 [[Prince Ayahito|Ayahito]]
**弥仁 [[Prince Mihito|Mihito]]
*東久邇 Higaxi-Cuni
**稔彦 [[Naruhico, Prince Higaxi-Cuni|Naruhico]], 1st head
**盛厚 [[Prince Molihiro|Molihiro]]
**信彦 [[Nobuhico, Prince Higaxi-Cuni|Nobuhico]], 2nd and current head
*南北 Nambocu
**靖広 [[Yasuhiro, Prince Nambocu|Yasuhiro]], 1st and current head
*東山 Higaxiyama
**勤 [[Çutomu, Prince Higaxiyama|Çutomu]]

== Òque ==
Other branch-families (in order from oldest to youngest)
*山階 Yamaxina
*小松 Comaçu (EXTINCT)
**彰仁 [[Aquihito, Prince Comaçu|Aquihito]], first head, originally named Higaxi-Fuximi-no-miya Yoxiaqui
*華頂 Catxò (Quacho)
**龍之介 [[Lùnosuque, Prince Catxò|Catxò]], 4th and current head
*梨本 Naximoto
**朝建 [[Asataque, Prince Naximoto|Asataque]], 4th and current head
*久邇 Cuni
*北白川 Quitaxiracawa
*賀陽 Caya
**賀陽勇治 [[Caya Yùdji]], 4th head, former Imperial Family member
*朝香 Asaca
**鳩彦 [[Yasuhico, Prince Asaca|Yasuhico]], 1st head
**誠彦 [[Tomohico, Prince Asaca|Tomohico]], 3rd head
*竹田 Taqueda
**治憲 [[Harunoli, Prince Taqueda|Harunoli]]
''The following òque were created by [[Emperor Saisei]] early in his reign''
*東伏見 Higaxi-Fuximi
*山城 Yamaxiro
*河内 Còtxi
*和泉 Izumi
*壱岐 Iqui
*対馬 Çuxima
*伊勢 Ise

See also [[List of Heads of Xinnòque and Òque]]

== Former Emperors ==
122. 明治天皇 [[Emperor Meidji]]&lt;br&gt;
123. 大正天皇 [[Emperor Taixò]]&lt;br&gt;
124. 後明治天皇 [[Emperor Go-Meidji]]&lt;br&gt;
125. 昭和天皇 [[Emperor Xòwa]]&lt;br&gt;
126. 再生天皇 [[Emperor Saisei]]&lt;br&gt;
127. 学代天皇 [[Empress Gacudai]]

[[Category:Persons from Japan|Imperial Family]]
[[Category:Japanese Imperial Family|*]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>List of Monarchs of England and Scotland</title>
    <id>838</id>
    <revision>
      <id>55326</id>
      <timestamp>2008-10-29T17:45:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zahir</username>
        <id>35</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Second House of Plantagenet */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[England]] has a long line of illustrious Monarchs - but things are essentially the same as *here* until 1483 (Edward's reign was popular, but short - he died of Tuberculosis in 1486).  The Tudors did not seize power after the battle of Bosworth Field.  Instead, they were occupied in their home nation of [[Kemr]].  At the death of Richard III in 1512, the crown passed to James V of [[Scotland]] (James I of England), who was married to [[Margaret of York]], [[Richard III of England|Richard]]'s daughter by [[Joanna of Castile]].

== House of Stuart ==
[[Image:House of stewart.jpg|thumb|Family tree of the House of Stuart]]
*[[James I of England and Scotland|James I]] (V of Scotland) (1512-1542)
*[[Mary I of England and Scotland|Mary I]] (1542-1604)
*[[James II of England and Scotland|James II]] (VI of Scotland) (1604-1625)
*[[Charles I of England and Scotland|Charles I]] (1625-1649) (King of Scotland, 1625-1662)
== English Interregnum ==
=== Protectorate ===
*[[Thomas Rainsborough]] (1653-1657) (Lord Protector) &lt;-- ''Proposal''

=== House of Rainsborough ===
*Thomas I (1657-1661)
== House of Stuart (Restored) ==
*Charles I (Restored, 1661-1662)
*[[Charles II of England and Scotland|Charles II]] (1662-1678)
*[[James III of England and Scotland|James III]] (VII of Scotland) (1678-1701)
*[[James IV of England and Scotland|James IV]] (VIII of Scotland) (1701-1766)
*[[Charles III of England and Scotland|Charles III]] (1766-1790)
*[[Henry VII of England and Scotland|Henry VII]] (I of Scotland) (1790-1803)
*[[Constantine of England, Scotland, and Kemr|Constantine I]] and [[Mary II of England and Scotland|Mary II]] (1803-1822)
*[[Victoria I of England and Scotland|Victoria I]] (1822-1901)

== Second House of Plantagenet ==
[[Image:2nd house of plantagenet.jpg|thumb|Second House of Plantagenet]]
*[[Albert I of England and Scotland|Albert I]] (1901-1910)
*[[James V of England and Scotland|James V]] (IX of Scotland) (1910-1936)
*[[Edward VI of England and Scotland|Edward VI]] (II of Scotland) (1936-1972)
*[[Elizabeth I of England and Scotland|Elizabeth I]] (1972-1997)
*[[Diana I of England and Scotland|Diana I]] (1997-)


[[Category:Federated Kingdoms]]
[[Category:Government]]
[[Category:World Leaders]]
[[Category:Royalty]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>England</title>
    <id>839</id>
    <revision>
      <id>63334</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-30T23:46:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caeruleancentaur</username>
        <id>197</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Culture */ Spelling and style corrections; duplications deleted.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=Kingdom of England}}
{{shortname infobox|vernacular=England|english=England}} 
{{image infobox|file=engflag.gif|caption=Flag of {{PAGENAME}} }}
{{motto infobox|motto=Dieu et mon droit}}
{{establishment infobox|year=927|reason=Athelstan's conquest of Northumbria}}
{{lang2 infobox|official=English|others=Scots, Brithenig, Wessish}}
{{cities2 infobox|capital=London|other=Newcastle, Portsmouth}}
{{ruler2 infobox|title=Queen|name=[[Diana I of England and Scotland|Diana I]]}}
{{ruler2 infobox|title=First Lord|name=[[John Smith]]}}
{{area infobox|area=Good question}}
{{population infobox|population=approximately 7 million|adjective= English}}
{{currency infobox|currency=1 pound=20 shillings=240 pence}}
{{organization infobox|organization=[[Federated Kingdoms]], [[Commonwealth of Nations]], [[League of Nations]]}}
{{close infobox}}

'''England''' is one of the three constituent nations of the [[Federated Kingdoms]], occupying the south-eastern third of Britannia to the East of Kemr. England is named after the Angles, one of a number of Germanic tribes believed to have originated in Angeln in Northern Germany, who settled there in the 5th and 6th centuries. England is one of the principals of the Federated Kingdoms, comprising the southeastern third or so of the British Isle. We know that the current Queen is Diana I, of the Second House of Plantagenet. She is the daughter of Elizabeth I, who abdicated quite recently.


==Administration==
===Government===

England is a constitutional monarchy, with power vested in the English Parliament, which can trace its origins to the Anglo-Saxon ''witenagemot''. 

In 1265, Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, who was in rebellion against Henry III, summoned the first elected parliament without any prior royal authorisation. The right to vote in Parliamentary elections for county constituencies was uniform throughout the country, granting a vote to all those who owned the freehold of land to an annual rent of 40 shillings (Forty-shilling Freeholders). In the Boroughs, the franchise varied and individual boroughs had varying arrangements. The archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls and barons were summoned, as were two knights from each shire and two burgesses from each borough. Knights had been summoned to previous councils, but the representation of the boroughs was unprecedented. De Montfort's scheme was formally adopted by Edward I in the so-called &quot;Model Parliament&quot; of 1295. At first, each estate debated independently; by the reign of Edward III, however, Parliament had been separated into two Houses: one, including the nobility and higher clergy, the other, including the knights and burgesses. This division of Parilaiment into the House of Lords and the House of Commons has remained until the present day, and the two houses remain fairly equal in power.

Until the 19th century, the Monarch was both head of state and head of government and expected to take direct control of the Government. However, after the short-lived Second Union of Crowns (England and [[Scotland]] with [[Kemr]]), this became difficult, as the Monarch tended to spend more time in [[Kemr]] than England.  The King appointed the First Lord of the Treasury as his representative in Parliament. Unlike *here*, the title of 'Prime Minister' was never conferred upon him, and he is usually known as simply 'the First Lord'. When Victoria came to the throne, she continued to use him as a representative, and the office of [[First Lords of England|First Lord]] has evolved into a constitutional head of government. 

The current First Lord is a Scottish-born Socialist by the name of John Smith.  He has been in power longer than any other First Lord of that Party. 

Also, as a result of James III (James II *here*) never being deposed (which caused the creation of the British political parties), party lines are different, not really forming until the beginning of the 20th century.  The main parties are:  The Socialist Party, the Liberal Party, and the Conservative Party.  Admittedly, the only party with a different name is the Socialist Party, but the Liberal and Conservative parties have different roots to *here*'s Liberal and Conservative parties.

Parliament is composed of two houses, as *here*. These are the House of Lords and the House of Commons. There was no civil war *there*, and so, the two houses are significantly closer to equality, as far as power goes. Also, as a result of James III(James II *here*) never being deposed(which caused the creation of the British political parties), party lines are different, not really forming until the beginning of the 20th century. The main parties are: The Socialist Party, the Liberal Party, and the Conservative Party. Admittedly, the only party with a different name is the Socialist Party, but the Liberal and Conservative parties have different roots to *here*'s Liberal and Conservative parties.

Much of the business of English government is handled by the Secretaries of State for the [http://hjrgib.weebly.com/northern-and-southern-departments.html Northern and Southern Departments].

===Administrative Divisions===
England, is, as *here*, divided into counties, though many of these were eliminated in a recent reshuffle, and others simply do not exist, instead being inside Kemr(Non-existent counties include Wiltshire, Gloucestershire, Warwickshire, and others). It is a current issue how much autonomy these counties should be given. The chief regions of England are Kent in the southeast, Sussex in the southwest, the Midlands north and west of London, Northunbria in the northeast and Cumbria in the northwest. 

[[Image:EnglishCounties.gif|thumb|right|200px]]

Traditionally, the highest level of local government in England has been the county or shire, of which there are twenty-four: 
#Northumberland
#County Durham
#Yorkshire
#Lincolnshire
#Nottinghamshire
#Leicestershire
#Rutland
#Northamptonshire
#Buckinghamshire
#Berkshire
#Southamptshire
#Middlesex
#Oxfordshire
#Bedfordshire
#Huntingdonshire
#Cambridgeshire
#Hertfordshire
#Middlesex
#Surrey
#Sussex
#Kent
#Essex
#Suffolk
#Norfolk

Counties are generally further subdivided into ''hundreds'', with the exception of Yorkshire. It is a current issue how much autonomy these counties should be given. The Local Government Act of 1888 set up county councils for each of the counties taking over from the responsibilities of the Quarter Sessions, and the the Local Government Act of 1894 gave the Hundreds (or in Yorkshire, Wapentakes), councils of their own. A

There are also free cities within counties, not part of any Hundred, that have somewhat more powers of their own. These  Cities are cities either on account of having a cathedral (or by extention, a Catholic cathedral south of a certain line an a Protestant one north of it), by being the chief city of a county or by being given letters patent by a monarch, led by a Lord Mayor. These cities are; ''Abingdon, Bedford, Bradford, Brighton, Buckingham, Cambridge, Canterbury, Carlisle, Chelmsford, Chichester, Coventry, Derby, Dorchester, Durham, Ely, Guildford, Hertford, Huntingdon, Ipswich, Kingston-upon-Hull, Lancaster, Leeds, Leicester, Lincoln, London, Maidstone, Newcastle, Norwich, Northampton, Nottingham, Oakham, Oxford, Peterborough, Portsmouth, Ripon, Salisbury, Sheffield, Southampton, St Albans, Wakefield, Westminster, Winchester'' and ''York''. 

Several situations are worthy of special mention: 

====Yorkshire====

Yorkshire is the largest of England's counties, at 3,882,851 acres. This great size is due to the county's status as a successor entity to the Viking Kingdom of York. Consequently, Yorkshire is divided into three ''Ridings'' which are subdivided into ''wapentakes'' rather than ''hundreds'' as the other counties. Indeed, the ridings have councils of their own, as does the Wapentake of Ainsty (not in any hundred), rather than one county council.

Linguistically, Yorkshire is also notable for having dropped the singular/plural distinction in the second person, using ''you'' for both singular and plural. This can really confuse Englanders from other, more sane, parts of the country.  

====County Durham====

Properly called the ''County Palatinate of Durham'', County Durham is exceptional among English counties in that temporal power within the county resides in the Prince-Bishop of Durham (currently Nicholas Thomas Wright). Among other details, the Prince-Bishop has the right to mint the county's own coins and administer justice within the county- the court of last appeal in County Durham is that of the Prince Bishop rather than the Monarch.

====Lincolnshire====
Lincolnshire is divided into three &quot;parts&quot; - Parts of Holland, Parts of Kesteven and Parts of Lindsey. (Parts of Lindsey is itself divided into three ridings.) Each of these Parts have their own councils instead of one county council.

====Metropolitan Board of Works====
The Metropolitan Board of Works is an institution set up by the Metropolis Management Act 1855. Rather than expand the City of London, the English government made a new institution to goven the area surrounding London - &quot;Greater London&quot; to avoid confusion - to maintain its transport networks, sewers, police (the Metropolitan Police), fire brigade (Metropolitan Fire Brigade) and some other things I can't think of now. Unlike here, it was never plagued with the same level of corruption as following 1898 its was organised by a Council who met - and still do meet - at the Metropolitan Hall in Brixton, Surrey.

====Liberties====
There are  various areas of counties that in C15 and earlier were given independance from surrounding county areas to deal properly with their own affairs, called Liberties. Most of these were abolished in C19 but two still remain - the Isle of Ely and the Soke of Peterborough. In the former, the bishop of Ely has some ceremonial power. They have their own county councils and are de facto self governing with own county councils.

====Council of the North====
????

==History==

Also see the [[List of Monarchs of England and Scotland]].

There are certain differences in the prehistory of the of England.  The XVth century witnessed the Wars of the Roses, a conflict between the Kentian and Yorkist branches of the First House of Plantagenet.  The Kemrese did not intervene, and ultimately the heirs of [[Richard III of England|Richard III]], a Yorkist, held the throne.  Since the marriage of Richard's daughter Margaret to [[James I of England and Scotland|James, King of Scots]], England and Scotland have been in personal union.  Since the Tewdrs never intervened, then at the time of the Reformation a
Stewart monarch ruled in London.  Without the dilemma of
providing an heir to Henry VIII the Stewart monarch chose not to
nationalise the monasteries and remaind [[Catholicism|Catholic]].  Successive monarchs
married into the dynasties of France and Castile creating a strong alliance
that stemmed the impact of Protestantism.  The Stuarts remained in Edinburgh,
permitting the existence of an episcopal reformed church in
Scotland.  Conversion to Protestantism spread to create a influential
minority, and after a period of savage conflicts a sustantial number choose
emmigrantion to the New World as the only peaceful alternative... (adapted from a [http://mercury.ccil.org/~cowan/sessiwn/msg00156.html Sessiwn post])


In [[Ill Bethisad]], it was James V rather than James VI who achieved the Union of the Crowns.  The Tudors never came to the throne of England (they were busy being kingmakers in the independent Kingdom of [[Kemr]] in the western part of Britain), and although there was a technical change of dynasty when Henry VII (the pretender Henry IX in our timeline) died, the current Monarch of England and [[Scotland]] has Stuart ancestry.  [[Diana I of England and Scotland|Diana I]] has reigned since 1997, when her mother abdicated in her favor.  I hasten to add that this is *not* the Queen of Hearts from our timeline: she's also Head of the Second House of Plantagenet.)

==Geography==

England essentially occupies the lowland zone of Britannia, and is characterised by gently rolling hills and broad river-valleys.

===Borders===
North: [[Scotland]].
West: [[Kemr]].
South: British Sea
East: British Sea.

==Economy==


==Culture==

England is, in many ways, rather old-fashioned, though not quite Dunein standard.  Cobbled streets are still the norm in small towns.  Red telephone boxes may be spotted throughout the nation.  
England has an organisation, known as 'Her Majesty's Army'(The HMA), devoted to the dissolution of the [[Federated Kingdoms|FK]].  Due to its (inaccurate) name, it will never be referred to by name, but simply called 'The Separatist Group'.  Its name has also given rise to several conspiracy theories about [[Diana I of England and Scotland| Diana]]'s involvement in the organisation.

===Languages===

England is interesting linguistically.  [[English]] is marked foremost by a lack of a single standard based upon the London dialect. Several Englishes are therefore correct, notably those of the South (London), Northumbria (Yorich) and the North (Edinbro). Of interest to note are the continued use of the letter thorn, &quot;þ&quot;, to designate the TH sound; the use of ''-es'' as a generalised plural verb ending, distinction of the second person pronouns ''tha'' (singular) and ''ye'' (plural), and differentiation of the gerund and participle. Some dialects in Yorkshire have dropped the familiar form 'thou', and adopted 'you' throughout their speech, entirely confusing singular and plural. This can really confuse Englanders from other, more sane, parts of the country.

England's largest island, the Isle of [[Wight]], did, until the early 1600s, have its own Germanic language, [[Wessish]], but this fell out of use and died out in favour of English.

===Religion===

England is fairly evenly divided between Protestants and Catholics. The Protestants are largely based in the north of the country, the Catholics in the south. The Archbishop of Yorwich is a Protestant, and the Archbishop of Canterbury a Catholic. The queen is, in fact, a Catholic, but also legally the head of the English Presbyterian Church.

==See also==

*[[List of Monarchs of England and Scotland]]
*[http://www.geocities.com/ill_bethisad/commonwealth.htm The Commonwealth]


----

&lt;b&gt;SOMER ISLANDS&lt;/b&gt; Well off the east coast of the [[NAL-SLC| NAL]] lie the Somer, or Hogg, Islands. Once the lair of corsairs and privateers, it was the setting for Shaxpear's &quot;The Tempeste&quot;; it now enjoys the fruits of tourism and is an international banking and tax haven. Somer Islands are an English Crown Colony.

----

See: http://www.geocities.com/ill_bethisad/commonwealth.htm

[[Category:Nations in Europe]]
[[Category:Federated Kingdoms]]
[[Category:Commonwealth of Nations]]
{{CoN}}</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Scotland</title>
    <id>840</id>
    <revision>
      <id>61458</id>
      <timestamp>2009-08-16T03:00:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Misterxeight</username>
        <id>192</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Known Facts */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{IBCOTW candidate|Thispage=Article name}} 

==Known Facts==
[[Image:Scotflag.gif|thumb|Flag of Scotland]]
*Scotland, rule by Queen [[Diana I of England and Scotland]], is a member of the [[Federated Kingdoms]]
*Up until [[James IV of England and Scotland]], monarchs of Scotland dubbed themselves &quot;King/Queen of the Scots.&quot;
*The country was overwhelmingly anti-Catholic during the reign of [[Mary II of England and Scotland]] when a political party known as the ''Thistles'' allied with the English Whigs to force the abdication her and [[Constantine of England, Scotland, and Kemr]].
*[[Scots]] is a different language from [[English]].
* Heirs to the throne of Scotland were/are called the Dukes of Rothesay.
* [[Breathanach]] is spoken in southwest Scotland, with [[Gaeilg|Gàidhlig]] spoken in the Highlands.
* Capital city is Edinburgh.
* [[Gwrthiern ffeil Gwilim]]'s mother was of Scottish descent.
* [[Alba Nuadh]] or &quot;New Scotland&quot; is an [[NAL]] province.
* [[Commonwealth Artists]] was founded in Scotland in 1955.
* There is a [[Green Carnation Party]] in Scotland.
* Various sports that have originated in Scotland, which include &quot;tossing a tree&quot; and &quot;sweeping the ice for a rock&quot; and &quot;following a tiny ball to hit it with a stick&quot;, though the [[Iomáint|Irish stake claim]] to the final one too.
* [[Charles I of England and Scotland]] was a believer in absolute monarchy. His attempts to wield absolute power lead to a civil war in England, which resulted in the Parliament convicting the king of high treason and ordering his execution in 1649. He managed to flee to Scotland where, with Kemrese protection, he remained safe from England. After his deposal, the English Parliament proclaimed England a Commonwealth. England durign this period was governed by Thomas Rainsborough.  While living in exile in Edinburgh, Charles sought allies for an invasion of England to restore the monarchy there. Kemr was hesitant to agree to an invasion of England, and dissuaded the king from an invasion.  Finally, however, in 1657, after the English Parliament proclaimed Thomas Rainsborough &quot;King Thomas I&quot;, King Donal II of Kemr at last consented to aid Charles in his effort to retake England. The so-called War of the Three Kingdoms began in late 1657, and lasted until 1661, when at last London was captured by joint Scottish-Kemrese forces. The usurper Thomas I was executed, and Charles returned to the throne of England.
* Slavery was abolished in both [[England]] and Scotland in 1772.
* Scottish Catholics generally follow the [[Catholicism|Latin Rite]], thus falling within the Patriarchy of Canterbury.  However, Catholics in the Western part of the country and in the far north tend to fall under the Patriarchy of Glastonbury, i.e. British Rite.
* Part of Western Scotland (where [[Breathanach]] is spoken) used to be the Northern Marches of [[Kemr]].

==Proposed Military Insignia==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Image:Sc-uni-land1.png|Proposal for Scottish uniforms
Image:Sc-ranks-officers.png|Proposal for Scottish insignias: Officers 
Image:Sc-ranks-non-officers.png|Proposal for Scottish insignias: Other Ranks 
&lt;/gallery&gt;


==Song==
:‘Will ye go to the Highlands, my bonnie love, 
:Will ye go to the Highlands wi Geordie? 
:An ye’ll tak the high road an I’ll tak the low, 
:An I’ll be in the Highlands afore ye. 

:I wad far rather stay on the bonnie banks o Spey, 
:An see a the fish-boaties rowin, 
:Afore I wad go to your high Highland hills, 
:An hear a your white kye lowin. 

:He had not been on the high Highland hills, 
:Months but barely three o 
:Afore he was cast into prison strong 
:For huntin the deer an the roe o. 

:Where will I find a bonnie little boy, 
:Who will run an errand shortly, 
:An who will run on to the bonnie Bog o Gight 
:Wi a letter to Gighty’s lady? 

:‘Here am I, a bonnie little boy, 
:Who will run an errand shortly, 
:An will run on to the bonnie Bog o Gight 
:Wi a letter to Gighty’s lady.’ 

:‘When that ye come where the grass grows long 
:Slack your shoes an run o; 
:When that ye come where the bridge is broke, 
:Bend your bow an swim o. 

:When that ye come to Gighty’s gates, 
:Stop neither to chap or call o, 
:But bend your bow right clean to your breast, 
:An jump right over the wall o. 


:When that he came where the grass grew long 
:He slacked his shoes an ran o, 
:An when he came where the bridge was broke, 
:He bent his bow an swam o. 


:When he came to Gighty’s gates, 
:He stopped neither to chap nor to call o, 
:But he’s bent his bow right close to his breast, 
:An jumped right over the wall o. 


:When that she looked the letter upon, 
:A loud, loud laugh laughed she o, 
:But ere she had the half o’t read, 
:The saut tear blinded her e’e o. 

:‘Go saddle to me the black horse,’ she cried, 
:‘The brown never rode so boldly, 
:Until I ride to Edinburgh toon, 
:To see an get life for my Geordie.’ 

:But when she came to yon ford mou 
:The boatman he wasna ready, 
:But she clasped her hands round her high horse’s neck, 
:An she swam the ferry shortly. 

:When that she came to the pier a Leith, 
:The poor people they stood many, 
:She parted the yellow gold them among, 
:Bade them pray for the life a her Geordie. 

:When that she came to Edinburgh toon, 
:The nobles they stood many, 
:An every one had his hat on his heid, 
:But hat in hand stood her Geordie. 

:‘O has he killed, or has he brunt, 
:O has he robbit any? 
:Or what has my loved Geordie done, 
:That he’s going to be hangit shortly?’ 

:‘He hasna killed, nor has he brunt, 
:Nor has he robbit any, 
:But he’s been a-huntin the King’s own deer, 
:An he’s going to be hangit shortly.’ 

:‘Will the yellow gold buy off my bonnie love, 
:Will the yellow gold buy off my Geordie?’ - 
:‘It’s five hundred croons if ye wad pay doon, 
:Ye’ll get the hat on your Geordie.’ 

:She’s taen the red mantle fae her neck, 
:She’s spread it oot fu bonnie, 
:An she’s taen the hat oot o Geordie’s hand, 
:An she’s beggit round them shortly. 

:Some gave her croons and some gave her pounds, 
:An some gave her hundreds many, 
:An the King himsel gien her one hundred more 
:To get the hat on her Geordie. 

:When she was on her high horse set, 
:An in behind her Geordie, 
:The bird ne’er sang sae sweetly on the bush 
:As she did behind her Geordie. 

:Oot an spak an Irish Duke, 
:An auld bow-leggit body, 
:Says, ‘I wish that Gighty had lost his heid, 
:Or I had gotten his lady.’ 

:She turned her high horse quickly aboot, 
:An o but she wasna saucy, 
:Says, ‘Pox be upon your Irish face, 
:For ye never could compare wi my Geordie.’ 

:First I was lady o bonnie Auchindoun, 
:An next I was lady o Gartly, 
:But noo I’m guidwife o the bonnie Bog o Gight, 
:An I beggit the life o my Geordie.’ 
{{CoN}}
----

See: http://www.geocities.com/ill_bethisad/commonwealth.htm

[[Category:Nations in Europe]]
[[Category:Federated Kingdoms]]
[[Category:Commonwealth of Nations]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Prefects of Louisianne</title>
    <id>841</id>
    <revision>
      <id>58676</id>
      <timestamp>2009-03-31T17:23:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Until the recent past the world press has had a tendency to call all departmental leaders of [[Louisianne]] 'President.'  This is a misnomer and, as current trends show, Prefect is the correct term for the Préfectoral leaders of Louisianne.  This is of course not to be confused with [[First Presidents of Louisianne|First President]].

Prefects serve for seven years, and then can be re-elected to subsequent terms. Most are not, as one seven year term fulfills most Prefects political desires.  At any time in their term, Prefects are subject to a [[Vote of No-Confidence]].

[[Louisianne_Government#Louisiannan_Election_Process|Elections]] proceed on the following cycle:

* National First President Election
* Nouvelle Gaulle
* Saint-Onge 
* Osage 
* Nouvelle Cournouaille 
* Saint-Louis
* Nouvelle Navarre 

The election of the Governor of the [[Pays-Lointains]] has no set limit, however most Gouverneurs retire after 10 years.  The current Gouverneur is [[Alphonse Rochambeau]].

== Current leadership of Louisianne is as follows: ==
&lt;i&gt;Showing estimated term limits.  Listed in order of Seniority, oldest to youngest.&lt;/i&gt;

*[[Osage]]: [[Alouicious Dobbs]] 9/23/2000 - 9/22/2009 (1 Vendémiaire, CCIX; 5 Sans-Culottide CCXVII) (2 Terms)
*[[Nouvelle Cournouaille]]: [[Johannes Yager]] 9/23/2005 - 9/22/2010 (1 Vendémiaire CCXIV; 5 Sans-Culottide, CCXVIII)
*[[Saint-Louis]]: [[Hilary Rodham Claintaun]] 9/23/2004 - 9/23/2011 (20 Fructidor, CCXII; 5 Sans-Culottide, CCXVIX)
*[[Nouvelle Navarre]]: [[Nefi Ivarsson]] 9/23/1998 - 9/22/2012 (1 Vendémiaire, CCVII; 5 Sans-Culottide, CCXX) (2 Terms)
*[[Nouvelle Gaulle]]:  [[Benct Olaf Norbin]] 9/23/2007 - 9/22/2014 (1 Vendémiaire, CCXVI; 5 Sans-Culottide, CCXXII)
*[[Saint-Onge]]: [[Marie Landrieu]] 9/23/2008 - 9/22/2015 (1 Vendémiaire CCXVII -- 5 Sans-Culottide CCXXIII)


&lt;!--
== Past Prefects, listed by date ==
*[[Fridrich L. Haal]], [[Osage]] (1 Vendémiaire CLXIII, 5 Sans-Culottide CLXIX)
*[[Guillaume-Henri Avérain]], [[Osage]], (1 Vendémiaire CLXX, 5 Sans-Culottide CLXXIV)
*[[Guillaume Henri Claintaun]], [[Saint-Louis (prefecture)|Saint-Louis]], (1 Vendémiaire, CCVI; 20 Fructidor, CCXII)
*[[Jean-Francois Young]], [[Osage]], (CXCVII-CCIII, CCIV-CCIX)
*[[Padrig Maughan]], [[Nouvelle Cournouaille]], (1 Vendémiaire, CCVI; 8 Frimaire, CCXIII)
*[[Albert Didier]], [[Nouvelle Cournouaille]], (12 Frimaire, CCXIII; 5 Sans-Culottide, CCXIII)

--&gt;

== Past Prefects, by Prefecture ==

=== Osage ===
Notable Prefects of Osage are:

*[[Aristide Thorez]], 9/23/1834 - 9/22/1841 (1 Vendémiaire XLIII, 5 Sans-culottide XLIX)
*[[Henri Samuel Truman]], 1945, 9/22/1951 (CLIII, 5 Sans-Culottide CLIX)
*[[Fridrich L. Haal]], (1 Vendémiaire CLX, 5 Sans-Culottide CLXII &amp; 1 Vendémiaire CLXIII, 5 Sans-Culottide CLXIX)
*[[Guillaume-Henri Avérain]], (1 Vendémiaire CLXX, 5 Sans-Culottide CLXXIV)
*[[Marc-Albert Mitterand]]
*[[Jean-Francois Young]], (CXCVII-CCIII, 1 Vendémiaire  CCIV - CCIX)

''see also: [[Prefects of Osage]].''

===Nord===
*[[Bernard DuBloix]], 9/24/1835, 9/22/1842 (1 Vendémiaire XLIV, 5 Sans-culottide L)

=== Nouvelle Cournouaille ===
*[[Cédric Michel]], (1 Vendémiaire, CXCIX; 5 Sans-Culottide, CCV)
*[[Padrig Maughan]], 9/23/1997 - 10/18/2005 (1 Vendémiaire, CCVI; 8 Frimaire, CCXIII)
*[[Albert Didier]], (12 Frimaire, CCXIII; 5 Sans-Culottide, CCXIII)

=== Nouvelle Gaulle ===

*[[Pierre Godbehère]] xx/xx/xxxx - 9/22/2001 (X X, X; 5 Sans-Culottide, CCX)
*[[Geoffroy Gastinois]] 9/23/2001 - 9/22/2007 (1 Vendémiaire, CCXI; 5 Sans-Culottide, CCXV)

=== Saint-Louis ===
*Daniel de Page; 9/23/1834 - 9/22/1839 (1 Vendémiaire XLIII, 5 Sans-culottide XLVII)
*[[Frédéric Rapinat]], (1 Vendémiaire CXCVIII, 5 Sans-Culottide, CCV)
*[[Guillaume Henri Claintaun]], (1 Vendémiaire, CCVI; 20 Fructidor, CCXII)

=== Saint-Onge ===

*Dupré Rousseau; 9/23/1834 - 9/22/1840 (1 Vendémiaire XLIII - 5 Sans-culottide XLVIII)
*Esaïe LeFèvre; 9/23/1840 - 10/12/1843 (1 Vendémiaire XLIX - 19 Vendémiaire LII)
*[[Alexandre Mouton]] 12/1/1843 - 9/22/1846 (9 Frimaire LII - 5 Sans-culottide LV)
*[[Paul Octave Hebert]] 9/23/1847 - 9/22/1853 (1 Vendémiaire LVI- 5 Sans-culottide LXI)
*[[Alexandre Mouton]] 9/23/1854 - 9/22/1855 (1 Vendémiaire LXI - 5 Sans-culottide LXII)
&lt;!--
*1855
*1862
*1869
*1876
*1883
*1890
*1897
*1904
*1911
*1918
*1925
*1932
*1939
*1946
*1953
*1960
*1967 --&gt;
*[[Serge Mouchart]] 9/23/1974 - 9/22/1996 (1 Vendémiaire CLXXXIII; 5 Sans-Culottide, CCIV) (3 Terms)
*[[Gilles DuBois]] 9/23/1996 - 9/22/2002 (1 Vendémiaire, CCV; 5 Sans-culottide CCX) 
*[[Marie-Claire Gildersleeve]] 9/23/2002 - 9/19/2006 (1 Vendémiaire CCXI - 2 Sans-Culottide CCXIV)
*[[Jerôme Baldi]] 9/20/2006 - 9/23/2008 (2 Sans-culottide CCXIV - 5 Sans-Culottide, CCXVI)


See Also:  [[Political Parties of Louisianne]]

[[Category:Prefects of Louisianne|*]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Padrig Maughan</title>
    <id>842</id>
    <revision>
      <id>58565</id>
      <timestamp>2009-03-23T18:01:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;'''Padrig Maughan'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|'''Order:'''|| 14th ''Prefect of Nouvelle Cournouaille''
|-
|'''Term of Office:'''|| 1 Vendémiaire, CCVI (23 September, 1997) - 8 Frimaire, CCXIII (MMDD/2005)
|-
|'''Predecessor:'''|| [[Cédric Michel]]
|-
|'''Successor:'''|| [[Albert Didier]]
|-
|'''Date of birth:'''|| 30 Ventôse CLXVIII (March 21, 1960)
|-
|'''Date of death:'''|| ''None''
|-
|'''Place of birth:'''|| [[Dordogne]], [[Nouvelle Cournouaille]], [[Louisianne]]
|-
|'''Profession:'''|| Politician, Bureaucrat
|-
|'''Political Party:'''|| Free Republicans (Républicains Libres)
|-
|'''Relgious Affiliation:'''|| [[Catholicism|Catholic]]
|}


Padrig Maughan is of Cournouaillian extraction, and holds to his ancestry very strongly.  While he is a [[Catholicism|catholic]], he has strong ecological leanings, harking to his ancestral [[An Graveth]] participation.  Prior to serving as Prefect, Maughan served as regional director for the ''Agence de Protection Ecologique''.  He has served well as [[Prefects of Louisianne|Prefect]] of [[Nouvelle Cournouaille|New Cornwall]], and oversaw the purchase of a small spit of land from [[Tejas]].  Maughan would have been up for re-election in CCXIII (2005).

Mr. Maughan resigned however to head up the ''Agence Ecologique Nationale'' in response to Arsenic poisoning from the new mines in the Département of [[Alpes-Argentés]].  He nominated [[Albert Didier]] as his replacement, who was accepted as the candidate.  Mr. Maughan proceeded to lobby the National Assembly and the Parliament of Nouvelle Cournouaille to implement stringent controls on the mining companies, which were quickly adopted.

Following the Furacano that destroyed [[New Orleans]] Maughan abandoned his membership of the [[Political Parties of Louisianne|Législateurs de la Moralité Chrétienne]].  Days after he renounced membership, he was re-accepted into the Républicains Libres.


{{prefectbox|[[Cédric Michel]]|Fnc.jpg|Nouvelle Cournouaille|[[Albert Didier]]}}

[[Category:Prefects of Louisianne|Maughan, Padrig]]
[[Category:Nouvelle Cournouaille|Maughan, Padrig]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Albert Didier</title>
    <id>843</id>
    <revision>
      <id>58559</id>
      <timestamp>2009-03-23T17:59:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;'''Albert Didier'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|'''Order:'''|| 15th ''Prefect of Nouvelle Cournouaille''
|-
|'''Term of Office:'''|| 12 Frimaire, CCXIII (MMDD/2005); 5 Sans-Culottide, CCXIII (09/22/2005)
|-
|'''Predecessor:'''|| [[Padrig Maughan]]
|-
|'''Successor:'''|| [[Johannes Yager]]
|-
|'''Date of birth:'''|| ()
|-
|'''Date of death:'''|| ''None''
|-
|'''Place of birth:'''|| X, X, [[Nouvelle Cournouaille]], [[Louisianne]]
|-
|'''Profession:'''|| Politician, 
|-
|'''Political Party:'''|| Christian Conservative Legislators  (Législateurs de la Moralité Chrétienne)
|-
|'''Relgious Affiliation:'''|| [[Catholicism|Catholic]]
|}

Albert Didier is a former party boss of the Parti Républicain Libre, PRL, but has been deeply entrenched in the Législateurs de la Moralité Chrétienne. When [[Padrig Maughan]] resigned his position to head up the investigation for Arsenic poisoning in the Rivière du Sang, Albert Didier was tapped as his replacement.  His nomination was confirmed in the few days following.

M. Didier is a questionable character and many in the Council question him as a replacement.

M. Didier was involved heavily in past campaigns for [[Marc-Albert Mitterand]], and is thus his public career is clouded with questions of graft.  Many outside of [[Louisianne]] say that his nomination is just proof that the government will never rise above the graft and corruption of its ancestors.

A heavy race has been fought for the seat of the Prefecture on the Council.  The actual vote will come in about a fortnight's time.  Currently, M. Didier was leading the polls by a small margin, but on 13 Fructidor CCXIII (31 August, 2005) allegations surfaced that M. Didier had visited Jaime Bush, ex-leader of [[Florida-Caribbea]], and that blasting caps stolen from mining sites in the [[Alpes-Argentés]] had been used in the destruction of levees in [[New Orleans|Nouvelle Orleans]].

{{prefectbox|[[Padrig Maughan]]|Fnc.jpg|Nouvelle Cournouaille|[[Johannes Yager]]}}


[[Category:Nouvelle Cournouaille|Didier, Albert]]
[[Category:Prefects of Louisianne|Didier, Albert]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tejas</title>
    <id>844</id>
    <revision>
      <id>58725</id>
      <timestamp>2009-04-04T13:07:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Geoff</username>
        <id>193</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>city list, map</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=Reyno de Tejas&lt;br&gt;Kingdom of Tejas}}
{{image infobox|file=Tejas flag.png|caption=Flag of Tejas}}
{{lang1 infobox|language=[[Castilian]]|others=German?, Lithuanian?}}
{{cities infobox|capital= Santa Fe|largest=|other= San Antonio, Houston, Guachita, Corpus Christi, [[Ciudad Las Vacas]], Oneyda, Resaca La Palma, El Paso, Cimarron, Pueblo}}
{{ruler2 infobox|title=Monarch|name=[[Juan Carlos of Tejas|Juan Carlos]]}}
{{ruler2 infobox|title=Prime Minister|name= Ricardo Perry}}
{{independence infobox|from=[[Mejico]]|dec_date=1828|rec_date=never, reconquered in 1835}}
{{independence infobox|from=[[Mejico]]|dec_date=1840|rec_date=1857}}
{{currency infobox|currency=1 peso = 8 reales = 96 dobles}}
{{organization infobox|organization=none}}
{{close infobox}}

==General information==
==Administration==
===Government===
Tejas is a constitutional monarchy.  Its legislature is called Congress.  For further details consult [[Government of Tejas]].

===Administrative Divisions===
Four provinces: Carancagua (east), Apache (west), Guadalajara (central), Guichita (northeast).
==History==
The first '''República de Tejas''' was a short-lived experiment in non-monarchical government founded in the 1828 as a reaction of the Mejican Creole aristocracy against both the liberal policies of the Kingdom of [[Castile and Leon]] and the Indian insurrection in [[Mejico]] once the Mechicas had get control of most Mejican territory and where moving north towards New Mejico and Tejas.  In 1833 Mejico defeated the Tejians and claim Tejas as a Mejican province.

The '''Reino de Tejas''' can be seen as a return to a more traditional and common form of government and was founded in the 1840s during the [[Mejico|Mejican]] civil war. At that time, it was a kingdom (1844-1898); but at times the government swayed between the presidency, which is really a form parlimentary monarchy or dictatorship, (1898-1904), a republic (1904-1909), and then back to monarchy (1909-1970), and then to a series of military juntas and civilian dictatorships (1970-2003). Until the discovery of oil and helium reserves, Tejas was a sparsely populated country of ranchers and cowboys, competing for land with the native Indios. The wealth of Tejas has grown considerably due to its oil and other natural resources. It is a member of OPEC (Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries) and HPC (Helium Producers Consortium). The recently deposed dictator of Tejas was [[Jorge Bush|Jorge Walker Bush]] (1988-2003). The present head of state is King Juan Carlos (born 1983, reign 2007- ).

The recent invasion of [[Alta California]] on the part of Tejas led to an unexpectedly rapid counterinvasion by allied forces of [[Alta California]] and [[Mejico]]. The latter overran Tejas from the south, capturing more than three quarters of the country. It was thought that Tejan strongman, Jorge Bush, fled the country on the eve of the fall of the capital Santa Fé in a fleet of dirigibles headed for [[Florida-Caribbea|Florida]] or [[Cuba]]. This was later proven to be true, as Floridian president Jaime Bush complied with extradiction requests from Mejico.

After the war, all internal and external functions of government were in the hands of the [[Mejico|Mejican]] &quot;Oficina de Ocupación Militar de Tejas&quot;, whose term was set to expire on 1 July, 2003 with the coronation of the heir to the Tejan throne. Unhappily, with the recent instability in [[Florida-Caribbea]] (the Caribbean Plan and the [[Cruzan Islands|Cruzan]] Referendum), the coronation was put off til September. The heir, Doña Maria Gabriella Fürsten zu Solms-Braunfels, was crowned at the Cathedral of Santa Fé, Tejas, on September 11, 2003. Mejican president Vicente Lobos presented the new monarch with a ceremonial deed to the domain of Tejas. While left unspoken amid the festivities, Lobos also presented to the new monarch a wartorn and restless land in much need of healing. A long-time resident of the NAL, the queen has secured the friendship of that American power and has been at the head of the campaign to reform the Tejan government with American help.

The line of succession of the Fürsten zu Solms-Braunfels follows, into which a certain family of disaffected Franco-Louisianan nobility married, direct-line descendents of Louis XV, disenfranchised heirs to Louisiannan principality, and [[France|French]] Royalty, thus lending further credibility to a Tejan royal family. 

Ferdinand (d. 1783) - Prince of Solms, Lord of Braunfels, Grafenstein, Münzenberg, Wildenfels, and Sonnenwalde was the ancestor of Tejas's first king, Carl. Friedrich Wilhelm (1770-1814) was Ferdinand's son and heir, and his descendants continue as electors of the Holy Roman Empire to this day. 

Until the discovery of oil and helium reserves, Tejas was a sparsely populated country of ranchers, cowboys and plantation owners, competing for land with the native Indios. The wealth of Tejas has grown considerably due to its oil and other resource wealth. It is a member of [[COPEN]] (Community of Petrol-Exporting Nations) and HPC (Helium Producers Consortium). 

===Rulers of Tejas:===
&lt;!-- {| align=right
| http://www.bethisad.com/pic_prince_carl.jpg
|-
| align=center | &lt;small&gt;''Prince Karl''&lt;/small&gt;
|} --&gt;
* ''[[Karl I of Tejas|Karl]]'' (1812-1875; r. 1844-1875) - son of Friedrich; entered the Tejan revolution with a private army and founded the Kingdom of Tejas; married the daughter of Louisiannan nobility, Marie-Josephine le Moyne, daughter of Henri Le Moyne, Prince of Louisianne and a direct-line descendent of Louis XV. He envisioned Tejas as the &quot;New Fatherland on the other side of the ocean&quot;, and advertised for immigrants from [[Germany]]. 

* ''Wilhelm Ernst'' (1839-1891; r. 1875-1891) 

* ''[[Georg Friedrich of Tejas|Georg Friedrich]]'' (1863-1940; r. 1891-1898) 

* ''José Felipe Gutierrez'' seizes power and declares himself President (r. 1898-1904)

&lt;i&gt;Gutierrez is deposed and a republic is formed. A series of weak governments plunges Tejas into turmoil; the monarchy is restored amidst cries for reform and stabilisation.&lt;/i&gt;

* ''Georg Friedric''h (r. 1909-1940). 

* ''Maria Luisa'' (1904-1985; r. 1940-1970) - daughter of Georg Friedrich 

Recession and war with Mejico prompt the military to form a coup. Several violent and short-lived military dictatorships eventually fail when the Anglo civilian bureaucrat [[Jorge Bush|Jorge &quot;George&quot; Bush]] seizes control in 1988. Rational at first, his rule is marred by increasingly bitter struggle with Alta California and sour relations with Mejico. Amidst allegations of war crimes, he is deposed by invading Mejican forces and flees to Florida-Caribbea. Jorge is not well received by his brother Jaime, the President of Florida, on account of his country's troubles with imminent war. Jaime deports Jorge to Mejico where he is tried of war crimes and executed.

* ''Maria Gabrielle'' (1908-2007 ; r. 2003-2007) - youngest daughter of Georg Friedrich, crowned at Santa Fé in 2003. Maria's son Felipe Heinrich (1932-1966) is the father of crown prince Don Hans Georg (1957- ) and Don Infante Jorge Emanuel (1961- ).  She died of complications to pneumonia in June, 2007.

* ''[[Juan Carlos of Tejas|Juan Carlos]]'' Louis Felippe Fürsten zu Solms-Braunfels (1983- ; r. 2007- ) is the son of Hans Georg.  His great-grandmother's will, approved by the new Tejan Congress, stipulated the popular young man as her heir. 

Towns such as Neue Braunfels and Carlshafen reflect the German heritage still much in evidence in Tejas. Names of cities like Paįlankys, Žemumai, Bizoniškis shows the Lithuanian heritage (see [[Lithuanian colonies]]).

==Geography==
===Borders===
North and East: [[Louisianne]].&lt;br&gt;
West: [[Alta California]].&lt;br&gt;
Southwest: [[Mejico]].&lt;br&gt;
Southeast: Gulf of Mejico.&lt;br&gt;

===Map===
[[Image:Tejas_map.PNG]]

==Economy==
...
==Culture==
The majority of the population is composed of Tejanos, a broad spectrum of Iberian aristocracy, a large mestizo landed gentry and middle class. There are also large groups of Indios (Natives) and smaller minorities of Germans, Louisiannans, Americans and Lithuanians. The latter groups live mostly along the coast and the transportation mainlines that connect Mejico and Louisianna. While the Lithuanians were granted self rule to settle in Tejas in the 20s as per agreement between the Tejan king and the Foundation of Emergency Lithuania, that grant is no longer in force. All descendents of those early &lt;i&gt;Lituanos&lt;/i&gt; are now full Tejan citizens. &lt;i&gt;See [[Lithuanian colonies]] for more information.&lt;/i&gt;

[[How to tell if you're Tejan]]...

===Languages===
[[Castilian]] is the official language. Minority languages are also spoken in the barrios while the [[Felipia|Felipese]] of the South East speak their own language very similar to Castilian.

===Religion===
Primarily Roman Rite [[Catholicism]]. Many Indios have retained their traditional religions or else practice both.

[[Category:Nations in North America]]
[[Category:Tejas|*]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nouvelle Cournouaille</title>
    <id>845</id>
    <revision>
      <id>59849</id>
      <timestamp>2009-06-10T18:01:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Geography */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=La Préfecture de la Nouvelle Cournouaille&lt;br&gt;Prefecture of New Cornwall}}
{{image infobox|file=Fnc.jpg|caption=Flag of {{PAGENAME}} }}
{{motto2 infobox|motto=''L'Industrie est agréable à Dieu''}}
{{sub infobox|nation=[[Louisianne]]}}
{{cities infobox|capital=[[Chambéon]]|largest=[[Zarahemla]]|other=Roanne, Romans-sur-Platte, Provost}}
{{lang2 infobox|official=[[Francien]], [[Narbonosc]]|others=English, [[Riksmål|Scandinavian]]}}
{{ruler infobox|title=Préfet|name=Johannes Yager}}
&lt;!--{{area infobox|area=AREA}}
{{population infobox|population=POPULATION|adjective=ADJECTIVE}}--&gt;
{{establishment infobox|year=1906|reason=Decree of the National Assembly}}
{{close infobox}}

The '''Prefecture of New Cornwall''' was created in 1906 by decree of the National Assembly, splitting the former [[Préfecture du Nord|Prefecture of the North]] into the Prefecture of New Cornwall and the Territory of Navarra.

[[Category:Sub-National Entities]]

==Administration==


===Administrative Divisions===
Nouvelle Cournouaille is divided into five ''départements'', [[Dordogne]], [[Alpes-Rocheuses]], [[Alpes-Argentés]], [[Rocheuses]] and [[Daquota]].


==History==
Settled initially by the Cournouaillians of [[France]], the population of Nouvelle Cournouaille was later nearly doubled by a mass migration of [[Mormonism|Mormon]] emigrants who settled in the west of the Préfecture.  

A land purchase in an CCXII has elongated the Western Borders of [[Louisianne]], creating the Département of ''Alpes-Argentés'', and allowing for growth in the downhill ski resorts.  One of which, Tremble, or Aspen, has been bought by Roberto Redford, [[Alta California| Alta-Californian]] emigré to [[Oregon]], who now has his sights set on developing and ecotopic ski-resort, and possibly a film festival.  

Recent news has revealed that this land purchase may have been a move to secure more silver for the Louisiannan Coffers.

==Geography==
[[Image:Newcornwallmap.jpg|thumb|200px|right|A detailed map of Nouvelle Cournouaille]]
[[Image:Ncorn.jpg|thumb|150px|A map of Louisianne, showing Nouvelle Cournouaille]]

===Borders===
{{PAGENAME}} is limited by:
*North: [[Nouvelle Navarre]]
*West: [[Nouvelle Gaulle]], [[NAL-SLC|The NAL]]
*South: [[Tejas]]
*East: [[Alta California]]

==Economy==
Historically, Nouvelle Cournouaille has been the center for mining, and ranching.  In recent years, tourism has become a growth industry, as has mining with the silver in the [[Alpes-Argentés]].  Johannes Yager promised in his election campaign to bring other industries to Nouvelle Cournouaille to complement the large number of highly educated persons.

==Culture==
One of [[Louisianne|Louisianne's]] renowned colleges is [[The College of Joseph and Brigham|Joseph and Brigham]] the [[Mormonism|Mormon]] owned school with a student body of nearly 30,000 students, a great many of them international students from the [[NAL-SLC]] and [[Oregon]].  The [[University of New Cornwall]] is involved in research and is internationally renowned for its contribution to computing sciences.

[[Category:Nouvelle Cournouaille]]


{{LouisianneAdmin}}

[[Category:Louisianne]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Political Parties of Louisianne</title>
    <id>846</id>
    <revision>
      <id>58048</id>
      <timestamp>2009-03-05T20:30:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Like many nations in our world, Louisianne is a multi-party system, often leading to coalition governments.  Contained here are a list of notable present and past parties.

[[Image:Lapolitics.png|thumb|250px|right|Graph of party members of present and former Major &amp; Minor Parties]]
Within the last decade the two major parties, the People's Voice of Louisianne ([[Political_Parties_of_Louisianne#People.27s_Voice_of_Louisianne_.28V.P.L..29|VPL]]) and the Free Republican Party ([[Political_Parties_of_Louisianne#Parti_R.C3.A9publicain_Libre_.28P.R.L..29|PRL]]) have both fallen from power, in what pundits have declared the most peaceful political revolution the west has seen since the creation of the [[North American League]].

Political Analysts are suggesting that with the slip of numbers for the Free Republicain's numbers, they could easily lose control of the government, should the Luthériens Démocratiques Populaires (LDP) become disaffected.  If the LDP, Loi Naturel and People's Ecotopic Party were to unify under a coalition, their numbers would outstrip the Free Republican's majority in the Assembly.  As of the 2008 election, any schism between the LDP and RL would result in a potential LN/PEco majority, with two very large minority parties.

==Notable Louisiannan Political Parties==

For perspective nationwide, total seats in the National Assembly sits currently at 450 seats (1 Representative per 50,000 ''citoyens'', with one observer from the Pays-Lointains).

==Major Parties==

==== Free Republicans (R.L.) ====

Playing on the 'République Louisiannais', the Républicains Libre, or Free Republicans are a typically Moderate Conservative party, leaning to responsible environmental controls, growth, and family values.  '''Current: 150 Seats'''

*Adherents: [[Jean-Francois Young]], [[Alouicious Dobbs]], [[Geoffroy Gastinois]], [[Nefi Ivarsson]], [[Marie-Claire Gildersleeve]], [[Padrig Maughan]],  [[Johannes Yager]], [[Jerôme Baldi]].

==== Luthériens Démocratiques Populaires (L.D.P.) ====

The LDP is a Moderate Liberal party, with similar goals to the RL, which explains the ease with which they meld in the current coalition government.  Also, note that LDP supported Jean-Francois Young, as he himself was [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]].  '''Current: 89'''

*Adherents: [[Hilary Rodham Claintaun]], [[Guillaume Henri Claintaun]], [[Richard Alouicious Gépard]].

==== Loi Naturelle ====

Loi Naturelle is the 3rd most powerful party, though currently on the outs in the present administration.  [[Benct Olaf Norbin]], of [[Nouvelle Gaulle]] is the leading figure and looked to rival [[Jean-Francois Young]] in the 2007 election.  With Young's assassination and the call to election early, Norbin is not favored, as he has not truly begun campaigning nationwide.  Had Young not been assassinated, the election was predicted to be very intense.

A quote from Norbin on Young's policies: &quot;Why do we need to pay almost 50 million écus on tanks? Who do we have to fear? We have no overseas empire to protect, most of our neighbors are friendly, Tejas has been neutralized, and Alta California's got no reason to attack us, either. Now that Tejas is peaceful, it's time to reduce our military budget, not increase it,&quot;

While the Loi Naturelle lost the First-Presidential election, Norbin won in his bid for the Prefecture of New Navarre by a very narrow margin.  '''Current: 85 Seats'''

Adherents: [[Benct Olaf Norbin]], [[Marie Landrieu]]

==== Le Parti Ecotopique (PEco) ====

A Parti based on the Ecotopic ideals of [[Oregon]], [[Al-Basra]] and [[Ireland|Cork]].  Moved from a Minor to Major parti with the elections of CCXV (September 2006).  '''Current: 75 seats'''
* Adherents:[[Emmelot Brock]], Sous-Prefect of [[Loire-Neuf]].

== Minor Parties ==
Minor Parties in Louisianne receive official acknowledgment and are featured on the ballots, however there is no government protection offered to their members unless elected to political office.  A Minor Party must register at the Prefectoral Parliaments or with the National Assembly and pay a registration fee.  Minor Parties are any number of elected and unelected officials up to 59 public office holders claiming party Allegiance.  After the elections in 2008, there were no official Minor Parties.

== Margin Parties ==
Margin Parties in Louisianne sometimes receive official acknowledgment and placed on the ballots after other parties.  No protection is offered unless elected to national political office.  A Margin Party must register at the Prefectoral Parliaments or with the National Assembly and pay a registration fee and ballot fee.  Margin Parties are any number of elected and unelected officials up to 20 public office holders claiming party Allegiance.

==== Children of the Revolution (ER) ====

A militant, anti-monarchist party.  Some would argue that the CR are actually just a front for the Deseretan Mormons who seek Anarchy in the region.  These are unsubstantiated rumors.  The Children of the Revolution are mostly known for their efforts to disrupt the ''Action Française.''
Most of the leadership has, at one time or another, been imprisoned for acts against other political parties and figures.  '''Current: 2 Seats'''

==== Droit et Droite (DD) ====

Founded in 2009 by [[Chretien de Beurre]] and [[Mistralle Aigline]], the party Droit et Droite (Laws and Rights/Right) is a conservative/ultra-conservative group built on the principles of the right of judeo-christian theology to influence politics including legislation to &quot;help&quot; the general population &quot;live better lives.&quot;  It is unknown as yet what influence or following this party will attain.  '''Current: 0 Seats'''

==== Démocratie Libérale (DL) ====
Liberal Democracy (Démocratie Libérale, DL) is a margin party, advocating liberalism.  It is currently lead by Party Directeur Madelaine Alainot.  Démocratie Libérale can be seen as a political outgrowth of the Loi Naturelle.  While a good number of the party vote with the Loi Naturelle on many issues, the Démocratie Libérale often only serves to weaken LN in national elections.  Schismed in 2007 elections, with 2 MPs siding with the Parti Ecotopique '''Current: 3 Seat'''

==== Front National (FN) ====

A sister party to the [[France|French]] party of the same name.  The Louisiannan [[Front National (Louisianne)|Front National]] claims Jean-Marie Le Pen as their founder, and claims their party foundation as 1972, however official records state it as being in 1992.  Unlike the FN of France which often lobbies for a more stronger central govnerment in Paris, the FN of Louisianne directs its efforts at strengthening the control of the Council and First-President, often voting in support of legislation that will give increased political power to [[Paris-sur-Mizouri]].

Declaring itself to be &quot;right&quot;, most analysts would classify the Front National and their aims as being far or extreme right.  Claims of racism against the Front National are often lobbied by minorities, especially the Amerindiens of [[Nouvelle Navarre]].
'''Current: 15 Seats'''

==== Populist Party (PP) ====
A 'farm' party, the Populist Party appeals mostly to the laborers and farmers of the central  prefectures.  It is very often partisan in coalition governments of RL or LDP.  In the 2007 election seven MP's defected to the LDP.  '''Current: 16 Seats'''

*Adherents: Michel Huckabée

==== Parti Républicain Libre (P.R.L.) ====

A former national party, the PRL once held sway in politics across the country.  Between the scandals of [[Marc-Albert Mitterand]] and his other cronies, the Louisiannan people have had their fill and voted them out of office entirely in last year's elections (August 2003).  This year (August 2004) a handful of representatives were elected to Parliaments.  '''Current: 3 Seats'''

*Adherents: [[Marc-Albert Mitterand]], [[Gilles DuBois]]

==== People's Voice of Louisianne (V.P.L.) ====

A pro-Socialist party, the VPL tends to appeal to radicals of all kinds.  While in 2002 this party was growing in strength, ever since the Ribeira Affair it has fallen steadily in the polls, losing 50 of 104 nationwide parliamentary seats in 2004's elections, down from a previous high of 140.  This of course pales in comparison to the nearly 250 seats that were lost immediately following the Ribeira Affair.  Had Ribeira not been involved in the scandal, it was forseeable that VPL would unseat RL or LDP as second most powerful party in the nation.

This party is vocally supported by [[Geoffrey Sessions|MP Sessions]] of the [[NAL-SLC]], at least some of the time, as it frequently advocates union with the NAL instead of remaining autonomous.  '''Current: 5 Seats'''

*Adherents: [[Alberto Ribeira]]

==== Législateurs de la Moralité Chrétienne (LMC) ====

Playing to the [[IB Religion|religious]] crowd, the LMC or Christian Conservative Legislators has been appealing to those in the LDP who are disaffected with the slide against values that they hold dear.  This party while originally strengthened by the defection of Padrig Maughan from the Républicains Libre has fallen precipitously in the polls and last election, as incumbent Albert Didier was unseated, and other MP's lost their seats as well.  Some attribute this to rumors about Didier's past, others about Maughan's defection to the Republicains Libres.  '''Current: 0 Seats'''

*Adherents: [[Albert Didier]]

==== Ligue Communiste Révolutionnaire (LCR) ====
The Revolutionary Communist League (Ligue communiste révolutionnaire) (LCR) is a Trotskyist political party, and  is the Louisiannan section of the United Secretariat of the Fourth International.  It publishes the weekly newspaper ''Rouge'' and the journal ''Critique Communiste''.  Founded in 1974 after other communist parties were banned in 1973.  It merged with Lutte Ouvrière in 1983.  Current Spokespersons are Giles Besancenot and Rose-Aline Krivette.  '''Current: 7 Seats'''

==== Silly Party ====

With only two members, the Silly Party has yet to garner any votes, but the national media delights in interviewing them because of the non-sequitors that are thrown out in regular conversation by the members.

== Historical / Defunct Political Parties ==

====Les Louisiannais de la Liberation====
The &quot;Liberators of Louisianna&quot; were a party backed by the [[Priondragas Syndicate]], lead by Thomas Priondragas and is suspected to have had links with the [[Pegre]].

====Les Tigres Noirs====

A fervent party centered around (mostly college) students, this [[Anti-Snorist Movement|Anti-SNOR]] Party was a New Orleans-based group of radicals who also advocated violence but--evidently--never engaged in such of any consequence. But they formed into an actual political party in 1982. The group disbanded in 1994.  For a time, they were highly notorious.

==== Le Mouvement Républicain et Citoyen (M.R.C.) ====

Former Party which held great power during the mid 20th-century.  Fell from grace and was banned following Serge Mouchard's term as prefect.

==== Le Parti Paysan ====

The political party of many early Louisiannan [[First Presidents of Louisianne|First Presidents]].  This party advocated a Louisianne governed locally, with a focus on securing a stable future.  Founded by [[André Bienvenu Roman]].

==== Action Française ====

This Party was banned by Decree of the National Assembly following the assassination of Jean-François Young.

The ''[[Action Francaise|Action Française]]'' is a [[France|French]] Monarchist movement and periodical founded by [[Maurice Pujo]] and [[Henri Vaugeois]] and whose principal ideologist was [[Charles Maurras]].

It was founded in 1898 in France during the [[Dreyfus Affair]], partly in reaction to the left wing revitalisation that was happening around the defense of the army captain. Originally a Republican organisation which attracted many [[nationalism|nationalist]] figures such as [[Maurice Barrès]], under the influence of Maurras it became monarchist, following the earlier ideas of [[Joseph de Maistre]].

Since its inception in Louisianne following the [[Second Great War]], the Action Française has been a prominent proponent of [[integralism|integral nationalism]], which regarded the nation as an organic entity of blood and soil.  It is heavily supported in Louisianne through indirect means by the Neo-Francien government.

Prior to the assassination of Jean-Francois Young, no major candidates were adherents to this party, however there were representatives in all departmental parliaments and some in the Assembly were partisans of this party.  It reportedly approached several of the major candidates, attempting to sway them to their party, but none joined.  The party was disbanded by Council decree in late 2006.

==Political Bosses and Powerbrokers==
For much of the 20th century (''les années CX à CXC'') Louisianne was run in part by political bosses, or power-brokers who exerted a behind the scenes influence to get officials elected within Louisianne.  Some were simply people controlling leaders who would give them business contracts, others were pursuing criminal activity.  All were doing so illegally.

Notable among them are:

* The [[Priondragas Syndicate]] centered in [[Mizouri]], [[Osage]], but who had one of the farthest reaching political machines.
* [[Turlough ó Duinn]], who worked in [[Nouvelle Gaulle]]&lt;sup&gt;[[Wikipedia:Tom Dennison (political boss)|1]]&lt;/sup&gt;
* [[Drauzin Angelle]], whose work focused on [[Saint-Onge]]&lt;sup&gt;[[Wikipedia:Drauzin Angelle|2]]&lt;/sup&gt;
* [[Hughes Long]], Prefect for Saint-Onge, but rival of Drauzin Angelle&lt;sup&gt;[[Wikipedia:Huey Long|3]]&lt;/sup&gt;
* [[Leon Henri Perez]], working in the south of St. Onge.&lt;sup&gt;[[Wikipedia:Leander Perez|4]]&lt;/sup&gt;
* [[Martin Behrman]] is sometimes considered a boss, focusing primarily on [[New Orleans]]&lt;sup&gt;[[Wikipedia:Martin Behrman|5]]&lt;/sup&gt;

==Current Divisions==

Numbers in this graph are the number of seats held in the Louisiannan National Assembly, as of the ''jour d'investissement'' or Investiture Day, which takes place the 1e Brumaire, equating to the 23rd or 24th of October.  If asterisks are used, they are tentative election results, and not the actual seated numbers.

{| {{prettytable}} cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 width=450
|- bgcolor=#cccccc 
! Party !! L !! C !! R !!2001!!2002!!2003!!2004!!2005!!2006!!2007!!2008
|- bgcolor=purple
! colspan=&quot;12&quot; | &lt;font color=white&gt;Major Parties&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| '''[[Political_Parties_of_Louisianne#Free_Republicans_.28R.L..29|RL]]''' |{{r}}  |{{r}} X |{{r}}  |{{r}} 71 |{{r}} 108 |{{r}} 116 |{{r}} 132 |{{r}} 139 |{{r}} 162 |{{r}} 160 |{{r}} 150
|-
| '''[[Political_Parties_of_Louisianne#Luth.C3.A9riens_D.C3.A9mocratiques_Populaires_.28L.D.P..29|LDP]]''' |{{r}}  |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} 33 |{{r}} 43 |{{r}} 48 |{{r}} 59 |{{r}} 57 |{{r}} 87 |{{r}} 95 |{{r}} 89 
|-
| '''[[Political_Parties_of_Louisianne#Loi_Naturelle|LN]]'''  |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}}  |{{r}} 61 |{{r}} 76 |{{r}} 82 |{{r}} 78 |{{r}} 79 |{{r}} 65 |{{r}} 66 |{{r}} 85 
|-
| '''[[Political_Parties_of_Louisianne#Le_Parti_Ecotopique_.28PEco.29|PEco]]''' |{{r}} X |{{r}}  |{{r}}  |{{r}} 10 |{{r}} 15 |{{r}} 19 |{{r}} 18 |{{r}} 18 |{{r}} 60 |{{r}} 65 |{{r}} 75 
|-
|- bgcolor=blue
! colspan=&quot;12&quot; | &lt;font color=white&gt;Minor Parties&lt;/font&gt;
|- bgcolor=green
! colspan=&quot;12&quot; | &lt;font color=white&gt;Margin Parties&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| '''[[Political_Parties_of_Louisianne#Front_National_.28FN.29|FN]]''' |{{r}}  |{{r}}  |{{r}} '''X''' |{{r}} 6 |{{r}} 9 |{{r}} 13 |{{r}} 18 |{{r}} 16 |{{r}} 18 |{{r}} 18 |{{r}} 15
|-
| '''[[Political_Parties_of_Louisianne#Populist_Party_.28PP.29|PP]]''' |{{r}}  |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} 17 |{{r}} 19 |{{r}} 22 |{{r}} 18 |{{r}} 27 |{{r}} 27 |{{r}} 20 |{{r}} 16
|-
| '''[[Political_Parties_of_Louisianne#Action_Fran.C3.A7aise|AF]]''' |{{r}}  |{{r}}  |{{r}} '''X''' |{{r}} 23 |{{r}} 25 |{{r}} 29 |{{r}} 30 |{{r}} 25 |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} -
|-
| '''[[Political_Parties_of_Louisianne#Children of the Revolution|ER]]''' |{{r}}  |{{r}}  |{{r}} '''X''' |{{r}} - |{{r}} 2 |{{r}} 1 |{{r}} 3 |{{r}} 3 |{{r}} 7 |{{r}} 5  |{{r}} 2
|-
| '''[[Political_Parties_of_Louisianne#D.C3.A9mocratie_Lib.C3.A9rale_.28DL.29|DL]]''' |{{r}} '''X''' |{{r}}  |{{r}}  |{{r}} 1 |{{r}} 3 |{{r}} 2 |{{r}} 5 |{{r}} 6 |{{r}}  3 |{{r}}  3 |{{r}}  3
|-
| '''[[Political_Parties_of_Louisianne#Parti_R.C3.A9publicain_Libre_.28P.R.L..29|PRL]]''' |{{r}}  |{{r}} X |{{r}}  |{{r}} 77 |{{r}} 27 |{{r}} - |{{r}} 4 |{{r}} 3 |{{r}} 4 |{{r}} 4 |{{r}} 3
|-
| '''[[Political_Parties_of_Louisianne#People.27s_Voice_of_Louisianne_.28V.P.L..29|VPL]]''' |{{r}} '''X''' |{{r}}  |{{r}}  |{{r}} 140 |{{r}} 112 |{{r}} 104 |{{r}} 54 |{{r}} 29 |{{r}} 5 |{{r}} 4 |{{r}} 5
|-
| '''[[Political_Parties_of_Louisianne#L.C3.A9gislateurs_de_la_Moralit.C3.A9_Chr.C3.A9tienne_.28LMC.29|LMC]]''' |{{r}}  |{{r}}  |{{r}} '''X''' |{{r}} 3 |{{r}} 2 |{{r}} 3 |{{r}} 15 |{{r}} 35 |{{r}}  2 |{{r}}  1 |{{r}} -
|-
| '''[[Political_Parties_of_Louisianne#Ligue_Communiste_R.C3.A9volutionnaire_.28LCR.29|LCR]]''' |{{r}} '''X''' |{{r}}  |{{r}}  |{{r}} 7 |{{r}} 8 |{{r}} 10 |{{r}} 15 |{{r}} 12 |{{r}} 9 |{{r}} 8  |{{r}} 6
|-
|-|}

[[Category:Louisianne]]
[[Category:Government]]
[[Category:Political Parties]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jean-François Young</title>
    <id>847</id>
    <revision>
      <id>58675</id>
      <timestamp>2009-03-31T17:23:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Public Service and Prefectoral Administration */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;'''Jean-François Young'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|'''Order:'''|| 18th ''Premier Président'' &lt;br&gt; 23rd ''Prefet'' of Osage
|-
|'''Term of Office:'''|| 1 Vendémiare, CCIX (23 September, 2000) - 11 Fructidor CCXIV (August 28, 2006)
|-
|'''Predecessor:'''|| [[Marc-Albert Mitterand]]
|-
|'''Successor:'''|| [[Marie-Claire Gildersleeve]]
|-
|'''Date of birth:'''||9 Prairial CLXVIII (29 May, 1960)
|-
|'''Date of death:'''|| 11 Fructidor CCXIV (August 28, 2006)
|-
|'''Place of birth:'''||Colignève, [[Osage]], [[Louisianne]]
|-
|'''Place of death:'''||[[Lyons-sur-Mizouri]], [[Osage]], [[Louisianne]]
|-
|'''Profession:'''|| Lawyer, Navy Officer, Politician
|-
|'''Political Party:'''|| Free Republicans (Républicains Libres)
|-
|'''Relgious Affiliation:'''|| [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]]
|}

Jean-François began serving as [[First Presidents of Louisianne|First-President]] of Louisianne on September 23, 2000.  His current term was scheduled to elapse on September 17, 2006.  Seen as a reformer of a nation that is hopelessly corrupt by some, as an enlightened man leading a benighted country into the new millenium.

=Biography=
Many deterrents would have you believe that Jean-François Young is descended of Brigham Young, second prophet of the [[Mormonism|Mormons]].  This is not so.  

Born 9 Prairial CLXVIII (29 May, 1960) to [[Rolf Wilhelm Klein|Will Young]] (whose father, upon arriving in [[Louisianne]] changed his family's last name to 'fit-in') and Marie-Alphonse Colnet, Jean-François Young was raised in the quiet [[Paris-sur-Mizouri]] suburb of Colignève.  His parents were devout Lutherans, a growing minority at the time of their relocation to [[Louisianne]].

Jean-François Young excelled in his school work and was quickly inducted into the Navy, where he served honorably, commanding a number of coast-guard ships.

On 28 Prairial CXCII (June 17, 1984), Jean-François Young was married to [[Anaïs Michelle Bouvier]], daughter of a prominent Louisiannan Senator.  They have four children: [[Jean-François Young, Fils|Jean-François, Fils (Frankie)]], 26; Anne-Laure, 23; Richard Alphonse, 20, and Karl Christophe, 17.

== Public Service and Prefectoral Administration ==
After his release from military service, he ran for, and achieved a seat in the [[Osage]] Parliament in an CXCIV (1985/1986).  After serving for an unprecedented 3 years he was elected as Préfect (CXCVII, 1989/1990) and served on the National Council until the death of President [[Marc-Albert_Mitterand| Mitterand]] in Pluviôse, CCVIII (January/February 2000). Young was elected for two terms, but the second term was finished for him by [[Alouicious Dobbs]].

He was recalled to the [[Osage]] Parliament where he served as party leader until the [[Louisianne_Government#Louisiannan_Election_Process|national elections]] for First President were held and he was elected to fill the void left by Mitterand.

==First-Presidential Administration==
[[Image:jfy.jpg|thumb|150px|President Young's inaugural picture]]

In the course of his presidency he has revalued the [[L'Argent Louisiannais|Louisiannan Currency]], gained increased faith in the local economy at home and abroad, restored the Pays-Lointains from [[Florida-Caribbea]], and built trade with nations around the world.

President Young has favored space ventures, and seems highly interested in possible applications of them.  On 22 Thermidor, CCXII (10 August, 2004) President Young announced the formation, with [[Japan]], of [[ATOE]], and the creation of a space race.  President Young is not only focused on Louisiannan goals, but has also looked to aid the world, as he promised in his speech earlier this year.  Most recently (22 Vendémiaire, CCXIII - October 14, 2004) he announced the formation of the [[Regiment of Peace|Régiment de la Paix]], an international organization, funded in part by Louisianne for the benefit of humanity at large.

Recent news has brought question of his financial ethics, as well as his apparently endless pockets.  While he has brought to light the fact of silver mines in the newly acquired mountain areas of [[Nouvelle Cournouaille]], and the mining in [[Nouvelle Navarre|Les Noirraines]], there remain glaring questions about Young's monetary policy.  Some would suggest that he is indebted to some form of organized crime.

Rumors suggest that Young has been approached by the [[Action Francaise]], but at this time they are unsubstantiated.

President Young established firm trading agreements with the Tiger economies of the East Asia, including the creation of ATOE with [[Japan]].  President Young was also involved in the establishment of the [[Saint-Domingo|Empire of Saint-Domingo]], the first time since the birth of Louisianne as a nation that it has cooperated with [[New Francy]].

In January of 2006 President Young accompanied a delegation of doctors to the affected territories of [[Alta California]] to redress the wrongs by the Arsenic poisoning caused by mining in the [[Alpes-Argentés]].  While there, an assassination attempt was made on his life, which he said was something that comes with the territory.  Young was unharmed.

==Louisiannan Transformation==
One of the major changes in the Louisiannan image has been brought in part by Young's wife, Anaïs Michelle Bouvier Young.  In Ventôse of CCXIII (early March 2005) Mme. Young lead a tour of the First President's residence and held frank interviews with news media from across the globe, putting a human face on the reformation movement sparked by her husband.

Most have viewed this change in a positive light, but as always, there have been detractors, noteably the MP from the other side of the Mississippi.

Young's push for this transformation has been one of his political goals since he came into public life.  When not conducting the National Council or involved with international affairs, M. Young can often be found in meetings with the young people of [[Louisianne]], encouraging them to get involved in politics and make a better nation.

==Assassination==
Young and [[Empress Gacudai|Empress Gacudai]] of [[Japan]] were both shot and killed on 28 August, 2006 in [[Lyons-sur-Mizouri]] by assassin(s).  The investigation was inconclusive. &lt;sup&gt;[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/conculture/message/27006][http://groups.yahoo.com/group/conculture/message/27007]&lt;/sup&gt;
While there were initial conflicts about his time of death, it has been confirmed that he died at 12:40, LST.

A novel was written about events just following the Assassination, based on the large number of conspiracy theories.  It is being published by [[Editions St.-Julien, S.A.|Éditions S&lt;sup&gt;t&lt;/sup&gt;-Julien, S.A.]].  Advance copies can be purchased by contacting them or by contacting the [[User Talk:BoArthur|author]].

{|align=center border=1 cellpadding=3 style=&quot;background:#eeeeee&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;[[Marc-Albert Mitterand]] 
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|[[Image:La-national.png|50px]]&lt;br&gt;'''[[Leadership of Louisianne]]'''
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Succeeded by:&lt;br&gt;[[Marie-Claire Gildersleeve]]
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Jean DuFrêne]]'''
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|[[Image:Fos.jpg|50px]]&lt;br&gt;'''[[Prefects of Louisianne|Prefect of Osage]]'''
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Succeeded by:&lt;br&gt;[[Alouicious Dobbs]]
|}


[[Category:Louisianne|Young, Jean-Francois]]
[[Category:Prefects of Louisianne|Young, Jean-Francois]]
[[Category:First Presidents of Louisianne|Young, Jean-Francois]]
[[Category:Osage|Young, Jean-Francois]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Osage</title>
    <id>848</id>
    <revision>
      <id>59845</id>
      <timestamp>2009-06-10T17:40:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Administration */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=La Préfecture d'Osage&lt;br&gt;Prefecture of Osage}}
{{image infobox|file=Fos.jpg|caption=Flag of {{PAGENAME}} }}
{{motto2 infobox|motto=Live Free, Wa Zha Zhe}}
{{sub infobox|nation=[[Louisianne]]}}
{{cities infobox|capital=[[Toulouse]]|largest=[[Lyons-sur-Mizouri]]|other=Ouatchita, Salève, Ouverlin}}
{{lang2 infobox|official=[[Francien]], [[Narbonosc]]|others=English, Castilian}}
{{ruler infobox|title=Préfet|name=[[Alouicious Dobbs]]}}
&lt;!--{{area infobox|area=AREA}}
{{population infobox|population=POPULATION|adjective=ADJECTIVE}}--&gt;
{{establishment infobox|year=1830|reason=Decree of National Assembly}}
{{close infobox}}

Stradling the great plains of North America, Osage is home to the most fertile farm-land of [[Louisianne]].  Through the city of [[Toulouse]] much international trade flows, and the major hubs of [[CFL]] pass through this Préfecture on their way to the northern lands, giving Osage its nick-name of &quot;The Doorway to Louisianne&quot;.
[[Category:Sub-National Entities]]

==Administration==

Osage has its Prefectoral Capital Zone at [[Toulouse]], and nearly encompasses the Zone Capitale de la République, [[Paris-sur-Mizouri]].

===Administrative Divisions===
Administratively, Osage is divided into four Départements; [[Aurillac]], [[Garonne-Neuve]], [[Terre Platte]], and [[Mizouri]], as well as the Zone Capitale of Paris-sur-Mizouri.

==History==
The Prefecture of Osage was created in 1830 following the 1828 war that took [[New Orleans|Nouvelle Orléans]] temporarily from [[Louisianne]].  With the creation of the préfecture also came the moving of the Capital further north and away from the disputed mouth of the Mississippi.  Osage was named after the Native American people, the ''[[Wa-zha-zhe]]'', or Children of the Middle Water.

==Geography==
[[Image:Osagecities.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Detailed map of Osage, showing major cities]]
[[Image:Osage.jpg|thumb|150px|A map of Louisianne, showing Osage.]]

===Borders===
{{PAGENAME}} is limited by:
*North: [[Nouvelle Gaulle]], [[NAL-SLC]] 
*West: [[Nouvelle Cournouaille]], [[Tejas]]
*South: [[Tejas]]
*East: [[Saint-Louis (prefecture)|Saint-Louis]]

==Economy==
Economic interests of Osage have here-to-fore been mostly farming and ranching, although there is some petrochemical production near the [[Tejas|Tejan]] border.  

The [[Japan]]ese company [[Miçubixi]] is selling its automobile interests to [[Dorris Motorworks]] after protracted negotiations.  Key investors are reviewing funding for a motorized-carriage plant to begin domestic construction of Miçubixi vehicles.  Also, a Bio-engineering start-up is experimenting with ways to mass produce potatoes in order to boost production, and thus increase Louisiannan exports to the world.  Other, more established agriculture firms are greatly pushing their various iterations of soybeans.

==Culture==


{{LouisianneAdmin}}

[[Category:Louisianne]]
[[Category:Osage]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Guillaume Henri Claintaun</title>
    <id>849</id>
    <revision>
      <id>58558</id>
      <timestamp>2009-03-23T17:58:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;'''Guillaume Henri Claintaun'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|'''Order:'''|| 24th ''Prefect of Saint-Louis''
|-
|'''Term of Office:'''|| (23 September, 1996 - September 10, 2004)
|-
|'''Predecessor:'''|| [[Frédéric Rapinat]]
|-
|'''Successor:'''|| [[Hilary Rodham Claintaun]]
|-
|'''Date of birth:'''|| 9 Vendémiaire CLI (1 October, 1942)
|-
|'''Place of birth:'''||[[Le Caillou]], [[Saint-Louis (prefecture)|Saint-Louis]], [[Louisianne]]
|-
|'''Date of death:'''|| 20 Fructidor, CCXII (September 13, 2004)
|-
|'''Place of death:'''||[[Saint-Louis]], [[Saint-Louis (prefecture)|Saint-Louis]], [[Louisianne]]
|-
|'''Profession:'''|| Lawyer, Politician
|-
|'''Political Party:'''|| Free Republicans (Républicains Libres)
|-
|'''Relgious Affiliation:'''|| [[Catholicism|Catholic]]
|}

== Biography ==

Guillaume Henri Claintaun would often play tricks with his cousin [[William Josiah Clinton]] when, as teens they would pose as the other.  Guillaume was often mistaken for William's older brother, and the family resemblance is uncanny.

== Prefectoral Administration ==

[[Image:Ghclaintaun.jpg|thumb|200px|Inaugural Portrait of Guillaume Henri Claintaun]]

Served as the Prefect of Saint-Louis until the recent election concluded.  Was the husband to [[Hilary Rodham Claintaun]].  Claintaun had proven himself to be a capable administrator and had been a very successful member of the [[Jean-Francois Young|Young Coalition]].  During his administration he had successfully balanced the budget, and payback of Prefectoral debts was beginning.

When M. Claintaun came to office the Port Authorities of [[Saint-Louis (prefecture)|Saint-Louis]] were being very poorly managed, and much of the revenue that was possible was being squandered.  Through careful appointments of Dockmasters, M. Claintaun helped build Louisiannan business, increasing trade with the [[NAL-SLC|North American League]] and other nations around the world.

It was through this increased trade and his careful orchestration of politics with a cooperative Parliament body that M. Claintaun was able to balance the budget of Saint-Louis, to the point of repaying Prefectoral debts.

Mme. Claintaun defeated him in his bid for re-election, and some believe that the shock of this is what caused his death on 20 Fructidor, CCXII.  Despite rumors of misconduct, M. Claintaun was not nearly the filanderer that his cousin was.


{|align=center border=1 cellpadding=3 style=&quot;background:#eeeeee&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;[[Frédéric Rapinat]] 
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|[[Image:Fsl.jpg|50px]]&lt;br&gt;'''[[Prefects of Louisianne|Prefect of Saint-Louis]]'''
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Succeeded by:&lt;br&gt;[[Hilary Rodham Claintaun]].
|}

[[Category:Prefects of Louisianne|Claintaun, Guillaume Henri]]
[[Category:Saint-Louis|Claintaun, Guillaume Henri]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hilary Rodham Claintaun</title>
    <id>850</id>
    <revision>
      <id>58553</id>
      <timestamp>2009-03-23T17:56:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;'''Hilary Rodham Claintaun'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|'''Order:'''|| 25th ''Prefect of Saint-Louis''
|-
|'''Term of Office:'''|| 1 Vendémiaire, CCIX (23 September, 2004) - Present
|-
|'''Predecessor:'''|| [[Guillaume Henri Claintaun]]
|-
|'''Successor:'''|| ''None''
|-
|'''Date of birth:'''|| 3 Brumaire CLVI (XX)
|-
|'''Place of birth:'''||[[Le Caillou]], [[Saint-Louis (prefecture)|Saint-Louis]], [[Louisianne]] &lt;!--
|-
|'''Date of death:'''|| 20 Fructidor, CCXII (September xx, 2004)
|-
|'''Place of death:'''||[[Saint-Louis]], [[Saint-Louis (prefecture)|Saint-Louis]], [[Louisianne]] --&gt;
|-
|'''Profession:'''|| Lawyer, Politician
|-
|'''Political Party:'''|| Luthériens Démocratiques Populaires
|-
|'''Relgious Affiliation:'''|| [[Catholicism|Catholic]]
|}

Born 3 Brumaire CLVI, some would say that Hilary lives up to the name of her month with her stormy disposition.  Born in Columbie, Les Plaines, [[NAL-SLC|NAL]], the Rodhams moved to [[Paris-sur-Mizouri]] when Hilary was a mere 4 years old.  Interestingly, she is related via her father to the NAL politician [[Diane Rodham]].

Mme. Claintaun is most famous for her quote during her husband, [[Guillaume Henri Claintaun]]'s campaign.  &quot;Life is a mixture of many roles.  We must do the best we can to find the right balance, whatever it is in our own life.  For me, that equilibrium is my family, my work and my service.&quot;  This quote was re-used in her campaign as she unseated her husband in 2004's election.

Speaking of her pending service as Prefect she said, &quot;The challenge now is to practice politics as the art of making what appears to be impossible, possible.&quot;
[[Image:Hilary Clainton.JPG|thumb|Hilary Rodham Claintaun]]
Prior to her political service, Mme Claintaun advised the Louisiannan Children's Protection Fund.  She married Guillaume in late CLXXXIII.  Hilary continued to practice law in Le Caillou while her husband served as Prefect of [[Saint-Louis (prefecture)|Saint-Louis]], but threw her hat in the ring against other candidates and one in a clear-cut victory.

With the death of her husband, Mme Claintaun assumed leadership of [[Saint-Louis (prefecture)|Saint-Louis]] ten days earlier than foreseen.


{|align=center border=1 cellpadding=3 style=&quot;background:#eeeeee&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;[[Guillaume Henri Claintaun]] 
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|[[Image:Fsl.jpg|50px]]&lt;br&gt;'''[[Prefects of Louisianne|Prefect of Saint-Louis]]'''
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Succeeded by:&lt;br&gt;''Incumbent''.
|}

[[Category:Prefects of Louisianne|Claintaun, Hilary Rodham]]
[[Category:Saint-Louis|Claintaun, Hilary Rodham]]
[[Category:Incumbents|Claintaun, Hilary Rodham]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Saint-Louis</title>
    <id>851</id>
    <revision>
      <id>58601</id>
      <timestamp>2009-03-25T19:25:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Stloucity.jpg|thumb|150px|A map of Louisianne, showing the Saint-Louis.]]

Founded by Pierre Laclede and Auguste Chouteau in 1764 under direction of Prince Jean-Baptiste.  This settlement was chosen specifically for its proximity to the waterways that would serve as the life blood of the city.  Seeking to honor the King, Laclede named it Saint-Louis.  This new settlement took under its wing the monastic &lt;i&gt;Ordre de la Pureté&lt;/i&gt;, which had been established two years prior.

From this time the city has grown.  In the early 1800's levees of stone were built to allow the new river boats to dock, thus further increasing the trade capacity of the city, bringing it to be [[Louisianne|Louisianne's]] second metropolis.

==History==

Prior to the arrival of French explorers in 1673, the area that would become Saint-Louis was a major center of the Mississippian Mound Builders, up and down the Mississippi. The presence of numerous mounds, now somewhat destroyed in the area of Saint-Louis, earned that city the nickname of &quot;Mound City.&quot; Settlements in the prefecture were initially geared toward wine-making and viticulture, but later expanded into farming and trading with natives.

The major cities grew first along the banks of the Mississippi river, a more reliable route for trade than by land. It also became a gateway for trade and immigration from the NAL-SLC, some by stagecoach and others up the Mizouri River.

European exploration of the area began nearly a century before the city was officially founded. Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette, both French, traveled through the Mississippi River valley in 1673. Five years later, La Salle claimed the entire valley for France. He called it Louisiana after King Louis XIV; the French also called their region Illinois Country. In 1699, the French built a settlement across the river at Cahokia, near the monumental Cahokia Mounds complex. Other early settlements were downriver at Kaskaskia, Prairie du Pont, Fort de Chartres, and Sainte Genevieve. In 1703, Catholic priests established a small mission at what is now Saint Louis. The mission was later moved across the Mississippi, but the small river at the site (now a drainage channel near the southern boundary of the city of St. Louis) still bears the name Rivière Des Peres (River of the Fathers).

In 1764, Pierre Laclède, his 13-year-old &quot;stepson&quot; Auguste Chouteau, and a small band of men traveled up the Mississippi from New Orleans. In November, they landed a few miles downstream of the river's confluence with the Mizouri River at a site where wooded limestone bluffs rose 40 feet above the river. The men returned to Fort de Chartres for the winter, but in February, LaClede sent Chouteau and 30 men to begin construction. The settlement was established on February 15, 1765.

The settlement began to grow quickly after word arrived that the 1763 Treaty of Paris had given England all the land east of the Mississippi. Frenchmen who had settled to the river's east moved across the water to &quot;Laclede's Village.&quot; Other early settlements were established nearby at Saint Charles, Carondelet (now a part of the city of St. Louis), Fleurissant (now Florissant), and Portage des Sioux. In 1765, the French made Saint-Louis the capital of Upper Louisiana.

From 1766 to 1768, St. Louis was governed by the French lieutenant governor, Louis Saint Ange de Bellerive.

==Economy==

Saint-Louis is home to the Dorris Motorworks, producer of the Dorris car-line.  This line originally ran a line of &quot;Saint-Louis&quot; cars, however this line fell from popularity and has been discontinued.  Currently [[Dorris Motorworks]] is paving the way to abandonment of fossil fuels in favor of renewable resources, focusing on uses in private automobiles.  Dorris Motorworks has also branched into work with [[CFL|Chemin de Fer Louisiannais]], and has a branch that works specifically toward these renewable resources.  Among these renewable resources are Hydro-electric dams being built/rebuilt in the Ozarques Mountains in the Southwestern portion of the province.

[[Dorris Motorworks]] negotiated a production plant in the [[Japan|Empire of Japan]], and received it after a year.

Saint-Louis is also home to the [[Brasserie Bavaroise, S.A.]], the largest beer brewer in the world, and is a major source of strength in the local economy.

As a gateway to Louisianne, Saint-Louis holds annually the [[Saint-Louis Foire Agricole]] where the agricultural and agri-business interests of Louisianne gather to meet with the different interests of the NAL and other nations.  Attendance in the Foire Agricole has grown steadily since the 1950's, and has grown from an event a few days in length to a two week affair.

[[Category:Louisianne]]
[[Category:Saint-Louis]]

{{LouisianneAdmin}}</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Guillaume-Henri Avérain</title>
    <id>852</id>
    <revision>
      <id>58023</id>
      <timestamp>2009-03-04T18:42:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;'''Guillaume-Henri Avérain'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|'''Order:'''|| 15th ''Premier Président''
|-
|'''Term of Office:'''|| 1 Vendémiaire CLXXIV - 30 Fructidor CLXXX
|-
|'''Predecessor:'''|| [[Henri Samuel Truman]]
|-
|'''Successor:'''|| [[Eugene Pascal Edouard]]
|-
|'''Date of birth:'''||23 Thermidor CXIX (August 11, 1911)
|-
|'''Date of death:'''|| 15 Floréal CXCIII (May 5, 1985)
|-
|'''Place of birth:'''||Waloonia, [[Osage]], [[Louisianne]]
|-
|'''Profession:'''|| Lawyer, Politician, CEO Real Oil Co.
|-
|'''Political Party:'''|| Republican Free Party (Parti Républicain Libre)
|-
|'''Relgious Affiliation:'''|| [[Catholicism|Catholic]]
|}


Guillaume-Henri Avérain was born 23 Thermidor CXIX (August 11, 1911) in Waloonia, [[Osage]], [[Louisianne]] (just north-east of Abilène).

Prior to being elected to the Prefectoral Parliament, Avérain was a businessman and a stockman.  

From CLIX until CLXIII he served in the People's House, but following a vacancy in the House of Lords, then Prefect Fridrich L. Haal extended a grant of trust to him, bringing Avérain a step higher in the government.  He served as a member of the House of Lords from that time until elected Prefect to replace Fridrich L. Haal, serving from CLXIX (1960) to CLXXV (1966).  When First President [[Henri Samuel Truman| Truman]] announced that he would not seek re-election, Averain immediately threw his hat in the ring.  

Campaigning against Jens Koracz of [[Nouvelle Navarre]] and many other minor candidates for the seat, Avérain fought an uphill struggle.  It was later discovered that Koracz was using funding from [[Deseret]] rebel groups to increase his campaign.

Historians at this time doubt the veracity of these allegations.  Some would even go so far as to suggest that it was Avérain who in fact was receiving bribes from the Deseretans.  However, because Deseret is and was so unreliable for information, this is most likely to remain the realm of conspiracists.

Elected after a landslide victory, Avérain served one term as First President from 1 Vendémiaire CLXXIV - 30 Fructidor CLXXX.    After his political days had finished, Avérain placed his business interests in the growing oil development in Louisianne and was, until his death, president of the Entreprise Réele du Pétrole.  He died 15 Floréal CXCIII (5/5/1985)


{{infobox office |
office = [[Leadership of Louisianne]] |
flag   = la-national.png |
predecessor = [[Henri Samuel Truman]] |
successor   = [[Eugene Pascal Edouard]]
}}


{{prefectbox|[[Fridrich L. Haal]]|Fos.jpg|Osage|[[Franz P. Bretin]]}}

[[Category:Prefects of Louisianne|Averain]]
[[Category:First Presidents of Louisianne|Averain]]
[[Category:Osage|Averain]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Alouicious Dobbs</title>
    <id>853</id>
    <revision>
      <id>62904</id>
      <timestamp>2009-10-14T22:41:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;'''Alouicious Dobbs'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|'''Order:'''|| 24th ''Prefect of Osage''
|-
|'''Term of Office:'''|| 1 Vendémiaire, CCIX (23 September, 2000) - 5 Sans-Culottides, CCXVII (22 September, 2009)
|-
|'''Predecessor:'''|| [[Jean-François Young]]
|-
|'''Successor:'''|| [[Claire Miquasquille]]
|-
|'''Date of birth:'''|| 9 Vendémiaire CLI (1 October, 1942)
|-
|'''Date of death:'''|| ''None''
|-
|'''Place of birth:'''||Le Caillou, [[Saint-Louis (prefecture)|Saint-Louis]], [[Louisianne]]
|-
|'''Profession:'''|| Lawyer, Economist, Politician
|-
|'''Political Party:'''|| Free Republicans (Républicains Libres)
|-
|'''Relgious Affiliation:'''|| [[Catholicism|Catholic]]
|}

Alouicious Dobbs has been an economist, a bureaucrat in the Banque Nationale, and now serves as Prefect of [[Osage]].  It's because of his conservative immigration/emmigration policies that [[Louisianne|Louisiannan]] industry has flourished, as he's lobbied for and implemented grants and low-interest loans for inventors, as well as tax-breaks for companies willing to relocate to Osage.

== Biography ==


== Prefectoral Administration ==

[[Image:Aloudobbs.jpg|thumb|200px|Inaugural Portrait of Alouicious Dobbs]]

Dobbs began his term of office when [[Jean-François Young]] was elected [[First Presidents of Louisianne|First-President]] after the death of [[Marc-Albert Mitterand]] in 2000.  Dobbs served for the remaining two years of Jean-François Young, and then in 2002 (an CCXI) he was elected in his own right to serve as Prefect of [[Osage]].

Prefect Dobbs has brough much manufacturing to the cities of Osage, and has been pivotal in negotiations involving [[Dorris Motorworks|Dorris Motorworks']] 2005 merger with Miçubixi Motors.

An economic downturn in the NAL-SLC in 2008 produced an increased demand for Louisiannan goods given that they often sell for a lesser price than similarly made NAL goods.  Dobbs lobbied successfully to his constituents to allow a tax-break for any industries relocating to Osage.

In 2009, Dobbs announced his retirement from public service following the election later that year.


{|align=center border=1 cellpadding=3 style=&quot;background:#eeeeee&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;[[Jean-François Young]] 
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|[[Image:Fos.jpg|50px]]&lt;br&gt;'''[[Prefects of Louisianne|Prefect of Osage]]'''
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Succeeded by:&lt;br&gt;[[Claire Miquasquille]]
|}

[[Category:Prefects of Louisianne|Dobbs, Alouicious]]
[[Category:Osage|Dobbs, Alouicious]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Saint-Onge</title>
    <id>854</id>
    <revision>
      <id>58453</id>
      <timestamp>2009-03-19T19:28:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[Category:Saint-Onge]]

{{start infobox|name=La Préfecture de Saint-Onge&lt;br&gt;Prefecture of Saint-Onge}}
{{image infobox|file=fno.jpg|caption=Flag of {{PAGENAME}} }}
{{motto2 infobox|motto=''Laissez les bontemps rouler''}}
{{sub infobox|nation=[[Louisianne]]}}
{{cities infobox|capital=[[Baton Rouge]]|largest=[[New Orleans]]|other=Vienne-le-Port, Hammond, Natchitoches, Shrèveport}}
{{lang2 infobox|official=[[Francien]], [[Narbonosc]]|others=English, [[Castilian]], Swedish}}
{{ruler infobox|title=Préfet|name=[[Marie Landrieu]]}}
{{area infobox|area=154,382 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;}}
{{population infobox|population=3,675,976|adjective=}}
{{establishment infobox|year=1820-40|reason=''de facto''}}
{{close infobox}}

Saint-Onge was once Nouvelle Orleans, but changed names once returned to Louisianne from the North American League following the [[1828 War]].

[[Category:Sub-National Entities]]

==Administration==
===Administrative Divisions===
The Prefecture of Saint-Onge is divided into four départements; [[Loire-Neuf]], [[Côte de Châtaigne]], [[Pont-Chartrain]], [[La Salle]].

==History==
[[Image:Stong.jpg|thumb|150px|A Map showing the location of Saint-Onge.]]

Originally the name-sake of her nation, after St. Onge was taken from [[Louisianne]] forcibly by the [[NAL-SLC|NAL]] in the War of 1828, it was decided that a clean break from past embarassments was needed.  Upon recession by NAL was thus given the name St. Onge in honor of one of the original settlers of the region.

La Salle was originally the popular choice, but after an ad campaign by amerindians against the 'amerindian killer,' the name was dropped in favor of Michel St. Onge, catholic father, beneficiary to the amerind peoples.

The prefecture resides in Baton Rouge, where the capital was rebuilt after the prefectoral buildings of Nouvelle Orléans were destroyed in the war of 1828.

==Geography==
Largely silt from the muddy Mississippi river, Saint-Onge also has some rolling hills in the northern section, leading up to the Ozarques.  The coastal regions fluctuate over the years depending on the route of the Mississippi and the sediment that it leaves.  The underlying strata of the state are of Cretaceous age and are covered by alluvial deposits of Tertiary and post-Tertiary origin. A large part of Saint-Onge is the creation and product of the Mississippi River. It was originally covered by an arm of the sea, and has been built up by the silt carried down the valley by the great river.

Near the coast, there are many salt domes, where salt is mined and oil is often found.

[[Image:Saintongemapsm.JPG|thumb|right|Map of Saint-Onge]]Owing to the moderate flood control measures along the Mississippi river and to natural subsidence, Saint-Onge is now suffering the loss of coastal land area. Prefectoral and national government efforts to halt or reverse this phenomenon are under way; others are being sought.

The surface of Saint-Onge may properly be divided into two parts, the uplands, and the alluvial coast and swamp regions. The alluvial regions, including the low swamps and coast lands, cover an area of about 52,000 km²; laying principally along the Mississippi River, which traverses from north to south for a distance of about 1,000 km and ultimately emptying into the Gulf of Mexico, the Loire Neuf, the Ouatchita River and its branches, and other minor streams. The breadth of the alluvial region along the Mississippi is from 15 to 100 km, and along the other streams it averages about 15 km. The Mississippi flows upon a ridge formed by its own deposits, from which the lands incline toward the low swamps beyond at an average fall of 3 m/km. The alluvial lands along other streams present very similar features. These alluvial lands are never inundated save when breaks occur in the levees by which they are protected against the floods of the Mississippi and its tributaries. These floods, however, do not occur annually, and they may be said to be exceptional. With the maintenance of strong levees these alluvial lands would enjoy perpetual immunity from inundation.

The uplands and contiguous hill lands of the north and northwestern part of the state have an area of more than 65,000 km², and they consist of prairie and woodlands. The elevations above sea-level range from 3 metres at the coast and swamp lands to 15-18 metres at the prairie and alluvial lands. 

Besides the navigable rivers already named (some of which are called bayous), there is the Sabine River forming the western boundary, and the Perl or Pearl forming the eastern boundary.  Also are the Calcasieu, the Mermentau, the Vermilion, the Bayou Teche, the Atchafalaya, which is really a branch of the Mississippi, the Boeuf, the Bayou Lafourche, the Courtableau, the Bayou D'Arbonne, the Macon, the Tensas, the Amitie, the Tchefuncte, the Tiquepha, the Natalbany, and a number of other streams of lesser note, constituting a natural system of navigable waterways, aggregating over 4,000 miles in length, which is unequalled in the rest of Louisianne or the North American continent.  The Prefecture also has 1,060 square miles (2,745&amp;nbsp;km²) of land-locked bays, 1,700 square miles (4,400&amp;nbsp;km²) of inland lakes, and a river surface of over 500 square miles (1,300&amp;nbsp;km²).

===Topography===
====Borders====
{{PAGENAME}} is limited by:
*North: [[Les Ozarques]],[[Saint-Louis (prefecture)|Saint-Louis]]
*West: [[Tejas]]
*South: Gulf of Mexico
*East: Mobile Province, [[NAL-SLC]].

&lt;!--===Climate===
Louisiana has a [[humid subtropical climate]], perhaps the most &quot;classic&quot; example of a humid subtropical climate of all the Southeastern states, with hot summers and mild winters. The subtropical characteristics of the state are due in large part to the influence of the [[Gulf of Mexico]], which even at its farthest point is no more than a couple hundred miles away. Precipitation is frequent throughout the year, although the summer is slightly wetter than the rest of the year, and there is a dip in precipitation in October. Summers in Louisiana are among the most oppressively hot and humid in the United States with high temperatures from mid-June to mid-September averaging 90 °F or more and overnight lows averaging over 70 °F. In the summer, the extreme maximum temperature is much warmer in the north than in the south, with temperatures near the [[Gulf of Mexico]] very rarely reaching 100 °F. In northern Louisiana, temperatures can reach above 105 °F in the summer. Temperatures are generally mildly warm in the winter with highs around New Orleans, Baton Rouge, the rest of south Louisiana, and the Gulf of Mexico averaging 65 °F, while the northern part of the state has average highs of close to 60 °F. The overnight lows in the winter average well above freezing throughout the state, with 45 °F the average near the Gulf and an average low of around 37 °F in the winter in the northern part of the state. Louisiana does have its share of cold fronts which can drop the temperatures below 20 °F on occasion. Snow is not very common near the Gulf of Mexico, although those in the northern parts of the state can expect one or two dustings of snow per year.

Louisiana is often affected by [[tropical cyclones]] and is very vulnerable to strikes by major [[hurricanes]], especially the low area around and in the [[New Orleans]] area. The area is also prone to frequent thunderstorms, especially in the summer. The entire state averages over 60 days of thunderstorms a year averaging more thunderstorms than any other state except [[Florida]]. Louisiana averages 27 [[tornadoes]] annually, and the entire state is vulnerable to a tornado strike, with the extreme southern portion of the state  slightly less vulnerable than the rest of the state.&lt;ref name= &quot;Annual average number of tornadoes&quot;&gt; [http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/img/climate/research/tornado/small/avgt5304.gif] NOAA National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved on October 24, 2006. &lt;/ref&gt;

===Hurricanes===
*[[September 24]], [[2005]], [[Hurricane Rita|Rita]] (Category 3 at landfall) struck southwestern Louisiana, flooding many southwestern parishes including [[Cameron Parish]] and the city of [[Lake Charles]].  The storm's winds also broke open the already damaged levees in New Orleans, re flooding parts of the city. 

*[[August 29]], 2005, [[Hurricane Katrina|Katrina]] (Category 3 at landfall) struck and devastated southeastern Louisiana, while damaged levees in New Orleans flooded the city. The city was virtually closed until October. It is estimated that more than two million people in the [[Gulf Coast of the United States|Gulf region]] were displaced by the hurricane, with more than 1,500 fatalities in Louisiana alone.  Public outcry criticized the government at the local, state, and federal levels, citing that the response was neither fast nor adequate.   The hurricane and the challenge to protect wetlands are featured in the documentary film [[Hurricane on the Bayou]].
{{further|[[Effect of Hurricane Katrina on Louisiana]] and [[Effect of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans]]}}

*August [[1992]], [[Hurricane Andrew|Andrew]] (Category 3 at landfall) struck south-central Louisiana, killing 4 people, knocking out power to nearly 150,000 citizens and destroying hundreds of millions of dollars of crops in the state.

*[[September 9]], [[1965]], [[Hurricane Betsy|Betsy]] (Category 3 at landfall) came ashore in Louisiana causing massive destruction, being the first hurricane in history to cause one billion dollars in damage (over ten billion in inflation-adjusted USD).  The storm hit New Orleans particularly hard by flooding the city, pushing the death toll in the state to 76.

*August [[1969]], [[Hurricane Camille|Camille]] (Category 5) had a 23.4 ft. storm surge and killed 250 people. Hurricane Camille officially made landfall in [[Mississippi]], not Louisiana and the worst impacts were felt there.

*June [[1957]], [[Hurricane Audrey|Audrey]] (Category 4) devastated southwest Louisiana, destroying or severely damaging 60-80 percent of the homes and businesses from [[Cameron, Louisiana|Cameron]] to [[Grand Chenier]].  40,000 people were left homeless and over 300 people were killed in the state.


===Protected areas===
Louisiana contains a number of areas which are, in varying degrees, protected from human intervention. In addition to several stations of the [[National Park Service]], and a federally recognized [[United States National Forest|national forest]], Louisiana itself operates, among other programs, a system of [[state park]]s and recreation areas throughout the state. Administered by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, the [[Louisiana Natural and Scenic Rivers System]] provides a degree of protection for 48 rivers, streams and bayous in the state.

'''National Park Service'''&lt;br&gt;
Areas under the management and protection of the National Park Service include:
*[[Cane River National Heritage Area]] near Natchitoches
*[[Cane River Creole National Historical Park]] near Natchitoches, Louisiana.
*[[Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve]], headquartered in New Orleans, with units in St. Bernard Parish, Baritaria (Crown Point), and Acadiana (Lafayette)
*[[New Orleans Jazz National Historical Park]]
*[[Poverty Point National Monument]] at Epps, Louisiana.
*[[Saline Bayou]], a national wild and scenic river in northern Louisiana.

'''National Forest'''&lt;br&gt;
*[[Kisatchie National Forest]] is Louisiana's only national forest.

'''State parks and recreational areas'''&lt;br&gt;
Louisiana operates a system of 19 state parks, 16 state historic sites and one state preservation area. 
*see [[List of Louisiana state parks]]
--&gt;

==Economy==
The total gross prefectoral product in 2003 for Saint-Onge was L€875 million, equating to a per capita L€5240, ranking it among the lower third of Louisiannan income brackets.

The principal agricultural outputs include seafood, being the largest producer of crawfish in the world, and if one were to include the [[Pays-Lointains]], would rank several percentage points above the next largest producer. Also produced are cotton, soybeans, cattle, sugarcane, poultry and eggs, dairy products, rice, and the wines of the Loire valley. Its industrial outputs include chemical products, petroleum and coal products, offering a cheaper production costs than NAL refineries and competitive rates against Tejan refineries, and due to the more politically stable environment in Louisianne, Saint-Onge holds a large percentage of the refinery market-share.  Food processing, transportation equipment, paper products, and tourism round out the major industries.  These have all been affected since the detonation of the Floridian nuclear device, however, clean-up is ongoing and the effects are expected to be mitigated in the next 10 years.

==Culture==
&lt;!--[[Image:CreoleFood.jpg|thumb|Dishes typical of [[Louisiana Creole cuisine]].]]
Louisiana is home to many distinct cultures, especially notable are the [[Louisiana Creole people]] and the French-speaking [[Cajun]].

The ancestors of [[Louisiana Creole people|Creoles]] came to Louisiana before the Louisiana Purchase (1803) from Western Europe [[France]], [[Germany]], [[Spain]], and from [[Senegal]] (West Africa) and settled along the major waterways in the State. The blending of these disparate lifestyles is called &quot;Creole&quot; and continued as the dominant cultural, social, economic and political lifestyle of Louisiana well into the 20th century when it would finally be overtaken by the Anglo-American mainstream.

The ancestors of the [[Cajun]]s are the [[Acadians]], a French-speaking people of what are now [[New Brunswick]] and [[Nova Scotia]], [[Canada]]. When the British won the [[French and Indian War]], the British forcibly separated families and evicted them because of their long-stated political neutrality. Most captured Acadians were placed in internment camps in England and the New England colonies for 10 to 30 years. Many of those who escaped the British remained in French Canada. Once freed by England, many scattered, some to France, Canada, Mexico, the Falkland Islands, with the majority finding final refuge in south Louisiana centered in the region around [[Lafayette, Louisiana|Lafayette]] and the LaFourche Bayou country. Until the 1970s, Cajuns were often considered lower class citizens with the term &quot;Cajun&quot; being derogatory. But, once flush with oil and gas riches, Cajun culture, food, music and their infectious &quot;joie de vivre&quot; lifestyle quickly gained international acclaim.

A third distinct culture in Louisiana is that of the ''[[Isleños]]'', who are descendants of [[Canary Islands|Canary Islanders]] who migrated to Louisiana under the Spanish crown beginning in the mid-1770s. They settled in what is modern-day [[St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana|St. Bernard Parish]], where the majority of the Isleno population is still concentrated today.

===Languages===
As of 2000, 91.2% of Louisiana residents age 5 and older speak [[English language|English]] at home and 4.8% speak [[French language|French]]. [[Spanish language|Spanish]] is spoken by 2.5% of the population, [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] is at 0.6% and [[German language|German]] is at 0.2%.

Among the states, Louisiana has a unique culture, owing to its [[French colonisation of the Americas|French colonial]] heritage. While the state has no declared &quot;official language,&quot; its law recognizes both [[English language|English]] and [[French language|French]]. 

There are several unique dialects of both French and English spoken in Louisiana. First, there are two unique dialects of the French language: [[Cajun French]] and [[Louisiana Creole French]]. There are also two unique dialects of the English language:  [[Cajun English]] (a French-influenced variety of English) and what is informally known as [[Yat (New Orleans)|Yat]] (which resembles the [[New York dialect|New York City dialect]], particularly that of Brooklyn).

===Religion===
Like the other Southern states, Louisiana is mostly Protestant; however, there is also a large native Catholic population in the state, particularly in the southern part of the state, which makes Louisiana unique among Southern states. The current religious affiliations of the people of Louisiana are shown in the table below:
*[[Christianity|Christian]] — 80%
**[[Protestantism|Protestant]] — 50%
***[[Baptist]] — 38%
***[[Methodism|Methodist]] — 4%
***[[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal]] — 2%
***Other Protestant &amp;ndash; 16%
**[[Roman Catholicism in the United States|Roman Catholic]] — 30%
**Other Christian — 1%
*Other Religions — 10%
*Non-Religious — 10%

A number of cities in Louisiana are also home to [[Judaism|Jewish]] communities, notably Shreveport, Baton Rouge, and New Orleans.&lt;ref&gt;Isaacs, Ronald H.  The Jewish Information Source Book: A Dictionary and Almanac.  Jason Aronson, Inc., Northvale, NJ, 1993.  p. 202.&lt;/ref&gt;  The most significant of these is the Jewish community of the New Orleans area, with a pre-Katrina population of about 12,000.

===Music===
See [[Music of Louisiana]]
--&gt;


{{LouisianneAdmin}}

[[Category:Louisianne]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nouvelle Navarre</title>
    <id>855</id>
    <revision>
      <id>59867</id>
      <timestamp>2009-06-11T14:29:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* History */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=La Préfecture de la Nouvelle Navarre&lt;br&gt;Prefecture of New Navarra}}
{{image infobox|file=Fnn.jpg|caption=Flag of {{PAGENAME}} }}
{{motto2 infobox|motto=''La Nature Regne''}}
{{sub infobox|nation=[[Louisianne]]}}
{{cities infobox|capital=[[Pamplona (city)|Pamplona]]|largest=[[Pamplona (city)|Pamplona]]|other=Pierre, Gambettaville }}
{{lang2 infobox|official=[[Francien]], [[Narbonosc]], Huttertütsch, and the various Amerind languages|others=English, [[Castilian]], [[Riksmål|Scandinavian]]}}
{{ruler infobox|title=Préfet|name=[[Nefi Ivarsson]]}}
{{area infobox|area=AREA}}
{{population infobox|population=POPULATION|adjective=ADJECTIVE}}
{{establishment infobox|year=1967|reason=Decree of National Assembly}}
{{close infobox}}


[[Category:Sub-National Entities]]

==Administration==


===Administrative Divisions===
It is divided into two ''Départements'', [[Bretagne]], with its capital at Brest and    [[Gascogne]], with the capital at Pamplona.

==History==

Northernmost Prefecture of [[Louisianne]], ''Nova Navarra'', as most of the locals call it, is one of the more eclectic populations in the country, as it houses large numbers of [[Mormonism|Mormon]] immigrants from other nations who have national festivals throughout the summer, including Scandinavian Days and so forth.  The capital is at Pamplona, named after the capital of the Navarran region of [[France]].  Most [[Hutterite]] colonies in Louisianne are found within the borders of Nouvelle Navarre.

It was created in the early 1900's as a territory of Louisianne in  the division of the [[Préfecture du Nord]].  It remained a terriotry until the late 1960's, finally achieving a significant population base for the application to Préfecture status.  Nouvelle Navarre is known for its strong stance on Native American issues.  They have granted the tribes full citizenship rights and, to a large extent, autonomy in internal matters.  Because of this many areas of Nouvelle Navarra are attributed to the various tribes and have not begun to be settled until the last 30 years.

==Geography==
[[Image:Newnavarra.jpg|thumb|250px|right|detailed map of Nouvelle Navarre.]]
Most of Nouvelle Navarre is flat plains, including the area dubbed &quot;The Badlands&quot;.  In the west the Montagnes Rocheuses rise to great heights and are where the headwaters of the Mizouri rise.  Most of Nouvelle Navarre is devoted to agriculture and animal preserve for the great American Bison.

[[Image:Nnav.jpg|thumb|150px|A map of Louisianne, showing Nouvelle Navarre.]]

===Borders===
{{PAGENAME}} is limited by:
*North:[[NAL-SLC]]
*West: [[Oregon]]
*South: [[Nouvelle Cournouaille]]
*East: [[NAL-SLC]]

==Culture==


{{LouisianneAdmin}}
[[Category:Louisianne]]
[[Category:Nouvelle Navarre]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vote of No-Confidence</title>
    <id>856</id>
    <revision>
      <id>20330</id>
      <timestamp>2005-11-22T21:25:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>-cat (Doesn't apply exclusively to LA...)</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">A Vote of No Confidence, also called &quot;Motion of Non-Confidence&quot; is a parliamentary motion traditionally put before a parliament by the opposition in the hope of defeating or embarrassing a government. On rare occasions, it may also be put on the parliamentary order paper by an erstwhile supporter who themselves have lost confidence in the government. The motion is passed or rejected by means of a parliamentary vote.

Typically, when parliament votes No Confidence, or where it fails to vote confidence, a government must either

:1. resign, or
:2. seek a parliamentary dissolution and request a General Election.

[[Category:Government]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>First Presidents of Louisianne</title>
    <id>857</id>
    <revision>
      <id>42099</id>
      <timestamp>2006-09-21T05:09:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">The following is a list of biographies of First Presidents of [[Louisianne]]:

* [[Marie-Claire Gildersleeve]] 3 Sans-Culottide, CCXIV - Present ''(9/20/2006 - Present)''
* [[Jean-Francois Young]] 1 Vendémiare, CCIX - 11 Fructidor CCXIV ''(9/23/2000 - 8/28/2006)''
* [[Marc-Albert Mitterand]] 1 Vendémiaire CLXXXV - 17 Pluviôse CCVIII ''(9/23/1976 - February 6, 2000)'' 
* [[Eugene Pascal Edouard|Eugène Pascal Edouard]] 1 Vendémiaire CLXXXI - 11 Thermidor CLXXXIV ''(9/23/1972 - 7/30/1976)''
* [[Guillaume-Henri Averain|Guillaume-Henri Avérain]] 1 Vendémiaire CLXXIV - 30 Fructidor CLXXX ''(9/23/1965 - 9/17/1972)''
* [[Henri Samuel Truman]] 1 Vendémiaire CLX -  30 Fructidor CLXXIII ''(9/24/1951 - 9/17/1965)''
* [[Frederick Valdemar Erastus Peterson]] 1 Vendémiaire CLIII - 30 Fructidor CLIX ''(9/23/1944 - 9/17/1951)''
* [[Charles Wilhelm Braun]] 1 Vendémiaire CXXXII - 30 Fructidor CLII ''(9/24/1923  9/17/1944)''
* [[Joseph Thomas Robespierre]] 1 Vendémiaire CXXII -30 Fructidor CXXXI ''(9/23/1913 - 9/17/1923)''
* [[Herbert Serge Lallier]] 1 Vendémiaire CXVIII - 13 Prairial CCXXI ''(9/23/1909 - 06/02/1913)''
* [[Ezdras Perin Sauvage]] 1 Vendémiaire CXI - 30 Fructidor CXVII ''(9/23/1902 - 9/17/1909)''
* [[Samuel Dartagnan Mikennrie]] 1 Vendémiaire XC - 30 Fructidor CX ''(9/23/1881 - 9/17/1902)''
* [[François Thibodaux]] 1 Vendémiaire LXXXIII - 30 Fructidor LXXXIX ''(9/23/1874 - 9/17/1881)''
* [[Alexandre Mouton]] 1 Vendémiaire LXXVI - 30 Fructidor LXXXII ''(9/24/1867 - 9/17/1874)''
* [[André Bienvenu Roman]] 1 Vendémiaire LXXII - 30 Fructidor LXXIII ''(9/24/1863 - 9/17/1867)''
* [[Francis Gabriel Fazende]] 1 Vendémiaire LXIX - 27 Floréal LXXI ''(9/23/1860 - 5/17/1863)''
* [[Paul Octave Hebert]]  1 Vendémiaire LXII - 30 Fructidor LXVIII ''(9/23/1853 - 9/17/1860)''
* [[André Bienvenu Roman]] 1 Vendémiaire LV - 30 Fructidor  LXI ''(9/23/1846 - 9/17/1853)''
* [[Armand Beauvais]] 1 Vendémiaire XLI - 30 Fructidor LIV ''(9/23/1832 - 9/17/1846)''

&lt;!--
Indents are non-standard elections.  New terms should have begun on the following years:
*1 Vendémiaire CCIX (9/23/2000) 
* [[Jean-Francois Young]]
*1 Vendémiaire CCII (9/23/1993)
*1 Vendémiaire CXCV (9/23/1986)
*1 Vendémiaire CLXXXVIII  (9/24/1979)
**1 Vendémiaire CLXXXV (9/23/1976)
* [[Marc-Albert Mitterand]]
*1 Vendémiaire CLXXXI  (9/23/1972)
* [[Eugene Pascal Edouard|Eugène Pascal Edouard]]
*1 Vendémiaire CLXXIV  (9/23/1965)
* [[Guillaume-Henri Averain|Guillaume-Henri Avérain]]
*1 Vendémiaire CLXVII  (9/23/1958)
*1 Vendémiaire CLX  (9/24/1951)
* [[Henri Samuel Truman]]
*1 Vendémiaire CLIII  (9/23/1944)
* [[Frederick Valdemar Erastus Peterson]]
*1 Vendémiaire CXLVI  (9/23/1937)
*1 Vendémiaire CXXXIX  (9/23/1930)
*1 Vendémiaire CXXXII  (9/24/1923)
* [[Charles Wilhelm Braun]]
*1 Vendémiaire CXXV  (9/23/1916)
**1 Vendémiaire CXXII (9/23/1913)
* [[Joseph Thomas Robespierre]]
*1 Vendémiaire CXVIII  (9/23/1909)
*[[Herbert Serge Wickert]]
*1 Vendémiaire CXI  (9/23/1902)
*[[Ezdras P. Sauvage]]
*1 Vendémiaire CIV  (9/24/1895)
*1 Vendémiaire XCVII  (9/23/1888)
*1 Vendémiaire XC  (9/23/1881)
* [[Samuel Dartagnan Mikennrie]]
*1 Vendémiaire LXXXIII  (9/23/1874)
*[[François Thibodaux]]
*1 Vendémiaire LXXVI  (9/24/1867)
*[[Alexandre Mouton]]
**1 Vendémiaire LXXII (9/24/1863)
*[[André Bienvenu Roman]]
*1 Vendémiaire LXIX  (9/23/1860)
*[[Francis Gabriel Fazende]]
*1 Vendémiaire LXII  (9/23/1853)
*[[Paul Octave Hebert]]
*1 Vendémiaire LV  (9/23/1846)
*[[André Bienvenu Roman]]
*1 Vendémiaire XLVIII   (9/24/1839)
*1 Vendémiaire XLI   (9/23/1832)
*[[Armand Beauvais]]
*1 Vendémiaire XXXIV   (9/23/1825)
*1 Vendémiaire XXVII   (9/23/1818)
*1 Vendémiaire XX   (9/24/1811)
*1 Vendémiaire XIII   (9/23/1804)
*1 Vendémiaire VI   (9/22/1797)

--&gt;
[[Category:First Presidents of Louisianne|*]]
[[Category:Louisianne]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Marc-Albert Mitterand</title>
    <id>858</id>
    <revision>
      <id>57938</id>
      <timestamp>2009-03-03T19:14:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;'''Marc-Albert Mitterand'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|'''Order:'''|| 17th ''Premier Président''
|-
|'''Term of Office:'''|| 1 Vendémiaire CLXXXV - 17 Pluviôse CCVIII
|-
|'''Predecessor:'''|| [[Eugene Pascal Edouard]]
|-
|'''Successor:'''|| [[Jean-Francois Young|Jean-François Young]]
|-
|'''Date of birth:'''||15 Germinal CXXXV (b. April 5, 1927)
|-
|'''Date of death:'''|| 17 Pluviôse CCVIII (February 6, 2000)
|-
|'''Place of birth:'''||Yonne, [[Osage]], [[Louisianne]]
|-
|'''Profession:'''|| Lawyer, Politician
|-
|'''Political Party:'''|| Republican Free Party (Parti Républicain Libre)
|-
|'''Relgious Affiliation:'''|| [[Catholicism|Catholic]]
|}

'''Marc-Albert Mitterand''' was born in [[Osage]] from [[France|French]] immigre parents.  He later got involved in politics, much to the detriment of [[Louisianne]]'s political reputation.  

Mitterand took office 1 Vendémiaire CLXXXV (Sept 22, 1976).  Mitterand is credited as being one of the longest ruling [[First Presidents of Louisianne|First Presidents]] in Louisiannan [[Louisianne History|history]], ruling for nearly thirty years.  While it was not known until the final years of his Presidency, Mitterand instituted and supported the deplorable practice of selling weapons wholesale to [[Tejas]] and [[Alta California]].  The effects of his terrible foreign relations will be felt for decades to come.

==Childhood==

Mitterand was often involved in student government and the leadreship of clubs.  There was more than one occasion when MItterand was expelled from a club for poor behaviour

==Sous-Prefectoral Administrations==

==Prefectoral Administration==

==First-Presidency==
Mitterand had only been in office for 4 years when [[James Wainwright]] was [[Assassination of James Wainwright|assassinated]] in [[New Orleans]].

His final years in office were spent largely defending himself in the public eye, and not with ruling the land with any great ability.  Mitterand's death and the end of his tenure is now being viewed by many historians as a long awaited end to the graft that has long plagued Louisianne.  

He died of a heart-attack at the age of 73 while fooling around with a mistress.  Some [[Mitterand Conspiracy|Conspiracy Theorists]] suggest that this mistress was actually a plant by the [[Tejas|Tejan]] Government to eliminate Mitterand.  Others suggest that he was killed by internal forces within Louisianne, unhappy with him leading the nation toward a personal dictatorship.


{{infobox office |
office = [[Leadership of Louisianne|First President of Louisianne]] |
flag   = la-national.png |
predecessor = [[Eugene Pascal Edouard]] |
successor   = [[Jean-François Young]]
}}
{{prefectbox|X|fos.jpg|Osage|Jean DuFrêne}}
{{sousprefect|x||Paris-sur-Mizouri|x}}
{{sousprefect|x||Mizouri|x}}
[[Category:First Presidents of Louisianne|Mitterand, Marc-Albert]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Eugene Pascal Edouard</title>
    <id>859</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32654</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-06T06:23:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;'''Eugène Pascal Edouard'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|'''Order:'''|| 16th ''Premier Président''
|-
|'''Term of Office:'''|| 1 Vendémiaire CLXXXIII - 11 Thermidor CLXXXIV
|-
|'''Predecessor:'''|| [[Guillaume-Henri Averain|Guillaume-Henri Avérain]]
|-
|'''Successor:'''|| [[Marc-Albert Mitterand]]
|-
|'''Date of birth:'''|| 19 Thermidor CXXXV (7 August 1927)
|-
|'''Date of death:'''|| ''none''
|-
|'''Place of birth:'''|| Avoyelles, [[Saint-Onge]], [[Louisianne]]
|-
|'''Profession:'''|| Lawyer, Politician
|-
|'''Political Party:'''|| Republican Free Party (Parti Républicain Libre)
|-
|'''Relgious Affiliation:'''|| [[Catholicism|Catholic]]
|}

Eugène Pascal Edouard is the only First President last century to have been removed through a [[Vote of No-Confidence]] and prosecuted for misdeeds.

Edouard was deeply involved in the [[Ouatchita Affair]], wherein top [[Louisianne]] military officials under the direction of Edouard were caught selling munitions to [[Alta California]] and [[Tejas]] only to give the money to known [[Deseret]] agitators.

War with [[Tejas]] and [[Alta California]] was narrowly averted, [[Louisianne]] was fined by the [[League of Nations]], suffered an embargo until the trial of Edouard and the Military were prosecuted.  Sadly, this was not the last time [[Louisianne]] would be involved in arms deals with feuding neighbors.


{{infobox office |
office = [[Leadership of Louisianne]] |
flag   = la-national.png |
predecessor = [[Guillaume-Henri Avérain]] |
successor   = [[Marc-Albert Mitterand]]
}}  


[[Category:First Presidents of Louisianne|Edouard, Eugene]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Henri Samuel Truman</title>
    <id>860</id>
    <revision>
      <id>58423</id>
      <timestamp>2009-03-18T18:04:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;'''Henri Samuel Truman'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|'''Order:'''|| 14th ''Premier Président''
|-
|'''Term of Office:'''|| 1 Vendémiare, CLX - 30 Fructidor CLXXIII
|-
|'''Predecessor:'''|| [[Frederick Valdemar Erastus Peterson]]
|-
|'''Successor:'''|| [[Guillaume-Henri Averain|Guillaume-Henri Avérain]]
|-
|'''Date of birth:'''|| 18 Floréal XCII (May 8, 1884)
|-
|'''Date of death:'''|| 19 Nivose, CLXXXI (December 26, 1972)
|-
|'''Place of birth:'''||Lamar, [[Osage]], [[Louisianne]]
|-
|'''Profession:'''|| Haberdasher, Politician
|-
|'''Political Party:'''|| People's Democratic Party (Parti Démocratique Du Peuple)
|-
|'''Relgious Affiliation:'''|| [[Catholicism|Catholic]]
|}

Born in Lamar, [[Osage]], XCII (1884).  His family later relocated to the Yonne, now a suburb of [[Paris-sur-Mizouri]].  He grew up working on his father's farm that later became his own.  During the [[First Great War]], Truman volunteered to the French Foreign Legion and fought as a captain in the Field Artillery.  Following the war, he returned to Louisianne, opening a haberdashery in [[Lyons-sur-Mizouri]], and shortly thereafter married his wife, Elizabeth Virginie Wallace.

==Early Political Career==
An active participant in the Parti Démocratique Du Peuple, or PDP, Truman  was elected in an CXXXI a judge in the Comte Narbo, largely an administrative position. A mere nine years later, Truman was elected to the Osage Parliament.  During the [[Second Great War]] he lobbied and won financial support for Louisiannan Allies.  At the same time, he moved to remove corruption and graft by [[Tejas|Tejan]] supporters, saving billions of &lt;i&gt;louisians&lt;/i&gt;. (Roughly 100 million [[L'Argent Louisiannais|ecu]] in today's money).

==Prefect of Osage==

Following a death on the Council in CLIII, Truman was elected by the Osage Parliament to the Council, and on this council, Truman made and influenced a great many Louisiannan foreign relations, although his strong record was clouded by corruption of other Council Presidents.

[[Image:200px-Harry-truman.jpg|thumb|Henri-Samuel Truman while in office]]

Messidor, CLIII, Truman made a special voyage to the headquarters of the League of Nations to pledge renewed Louisiannan support.

===Ties to the Priondragas Syndicate===

Truman maintained a friendship with Thomas Priondragas, head of the [[Priondragas Syndicate]].  When asked later in life of his ties to the group, Truman would only say that he was friends with Thomas, and unaware of the level of his machinations, and that it was a sad day when he had to bring force of law against a friend he had held dear.

==First Presidency==

In CLX (24 September, 1951), Truman was elected to be First President of Louisianne and moved to implement great changes in the country, proprosing a 23-point program, expanding La Securite Sociale, greater trade and amity with the [[NAL-SLC|North American League]] and an increased detente with Tejas.

==Retirement==

Opting not to run for renewed office in CLXXIII (Fall 1964) , Truman retired from public life and died in his home of Lamar at the age 89 on 19 Nivose, CLXXXI (December 26, 1972).


{{infobox office |
office = [[Prefects of Louisianne#Osage|Prefect of Osage]] |
flag = Fos.jpg |
predecessor = [[Jacques Bavouzet]] |
successor = [[Fridrich L. Haal]]
}}
{{infobox office |
office = [[Leadership of Louisianne]] |
flag   = la-national.png |
predecessor = [[Frederick Valdemar Erastus Peterson]] |
successor   = [[Guillaume-Henri Avérain]]
}}


[[Category:First Presidents of Louisianne|Truman]]
[[Category:Prefects of Louisianne|Truman]]
[[Category:Osage|Truman]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Current Monarchs</title>
    <id>861</id>
    <revision>
      <id>63526</id>
      <timestamp>2009-12-24T04:45:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Benkarnell</username>
        <id>190</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Other */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Monarchies have fared far better in the world of [[Ill Bethisad]] than in our own world.  This page lists all of the monarchs, by whatever title, in the world of Ill Bethisad, in order of seniority where known. This includes the few elective monarchies and rotating monarchies, such as the High Kingship of [[Kanawiki]] and the kingship of the [[Republic of the Two Crowns|RTC]]

See also [[Succession]] to the various monarchies

=====Emperors and Empresses=====
*Emperor Bai Long ([[Ho Chi Minh]]) of [[Nam Viet]] (1995)
*Emperor Bokassa II of the [[Centrafrican Empire]]
*Emperor Charles of Tunisia (same as Charles VI of Aragon)
*[[Emperor Constantine Palaiologos XIII]] of [[Greece]] (2007)
*Emperor Dieudonné III of [[Hayti]] (2004)
*[[Empress Maria I]] of [[Germany]] (1976)
*Shāhānshāh (Emperor) Mehrasp IV Aryamehr of [[Persia]]
*[[Emperor Xigehito]] of [[Japan]] (August 28, 2006) - in Japan known as simply The Emperor

=====High Kings (Archkings) and High Queens (Archqueens)=====
*High King Gereint IX of [[Dunein|Dumnonia]] and Amiral of Carnaw (also known as Caratheck fitz Mynnig, Governor of [[Dunein]])(2002)
*Pañghulo (Head Queen) [[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo|Gloria I]] of [[Bornei-Filipinas]] (2004)
*Archqueen Margrethe II of the [[Scandinavian Realm]] (1972)
*High King Nikolai of [[Kanawiki]] (Also King Nikolai III of Kauai) (2005)
*[[Emperor Xigehito|High King Shigehito]] of the [[Micronesian Confederation]] (Same as Emperor Xigehito of Japan) (August 28, 2006)
*High King Vaendine II of [[Jervaine]]

=====Grand Kings and Grand Queens=====
*Maharaza (Grand King) Rama IX (Bhúmibal Aþuljaþez) of [[Mÿqan̊ Ðaij]]
*Majarajja (Grand King) [[Solimán Bolquía]] of [[Bornei]]

=====Kings and Queens=====
*[[Monarchs of Castile and Leon|King]] [[Alfonso Joseph I of Castile and Leon|Alfonso José]] of [[Castile and Leon]] (1975)
*Queen Te Atairangikaahu of [[Aotearoa]] (1967)
*King [[Aurel II]] of [[Moldova]] (1997)
*Queen Béatrice d'Orange of the [[Batavian Kingdom]] (1980)
*Queen Beatrice III of [[Lombardy]] (2002)
*King Cardoc II of Ceasaer ([[Armorica| Armorican Isles]])
*King Charles VI of [[Aragon]]
*King Charles III of Rio de la Plata (same as Charles VI of Aragon)
*King Charles V of the [[Two Sicilies]] (same as Charles VI of Aragon)
*King Cuautémoc VI of [[Mejico]]
*Queen [[Diana I of England and Scotland|Diana I]] of [[England]] and [[Scotland]] (1997)
*Queen [[Diana I of England and Scotland|Diana I]] of [[Malta]] (1997)
*Queen [[Elena I]] of [[Muntenia]] (1990)
*Rajja (Queen) [[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo|Gloria I]] of [[Luzoñg]] (1997)&amp;mdash;same person as Pañghulo (Head Queen) [[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo|Gloria I]] of [[Bornei-Filipinas]]
*Queen Gohar IV of [[Moghul National Realm]]
*King [[Gù Ho]] of [[Lùquiù]], [[Japan|Japanese Empire]] (2003)
*King Ieremia of [[Kiripati]], [[Micronesian Confederation]] (1985)
*King Imata of the [[Ralik and Ratak Islands|United Kingdom of the Ralik and Ratak Islands]] (December 20, 1996)
*King Isauki of [[Ponpei|Pònpei]], [[Micronesian Confederation]] (1979)
*King Johann VIII of [[Hannover]]
*King Josiah III of [[Kingdom of Beaver Island|Beaver Island]] (2001)
*King [[Juan Carlos of Tejas]] (2007)
*King Kamehameha X of Hawai'i ([[Kanawiki]])
*Queen Katerína of [[Bohemia]] (1991)
*King Lembit II of [[Estonia]]
*King Luis II &quot;The Traveller&quot; of [[Portugal]] (1990)
*Queen Luisa II of [[Italy]] (1991)
*King Ña'ara III of [[Henua]] (1995)
*King Nikolai III of Kauai (Kanawiki)
*King Ousmane Conté of the [[Islamic Kingdom of Guinea]] (2008)
*King Pedr V of [[Kemr]] (2004)
*Queen Ranavalona IV of [[Madagascar]]
*King Rodry IV of Saern ([[Armorica|Armorican Isles]])
*King [[Rudolf III]] Bailbiret of [[Xliponia]] (1972)
*King Taufa'ahau Tupou V of [[Toga]] (December 16, 1965)
*King Thakombao V of [[Fiji]]
*King Toxiyuqui of [[Chuuk]], [[Micronesian Confederation]] (1989)
*Queen Valentina of [[Latvia]] (1989)
*Queen [[Wilhelmina I]] of [[Prussia]] (1988)
*King Witold IV Jagie&amp;#322;&amp;#322;o of the [[Republic of the Two Crowns]] (1973)

=====Sultans=====
*Sultan 'Isa Toma of Socotra (1965)&lt;br&gt;
*Sultan Murat of [[Turkey]]&lt;br&gt;

=====Grand Princes (Grand Dukes) and Grand Princesses (Grand Duchesses)=====
*[[Grand Dukes of Luxemburg|Grand Duchess]] [[Haedrana]] Nassau-Weilburg-Kastelnow of [[Luxemburg]] (2005)
*Grand Prince [[I Uen]], Hereditary Governor of Hamgieñpuk-do, [[Corea]] (2005) - '''''Validity of succession currently disputed'''''
*Grand Princess Margrethe II of [[Finland]] (1972)&amp;mdash;same person as Archqueen Margrethe II of the Scandinavian Realm
*Grand Duke Maximilian II of [[Baden]] (1963)
*Grand Duke [[Tully I]] of [[Grand Fenwick]] (2007)

=====Princes and Princesses=====
*Prince Alfio XXIII of [[Correggio]] ([[Italy]]) (1995)
*Prince Alfonso IV of [[Gonzaga]] ([[Italy]]) (1976)
*Prince Ercole IV of [[Carpi]] ([[Italy]]) (1981)
*Princess Francesca II of [[Guastalla]] ([[Italy]]) (1972)
*Prince Guido I of [[Elba]] ([[Italy]]) (1998)
*[[Prince Igor Nicolescu]] [[House of Vlas-Florea|Vlas-Florea]] of [[Oltenia]] (1989)
*Princess Luisa I of [[Ceva]] ([[Italy]]) (1955) - same person as Queen Luisa II of Italy
*Prince [[Napoleon VII]] of [[Andorra]] (1997)
*Prince Rainier III of [[Monaco]] (1949)
*Prince Timotieje II of [[Skuodia]]

=====Dukes and Duchesses=====
*Duchess Bianca II of [[Mantua]] ([[Italy]]) (1987)
*Duke Luigi III of [[Massa]] ([[Italy]]) (1991)
*Duchess Margarethe II of [[Oldenburg]] (1972) (Same person as Archqueen Margarethe II of the Scandinavian Realm)
*Duke Norberto II of [[Alba]] ([[Italy]]) (1963)

=====High Chiefs, Chiefs, and Chieftains=====
*Chief Luk Havaiki of [[Tokelau]] (1989)
*Chief Tatarara IV of Clan Riu, [[Henua]] (1976)
*Chief Richard Ablanc of the [[Four Nations]] (2006)

=====Other=====
*Marquess Biagio VII of [[Finale]] ([[Italy]]) (1961)
*[[Khedive]] Daoud I of [[Egypt]] (2006)
*Lord of the Manor David Lion George Allen-Gardiner of [[Gardiners Island]] (1982)
*Lord Proprietor Dewidd Carol Cecil Calferth  of [[Ter Mair]] (2006)
*Pope Marianus I of the [[Papal States]] (2009)
*Regent [[Maco, Princess Masaxi]] of [[Japan]] (August 28, 2006)
*Patriarch Marcello III of [[Aquilea]] ([[Italy]]) (1981)
*Intendant Onésime Talon of [[New Francy|New-Francy]]
*[[Ilxanate|Ilxan]] [[Sultan Qasım-ulı]] of [[Turkestan]] (1991)
*Nicephorus of Transfiguration, Archimandrite of the [[Monastic Republic]] (2005)

[[Category:World Leaders]]
[[Category:Incumbents|*]]
[[Category:Royalty|*]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Iu Chin-Ion</title>
    <id>862</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41534</id>
      <timestamp>2006-08-29T03:30:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Iu Chin-ioñ''' (柳蔯蓉) was the viceroy of the [[Micronesian Confederation]] from Saisei 38 Itxigaçu 1 (January 31, 1989) to Gacudai 2, Djùsañgaçu 6 (January 31, 2005).  He was the third viceroy, and the first [[Corea]]n to have this position.  In Saisei 43 (1994), he approved an amendment to the Treaty of Confederation giving each member-state the right to print money (formerly that right had been held by the Confederation as a whole).

After [[Kanawiki]] declared [[Empress Gacudai]] of [[Japan]] ineligible for the High Throne, Mr. Iu acted quickly to ensure that the Micronesian Confederation would accept her.  On Gacudai Gannen, Gogaçu 19 (June 23, 2004), all but the Confederation of Kalolina issued a decree acknowledging the Emperor as High Queen.  Kalolina followed suit 13 days later after Iu agreed to call a convention to ammend the Treaty of Confederation, dissolving Kalolina, and, in its place, recognizing the 4 new member-states of the Kingdom of Yap, the Kingdom of Chuuk, the Kingdom of Pohnpei, and the Kingdom of Kosrae.

Iu was succeeded by ????

[[Category:World Leaders]]
[[Category:Micronesian Confederation]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Micronesian Confederation</title>
    <id>863</id>
    <revision>
      <id>50302</id>
      <timestamp>2008-02-04T15:15:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Benkarnell</username>
        <id>190</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Politics */ a small update</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{nation infobox}}
|+ &lt;big&gt;'''Xòtò Rempò'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Micronesian Confederation'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|'''Languages''' || 
|-
| National || Japanese
|-
| Regional || Marshallese, I-Kiripati, Yapese, Chuukese, Pònpeian, Kosraean
&lt;!-- |-
|'''Major Religions''' || 
|-
|'''Capital''' || --&gt;
|-
|'''Government type''' || Loose Confederation
|-
|'''High King''' || [[Emperor Xigehito|Shigehito]]
|-
|'''Viceroy''' || ?
|-
|'''Prime Minister''' || 
&lt;!-- |-
|'''Area''' || 
|-
|'''Population''' || --&gt;
|-
|'''Establishment''' || 1928
|-
|'''[[Currency]]''' || [[Japanese currency|Lò]]
|-
|'''[[Supranational Organizations]]''' || [[Austronesian League]], [[East Asian Federation]]
|-
|'''Major Subdivisions''' || 5 states - the [[Kiripati|Kingdom of Kiripati]] (Gilbert Islands), the Triple Supreme Chiefdom of [[Wa'ab]], the Kingdom of [[Chuuk]], the Kingdom of [[Ponpei|Pònpei]], the Tokoxadom of [[Koxae]]; there are also 2 tributaries - the Rajadom of the Marianas, and the Rajadom of Palau
|}

The '''Micronesian Confederation''' consists of a large number of small islands in the western Pacific, former [[Japan]]ese protectorates.

== History ==
The Confederation was formally established in Xòwa 3 (1928) from four [[Japan]]ese protectorates.  The first protectorate in the area that became Micronesia was the Marshall Islands, which sought a protectorate in Meidji 3 (1870).  They were Japan's second protectorate after Maui, in [[Kanawiki]], which had become a protectorate in the previous year.  Soon afterwards, the chiefs of the various islands requested that [[Japan]] expel the Western missionaries.  This was done, but, after international protests, Japan was forced to pay reparations to the missionaries; however, despite several attempts, large-scale missionary work remained absent from the islands.  In Meidji 5 (1872), Japan extended its protectorate to the Caroline Islands, to protect the natives from Western domination.  (''this may not be correct'')  The Gilbert Islands became a protectorate being established in Meidji 8 (1875).  The Confederation was formally released from control of the Japanese coccai in Saisei 3 (1954), the Emperor remaining as High King.  It originally consisted of the Kalolina Confederation, the United Kingdom of the Ralik and Ratak Islands, the Confederation (now Kingomd) of Kiribati, and the Kingdom of [[Toga]], which had been a Japanese protectorate since Meidji 33 (1900), plus the two tributary states of Palao and Marianas.  Toga seceded in Saisei 5 (1956), for reasons of culture and geography.  Recentely, the Kalolina Confederation broke up into its constituent states - Wa'ab, Chuuk, Pònpei, and Koxae.  Shortly afterwards, the United Kingdom of the [[Ralik and Ratak Islands]] split off.

== Politics ==
The Confederation is a loose-knit organization.  All of its members are in monetary union with the Empire of Japan and agree to the terms of the Treaty of Confederation.  The High King of the Confederation is the Emperor of Japan.  The Confederation tends towards local autonomy, with many islands ruled by hereditary chiefs, and is divided into 6 high level constituents -- Wa'ab, Chuuk, Pònpei, Koxae (these four were formally grouped together as the Kalolina Confederation), the United Kingdom of the Ralik and Ratak Islands (Marshall Islands), and the Kingdom of Kiripati (the Gilbert Islands).  The term ''Grand Confederation'' is common for all of Micronesia to distinguish from the the former Kalolina Confederation.  However, the term is expected to drop from use now that the Kalolina Confederation has been dissolved.  Micronesia may coin its own money, however, most of the money in circulation originates from the Empire, specifically [[Hiroxima]].  Each of the six states sends representatives to the Grand Council, which is subdivided into two houses, the House of States, which consists of a single representantive from each member, and the House of People, which consists of 50 representatives elected from electoral districs of roughly equal population, with redistricting every 5 years.  There is a small Confederation military, but Japan is still pledged to military defense for Micronesia.

Originally, the High King of the Confederation, i.e., the Emperor of Japan, possessed actual executive power over it.  This was devolved, in 1974, to a Viceroy appointed by the Emperor, however, the Prime Minister of the Grand Council (a rotating position among the constituent states) excercises practical executive authority in Confederation matters, the Viceroy only acting in matters relating to foreign affairs.  The Viceroy remains, to this day, appointed by the Emperor.

== Language ==
Japanese is the official language of the Grand Confederation for federal matters, local languages used for state and local matters.  Most of the states retain local languages (written in [[cana|catacana]]) in everyday use.

== Rulers of Micronesia ==
=== Viceroys of Micronesia ===
#Ximizu Hideyoxi (February 1, 1974 - February 1, 1983)
#Tanaca Caoru (February 2, 1983 - January 30, 1989)
#[[Iu Chin-Ion|Iu Chin-Ioñ]] (January 31, 1989 - January 31, 2005)
#????? (January 31, 2005 - )

=== High Kings of Micronesia ===
#High King [[Emperor Saisei|Akihito]] (February 4, 1954 - June 5, 2004)
#High Queen [[Empress Gacudai|Aiko]] (June 6, 2004 - August 28, 2006)
#High King [[Emperor Xigehito|Shigehito]] (August 28, 2006 - )

=== Current Monarchs of Constituent States ===
In order of seniority
*King Isauki of Pònpei - since 1979&lt;br&gt;
*King Ieremia of Kiripati - since 1985&lt;br&gt;
*King Toxiyuqui of Chuuk - since 1989&lt;br&gt;
*King Imata of the Ralik and Ratak Islands - since December 20, 1996&lt;br&gt;
Other monarchs&lt;br&gt;
*Tokoxa ?? of Koxae&lt;br&gt;
*The Three Supreme Chiefs of Wa'ab&lt;br&gt;


{{TAR}}

[[Category:Nations in Oceania]]
[[Category:Micronesian Confederation]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Aquilea</title>
    <id>864</id>
    <revision>
      <id>57574</id>
      <timestamp>2009-02-21T04:09:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caeruleancentaur</username>
        <id>197</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Culture */ Added a word</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox_City |
  official_name      = Aquileia |
  image_flag         = not available |
  image_seal         = not available |
  nickname           = Aquilee (Friulian), Aquilea (English) |
  image_map          = not available |
  map_caption        = Map showing the location of Aquilea. |
  subdivision_type   = State |
  subdivision_name   = [[Friuli]] |
  leader_title       = Patriarch |
  leader_name        = Marcello III Veronese |
  area_total         = 36 |
  area_land          = 36 |
  area_water         = - |
  population_as_of   = 2005 |
  population_note    = - |
  population_total   = 3,330 |
  population_density = 93 |
  timezone           = CET |
  utc_offset         = +1 |
  timezone_DST       = CET |
  utc_offset_DST     = +1 |
  latitude           = 45°46'0&quot;N |
  longitude          = 13°22'26&quot;W |
  website            = - |
  footnotes          = -
}}

Aquilea is a city in [[Friuli]] in [[Italy]]. Aquilea is governed by a patriarch, elected by a local council from among the Aquilean priesthood. Aquilea is treated as a self-governing entity by the Friulian government, but the patriarch is not eligible for election as monarch of Italy, and Aquileans vote in national elections as Friulian citizens. Aquilea has for many years been known as a center of religious education, and the Aquilean [[Catholicism|Catholic]] University (''Universitas Catholica Aquileiae'' in Latin, Aquilea's official language) draws in approximately 1,000 students each year (for reference, these students are not included in the population figures). 

==Administration==
Aquilea's patriarch is elected for life by the local senate (composed of high ranking members of the Aquilean priesthood) from among the available priests in Aquilea or any other bishops in the world.  The current patriarch is Marcello III (Marcello Veronese), elected on October 6, 1981.

==Culture==
Aquilea is known for its intense focus on religion. The vast majority of Aquileans are Roman Catholic, although the university accepts applicants of most other religions as well, and the city has three churches, a cathedral, and a number of other religious structures.

Aquilea is unusual in that Italian shares its position as official language with Latin (of the ecclesiastical variety). Aquilea is also unusual in that, since most of its inhabitants are adults who live in Aquilea due to some connection with the church, most of its citizens are at least conversant in Latin and make an effort to communicate in it. However, Italian is used as well, especially in communications with the outside world. Classes at the university are, however, taught entirely in Latin, and most communication within the city government is conducted the same way. However, the use of Latin as the primary language extends no further into Friuli than the outskirts of the city.

{{Italy}}

[[Category:Italy]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Italy</title>
    <id>865</id>
    <revision>
      <id>55953</id>
      <timestamp>2008-12-15T22:46:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Benkarnell</username>
        <id>190</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Political Geography */ map</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=Regno Confederato d'Italia &lt;br&gt; Federated Kingdom of Italy}}
{{image infobox|file=Italy.flag.png|caption=Flag of Italy}}
{{shortname infobox|vernacular=Italia|english=Italy}}
{{lang2 infobox|official=Italian|others=[[Elbic]]&lt;br&gt;Piedmontese&lt;br&gt;Friulian&lt;br&gt;Genoese&lt;br&gt;Lombard&lt;br&gt;Ligurian}}
{{cities2 infobox|capital=Milano|other=Torino, Parma, Venice}}
{{ruler infobox|title=Monarch|name=Princess Luisa of Ceva}}
{{ruler infobox|title=Chancellor|name=Liliana Spada of Tuscany (ULD)}}
{{area infobox|area=161,060 sq. km}}
{{population infobox|population=38,881,000|adjective=citizens}}
{{independence infobox|from=n/a|dec_date=October, 1931|rec_date=January, 1933}}
{{currency infobox|currency=lire}}
{{organization infobox|organization=[[European Federation]]}}
{{close infobox}}

'''Italy''' covers the northen part of the Italian penninsula, from the [[Alps]] to the [[Papal States]].  

==Administration==
===Government===
''See main article: [[Government of Italy]]

====Monarchy====
Italy is governed by an elected monarchy. All monarchs, Grand Dukes, Dukes and Archdukes may vote and stand for election as monarch of Italy. The Presidents of Liguria and the Marches as well as all the Metropolitan Dukes may vote but not be elected; and all the princes cannot vote but may be elected. The successor of a previous monarch may not be elected. The current queen of Italy, Luisa II of Ceva, has reigned since 1991.

====Electorate====
Italy also has an elected Chancellor and a parliament made up of a Senate (itself composed of seven Courts; with an elected Senate President) and a Chamber of Delegates (with an elected Chamber President). It should be noted that many positions within the parliament are appointed, rather than elected.

===Administrative Divisions===
[[Image:Italy IB map.png|right|thumb|Map of [[Italy]]|250px]]
Italy consists of 25 small states in the northern third of the Italian peninsula. They include three kingdoms, five grand duchies, five duchies, three principalities, six metropolitan duchies, and a variety of &quot;others&quot;, ranging from a Confederation to an Oligarchic Republic.

====Kingdoms====
* [[Lombardy]]
* [[Piedmont]]
* [[Veneto]]

====Grand Duchies====
* [[Friuli]]
* [[Montferrat]]
* [[Romagna]]
* [[Tuscany]]
* [[Umbria]]

====Duchies====
* [[Aosta]]
* [[Mantua|Mantova]]
* [[Massa]]
* [[Modena]]
* [[Parma]]

====Principalities====
* [[Ceva]]
* [[Elba]]
* [[Piombino]]

====[[Metropolitan Duchies]]====
* Ancona
* Bologna
* Genova
* Milano
* Padova
* Torino

====Others====
* The Oligarchic Republic of [[Liguria]]
* The Confederation of the [[Marches]]
* The Archduchy of [[Trento]]

===Political Geography===
[[Image:Italia.PNG|right|thumb|275px|Italy and the Papal States]]
Apart from the Kingdom of Lombardy, all the Kingdoms, Grand Duchies, Archduchies, Duchies, and Principalities are hereditary monarchies. '''Lombardy''' is an elective kingdom whose monarchs are elected for life amongst the members of other Italian Royal Families. The current monarch of Lombardy is Beatrice of Ceva (who, ironically, will be unable to succeed her mother as Queen of Italy). The Oligarchic Republic of '''Liguria''' is a Presidential Republic, whose President is elected for a 10-year non-renewable term from among the members of the 48 noble families of Liguria. The Confederation of the '''Marches''' is a confederation of 152 cities, each governed by a hereditary knight. The office of President and the main offices of government rotate amongst the knights on an annual basis. Since 2000, women can inherit knighthoods, but cannot pass them on to their kindred.

==History==
''See main article: [[History of Italy]].''

A Kingdom formed by various ancient states which united in 1933 to form a constitutional monarchy. After the short-lived Roman Republic, the then-Republic of Lombardy, the Kingdom of Piedmont, the Kingdom of the [[Two Sicilies]] and the [[Papal States]] signed the Lateran Pact in 1929. After the collapse of the Republic of Lombardy due to ongoing corruption, regional unrest and the wishes of the people to restore its local monarchies, customs and traditions several political leaders met in Genoa and a new constitution was drawn for an elective constitutional monarchy. In 1933, 78% of the population approved the new constitution which still holds. In 1976 the Marches after a referendum requested to join the union. They were, at the time, a province of the [[Two Sicilies]]. In 1977 an official non-belligerent claim was made on that territory and in 1979 the [[Two Sicilies]] acquiesced in exchange for more benevolent commercial relations with a treaty signed in Capua. In 2002 Corsica made a similar request and in October 2002 the government made an official but non-beligerent claim on Corsica.

==Geography==
Italy composes the northern portion of the Italian peninsula. The northern provinces, especially Piedmont and its neighbors, are mountainous, containing the Italian Alps. The Alps change into the Apennine Mountains along the coast of Tuscany, but the terrain flattens out on the Adriatic coast. The Po River flows east out of the Alps, passing through Turin towards the Comacchio region on the Adriatic coast. At 652 kilometers long, the Po is Italy's longest river. The highest point in Italy is Monte Bianco, along the France-Piedmont border.

===Borders===
*North: [[Helvetia]], [[Austria]], [[France]], [[Croatia]]
*West: France, Tyrrhenian Sea, Tuscan Sea
*South: [[Papal States]], [[Two Sicilies]]
*East: Croatia, Adriatic Sea
*Italy entirely surrounds [[San Marino]].

==Economy==
Italy has few natural resources and little arable land, so it imports much of its food and minerals. There are, however, significant natural gas reserves in the Po valley and offshore in the Adriatic. Italy does, however, have a large wine industry, one of the things for which Italy is most famous. Italy has a large manufacturing industry, mainly of clothing and luxury cars. Italy has a number of aerodromes to facilitate international travel, and many well-established land trade routes through the Alps. For a long time Italy has had a small but bustling air travel company called [[ArItalia]], which has recently begun to expand to neighboring European countries as well, especially the Kingdom of [[Two Sicilies]], the [[Papal States]], [[Malta]], and [[Helvetia]].

Italy is part of the [[European Federation]]. Its currency thus subdivides in the same way that all EF currency does. The largest unit, a ''lira'', subdivides into twenty ''soldi'' (singular ''soldo''), which further subdivide into 240 ''denari'' (singular ''denaro'').

==Culture==
''See also: [[How to tell if you're Italian]]

Italy is an amalgam of many cultural standards, ranging from the placid [[Elba#Culture|Elbans]] to the daring mountaineers of Piedmont. As such, there is no standard Italian culture, with the situation varying greatly from member state to member state. However, there are two things that all Italians have in common: great pride in their home state and its culture, and great pride in Italy as a whole.

===Languages===
Italy is home to a large number of languages and/or dialects. [[Italian]] is the common language of the nation, a composite of various regional forms, especially Tuscan, Lombard, and Piedmontese. Italian is taught essentially as a second language to students, as most people speak one of the regional forms as their native language. Other prominent languages include [[Elbic]], Lombard, Genoese, Piedmontese, Ligurian, and Venetian.

===Religion===
The Italian populace is predominantly Roman [[Catholicism|Catholic]], which is unsurprising given Italy's proximity to the Papal States. There are significant minorities of [[Dalmatia|Dalmatian]] Catholics in the northeast, however, and Italy is noted for being tolerant of other faiths as well (although some would point out that such is basically a non-issue, given that more than 75% of Italy's population is Roman Catholic). In particular, Aosta, in the Northwest, is primarily Cathar (a small Gnostic-esque Christian sect, once considered heretical, now accepted by the Catholic church with a sigh).

==See also==
* [[History of Lombardy]]: a detailed account of the history of the area.
* [[European Federation]]: the currency union to which Italy belongs.

{{Italy}}

[[Category:Nations in Europe]]
[[Category:Italy|*]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Papal States</title>
    <id>866</id>
    <revision>
      <id>52536</id>
      <timestamp>2008-07-23T13:09:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elemtilas</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>dewippification</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Papal States.flag.png|thumb|Flag of the Papal States]]Surrounding the Eternal City, Rome, lies the '''[http://www.bethisad.com/papal_states.htm Patrimony of St. Peter]''', commonly known as the '''Papal States'''. It is a somewhat reduced temporal territory administered by the Latin-Rite [[Catholicism|Roman Catholic Church]]. Since the Vatican Council, the [[Pope]] has entrusted the day to day running of the States to the Roman Senate; concentrating instead on the many issues that face the Church in the 21st century.

==Rulers==
[[Image:Papal_guards.jpg|thumb|Papal Guards]]The Patrimony is ruled by the Popes of Rome, in their capacity of temporal rulers. The Roman Pontiff is crowned in the Senate House after being anointed Pope of Rome at St. John Lateran on Vatican Hill, which ceremonies represent both the temporal and spiritual authority of the western patriarchs. The Pope of Rome, though the current one has entrusted the day to day running of the States to the Senate, is the temporal master of the States.

Recent Popes of Rome:

Pius VI (1775-1810)&lt;BR&gt;
Pius VII (1810-14)&lt;BR&gt;
Leo XII (1814-29)&lt;BR&gt;
Pius VIII (1829-30)&lt;BR&gt;
Gregory XVI (1831-46)&lt;BR&gt;
Blessed Pius IX (1846-78)&lt;BR&gt;
Leo XIII (1878-1903)&lt;BR&gt;
St. Pius X (1903-14)&lt;BR&gt;
Benedict XV (1914-22)&lt;BR&gt;
Pius XI (1922-39)&lt;BR&gt;
Pius XII (1939-58)&lt;BR&gt;
Gregory XVII (1958-89)&lt;BR&gt;
John XXIII (1989-present)&lt;BR&gt;

==Vatican Council and Papal Politics==
Vatican Council was held in 1988 and was nothing like Vatican II *here*, as it dealt almost entirely with matters of human rights and local political constitution. Vatican Council *there* also addressed the matters of the Pope's temporal authority. Essentially, the Pope of Rome placed the greater part of his temporal authority over the nation into the Roman Senate. The Senate had been declericised since the early 20th century, though priests and deacons are allowed to exercise their civil rights and stand as candidates for election. Even so, the powers of ultimate civil authority remain constituted in the person of the Pope. He can veto acts of the Senate in grave circumstances and is the court of last appeal in criminal matters.

==Extent of the Country== 
The Papal States are not large. It consists roughly of *here*'s Lazio and Umbria. There is some kind of foreign ceremonial guard, who, coincidentally, wear uniforms that look like what the Swiss Guard *here* wear. Leonardo da Vinci designed them. There is a national military (probably more a border guard) and a coast guard. The Patrimony is militarily neutral, so the military doesn't participate in foreign wars, and is only charged with homeland defense and security. I'm sure that they, along with various police forces, work on concert with the various police and military bodies of the [[Two Sicilies|Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]] and [[Italy]].

==Religion==
The de jure and de facto religion of the Patrimony is [[Catholicism|Roman Catholicism]]; though non-Catholic Christian and non-Christian visitors are granted freedom of worship. Several prominent Roman churches have long been granted to the great branches of Christendom, notably St. Peter's itself, which is the church of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.

The Catholic Communion is a rather diverse agglomeration of Roman Rite and Uniate churches. The three native rites of European Catholcism are the Latin, Isidorian and Cambrian Rites, the first of which most people *here* would recognise as &quot;Catholic&quot;; the largest church in the Communion by population is the Isidorian Rite, given that Latin America is Isidorian. The next largest church is the Cambrian Rite (also called the Kemrese or Celtic Rite), given that Kemr and England have exported the ancient British tradition to their colonies and dominions. The Isidorian rite is common to Iberia, enclaves in North Africa and is general in Latin America; the Cambrian is common to Britain, America and Australasia. The Byzantine Rite (composed of Greek, Romanian, Ukranian and Venedic national churches) is eastern in practice but united to the West since the mid 16th century. Other Uniate Churches include the Holy Roman Episcopal Lutheran Church, confined mostly to Germany and the Scandinavian Realm; the Malabar, found in India; the Melkite; the Chaldean; the Maronite; and the Coptic Churches, amongst a large number of others.

Rome is a spiritual home to IB's Catholic Churches, and is where the Patriarch of Glastein (Cambrian Rite), the Archbishop of Toledo (head of the Isidorian Rite) and all the various and sundry bishops and metropolitans meet with the Patriarch of the West (the Pope of Rome) to discuss religious matters.

The Cambrian Rite has its own leadership and governance, but in accord with the teachings of all the great Ecumenical Councils adhered to by Rome. The Byzantine and Isidorian Rites also have its own structure, but no patriarchs of their own apart from the Pope of Rome.

Each of these great Rites has a customary liturgy that is sung within its jurisdiction. The Cambrian Rite has the Divine Liturgy of St. Ambrose (not of Milan); the Isidorian Rite has the Isidorian Liturgy; the Byzantine Rite has the Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom and the Roman Rite has the Divine Liturgy promulgated at Trent (and revised at Rome in 1965). To get an idea of what these liturgies are like, see &lt;http://www.liturgies.net/Liturgies/LiturgyArchive.htm here&gt;, an archive of liturgies. For the Cambrian, see under &quot;Lorrha Missal&quot;.

There are also the Malabar; the Melkite; the Chaldean; the Maronite; and the Coptic Churches each of which use St. John Chrysostom's or St. Basil's Liturgies.

And then there is the Holy Roman Episcopal Lutheran Church; whose early history was quite fascinating. It started out in accord with St. Martin Luther's calls for reform, but then decided that the Protestant Reformation and certain of Luther's teachings were going too far. Some of its practices are more in line with Protestantism or Cambrian and Byzantine practice in that the liturgy is sung in the local language rather than Latin. But other practices will undoubtedly be more familiar to Lutherans and perhaps Protestants in general, for example, allowing women to be ordained priests. Not a big leap, women have long been deacons (and occasionally priests) in the Cambrian Rite, for example.

See also the article on [[Catholicism]] for more details on the religious aspects.
----
[[Category:Nations in Europe]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Finale</title>
    <id>867</id>
    <revision>
      <id>63543</id>
      <timestamp>2009-12-26T15:04:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caeruleancentaur</username>
        <id>197</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>Spelling correction.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">http://f3.grp.yahoofs.com/v1/EMx4QSUr3h-VNAKD-Qju-ln7_3ndO0Wd9B5z7LwVjVrjbOn6BGRA6KCWp1bOjq3ttIkhZZfdUjS77Nn7WmxLQl_i5GUMXw/Flags%20of%20Italian%20Stes/Finale.gif

&lt;b&gt; Full Name : &lt;/b&gt; Marquesate of Finale

&lt;b&gt; Capital : &lt;/b&gt; Finalborgo

&lt;b&gt; Adjective : &lt;/b&gt; Finalese

&lt;b&gt; Official Languages : &lt;/b&gt; Ligurian and Italian

&lt;b&gt; Other Languages : &lt;/b&gt; Genoese and Occitan

&lt;b&gt; Population : &lt;/b&gt; 15,500 (permanent); over 35,000 in summer months.

&lt;b&gt; Main Industries : &lt;/b&gt; Tourism and Gambling.

&lt;b&gt; Government : &lt;/b&gt; Head of State is Marquess. Each parish elects 1 delegate
for 2-year terms who sits in General Assembly. General Assembly acts
as executive and legislative branches of government and local supreme
court.

&lt;b&gt; Administrative break-up : &lt;/b&gt; 23 Parishes.

&lt;b&gt; Current Marquess : &lt;/b&gt; Biagio VII, ascended the throne October 17, 1961.

&lt;b&gt; Current Prime Minister : &lt;/b&gt; Biagio Ancelotti, Independent, appointed
June 3, 2004.

&lt;b&gt; History : &lt;/b&gt; In the Middle Ages all the land belonged to Bonifacio del
Vasto and the Del Carrettos, who made it into a mighty marquisate
whose capital was Finalborgo. The marquisate was under Cevan control
all through the 14th century. The Cevan rulers had the old port
silted up in 1341, when it was conquered by Genoa. In 1469 Alfonso I
del Carretto got the title of marquis back from the Genoese. In 1558
a popular uprising made Monaco lay claim to the marquisate, but it
was taken by the Genoese Doria family who transformed it into their own
fief. This was followed by imperial claims till the Aragonese
Governor had the marquisate occupied in 1571 under Sardinian control.
It was bought by the Republic of Genoa in 1713. In 1724 during the
Corsican War a Latvian battleship conquered it. As Latvia never fully
claimed it and its strategic importance waned, the battleship's
captain (Autas Pugo) took the name of the patron saint and married a
Del Carretto heiress, making Finale a de facto independent state.
Ignored by Napoleon, Finale joined Italy in 1949.


[[Category:Member states of Italy]]

{{Italia}}</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Diana I of England and Scotland</title>
    <id>868</id>
    <revision>
      <id>55215</id>
      <timestamp>2008-10-24T21:56:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zahir</username>
        <id>35</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=250 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;'''Diana I of England and Scotland'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|'''Portrait'''|| [[Image:Queen Diana 1.jpg|thumb|Diana I of England and Scotland]]
|-
|'''Title:'''|| DIANA, First of that Name, by the grace of God QUEEN of 	England, Queen of Scotland, Queen of America(1), Queen of Australasia (2), Te Kuini Te Aotearoa, Defender of the Faith, and Protector of the Weak
|-
|'''Predecessor:'''|| [[Elizabeth I of England and Scotland|Elizabeth I]]
|-
|'''Successor:'''|| ''Incumbent''
|-
|'''Birth:'''|| July 4, 1975
|-
|'''Profession:'''|| Royalty
|-
|'''Political Party:'''|| None
|-
|'''Relgious Affiliation:'''|| ?????
|-
|'''Personal Arms'''|| [[Image:Royal arms scotland6.jpg|thumb|Royal arms of Scotland]][[Image:Royal arms england2.jpg|thumb|Royal arms of England]]
|}

'''Diana I''' is the current [[List of Monarchs of England and Scotland|queen]] of [[England]] and [[Scotland]].  She is the eldest daughter of Elizabeth I, born on July 4, 1975.

She has reigned since 1997, when her mother abdicated in her favor, and her style is:

&lt;--&lt;i&gt;(I hasten to add that this is *not* the Queen of Hearts from our timeline: she's also Head of the Second House of Plantagenet)&lt;/i&gt;--&gt;

(1): Not all of America, of course, only the English and Scottish provinces of the [[Solemn League and Covenant of North America]].
(2): ditto for australasia where she is the de jure head of state only of the provinces of [[English-Australia]] &amp; [[Kingsland]] (and kuini of [[Aotearoa]]). 

== Life ==
Queen Diana was born on July 4, 1975 to Queen Elizabeth I and Edmund Spenser. Unlike in previous tradition, she was not educated by governnesses but rather attended the St. Bernadette's College in Scotland. She later won a degree.  In 1998, Queen Diana married ''Malcolm Urquarht'' (born 1969), a former Royal Army Captain and then-Member of the Scottish Parliament.  He resigned his office the same year, but refused any personal title of his own, not even Prince Consort.   Since their marriage, Mr. Urquarht has increasingly functioned as Her Majesty's Chief of Staff. Common opinion in the FK is that he seems quite good at the job.  Rumor has it much of the royal family is split between those who favor and those who oppose the influence of Queen's husband, but so far there is nothing publicly to confirm this.  According to these rumors, the Dowager Queen Agatha and the Queen's cousin Victor, Duke of Windsor and Balmoral, are allied with Prince Albert (Diana's brother) against Urquarht, with the Queen Mother, the elderly Princess Alberta and Diana's sister Mary favoring him.  The former Prince Consort, although estranged from his children, seems to favor his eldest daughter's match.

The royal couple have two daughters, the heiress apparent ''Elizabeth'' (b. 2000) and ''Mary'' (b. 2002).


{|align=center border=1 cellpadding=3 style=&quot;background:#eeeeee&quot;
|align=center width=30% rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Elizabeth I of England and Scotland|Elizabeth I]]'''
|align=center width=40% | [[Image:Engflag.gif|50px]]&lt;br&gt;'''[[List of Monarchs of England and Scotland|Queen of England]]'''&lt;br&gt;1997-present
|align=center width=30% rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Heiress-apparent:&lt;br&gt;'''Elizabeth II'''
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; width=40%  | [[Image:Scotflag.gif|50px]]&lt;br&gt;'''Queen of Scotland'''&lt;br&gt;1997-present
|}


[[Category:English monarchs]]
[[Category:Incumbents]][[Category:Royalty]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Empress Gacudai</title>
    <id>869</id>
    <revision>
      <id>58569</id>
      <timestamp>2009-03-24T00:05:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{nation infobox}}
|+&lt;big&gt;'''学代天皇&lt;br&gt;Empress Gacudai'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|'''Relation to {{present Emperor}}''':||Mother
|-
|'''Relation to [[Emperor Saisei|Predecessor]]''':||Granddaughter
|-
|'''Relation to [[Emperor Xigehito|successor]]''':||Mother
|-
|'''Original Name''':||敬宮愛子内親王&lt;br&gt;Aico, Princess Toxi
|-
|'''Emperor of Japan:'''|| 127th
|-
|'''Date of birth:'''|| Saisei 31, Xigaçu 19&lt;br&gt;May 25, 1982
|-
|'''Date of death:'''|| Gacudai 3, Xitxigaçu 23&lt;br&gt;August 28, 2006
|-
|'''Place of death:'''|| [[Lyons-sur-Mizouri]], [[Louisianne]]
|}

'''Empress Gacudai''', commonly known as Empress Aico outside of [[Japan]], was the 127th occupant of the Chrysanthemum Throne.  She took power on Gacudai Gannen, Gogaçu 1 (June 5, 2004), innaugurating the Gacudai era.  Gacudai is her posthumous name, but during life, she was known simply as Her Majesty the Emperor*.  Her titles were: Emperor of Japan, Queen of [[Corea]], Queen of [[Yamato]], Over-Queen of [[Lùquiù]], High Queen of the [[Micronesian Confederation]], Protector of [[Nittatò]], Proprietor of [[Meidji-dò]], President of the [[East Asian Federation]], First Citizen of [[Ezo]], Defender of her Peoples, and Defender of the Faiths.

She was born as Aico, Princess Toxi (敬宮愛子内親王), the firstborn daughter of the slain [[Naruhito, Prince Hiro|Prince Hiro]], firstborn son of [[Emperor Saisei]].  She ascended the throne upon the abdication of her grandfather on Saisei 54/Gacudai Gannen, Gogaçu 1 (June 6, 2004).  She is the first woman to sit on the Imperial throne since Gosacuramatxi, who reigned AD 1763-1770, who had abdicated to her nephew when he came of age, and the first with actual power since the Còquen-Xòtocu Emperess of AD 749-758 and 764-770 (she was deposed in 758 and returned to power in 764).  The name of her reign, ''Gacudai'' (Haktai in Corean), translates as &quot;Age of Learning&quot;, and in her ascension speech, she declared a desire to encourage the sciences in the Empire.  Her formal coronation was held Gacudai 2, Gogaçu 1 (June 6, 2005).  She married [[Masahito, Prince Alisugawa]] on the same day.

According to [[Xintò]], she was a living goddess, and descendeant of Amaterasu Òmicami, goddess of the sun.  According to [[Zesucutò]], she was a living ''seidjin'' (holy person/saint), and descendant of King David of Israel (Isuraeru no Dabido Ò).

&lt;nowiki&gt;*The&lt;/nowiki&gt; term ''Emperor'' is the standard translation of the Japanese ''tennò'', regardless of the gender of the person who holds the title.  The term ''empress'' is reserved to wives of the Emperor who have been specially given the title.  The Western press initially, for the most part, followed the Japanese usage.  However, after the first couple of years, a number of newspapers have quietly switched to Empress.

Her Majesty received her college education in the [[Imperial University]] System at [[Quiòto Imperial University]] prior to her ascent to the throne.

On Gacudai 3, Itxigaçu 14 (February 18, 2006), it was announced that she was pregnant with twin boys.  On Xigaçu 18 (May 25), she gave birth to the future [[Emperor Xigehito]] and [[Prince Nolihito]].

==Assassination==
On August 28, 2006, Empress Aico was assassinated by unknown hands in [[Lyons-sur-Mizouri]].  The investigation is ongoing. 


{| border=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=3 style=&quot;background:#eeeeee&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot; rowspan=3|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Emperor Saisei|Saisei]]'''
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|[[Image:Ezo flag.gif|50px]]&lt;br&gt;'''First Citizen of [[Ezo]]'''&lt;br&gt;2004&amp;ndash;2006
|width=&quot;30%&quot; rowspan=2|Succeeded by&lt;br&gt;'''[[Maco, Princess Masaxi]]'''*
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|[[Image:TAR-flag.png|50px]]&lt;br&gt;'''President of [[East Asian Federation]]'''&lt;br&gt;2004&amp;ndash;2006
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|[[Image:Japan flag.png|50px]]&lt;br&gt;'''Emperor of [[Japan]]'''&lt;br&gt;2004&amp;ndash;2006
|width=&quot;30%&quot; rowspan=2|Succeeded by&lt;br&gt;'''[[Emperor Xigehito|Xigehito]]'''
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;''New Title''
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|[[Image:Yamato flag.gif|50px]]&lt;br&gt;'''Queen of [[Yamato]]'''&lt;br&gt;2004&amp;ndash;2006
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*Princess&lt;/nowiki&gt; Masaxi holds those titles in her capacity as Imperial Regent.  Xigehito will succeed to them when he reaches adulthood.

[[Category:Emperors of Japan|Gacudai]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ho Chi Minh</title>
    <id>870</id>
    <revision>
      <id>44763</id>
      <timestamp>2007-03-19T08:58:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">(&lt;i&gt;not to be confused with the person of the same surname *here*&lt;/i&gt;)

'''Bao Long''' is the present Emperor of [[Nam Viet]] (1995-Present). Surnamed 'Ho Chi Minh' for 'He Who Enlightens' as he has sought to bring Nam Viet to the technological future. He has recently actively negotiated foreign investment to increase the country's status.

[[Category:World Leaders]]
[[Category:Incumbents]]
[[Category:Nam Viet]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Succession</title>
    <id>871</id>
    <revision>
      <id>59310</id>
      <timestamp>2009-05-07T14:17:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caeruleancentaur</username>
        <id>197</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Orders of Successions in Nations of Ill Bethisad */ Added MR succession reference</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">= Orders of Successions in Nations of Ill Bethisad =

Succession to the [[Archimandrite, MR|Archimandriteship of the Monastic Republic]]&lt;br&gt;
Succession to the [[Chuukese Succession|Chuukese Throne]]&lt;br&gt;
Succession to the [[Japanese Succession|Japanese Throne]]&lt;br&gt;
Succession to the [[Lùquiù Succession|Lùquiù Throne]]&lt;br&gt;
Succession to the [[Togan Succession|Togan Throne]]

[[Category:Government]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jac von Ripper</title>
    <id>872</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32698</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-06T08:33:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">A London born Tang boss. The following is a transcript of a correspondence between a [[Canton]]ese and a [[Kemr]]ese intelligence officer. 

In one of our Cantonese intelligence services, we have the fortune/misfortune of knowing one irrepressibly criminal genius who code-named himself &quot;Jac von Ripper&quot; who hails from the [[Federated Kingdoms|FK]] (says that FK authorities exiled him after leading his 46th prison riot and break-out and that most of civilized Europe would not miss him too much if he ceased to exist. [Please confirm or deny this person's identity and brief us if you confirm]). 

Ah, him. I suspect the sharks spat him out of the ocean! &quot;Jac von Ripper&quot;, aka [[Will Haxby]]; born 1956 in an alley in London. Associated himself with London underworld until 1970 when he left in disgust, describing it in his own words as &quot;bein a load o daft bloody fairies&quot;. He flirted with CN for a while, and was personally responsible for ''both'' South End Lynchings (1971 and 1973), where a total 34 Englishmen were tortured, mutilated and hanged in 1971 and a further 28 in 1973. In that period, he landed in the Cambrian prison system and promptly engineered a series of deadly riots and escapes. CN wouldn't have him back (his methods were too disgusting even for them) and he drifted into Esca by 1978. There he came in contact with Eastern forms of criminal behaviour and gang structures. By 1981 he was practically in control of Chinatown, but was broken by rivals from Hong Kong sent over special. The next decade was spent in and out of maximum security prisons, engineering riots, gang warfare and daring escapes. He was exiled in 1995. Oh for the cleanliness of the drop! He could have met his just desserts with Jack Ketch's compliments in 1969, had they not retired the old Service a few years previous. 

Europe of any stripe wouldn't miss him a jot if he snuffed it. Politely or otherwise! 

He leads a rather sinisterly roguish band of Cantonese, Hakka, Nung, Jews, Cossacks, Mongols, Maori, Malays, Dyaks, Masai, and other fierce &quot;tribals&quot; in secret-police-like counter-espionage actions. 

Sounds right up his alley. Secret-police, eh? Who gave him the fancy toys? He's bad enough with a length of stout rope! 

At this time, we have no &quot;polite&quot; (non-lethal) way of controlling Jac's Band's more outrageous brigandish and murderous ways. 

Ah, yes? Better thou than us, yes? Maybe it loses a little in translation?

[[Category:People|Von Ripper, Jac]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vissarionov</title>
    <id>873</id>
    <revision>
      <id>52808</id>
      <timestamp>2008-07-30T18:40:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Benkarnell</username>
        <id>190</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* In Popular Culture */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Iosif Vissarionov was a [[Russia|Russian]] dictator, Chairman of the [[White Council]], President of the [[SNOR]] and Supreme Leader of the Russian People from 1937 until his death in 1958. 

== History ==

 [[Image:Vassiliovitch-hat.jpg|thumb|Picture of Vissarionov in the early days of his reign.]]

In 1937, admiral Kolchak, the Supreme Leader of the Russian Empire, died of old age. He was succeeded by general Iosif Vissarionov. In the beginning, the generals Denikin and Kolchak had only raised their eyebrows, when the young, illiterate farmer Vissarionov showed up in their ranks. They had a really good laugh as he tried to obtain a minor position in their government - but nevertheless gave it to him. Twenty years later their laughter would eventually be over, when Denikin and Wrangel had to confess all possible crimes - including communist sympathies and cooperation with Western secret services - in one out of many show processes that lead to as many death penalties. 

It was Vissarionov who eventually helped Russia through the Second Great War the aftermath of which was to expend his control over much of eastern europe by setting up puppet states.

During the last years of his life, Iosif Vissarionov suffered from severe paranoia. He surrounded himself with sycophants, and his regime became more and more oppressive. But despite the outrageous amount of terror and violence he used against his subjects, popular discontent grew. The national minorities, tired of the severe russification programme and inspired by the developments in Estonia and Hungary, started demanding autonomy. In several places riots broke out. 

When Vissarionov eventually died in 1958, he was most or less automatically succeeded by his personal aide, general [[Andrei Vlasov]]

Note: Iosif Vissarionov should not to be confused with [[Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili]], a radical priest in [[Georgia]] sometime known as &quot;Stalin&quot;.

== In Popular Culture ==
[[Image:Der-drag-screengrab.jpg|thumb|Copyrights 1939 by Metropolitan Moving Pictures]]
Vissarionov was a a frequent source of humour in western media and an easy person to caricature. He can be seen to the right in a still from the 1939 cartoon &quot;Scales &amp; Hairs&quot; (staring Derek the Dragon) where he is depicted as a buffoonish blowhard.

This cartoon, although popular, was not seen for quite some time has it was considered &quot;too political&quot;. Bootleg copies of it circulated during the 1960s and was popular with anti-snorists groups especialy on university campuses. 

{{infobox office |
office      = [[Rulers of Russia|Supreme Leader of the Russian People]] |
flag        = snor-nat.png |
predecessor = [[Kolchak|Aleksandr Kolchak]] |
successor   = [[Andrei Vlasov]]
}}
[[Category:Russian persons]]
[[Category:World Leaders]]
[[Category:Snorism]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mark Urelj</title>
    <id>874</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32811</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-06T10:49:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">&lt;b&gt;M&amp;#225;rk Ur&amp;#233;lj&lt;/b&gt;: Pen name of M&amp;#225;rk Venedjec 1851-1904. Ur&amp;#233;lj was the first great author in [[{{SLVL}}]].

In his youth Ur&amp;#233;lj wrote several unpublished short stories and novel attempts in Hungarian and German before he at the
age of 26 read a couple of {{SLVA}} poems by [[Mrac|Pavel Mr&amp;#225;c]] in Martin Mrác's newspaper &lt;i&gt;Corier Slevanie&amp;#231;&lt;/i&gt;.  He decided to thenceforth write in {{SLVL}} and turned to drama as his medium.  Although Ur&amp;#233;lj thus belongs to the so-called [[Mrac|Mracian]] awakening he rejected the complicated Mracian orthography and used a private phonetic orthography based on that of [[Wenedyk]].

Ur&amp;#233;lj's work, starting with his debut work &lt;i&gt;Vratrje&lt;/i&gt; &quot;The Brothers&quot; of 1878, mainly adresses the iniquities of contemporary bourgeois life.  The 1884 play &lt;i&gt;Andreji Tvery Vilje&lt;/i&gt; &quot;The daughters of Andrej Tv&amp;#233;r&quot; caused public debate because of its severe criticism against arranged marriages.  The bulky novel &lt;i&gt;M&amp;#243;rt ja Domu&lt;/i&gt; &quot;A dead in the House&quot; of 1898 is generally seen as an autobigraphical account of Ur&amp;#233;lj's childhood and youth.

Márk Urélj died of tuberculosis in a sanatorium in Hungary.

[[User:BenctPhilip|BPJ]] 13:22, 26 October 2005 (PDT)

[[Category:Slevania|Urelj]]
[[Category:Authors|Urelj]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ricardo Tramethyck</title>
    <id>875</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32810</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-06T10:49:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Early 19th century high king of Dumnonia and Rheithur of Dûnein province in [[Kemr]]. He was a forward thinking engineer and inventor of several practical steam engines. Inventor of the steam locomotive and founder of the Kemran Railway Co. He laid out the fundamental rights of way and designed many of the most striking railway viaducts in Britain.

[[Category:Local Leaders|Tramethyck]]
[[Category:Kemr|Tramethyck]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Liliana Spada</title>
    <id>876</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26212</id>
      <timestamp>2006-01-06T07:28:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Born in 1929 in Arezzo, [[Tuscany]], [[Italy]], the eldest daughter of Col. Eugenio Spada and Ersilia Mirafiore. After successfully obtaining a Doctorate at the University of Siena in Political History she began teaching at the University of Florence. She married in 1956 textile businessman Ottaviano della Genga. In 1970 she widowed and took over the presidency of her husband's business. Through her management the company quickly began to expand worldwide, and Liliana Spada became known worldwide as a financier and industrialist. In 1992 she was appointed member of the Court of the Wise and she joined the Liberal Democratic Union (ULD), then a very small party. By 1995 she realised of the lack of leadership existing in the Italian poltical establishment. In 1996 she made a ferocious campaign and was elected to the premiership but without a parliamentary majority. The ULD governed in coalition with the Christian Socialist Movement (MSC), the Italian Popular Party (PPI), the Venetian League (LLV) and the Green List (LV). In 2000 the ULD won a majority in parliament and in 2004 it repeated.

[[Category:World Leaders|Spada]]
[[Category:Incumbents|Spada]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Joseph Smith, Jr.</title>
    <id>877</id>
    <revision>
      <id>57656</id>
      <timestamp>2009-02-24T18:30:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Early life */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Joseph Smith, Jr.''' (December 23, 1805 &amp;ndash; June 23, 1845) was the founder and leader of the [[Mormonism|Latter Day Saint movement]]. His followers revere him as a prophet and martyr. In 1844, he ran for [[Prefects of Louisianne#Osage|Prefect]] of [[Osage]] on an anti-slavery platform, and was the first candidate to be assassinated during a campaign. 

According to Latter Day Saint doctrine, when Smith was fourteen years old, God the Father and Jesus appeared to him and indicated that through him the [[Mormonism|Church of Jesus Christ]] would be restored to the Earth, after being forsaken in a Great Apostasy. 

Following this, Smith translated several volumes of scripture, including ''The [[Book of Mormon]]'' and portions of ''The Pearl of Great Price'', and dictated new revelation, some of which is contained in what is now known as ''The Doctrine and Covenants'' and Inspired Translation of the Bible. Smith and the [[Mormonism|Latter Day Saint movement]] he initiated are sometimes considered part of the early 19th century Restorationism movement.

Critics regarded him, his religion, and his politics with contempt and often violence: Smith was killed by a mob at [[Paris-sur-Mizouri]], in 1845. Smith and his legacy continue to evoke strong emotion; his life and works are subject to considerable debate and research. Some Latter Day Saints regard negative criticism as verification of a prophecy Smith asserted he received at seventeen years of age, that his name and reputation &quot;should be had for good and evil among all nations, kindreds, and tongues, or that it should be both good and evil spoken of among all people.&quot; [http://scriptures.lds.org/bm/jsphsmth]

====Fast Facts====
* Born in South Royalton, [[New Hampshire]] ([[NAL-SLC]]) 23 December 1805.
* Smith Family relocates to [[Pennsylvaania]] / [[Aquanishuonigy]] border town of Palmyra.
* Declares his vision of God and Jesus Christ in 1819.
* Tells of translation of Golden Plates late 1829 / early 1830.
* Establishes [[Mormonism|Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], April 4, 1830 in Kirtland, Aquanishuonigy, NAL-SLC.
* 1831 Receives revelation to relocate church to central [[Osage]] / Les Plaines, Louisianne.
* Suffering heavy persecutions in [[Les Plaines]], [[NAL-SLC]],  the Church and Joseph completely relocate to [[Louisianne]] in July 1831 (Thermidor, An 39).
* Prophet and brother, [[Hyrum Smith]] martyred in Paris-sur-Mizouri June 23, 1845 (5 Messidor, an 53)

==Early life==
Smith was born in Sharon, in western New Hampshire, the fourth child of Joseph Smith, Sr. and Lucy Mack Smith. The Smiths suffered considerable financial problems and moved several times in and around New England. One of these moves was precipitated by the &quot;Year Without a Summer&quot; caused by the eruption of the Tambora volcano.

During the winter of 1812-1813, Smith's leg became seriously infected. Some doctors advised amputation, but Smith's family refused. Smith later recovered, though he used crutches for several years and was bothered with a limp for the rest of his life.

Court records show Smith was examined on March 20, 1826; regarding charges of &quot;disorderly conduct&quot; for money-digging activities using supposedly supernatural stones to dig for treasure.  This was an action probably brought by sons of Josiah Stowell, Joseph Smith's employer at the time.  As his employer, Stowell had prevailed upon Joseph Smith to attempt to find buried treasure through supernatural means and against Joseph Smith's desire or advice.  Eventually Joseph Smith was successful in terminating this fruitless &quot;treasure digging&quot; event, but not before earning the enmity of some of Josiah Stowell's sons.  (Josiah felt that Joseph Smith was a harder worker).  At the examination (it was not a trial) seven witnesses were called and most of them affirmed that Joseph Smith had some sort of spiritual gift and the legal examination resulted in no action against Smith. Most scholars of the time period acknowledge that &quot;treasure digging&quot; was a common form of folk magic (like water dowsing) and that Smith would have not been unique in its practice.  

Smith married [[Emma Hale Smith|Emma Hale]] on January 18, 1827.  Some sources report the couple eloped due to the Hale family's disapproval of Smith.

===The First Vision===
Over the years Smith described this experience in various detail, and in his last written account (1838) he stated that he saw God the Father and Jesus Christ sometime in the spring of 1820, when he was fourteen years old. This vision changed forever his relationships in his family and community.  Within the [[Mormonism|Latter-day Saint movement]] today, this theophany is seen as vitally important. ''See'' [[Wikipedia:First Vision|First Vision]].

===The Angel Moroni===
Smith claimed that he was visited by an angel, Moroni, three times during the evening and night of September 21, 1823, and once more in the morning of September 22.  Moroni told Smith about gold plates or tablets hidden in the ground near his home, on a hill called Cumorah. These plates were said to contain an account of ancient inhabitants of the Americas and their relationship with Jesus Christ, inscribed in [[Wikipedia:reformed Egyptian|reformed Egyptian]] characters.

On September 22, 1823, Smith went to the hill to recover the plates, but was forbidden to do so during a fifth visitation by Moroni, who said Smith was not yet ready to receive them.

Smith returned to the hill, as directed by Moroni, on September 22, 1824, 1825, and 1826, and claimed Moroni returned each time, counseling and teaching him. On 22 September 1827, according to his own account, Smith was allowed to take the plates, as well as the [[Wikipedia:Urim and Thummim|Urim and Thummim]] and a breastplate to be used in the translation process.

An official account of the First Vision and this encounter with Moroni by Smith is contained in the [[Wikipedia:Pearl of Great Price|Pearl of Great Price]] in [[Wikipedia:Joseph Smith-History|Joseph Smith-History]], verses [http://scriptures.lds.org/js_h/1 1-20 &amp; 27-54].

===Translation of the Book of Mormon===
Smith translated portions of the sacred writing on the plates from December 1827 to February 1828, Emma Smith and her brother Reuben acting as scribes. It is commonly believed that Joseph Smith translated the plates using divine guidance and the Urim and Thummim. In addition, Smith and his scribes gave additional accounts as to how Smith accomplished his translations with the use of direct revelation, study, and other mediums. 

[[Wikipedia:Martin Harris|Martin Harris]] acted as scribe for Smith's translations from April to June of 1828. In early April, 1829, Smith began translating again, with [[Wikipedia:Oliver Cowdery|Oliver Cowdery]] as scribe. Others also helped. When translation was complete, Smith returned the plates to Moroni.

During translation, the scribes never physically saw the gold plates. Later, three men, and then eight others, were allowed to view the plates. Mary Whitmer, who boarded Joseph Smith and his wife during the final phase of the translation, said she was shown the plates by Moroni. Many in Smith's family and his wife reported touching and moving the plates as they lay under a heavy cloth or in a bag in the normal course of cleaning or during travel. 

The Book of Mormon was first published on March 26, 1830.

===Founding the Church===
According to Cowdery and Smith, on May 15, 1829, they both received the Aaronic Priesthood by laying on of hands from John the Baptist (in angelic form).  Then, by virtue of this claim to priesthood, they baptized each other by immersion. Peter, James, and John the Apostle also came to them between May and June 1829 and ordained them to the Melchizedek Priesthood. Latter Day Saints believe that these events were necessary for the restoration of the Church. 

In 1830, on April 6, Smith and five others formally established &quot;The Church of Christ&quot; (later to be named Church of Latter Day Saints (1834), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (1838) after Smith's death the largest portion would become known as [[Eglise de Jesus-Christ des Saints des Derniers Jours|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] under New York state laws and ''L'Eglise de Jesus-Christ des Saints des Derniers Jours'' in Louisianne where the church is headquartered. Smith and others quickly began proselytizing and baptizing new members. 

Throughout this period, Smith asserted that he had received revelations from God directing the organization of the Church and instructing its members. These prophecies were compiled as ''The Book of Commandments'', later published as the Doctrine and Covenants in 1835.

===The Location of &quot;Zion&quot;===

In his own words, Joseph said, &quot;I received, by a heavenly vision, a commandment in June [1831] to take my journey beyond the western boundaries of this North American League, to the country of Louisianna and the Territory of Osage and there designate the very spot which was to be the central place for the commencement of the gathering together of those who embrace the fullness of the Everlasting Gospel.&quot; (''History of the Church 2:254'').


{| border=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;
| rowspan=4 align=&quot;center&quot;|'''Joseph Smith, Jr.'''&lt;br /&gt;Founding president of &lt;br/&gt;the [[Wikipedia:Church of Christ (Mormonism)|Church of Christ]] (1830&amp;ndash;1838)&lt;br/&gt;later called &lt;br/&gt;the [[Eglise de Jesus-Christ des Saints des Derniers Jours|Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints]] (1838&amp;ndash;1844)
| colspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot;|Successor (as claimed by several competing [[Mormonism|Latter Day Saint movement]] churches):
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;|'''[[Mormonism#Presidents of the LDS Church|President]] of [[Eglise de Jesus-Christ des Saints des Derniers Jours|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]'''&lt;br /&gt;[[Brigham Young]]&lt;br/&gt;1847&amp;ndash;1877
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;|'''President of the &quot;RLDS Church&quot;'''&lt;br /&gt;[[Joseph Smith III]]&lt;br/&gt;1860&amp;ndash;1914
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;|'''President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite)'''&lt;br /&gt;James Strang&lt;br/&gt;1844&amp;ndash;1856
|}


[[Category:Religious Leaders|Smith, Joseph II]]
[[Category:Mormonism|Smith, Joseph II]]
[[Category:Louisianne|Smith, Joseph II]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Andrew Smith</title>
    <id>878</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32539</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-05T10:11:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Andrew Smith''' is a prolific author of historical-fantasy novels (a series of which details the strange history of the Saxons sacking Britain, and other curiosities); has also created a number of role playing systems. Lives in Dun Edin, [[Aotearoa]] with two cats, which explains rather a lot. Smith is keenly interested in local and national advocacy and social justice issues.

[[Category:Authors|Smith, Andrew]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Geoffrey Sessions</title>
    <id>879</id>
    <revision>
      <id>61553</id>
      <timestamp>2009-08-23T05:00:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elemtilas</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Some famous quotes */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Pic_sessions.jpg|thumb|150px| &quot;We must seek the dissolution of the abberant Louisiannan nation!&quot;]]'''[http://www.bethisad.com/sessions.htm Geoffrey Sessions, MP (C-Mobile)]''' is a member of the [[NAL-SLC|American]] parliament from the western province of [[Mobile]]. A vociferous Conservative of [[Scotland|Scots]]-[[Kemr]]ese extraction. Nicknames like &quot;Cosh Em When They Aint Lookin&quot;, refering to his strong stands on crime and punishment, and &quot;Mouth of the South&quot; in reference to his loud and uncouth mannerisms (not to mention his outspoken opinions on foreigners, nonpresbyterians and just about anything that doesn't originate in Mobile province) are entirely well earned. His more gentlemanly opponents in the congress call him a &quot;political firecracker and no mistake&quot;; others have come right out and said &quot;Calling the man an insignificant git would be a baseless insult on insignificant gits worldwide.&quot;

=== Political Career ===
Ran for sheriff of parish Montgomery on a platform consisting solely of &quot;kickin six kinds of hell out o them damned Philly Yankees and [[Louisianne|Louisianan]] [[Catholicism|Catholics]]&quot;.

Made an unsuccessful bid for [[General Moderators|GM]] in 1990 crying &quot;Let's get them damned [[England|English]] Catholics out of American business!&quot;

Has been providing comic relief from Mobile as MP since the early 1980s with gems like the following...

=== Some famous quotes ===

* &quot;We must hereby seek the complete annulment of the abberant Louisianan nation!&quot;
* &quot;We must boycott all Lousianan goods marked with that Satanic metric rubbish. How do you know if they're really giving you a bushelworth of apples when you end up with some damned little basket marked in gibberish!?&quot;
* &quot;I swear, it was two Arvo birds in red frizzy wigs what done it!&quot;
* &quot;...it's because the whole lot of em are in cahoots with space aliens.&quot;
* &quot;That's right, Larry, this is just part of their [[First Presidents of Louisianne|First President]]'s plot to take over the NAL.&quot;
* &quot;And I'll tell you this: the ungodly admission of foreign devils within the sacred precincts of the Council Fire is as a sure sign of the End Times as we could hope for!&quot; [http://www.bethisad.com/news2004b.htm 30/07/2004]
* &quot;Larry, for the record, let's get this straight right away: I didn't have nothin to do with that woman. Nothin at all! . . . What?  Oh. . . . Oh, &lt;i&gt;Hannah&lt;/i&gt; Coultier. I thought yez said &lt;i&gt;Anna&lt;/i&gt; Coultier. In that case, Larry, I move we strike this whole conversation from the record. Just strike it right off!  Except the bit about how them damned satan-worshipping Latter-Day-Catholic Loozianans are gonna cross the Mississippi River with their Doomsday weapons!...&quot; (May 2008)

=== Political Staying Power ===
The question often arises in political circles &lt;i&gt;Exactly &lt;b&gt;how&lt;/b&gt; does this obvious hack not only remain in office but increase in popularity with each passing election?&lt;/i&gt;

Philidelphian political commentator Trish Dunn explained on &lt;i&gt;The Press Engaged&lt;/i&gt;, a weekly political / current events programme broadcast by the ABC: &lt;i&gt;&quot;Harold Limbaugher got it spot on this week on his show. He astutely reminded us that, above all else, &quot;this ìs the South!&quot; He manages to stay in office by giving people generous portions of what they want most from their politicians: promises of a trimmer, healthier government while actually ensuring that a sufficient number of pounds go for local projects (not all of which are fatback projects). You balance the whole thing by ensuring local monies aren't trimmed too much and that fellow provincials on the Scheme get taken care of and Bob's thine uncle.&lt;/i&gt;

&lt;i&gt;He's really no worse than any other American politician (as evidenced by any slice of political rhetoric you care to listen to), apart from the obvious fixation on Martians. But then again, it seems to me he's just playing into cultural concerns over Martians! We're on the cusp of the space age, after all and &lt;b&gt;Certain Neighbours&lt;/b&gt; are reaching out to space, and of course there's all the legitimate concerns over Louisianna's shady sytem of measures and trade practices, First President Young's so-called &quot;reforms&quot; (it is a wonder he hasn't been assasinated by now) and vague military capability. It all adds up to considerable mistrust on the part of the border provinces, and Mr Sessions plays into that just enough to engage those voters with real or imagined concerns.&quot;&lt;/i&gt;
----
[[Category:NAL Politicians|Sessions, Geoffrey]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Berthold Rutan</title>
    <id>880</id>
    <revision>
      <id>48243</id>
      <timestamp>2007-09-11T18:50:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Burt Rutan.jpg|right|Burt Rutan]]
'''Berthold &quot;Burt&quot; Rutan''' (born June 17, 1943) is an [[aircraft]] designer known for designing light, strong, unusual-looking, energy-efficient aircraft. He is most famous for his design of the record breaking Putnik airplane, which was the first plane to fly around the world without stopping or refueling.

== Biography ==

Born and raised in [[Oregon|Portland, Oregon]], Rutan displayed an early interest in aircraft design. By the time he was eight years old, he was designing and building model airplanes. His first solo flight in a real airplane was an Aeronca Champ in 1959, when he was sixteen. In 1965 he graduated third in his class from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University with an aeronautical engineering degree.

From 1965 to 1972 Rutan worked for the NAL Air Force at Langley Air Force Base in [[Virginia]] as a flight test project engineer, working on nine separate projects including fighter spin tests and the XC-142 VSTOL transport.  Shortly after, he became director of the Bede Test Center for Bede Aircraft, in Riorges, Département of [[Dordogne]] ([[Nouvelle Cournouaille]]), a position he held until 1975.

Rutan struck out on his own in June of 1975 with the creation of the Rutan Aircraft Factory in the Mojave Desert of [[Alta California]], where he designed and developed prototypes for a number of aircraft, mostly home-built.  His first design was the VariViggen, a two-seat pusher with a canard in front.  The canard was later to become a standard feature in most Rutan designs.  In April 1982, Burt Rutan founded Aerospace Amalgamated, SA, which has become one of the world's pre-eminent aircraft prototyping facilities.  Aerospace Amalgamated is located in the Mojave Desert, although it appears that the major branch offices are moving into [[Louisianne]], adjacent to [[CNEL]]/[[ATOE]] Headquarters.

== Aircraft designs ==

Most of Rutan's aircraft are testbeds for technology to be used in production craft.  Over the years Burt Rutan has designed hundreds of aircraft, including the now-famous Putnik, which was piloted by his brother [[Dick Rutan|Dick]] in 1986 on a recordbreaking nine-day non-stop flight around the world.  He made headlines again in 2004 with his approach to Louisiannan and Scandinavian interests to help produce space vessels.

Some of his other designs include the Raytheon Beechcraft Starship, the Proteus, VariEze, Long-EZ, Quickie, Quickie 2, Defiant, and the Boomerang, a remarkable asymmetrical airplane.

Currently, he is working on a project to create another plane to circle the world non-stop.  Steve Fossett is hoping to use the GlobalFlyer, an aircraft similar to the Putnik design but with stiffer materials and a jet engine, to do the first solo non-stop flight around the world.

[[Category:Space Exploration|Rutan, Berthold]]
[[Category:Scientists|Rutan, Berthold]]
[[Category:Oregon]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gorbachenko</title>
    <id>881</id>
    <revision>
      <id>52810</id>
      <timestamp>2008-07-30T18:51:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Benkarnell</username>
        <id>190</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{|
|valign=&quot;top&quot; |
'''Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachenko''' (b. 1931) – The last leader of [[SNOR|snorist]] [[Russia]], and as such the last person who ever carried the title &quot;supreme leader of the Russian people&quot;. At a relatively young age, he succeeded the old and feeble Vitali Zeleznev as chairman of the White Council in 1985, which de facto made him leader of the [[SNOR]] and Russia's acting head-of-state. He was a moderate reformer, whose policies were mostly directed at streamlining the state apparatus. However, as the developments that would later cause the Russian Empire to collapse got out of hand, he did little to stop them; not because he actually wanted them to happen, but merely because he was unable control them.

Since the fall of the SNOR, Gorbachenko has run in every presidential election in the Russian Federation, but never obtained more than 1 % of the votes. However, he is considered a powerful candidate for the presidency of his native [[Don Republic]].

In 1993, Gorbachenko was the founder of the [[International Green Cross]].
||
[[Image:Gorbachenko.jpg]]
|}

{{infobox office |
office      = [[Rulers of Russia|Supreme Leader of the Russian People]] |
flag        = snor-nat.png |
predecessor = [[Vitali Zeleznev]] |
successor   = [[Grigori Lyopukhin]]
}}

[[Category:Russian persons|Gorbachenko, Aleksey]]
[[Category:Snorism]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jowan Quidgerey</title>
    <id>882</id>
    <revision>
      <id>33244</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-08T22:42:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Dr. '''Jowan Quidgerey''' (fl. 1600) was a medical doctor from Durow in southeastern Dûnein. He is best known for his large collection of traditional [[Kemr]]ese music, and especially the tunes composed by [[Kemper the Rover]]. The manuscripts, known as &quot;Dr. Widgery's Notebook&quot;, is kept at Kings College in Castreleon. Kemper was a good friend of the Quidgereys and stayed there often over the winters, composing tunes in honour of the Doctor, his wife and various household servants and visitors. Several early manuscripts donated by Quidgerey's descendants are kept at the National Museum at [[Castreleon]].


[[Category:Authors|Quidgerey, Jowan]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Richard Milhouse Nixon</title>
    <id>883</id>
    <revision>
      <id>51398</id>
      <timestamp>2008-06-28T02:21:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Misterxeight</username>
        <id>192</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Richard Milhouse Nixon''' (1913-1994) was a used-car salesman in Los Angeles, [[Alta California]].  He was well-known in the Los Angeles area for his oft-repeated claims of honest pricing, most famously in his catch-phrase &quot;I am not a crook&quot;.

He is survived by his wife Patricia, two daughters, [[Julietta Nixon|Julietta]] and Tricia and one son, [[Franklin Nixon|Franklin]]. Franklin got into some trouble during the recent War against [[Tejas]] due to his religious beliefs (Quaker). He is now a spokesman for OLR (Organización para Libertad Religiosa) in AC, trying to initiate an ammendment to the AC constitution that would guarantee the right to worship in accordance with one's own convictions and that no one would be forced or coerced to act in a way that would go against one's religious convictions.

His contribution would have been remembered better if it were not for an incident where a car he sold suddenly lost its brake, making it crash through the gate of the local water recycling plant and his following attempt to cover it up. The so called &quot;water's gate&quot; affair haunted him to his dying days....

The daughters do not lead public lives. Julietta is a mother of three and author of a popular series of children's books: &quot;Adventuras de Kiki!&quot;. Patricia is a psychiatrist, now living in [[Montrei]].

[DH &amp; PB]

[[Category:People]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Napoleon</title>
    <id>884</id>
    <revision>
      <id>61064</id>
      <timestamp>2009-08-04T15:44:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Benkarnell</username>
        <id>190</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Napoleon's rule in Luxemburg */ clarify</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Napoleon''', the Tallest Short Man in European History was Emperor of the [[France|French]], King of [[Spain]] and the Italies, Holy Roman Emperor. 

Napoleon has often been characterized as a calculating man, carefully plotting out his conquest of the known world.  He united [[France]], conquered Iberia, Italy and bullied the [[Papal States|Holy See]] and the [[Germany|Holy Roman]] Diet into recognizing his authority.  Seeing the juggernaut, the [[Republic of the Two Crowns]] signed an alliance.

His goal of conquest was not world domination, however, but the re-creation of the [[Roman Empire]].

Following his conquests of Europe, Napoleon quickly realized that an empire taken by force and held by force would only last as long as his military might.  He quickly sought to negotiate with the former heads of state, allowing them to continue, but as his vassals.  All but the Papal States and the Kingdom of [[Two Sicilies]] acquiesced to his request.

After the initial attack of [[Russia]] in 1809, Napoleon signed the Treaty of Hospitality with [[Nassland]]. Under pressure of newly appearing [[Scandinavian Realm]], this was later renegotiated and the French troops who had been granted quarter in [[Nassland]] were removed, although the offer to [[France]] to quarter troops within [[Nassland]] remained.  The new treaty was signed in Sankt Petersburg in 1810, and was ratified at the [[Congress of Vienna]].

This ''grande oeuvre'', which was quickly destroyed by Napoleon's [[Napoleon II|young heir]], had for nearly all the years of Napoleon's life brought peace and stability to Europe.

==Napoleon's rule in Luxemburg==
[[Luxemburg]] had been occupied by Republican France in 1794, its annexation confirmed by treaty with [[Prussia]] and [[Austro-Dalmatia]] in 1795.

While Napoleon was consolidating his power in France, he was also slowly and methodically constructing a new political order in Europe, a system of allied states subject to himself.  Believing himself the new Caesar, he desired the title of Holy Roman Emperor.  This elective position, for centuries monopolized by the Austrian Habsburg family, would help give Napoleon what he wanted most: a restored Roman Empire with himself as its head.  It would also allow him to keep an eye on his rivals Austria and Prussia, both of them located partly inside the Empire.

Therefore, Napoleon began to carve German states out of the French conquests in 1802, putting family members or loyal supporters on their thrones.  In 1804 he re-established the Duchy of Luxemburg approximately along its former borders.  He elevated it to the status of Grand Duchy and took the title of Grand Duke himself.  

The Luxemburgish national memory is in general anti-France; however, most Luxemburgers look fondly upon Napoleon himself.  This may be because, despite the fact that to him Luxemburg was little more than a political stepladder, he nonetheless lavished attention on his Grand Duchy.  The most visible example of this is the magnificent Groussherzogleche Plädse (Grand Ducal Palace).  In 1805 Napoleon began working closely with the architects on its design, modeled on the ruins of palaces on the Palatine Hill in Rome.  A stunning piece of propaganda, it made his intentions clear: it was not a palace for a Grand Duke, but for an Emperor.

In 1806, Franz II of Austria abdicated his imperial title.  Napoleon quickly convened the Reichstag; there was little doubt whom they would elect.  Napoleon, as Grand Duke of Luxemburg, was elevated to King of the Romans.  In 1806 he became Emperor twice in a double coronation: after crowning himself Emperor of the French, he had the Pope crown him Roman Emperor, an ancient ceremony that no Habsburg had bothered with since the 15th century.

Although Luxemburg had been integrated into the French administrative system for a decade, Napoleon insisted that it be treated as a separate country.  A compulsive reformer, he granted it its own Parliament, albeit not a very powerful one.  He had his ''Code civil'' dutifully translated into [[Jovian]] and applied separately in Luxemburg.  The soldiers stationed in the country and garissoned in the great fortress were mostly Frenchmen, but Napoleon saw that they were issued separate uniforms as part of a new Army of Luxemburg.  France continued to handle the currency, post, and other services - Napoleon justified this by concluding a number of ''pro forma'' treaties with himself.  In general, Napoleon greatly improved the economic and social well-being of the little country.  Napoleon's legacy remains quite noticeable in Luxemburg.  Its legal code, for example, remains the most Napoleonic in Germany.

Napoleon spent a considerable amount of time at the Groussherzogleche Plädse, especially in the years immediately following his coronation.  From here he administered the government of the Holy Roman Empire, so Luxemburg had the distinction of being Germany's capital throughout the Napoleonic period.  He instituted many reforms in Germany: he instituted versions of  his ''Zivilrechtliche Gesetzbücher'' throughout the German states, and at the Congress of Vienna he succeed in revoking the independence of hundreds of independent bishoprics, abbeys, lordships, and knightly estates.  However, he was never able to overhaul the internal governance of the Empire to the extent that he wanted.

After the Congress of Vienna, Napoleon visited his Luxemburgish domain less frequently, leaving the administration to appointed viceroys, usually from his own family.

===Arms and flag===
[[Image:Bat.gif|right|thumb|100px|Flag of Napoleonic Luxemburg]]
Following his policy of treading Luxemburg as a totally separate country, Napoleon used a separate coat of arms in his rôle as Grand Duke.  He placed the ancient arms of Luxemburg (barry of ten, argent and azure, a red lion gules armed, langued, and crowned or) on the breast of his trademark &quot;aigle à l'antique&quot;, a golden Roman-style eagle clutching a thunderbolt.  In the full achievement, he put the eagle beneath a &quot;grand ducal mantle&quot; of red covered in bees, a mantling still used by today's Grand Dukes.

Under Napoleon, Luxemburg also received a new, &quot;revolutionary&quot; flag, an unsightly horizontal tricolor based on the red, white, and blue of the country's coat of arms.  While well-intentioned, the flag proved to be indistinguishable from that of the neighboring Batavian Kingdom.  It saw sporadic use until 1871, when Luxemburg officially adopted its banner of arms as a national flag.

{| border=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;''First Republic''
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|'''Emperor of [[France]]'''&lt;br&gt;1806-1821
|width=&quot;30%&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|Succeeded by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Napoleon II]]'''
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;''Vacant''
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|'''Co-Prince of [[Andorra]]'''&lt;br&gt;1806-1821
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Franz II]]'''
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|'''[[Grand Dukes of Luxemburg|Grand Duke of Luxemburg]]'''&lt;br&gt;1804-1821
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|'''[[Germany|Holy Roman Emperor]]'''&lt;br&gt;1806-1821
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Succeeded by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Franz II]]'''
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;'''August IV the Saviour'''
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|'''Elective King of the [[RTC]]'''&lt;br&gt;1803-1825
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Succeeded by:&lt;br&gt;'''Jan IV the Corpse'''
|}

{{LuxGrandDukes}}
[[Category:World Leaders]]
[[Category:France]]
[[Category:Andorra]]
[[Category:Holy Roman Empire]]
[[Category:RTC]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jose Murillo</title>
    <id>885</id>
    <revision>
      <id>33243</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-08T22:42:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''José Olivier Murillo''' (1929-1996) was a native of [[Jamaica]].  He was born to a [[Hayti|Haytian]] mother and a [[Florida-Caribbea|Florido]]-[[Cruzan Islands|Cruzan]] father. Dissilusioned by the imperialism of the Floridian government, Murillo removed to Charlotte Amalia and was attracted by other Caribbean intelligensia. He is considered one of the greatest thinkers and writers produced in mid century Cruzan Islands, and was a 'founding father' of the avant garde Nordicalypso literature evolving in the Cruzans during the 1950s. A constant agitator for Cruzan independence, Murillo was a staunch Nordicalypso - a person with &quot;one's feet firmly planted in the Nordic while the heart and spirit are free to roam Hispanicity&quot;. His &quot;Yo Soy Vestfirskr&quot; (1956, under the pen name Jomó) was a definitive statement on the nature of the new amalgamted culture evolving in the Cruzans.

[[Category:Authors|Murillo, Jose]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Andrew Morris</title>
    <id>886</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32762</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-06T09:56:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Andrew Morris''' is the richest man in the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]]. Apparently made at least one fortune in [[computers]] and another in the ecotourism industry. Morris is the current Master of Lundy Island.

[[Category:People|Morris, Andrew]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Commonwealth of Nations</title>
    <id>887</id>
    <revision>
      <id>56419</id>
      <timestamp>2009-01-23T13:21:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Benkarnell</username>
        <id>190</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Comnat.jpg|thumb|150px|A map of all the lands belonging to the Commonwealth of Nations.]]
[[Image:Commonwealth countries.PNG|thumb|150px|The Commonwealth states divided according to head of state.]]
Formed as previous Imperial Dominions were granted independence, the Commonwealth of Nations serves as a large supranational economic and military organisation. Individual member countries may be independent nations or dominions of one of the British monarchies, most are bound together in acknowledging one of the British monarchs (Queen Diana of [[Scotland]] and [[England]] or else King Peter of [[Kemr]]) as the head of state. The Commonwealth is more than just an association of related cricket and rugby leages, it is also an economic and currency union and also a military and defence alliance.

Since the end of the [[Florida War]] in 2004, there has been an ongoing discussion between the members of the [[East Caribbean Province]] and the [[West Caribbean Province]] with other members of the former [[Florida-Caribbea]] to federate into a [[Caribbean League]] based loosely upon the [[NAL-SLC|North American League]]. Talks have generally stalled due to reticence on the part of French and Batavian colonies to repudiate their exclusive relationships with their motherlands. Other potential members would rather seek union with the NAL. Many other issues need to be hammered out before any kind of strong proposal can be issued.
[[Image:Flag commonwealth.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Flag of the Commonwealth]]

There are two classes of membership in the Commonwealth: Full and Associate. Full members are bound to all aspects of the underlying Treaty and also partake in all Sessions and may vote as needed. Unlike full members, associate members do not participate in the economic and monetary union but still participate in the diplomatic and military aspects of the union, with special reservations provided by their individual treaties with the Commonwealth.

==Historical Background==

The 16th through 18th centuries was the era called the [[Wikipedia:Age of Discovery|Age of Discovery]]. This was the time when European and Asian powers were exploring the world and establishing their political influence via colonies. All three British nations planted their colonial flags in every corner of the world, and upon formation of the Federated Kingdoms in 1805, created the British Empire, an organisation where each nation ruled over its own colonies but they all enjoyed a unifrom system of jurisprudence, currency and mutual defence. The 19th century saw the perfection of this empire and the 20th saw its change into a Commonwealth of equal nations that all have a share in the cultures exported from Britain during the earlier period.

During the postwar years, many countries that formed the British Empire sought a more independent existence. It was during this process that the Commonwealth was formed; it serves as a large supranational economic and military organisation. The Commonwealth is also a cultural union of sorts. Students everywhere in the Commonwealth study topics centered on the other member nations; cultural exchange programmes between schools and cultural organisations exist; sports teams engage in exhibitions and of course there are the Commonwealth Games where not only are national sports exhibited but also grand competitions in the major sports of cricket, football and the like are held.

==The Member Nations and Territories of the Commonwealth==

====Ascension Island====
Ascension Island (K) is a Kemrese military installation in the middle of the South Atlantic Ocean between Africa and America.

====Australasia====
Australasia is a federation of four territories (the former British colonies of Geireinti, Kingsland, New South Cambria and English Australia) on the Australian continent, Van Diemens Land to the south of the mainland, the Kingdom of Aotearoa to the east, several island groups in the Indian and Pacific Oceans and the Antarctic territories of English Australia and Aotearoa.

Australasia is famous for its separatists. The remote nature of the Outback and the inaccessability of much of the northern coast have given rise to a number of &quot;principalities&quot; and &quot;kingdoms&quot; which are generally little more than self-aggrandised agricultural stations or small towns. For example, one small town along the north coast has sought for the last decade or so to secede from Australasia and submit to the Emperor of Ethiopia.

One small group of separatists in Hobart, Van Diemens Land, caused a bit of a stir in 2005 by calling for the province's secession from Australasia and then joining the Scandinavian Realm in stead. Cooler heads note that the separatists don't even understand how the Australasian government works, pointing out that the English crown hasn't governed the island directly in more than 70 years. 

====Cambrian Guyana====
Cambrian Guyana lies along the north coast of South America.

====Cambrian Arctic Ocean Territory====
The Cambrian Arctic Ocean Territory consists of the King Constantine Islands, surrounding the north magnetic pole, in joint administration with the NAL and its Arctic Research Corps.

====Cambrian Indian Ocean Territory====
The Cambrian Indian Ocean Territory consists of several small island groups in the southern Indian Ocean west of Australasia.

====Cyprus====
Dominion of Cyprus lies in the eastern Mediterranean.

====Polynesi Gemruis / Cambrian Polynesia====
Cambrian Polynesia is composed of the Society and Austral Islands, dependencies of New South Cambria in Australasia. They are slated for independence as kingdoms within the Commonwealth in March 2006.

====Cape Green====
Cape Green (S, Cap. Praya); is a group of islands off the west coast of Africa.

====East Caribbean Province====
The East Caribbean Province consists of the Leeward Islands: Anguila Antigua &amp; Barbuda (Scotland), St. Kitts and Nevis (England), Montserat (England); and the Windward Islands: Dominica (Scotland), St. Lucia (England), St. Vincent and the Grenadines (England), Barbadoes (England), Grenada (England) and Tobago (England).

In the aftermath of the breakup of &lt;A HREF = &quot;florida.htm&quot;&gt;Florida-Caribbea&lt;/A&gt;, the Lords Governor of the newly liberated FK territories met to discuss regional plans and issues that affect the whole region. In light of the continued situation in Tobago, which seems likely to end in violence given the intractability of the Lithuanian invaders, the issue of security and defence was uppermost in the discussions. The result was talk of forming a new country, the Caribbean League, whose constitution would be based upon that of the NAL.

====England====
England is one of the principals of the Federated Kingdoms, comprising the southeastern third or so of the British Isle. We know that the current Queen is Diana I, of the Second House of Plantagenet.  She is the daughter of Elizabeth I, who abdicated quite recently.

Until the 19th century, the Monarch was expected to take direct control of the Government, but, after the Second Union of Crowns(England and Scotland with Kemr), this became difficult, as the Monarch tended to spend more time in Kemr than England.  The King appointed the First Lord 
of the Treasury as his representative in Parliament.  Unlike *here*, the title of 'Prime Minister' was never conferred upon him, and he is usually known as simply 'the First Lord'.  When Victoria came to the throne, she continued to use him as a representative.

Parliament is composed of two houses, as *here*.  These are the House of Lords and the House of Commons.  There was no civil war *there*, and so, the two houses are significantly closer to equality, as far as power goes.  Also, as a result of James III(James II *here*) never being 
deposed(which caused the creation of the British political parties), party lines are different, not really forming until the beginning of the 20th century.  The main parties are:  The Socialist Party, the Liberal Party, and the Conservative Party.  Admittedly, the only party with a different name is the Socialist Party, but the Liberal and Conservative parties have different roots to *here*'s Liberal and Conservative parties.

The current First Lord is a Socialist by the name of John Smith.  He has been in power longer than any other First Lord of that Party. 

England is fairly evenly divided between Protestants and Catholics.  The Protestants are largely based in the north of the country, the Catholics in the south.  The Archbishop of Yorwich is a Protestant, and the Archbishop of Canterbury a Catholic.  The Queen is, in fact, a Catholic, but also legally the head of the English Presbyterian Church. 

England is interesting linguistically.  Some dialects in Yorkshire have dropped the familiar form 'thou', and adopted 'you' throughout their speech, entirely confusing singular and plural.  This can really confuse Englanders from other, more sane, parts of the country.  

England is, in many ways, rather old-fashioned, though not quite Dunein standard.  Cobbled streets are still the norm in small towns.  Red telephone boxes may be spotted throughout the nation.  England, is, as *here*, divided into counties, though many of these were eliminated in a recent reshuffle, and others simply do not exist, instead being inside Kemr(Non-existent counties include Wiltshire, Gloucestershire, Warwickshire, and others).  It is a current issue how much autonomy these counties should be given.

England has an organisation, known as 'Her Majesty's Army'(The HMA), devoted to the dissolution of the FK.  Due to its (innacurate) name, it will never be referred to by name, but simply called 'The Seperatist Group'.  Its name has also given rise to several conspiracy theories 
about Diana's involvement in the organisation.

The chief regions of England are Kent in the southeast, Sussex in the southwest, the Midlands north and west of London, Northunbria in the northeast and Cumbria in the northwest.

====English Guyana====
English Guyana is a territory in northern South America.

====Kingdom of Fiji====
The Kingdom of Fiji was once a Kemrese colonial territory, but attained independence as a Kingdom within the Commonwealth. It is a power to be reckoned with in the region, and has its own brood of dependencies known as Fijian Polynesia: Phoenix Islands, Tokelau, Samoa, Tonga, Niue, and the Cook Islands. King Thakombao V rules over the kingdom.

====Gibraltar====
Gibraltar is &lt;B&gt;The Rock&lt;/B&gt;. Long held by the English Kingdom as a gateway to the Mediterranean. It was wrested from Castile in 1704 during a long and protracted civil war in which England backed the other side; and once they got a hold of it they decided they didn't want to let go again. It has long been desired by Castille, who laid siege to it in 1727 and 1779-1783, and Castile continues to agitate for its return; but England and the FK do not seem likely to give it up. Gibraltarians have, since the Second Great War, desired full autonomy; but given the likelihood that Castile will simply invade, neither the locals nor the FK are willing to take the plunge. Local referrenda extended to the populace on returning to Castille have always gone down in resounding defeat. For now, it is likely that Gibraltar will remain an English Crown Colony but with considerable internal autonomy. It, along with Malta, host vital Royal Navy and Royal Air Force bases. The taxi tour to the top of the Rock is not to be missed. Watch out for the barbary apes, though - they are friendly, but like to steal things from unsuspecting tourists and will eat any food you have in hand! Don't miss the catchments and the tour of the caverns either!

====Goodyear Island====
Goodyear Island is a small English crown colony to the southwest of St. Thomas and Prince.

====Duchy of Grand Fenwick====
The Duchy of Grand Fenwick is located in the Alps along the French and Swiss borders. It is the smallest country in the world not consisting solely of a radar platform, and rarely appears on maps because printers complain that no one can ever make out what the arrow and cryptic phrase &quot;DUCHY OF GRAND FENWICK[[Image:Pic_little_arrow.jpg]]&quot; actually points to. Grand Fenwick was founded in 1370 by Englishman Roger Fenwick, who, as he later said, rather took a fancy to the place and moved in. The only real resource of the duchy is grapes; and of course its chief export is wine, particularly the Pinot Grand Fenwick. The Forest is a favourite of hikers and naturalists; which has led to a nascent ecotourism firm in the Duchy. Mostly this involves young Henry Bascombe pointing out the woods to visitors and telling them to have a good time. If there is no guard on duty at the border, just go right on in.

====Hogg Island====
The Hogg Islands, setting for Shakespeare's &quot;The Tempeste&quot;, are more generally known as the Somer Island. See article below.

====Hong Kong====
Hong Kong is the pearl of European colonies in China, is a major trading post and zone of cultural hyperexchange.

====Indo-British Union====
The Indo-British Union consists of Calcutta (E), Madras (S) Bombay (K) and the Malabar Coast, which itself is comprised of the coastal territory between Calicut (E) and Cochin (K). The Malabar Coast was a former Beihanguo (Chinese) colonial territory seized by Federated forces during the 1949 Oriental War. Following the League of Nations mandate, Malabar Coast has been integrated into the Indo-British Union.

====Kemr====
Kemr occupies the southwestern third of the British Isle. The boundary between England and Kemr - known as the Ffens (fence) - runs up along the Pennines and down the river Ribble. See [[Brithenig]] for more information on the language spoken in Kemr.

====Kingdom of Madagascar====
The Kingdom of Madagascar is an island nation off the southeastern coast of Africa the people of which are an admixture of SE Asians, Austronesians, Chinese, Europeans and Africans. Most Madagascrians are Buddhist; the official language is Mandarin, though the traditional language brought from SE Asia nearly 2000 years ago is at the heart of a vibrant cultural fusion. The current &lt;i&gt;manjacka&lt;/i&gt; or monarch is Queen Ranavalona IV. In the aftermath of the 1947 Oriental War, Madagascar came under the Commonwealth's sphere of influence. After the recent wars in China, Madagascar sought admission to the Commonwealth. The tayel is their unit of currency, and is equivalent to the pound; the ariary is equivalent to the shilling and the peni is equivalent to the penny.

====Kingdom of Malta====
The Kingdom of Malta is a small island in the Mediterranean, long administered by the Grand Masters of the Knights Hospitallers of St. John. In the mid 19th century, external matters have been assumed by the Federated Kingdoms, leaving internal governance to the Knights. Malta is known for its ancient ruins and is a thriving tourist destination. It served honorably during the Second Great War as an airbase for Royal Navy dirigible fleets that harrassed Europe from the south and Africa from the north. The Maltese flag: 

====Kingdom of Mauritius====
The Kingdom of Mauritius, discovered by the Portuguese in 1505, was subsequently held by the Dutch, French, and English before independence within the Commonwealth was attained in 1968.

Mauritius relies on tourism and the export of sugar and other agricultural products for sustenance. The population is predominantly African mixt with several European stocks. The official language is English, though there are pockets of French speakers. A Creole is spoken by everyone.

====Kingdom of the Mosquito Coast====
The [[Mosquito Coast|Kingdom of the Mosquito Coast]] is a former English colony in Central America. It is an ecotourism haven and is famed for its undersea beauty.

====North American League====
The [[NAL-SLC]] encompasses more than half of North America. Most of the constituent provinces owe allegience to one of the British monarchs; but two provinces are subject to the Scandinavian monarch and several are Native provinces, owing allegience to no foreign powers.

====Rhodesia====
Rhodesia was a Kemrese protectorate in the XIX century and later a dominion. In 1957 it attained independence within the Commonwealth but was invaded by Chinese forces from Chinese East Africa in the late 1980s. After two decades of revolt and border skirmishing, Kemrese and Federated forces engaged in all-out war and ousted the invaders. Since the end of the war, the reinstated government of Rhodesia has been busy repairing the damage done during the occupation and war.

====The Salomon Islands====
The Salomon Islands (R) is a group of islands in the Indian Ocean belonging to England.

&lt;!-- Rajadom of Sarawak&lt;BR&gt; lies on the northwest coast of Borneo island and is in condominium between with Srivijaya. Ecotourism and conventional tourism are two principal industries. Sir Charles Brooke is the current Rajah of Sarawak.

Alas, this one was not to be... --&gt;

====The Seychelles====
The Seychelles (E, Cap. Kingston) is an island group between Madagascar and India in the Indian Ocean; agriculture and tourism are the chief occupations. RN and RAF bases round out the economic activity.

====Shetland Islands====
The Shetlands are a dependency of the Kingdom of Scotland.

====Somer Islands====
Also known as the Hogg Islands, the Somer Islands lie well off the east coast of the NAL-SLC. Once the lair of corsairs and privateers, it was the setting for Shaxpear's &quot;The Tempeste&quot;; it now enjoys the fruits of tourism and is an international banking and tax haven. Somer Islands are an English Crown Colony.

====Sultanate of Socotra====
The Sultanate of Socotra (E, Cap. Adibo) is an island off the Horn of Somalia. It plays host to RN and RAF bases. The people of the sultanate, a mixture of Greek, Indian, Arab and Somali ancestry, are a majority of Nestorian Christians (whose communities date to the sixth century and survived the centuries of the rise of Islam due to isolation until very late) with a sizeable minority of Zaydist Muslims. Ghee and medicinals are the chief export; outside of Adibo, the economy is almost entirely by barter and the use of antique coins. The local diocese operates all Socotran schools.

====South African Union====
The South African Union is a member of the British Commonwealth, having been an English colony from 1795. A series of wars with the Batavian settlers to the north of the Cape Colony in the 19th century led to the formation of the Union of South Africa. South Africa sought independence from England in 1983 and thereafter sought admission to the Commonwealth. The Union includes Botswana and Rhodesia. And though the latter was siezed in 1995 by Chinese (Hunan) forces, who annexed the territory to Chinese East Africa; the recent wars in China allowed the English considerable success in their efforts to reclaim their lost territories. 

====Dominion of Southwest Africa====
was a Batavian colony until seized by English forces during the Boer War. Reforms in the governance of southern African territories in the 1980s led to a formal separation from the Union of South Africa. The &lt;I&gt;Etosha International Reserve&lt;/I&gt;, a vast restricted parkland, is coadministered by the Dominion and the Dalmatian Kongo.

====St. Andrew and Providence====
St. Andrew and Providence are islands of the southwestern Caribbean Sea and are dependent on the Kingdom of the Mosquito Coast.

====Kingdom of Tahiti====
The Kingdom of Tahiti was granted independence within the Commonwealth of Nations on 1 January 2006, per treaty with Australasia. Queen Elen Marau Pomare VI is the head of state; the head of government is the Prime Minister. Governance is through a council of elders (chosen from among the various islands of the country) and the Senad, or parliamentary body.

====Saint Thomas and Prince====
St. Thomas and Prince (K, Cap. Port Alegrey) is an island group off the west coast of equatorial Africa; tourism forms the economic basis, as well as catering to the RN and RAF bases.

====Swan Islands====
The Swan Islands lie in the western Caribbean and are dependent on the Cayman Islands.

====Tortuga Islands====
were bought from the Cambrian crown by wealthy businessman Martin C. Harman, also owner of Lundy off the Cambrian coast. Tortuga is an uninhabited island, now owned by Andrew Morris (Master of Lundy) and like Lundy is a national park. The curious constitutional arrangement between Lundy and the Kemrese province of Dûnein (which itself has a curious arrangement with Kemr proper) means that Tortuga is the only veritable Dumnonian colony in the world, apart from Britanny, which is presently part of France. It is largely an independent colony nation, personally owned by the Lord Proprietor of a semi independent bailiwick that depends on the person of the king of a country that has been in constitutional union with with another country for centuries. Suffice to say that even the eyes of experienced lawyers glaze over when dealing with Cambrian constitutional law. Cruises visit from Margarita and Batavian Antilles regularly.

====Kingdom of Wallace Cay====
The [[Kingdom of Wallace Cay]], known as &lt;i&gt;Belice&lt;/i&gt; in Castilian, is an Anglo-Native constitutional monarchy on the Caribbean Sea.

====West Caribbean Province====
The West Caribbean Province consists of Turc e Chaicoes (Kemr), and Caiman (Kemr).

{{CoN}}
----
[[Category:Supranational Organizations]]
[[Category:Commonwealth of Nations|*]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ivan Kuskov</title>
    <id>890</id>
    <revision>
      <id>52823</id>
      <timestamp>2008-07-31T00:04:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Misterxeight</username>
        <id>192</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">''The following is an extract from a children's tract given out at [[Meidji-do|Fort Roshiya]]:''

&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;
:Privet! My name is '''Ivan Kuskov''', founder of [[Meidji-Do|Fort Roshiya]]. I was born in Toþema (*), [[Russia]] in 1765 and I have almond skin, cinnamon hair, and sea-colored eyes. Although history knows me as a [[Russia|Russian]], I am actually a [[Vozgian Republic|Vozgian]], and my real name is '''Ivan Kušchuo'''. I came to Settlement Roshiya by ship three times: 1808, May of 1810, and my biggest expedition in November of 1811.
:When my good friend Alexander Baronov sent me on my first expedition to Settlement Roshiya (then just known as California) with two ships, one was wrecked and the other boat was safe which I was on. I explored along the coast of [[Alta California|California]] and on December 15, went to what the Spanish called Bodega Bay where my crew and I stayed hunting and exploring. We left on August 2, 1809. When I arrived back in [[Alyaska]], I told of the riches that California held and that I had found a site for a settlement near Bodega Bay.
:When I went on my third expedition to California (May of 1810), I tried to hunt except my ship, the Juno, was attacked by Kolosh Indians with the help of a trader from the [[NAL-SLC|NAL]] named Samuel Hill. Eight Aleuts were killed and I went back to Sitka except on the way back my crew and I ran into a terrible storm and the ship lost one of its masts, an anchor, food, three guns, and two men who were swept overboard.
:When I went on my third expedition to California (November of 1811), I was 46 years old and it was my biggest expedition because Baronov sent me to start a settlement in California called Settlement or Colony Roshiya (now part of [[Meidji-Do]]). I took along 25 Russian artisans, materials needed to build the fort, and a group of 80 Aleuts with 40 baidarkas for hunting sea otters. It was a very exciting trip but very long so I had to be patient. Luckily, we didn't get attacked like I did on my second voyage. 
:When the fort was being built I was very happy and excited but when it was done, I was happier. Even though I didn't live with any family members I had two good friends Alexander Baronov and his son Antipatr Baronov. My job at the fort was to make sure everything was going well or, in other words, to be the founder. In my free time, I would visit my friends Alexander and Atipatr.
:After 31 years of being at Settlement Roshiya and [[Alyaska]], I was finally going home. In 1822, I left Russian America. When I arrived at St. Petersburg I was given 58,425 rubles and 23 kopecks. I also had six sea otter pelts for another 7,000 rubles. I returned to Toþema where I live with my wife Ekaterina Prokhorovna Kuskova.''
&lt;/font&gt;
 
Ivan Alexander Kuskov lived with his wife until he died in October 1823.

----
&lt;small&gt;(*) Toþema (Tot'ma in Russian) is the [[Vozgian Republic]]'s spiritual center. It is the most Vozgian of all Vozgian cities, especially compared to the Republic's heavily russified capital Vuolokta (Vologda). It is also the place where the purest form of [[Vozgian]] is spoken, and the literary language is mostly based on the Tothmian and the Bersian (closely related and located Southeast of it) dialects.&lt;/small&gt;

[[Category:Russian persons|Kuskov, Ivan]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kolchak</title>
    <id>892</id>
    <revision>
      <id>55978</id>
      <timestamp>2008-12-17T16:20:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Kolchak.JPG|framed|right|&lt;center&gt;''Aleksandr Kolchak''&lt;/center&gt;]]
Admiral '''Aleksandr Vasilyevich Kolchak''' (''Александр Васильевич Колчак'' in Russian) was born in 1872. He joined the [[Russia|Russian]] Navy and became a national hero during the Russo-Japanese War. During the [[First Great War]] he carried out successful operations in the Baltic and in August 1916 he was given command of the Black Sea Fleet. However, he resigned from office after Kerensky's Provisional Government came to power in March, 1917. After the Bolsheviks gained power after the October Revolution, Kolchak became War Minister in the Provisional All-Russian Government based in Omsk, shortly after which he overthrew the government and imposed himself as Supreme Ruler. 

When the so-called White Armies defeated the Bolsheviks early 1919, Kolchak became a member of the new ruling body, the [[White Council]], whose purpose was returning power to the czar and acting as a provisional government. After the death in the same year of general Lavr Kornilov, the chairman of the council, Kolchak succeeded him. It was Kolchak who turned the White Council into a strongly nationalist military junta, and it was also Kolchak who in 1923 - along with the other members of the Council (Anton Denikin, Nikolai Yudenich and Petr Vrangel) founded the [[SNOR]] as a political mass-organisation. Thus he transformed Russia into a totalitarian, single-party state.

In his capacity as leader of the SNOR and chairman of the White Council, Kolchak carried the title [[Rulers of Russia|Supreme Leader of the Russian People]]. He died in 1937 of natural causes, and was succeeded by [[Vissarionov|Iosif Vissarionov]].

Already during his life, a vivid personality cult around Kolchak developed. After his death, this cult became even stronger, to the point that he had reached an almost legendary status. All kinds of stories were told about his almost superhuman qualities. Among the less spectacular myths about Kolchak was the assumption that he could speak over forty languages fluently; in reality, he knew only Russian. In all the periods of SNOR rule over Russia, several leaders openly denounced their predecessors and opened the files about their crimes, but no one ever dared to criticize Kolchak. His portraits have always been all over the country, and even after the fall of the SNOR, many believe that things would have been different if not Vissarionov but someone else had succeeded Kolchak.

[[Porfiri Bogolyubov]], the SNOR leader, patriarch and self-appointed czar who ruled Russia in the years 1977-1984, sanctified Kolchak by decree in 1980. That decision was reversed only in the 1990s.


{{infobox office |
office      = [[Rulers of Russia|Supreme Leader of the Russian People]] |
flag        = snor-nat.png |
predecessor = ''(none)'' |
successor   = [[Vissarionov|Iosif Vissarionov]]
}}
[[Category:Russian persons|Kolchak, Aleksandr]]
[[Category:World Leaders|Kolchak, Aleksandr]]
[[Category:Snorism|Kolchak, Aleksandr]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kemper the Rover</title>
    <id>893</id>
    <revision>
      <id>51017</id>
      <timestamp>2008-05-31T01:42:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elemtilas</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Kemper the Rover''' or ''Kemper il Monteors'' in Kerno (fl. 1600) was a wandering [[Kemr]]ese bard who travelled the length and breadth of Britain and [[France]] playing for the entertainment of noble and commoner alike. He was well liked for his manners and respected for his cyclopedic knowledge of British history and genealogy.

He is best known in modern times as composer of scores of dance tunes for pipes and fiddle. A few select titles include &quot;Sal Smith her Lament&quot;, &quot;The Governess her Peculiar Twitch&quot;, &quot;Mrs. Widgery her Border&quot;, and &quot;Jocko his Hapenny Nag&quot;.

Kemper was a contemporary of [[William Kemp|Will Kemp]] of [[England]]. The two undertook a great feat - a publicity stunt as it were - in 1599 when Kemper accompanied the great Kemp on his &quot;Nine Daies VVonder&quot;, the famous morris dance from London to Norwich.

[From &quot;British Composers of the Early Modern Period&quot;, Gaughn and Routledge, 2000]

-----

Kemper map Carlon (or ma Carolo) was born sometime around 1560 or 1570 most likely in Ill Paes (Kemr) to Brehonecq parents. In his youth, Kemper was informally schooled in music and by 10 or 11 years of age had been placed with a Kemrese bard for formal schooling. In after years, he took to the road and wandered Kemr, [[Ireland]] and France, visiting lord and commoner alike, playing harp, fiddle, lute and various pipes as requested. Though he rarely had more than a shilling, he was generally welcomed and had the habit of paying for his bed and board by crafting a tune or song for his hosts. The oblique references in some of his surviving works suggest that not every host offered the bard the best of accomodations.

Kemper was at home with the harp, fiddle and lute, drum and tabour and the three classes of pipes (flutes, bladder and bag pipes and reed pipes). He seems to have met with keyboard instruments infrequently and disdained them. A jigg title the music of which has not survived, &quot;The Muses Tinklebox&quot;, refers to the piscko di trinir, now a music box or toy piano, but may well have refered to the host's harpsichord or virginall.

Only a small number of atributable tunes are extant, perhaps upwards of five score. After years of wandering, Kemper came at last to the house of an old friend, Dr [[Jowan Quidgerey]], in the winter of 1614 when he fell gravely ill. During his convalescence, Quidgerey collected a large number of tunes from Kemper, though there is indication that only about 50 or 60 of them were composed by Kemper. The large number of tunes collected may well mean that Kemper was simply playing out the songs and tunes he knew that were crafted by his teachers or other now forgotten bards. In addition to the tunes collected by Dr Quidgerey, the other dozen or so attributed tunes are in diverse collections in Kemr, [[Scotland]] and France. Though Kemper was an accomplished harper, none of his harp pieces survive. As Dr Quidgery wrote in his notebook: &quot;Since the passing of the bard [Kemper] I continually lament that my skill at transcription has caused a great music to be silenced for evermore: for I am too poor a harper and no sort of lutenist to note the sounds that the master elicits from his instrument. Even though it live ever in the hearts and enflame the spirits of every soul that bides in this House. Therefore, I am compelled to note only those that I may play upon the pipe or fiddle...&quot;

Kemper map Carlon died at Quidgerey House in the spring of 1615.

A list of the better known tunes:

* Sal Smiths Lament (air)
* The Governesses Peculiar Twitch (jigg)
* Jockows Hapenny Nagg (jigg)
* Banks of the Severn (air)
* Mrs Quidgereys Lodger (morris)
* Mrs Quidgereys Delight (jigg)
* Mrs Quidgereys Serving Man (jigg)
* Saint Stannows Choir (reel)
* A Soughing in the Heather (air)

[From &quot;Dr Quidgerey's Notebook&quot;, Kings College, 2001]

-----
[[Category:Musicians]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>William Kemp</title>
    <id>894</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32829</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-06T10:55:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''William Kemp''' (fl. 1600) was an English actor and friend of [[Gwilim Trammelpila]]. He is most famous for his pamphlet &quot;Nine Daies VVonder&quot; (1600) which recounts the adventures he had while dancing a morris from London to Norwich. He reprised the adventure two years later with &quot;A Merrie Morrise from Norriche to Yorriche&quot; (1602).

[[Category:Authors|Kemp, William]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jowcko map Jowcko</title>
    <id>895</id>
    <revision>
      <id>45834</id>
      <timestamp>2007-07-11T03:07:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zahir</username>
        <id>35</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;'''Jowcko map Jowcko'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|'''Order:'''|| 20th ''General Moderator''
|-
|'''Term of Office:'''|| 25 March, 1961 - 5 January, 1968
|-
|'''Predecessor:'''|| [[Juanita Edith Baker-Stuart]]
|-
|'''Successor:'''|| [[Edward Moore O'Kinneide]]
|-
|'''Date of birth:'''||8 June, 1924
|-
|'''Date of death:'''|| 5 January, 1968
|-
|'''Place of birth:'''||Georgetown, [[Ter Mair]]
|-
|'''Profession:'''|| undefined
|-
|'''Political Party:'''|| [[Progressive Conservative]]
|-
|'''Religious Affiliation:'''|| [[undefined]]
|}

'''Jowcko map Jowcko''' (1924-1968) was [[General Moderator]] of the [[North American League]] from 1961 to 1968. He was the son of a [[Dumnonia]]n immigrant and was born at Georgetown, [[Ter Mair]]. A tiny, fierce debator who was widely regarded as one of the best-dressed men in American politics, Jowco was a sometimes-ally/sometimes rival of his predecessor.  It says something of his style and abilities that he took her groomed successor and turned him into his own.

His most notable achievement in office was to mediate the return of the [[Khedive]] to [[Egypt]], thus avoiding a civil war.  For this he received the [[Nobel Prize|Nobel Peace Prize]].

Jowcko died suddenly from a cerebral heomorage in 1968.

http://millennium.macvillage.net/general_moderators2.html

[[Image:Jowcko.jpg|thumb|Jowcko map Jowcko]]


{{infobox office |
office      = [[General Moderators|General Moderatorship&lt;br&gt;of the NAL-SLC]] |
flag        = nal.gif |
predecessor = [[Juanita Edith Baker-Stuart]] |
successor   = [[Edward Moore O'Kinneide]]
}}

[[Category:General Moderators of the NAL|Map Jowcko]][[Category:NAL Politicians]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vilhjalmur Jonsson</title>
    <id>896</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32820</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-06T10:52:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Vilhjálmur Jónsson''' (1746-1794) was an [[Iceland]]ic philologist and student of ancient [[India]], and is credited for his discovery of the [[IB_Languages#Indo-European_Family|Indo-European]] language family in the late 18th century.

Jónsson was born in Iceland. Though he was born into a poor Icelandic family, the young Vilhjálmur Jónsson was a linguistic prodigy, learning Danish, Greek, and Latin on his own at an early age. By the end of his life he was reported to be able to speak twenty-eight languages. This talent was recognized early, and he was sent to Denmark to study at the university in Copenhagen, where he studied law.

In 1783, he was appointed to the supreme court of [[Frederiksnagore]].  There he was entranced by Indian culture, a then-untouched field of European scholarship, and he founded the [[Kongelige Danske Østindiske Selskab]] (Royal Danish East Indian Society) in 1784 - the first learned organisation in India to study Asian civilization scientifically. Over the next ten years he would produce a flood of works on India, launching the modern study of the subcontinent in virtually every social science. He also wrote on the local laws, music, literature, botany, and geography, and made the first Danish translations of several important works of Indian literature.

Of all his discoveries, he is best known for noticing that Sanskrit bore certain resemblances to Latin and Greek. He summed up the nature and implications of his findings in his 1786 address to the Kongelige Danske Østindiske Selskab. He suggested that all three languages had a common root. This discovery led to several decades of intensive historical-comparative work and to important advances in historical linguistics during the nineteenth century.

[[Category:Scientists|Jonsson, Vilhjalmur]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>IBWiki:Bureaucrat log</title>
    <id>897</id>
    <revision>
      <id>11979</id>
      <timestamp>2005-02-07T01:32:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rights for user &quot;Nik&quot; set &quot;+sysop +bureaucrat&quot;</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;01:32, 7 Feb 2005 [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] Rights for user &quot;Nik&quot; set &quot;+sysop +bureaucrat&quot;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;22:48, 6 Feb 2005 [[User:Muke|Muke]] Rights for user &quot;BoArthur&quot; set &quot;+sysop +bureaucrat&quot;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;22:20, 6 Feb 2005 [[User:Muke|Muke]] Rights for user &quot;IJzeren Jan&quot; set &quot;+sysop +bureaucrat&quot;&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jonasson</title>
    <id>898</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32723</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-06T09:07:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Sigtryggur Jónasson''', born at Baki, [[Iceland]], was a publisher and entrepreneur who became a prominent leader in the West Icelandic community.  As immigration agent he brought from Iceland more than a thousand people driven from their homeland by a volcanic eruption. They settled in 1876 on the west shore of Lake Winnipeg. Homesteading near Lundur, he was instrumental in establishing the unique laws and constitution of the Republic of [[New Iceland]], and was subsequently elected President, serving three three-year terms.

In 1877 he founded Framfari, the first Icelandic-language newspaper on this continent. This was supported by the community of fishermen and farmers in spite of severe economic hardship and a smallpox epidemic.  He also founded Lögberg in Winipeg.   These newspapers contributed greatly to the survival in [[North America]] of Icelandic language and literature.

In 1930 he was chosen to represent the [[NAL-SLC|North American League]] at the millennium of Iceland's Parliament.

[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Local Leaders]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hoiyn</title>
    <id>899</id>
    <revision>
      <id>50764</id>
      <timestamp>2008-04-15T19:39:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{nation infobox}}
|+&lt;big&gt;'''懷隱大公爵&lt;br&gt;Hoiyn Taicòxacu'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|'''Born''' || Xòwa 7, Djùitxigaçu 25&lt;br&gt;December 29, 1931
|-
|'''Died''' || Gacudai 2, Rocugaçu 11&lt;br&gt;July 16, 2005
|-
|'''Posthumous Title''' ||懷隱&lt;br&gt;Hoiyn
|-
|'''Original Name''' ||李玖&lt;br&gt;I Ku
|}

Grand Prince Hoiyn (I Ku in life) was the son of [[Corea]]n King-in-exile Sajo (竢祖), brother of the last enthroned King of Corea, Sunjoñ (純宗).

The Grand Prince was the hereditary governor of [[South Hamgieñ]], one of the northern provinces of Corea.  The provincial charter makes it unique among the second-level divisions of the Japanese Empire in that its governor is unelected.  The Grand Prince was elected as governor in Saisei 21 (1972), and in Saisei 24 (1975), the Corean Parliament and the then-[[Emperor Saisei|Emperor]] approved an amendment to the provincial charter establishing a hereditary governorship.

The Grand Prince to his death continued to hope for the re-establishment of a separate Corean monarchy, or at least a viceregality, a possibility which appears less and less likely.

The Grand Prince had no children of his own, but shortly before his death, adopted a cousin, I Uen, which adoption is currently being contested by I Sek, a former singer who was otherwise next-in-line.


{|align=center border=1 cellpadding=3 style=&quot;background:#eeeeee&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;'''Sajo'''
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|'''Head of the Corean Royal House'''
|width=&quot;30%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Succeeded by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[I Uen]]'''&lt;br&gt;(contested by [[I Sek]])
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;?
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|'''Governor of [[South Hamgieñ]]'''&lt;br&gt;Saisei 21-Gacudai 2&lt;br&gt;1972-2005
|}

[[Category:Pretenders]]
[[Category:Corea]]
[[Category:Local Leaders]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hus</title>
    <id>900</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32689</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-06T08:19:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Jan Hus''' (1369-1419) was among his duties as Universitas Pragensis Carolina rector, a theologist. He wrote opus De ecclesia, in which he stated his aims in church reform, based on previous works of other theologists like John Wycliff, Hieronymus Pragensis, Jean Petit and Johann von Falkenberg. He saw the success of his efforts on council in Konstanz, but he could not continue his work; he died of heart attack on September 14, 1419 in Prague.

Politically, his conclusions were summarised in '''Compactata, quatri articuli pragensis''':
#Free advocacy of the Divine Word by all officially approved persons.
#All deadly sins must be punished regardless of the estate of the sinner
#Commnion should be given ''sub utraque specie''
#Church should not rule in secular; (*here* in 1423, *there* 1414).

Sigismud of [[Luxemburg|Luxembourg]], King of [[Hungary]] and Roman King took opposite to *here* this as his politics. *Here* he only insisted to solve the problems, but he did not used this theses. He summoned, after Pisan Council, the council to Konstanz 5th November 1414 - 22nd april 1418, and he used military threads to let the council come to conclusion. He made a deal with rebels in [[Bohemia]], in exchange for Articuli he might become a king. Then, his armed men were mostly from Bohemia, under leadership of excellent strategist and tactisist, Jan Zizka of Trocnov (*here* leader of rebelling hussites).

''causa unionis - schizma''; solved in 1417 electing Martin V. (Otto Colonna): Johannes XXII. of Pisa (Balthasar Cossa) was dethroned, Gregorius XII. of rome (Angellus Corrianus) abdicated 1415 and Benedictus XIII. of Avignon (Petrus de Luna) was also dethroned 1417.

''causa reformis in capite et membris'' - Sigismund was succesfull in this too (oppo to *here*) Articuli were accepted by the Council (although not seriously taken and fulfilled later). Then, 1419 became Sigismund Bohemian king and also Roman Emperor 1420 (instead of 1433 as *here*).

''causa fidei'' - heresy must be punished, but the limits changed. Fight with heresy should be done through disputatio. Council of the Church is infallible. This was the base for later rebellion of M. Luther, who strongly opposed the primas papal role and infallibility of the council. 

As the result of Articuli, Church was decentralised, but united under pope. In 1439, as *here*, pope Eugenius IV. and byzantine emperor Jan VIII. Palaeologus unified the church, and it was supported by 
orthodox metropolits too (oppo to *here*). Church is now united through idea, not might, thus all the protestantism is more focused on ideological fight than political (no defenestrations in Prague, no 
hussite revolution, no 30-years war).

Hussites were just extreme purists by means of Articuli who gave birth to the Bohemian protestants later in XVI. and XVII. century. So, Moravian Brothers might exist, and might also do their job *there*, but not because they were expelled, only because of their zeal.

[[Category:Bohemia]]
[[Category:Religious Leaders]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Adolf Hessler</title>
    <id>901</id>
    <revision>
      <id>55791</id>
      <timestamp>2008-12-03T16:16:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zahir</username>
        <id>35</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Adolf von Hessler''' (b. 1879 d. 1951) was the [[Germany|German]] Emperor's prime assistant during the [[Second Great War]].  Because of his devotion to the war and unifying the Holy Roman Empire he was given the nickname of 'Adolf I'.

[[Image:Hessler3.jpg|thumb|Gro&amp;szlig;feldmarschall Adolf von Hessler]]

Eldest son of a highly decorated feldmarschall, Adolf von Hessler and his younger brother both graduated with honors from the same military academy as their illustrious father.  Adolf was thought initially too frail for such, much to the family's dismay, but at an early age Adolf displayed the willpower that was to shape XXth century history.  He pushed himself physically, eventually becoming a boxer of some repute.  More, he was careful about his health.  He never smoked, rarely drank, and although he had a tendency to gain weight in fact was extremely careful of his diet up until the end.  At school, he showed the talents which would carry him far--a prodigious memory which resulted in an encyclopedic knowledge of history, politics and military science.  One of his instructors noted that the young man was able to apply past knowledge with great skill, but faltered when faced with genuinely new situations.  This proved prophetic.

Richard von Hessler (1881-1917), the younger brother, did better in terms of leadership and physical prowess.  As the [[First Great War]] heated up, he joined the fledgeling ''Luftwaffe'' and by 1916 was an &quot;Ace,&quot; having earned the famous &quot;Blue Max&quot; at age 27.  When Richard was killed in a flying accident in 1917, the family was devastated.  The brother of his fiancée, [[Ernst von Gehringer]], was one of his pallbearers and became Adolf's best friend.

The future Chancellor spent much of the war in Berlin, chaffing for action in the field.  He got it the same year his brother was killed, and in fact distinguished himself.  Physical courage, focus on the situation and a strange charisma--not like the happy popularity of Richard but more akin (some said) to that of the Russian mystic Rasputin--won him success and promotion.  More, it won him the recognition of the Kaiser, who wanted the relatively young officer with him at court.

When the Empire failed to achieve its war aims, [[Kaiser Wilhelm II]] blamed his advisers and looked for new ones.  The Imperial Court was for some years an extremely volatile place.  But ultimately, the one man who proved most in sync with the Kaiser, the man able to please and appease and encourage and soothe the tempestuous monarch was the man he made a feldmarschall like his father--Adolf von Hessler (later the title of Gro&amp;szlig;feldmarschall was created for him).

The Chancellor brought his considerable abilities to bear on a simple plan.  One day, he said, there would be another war.  The [[Holy Roman Empire]] must win it.  To do that, the Empire must be dominated by Prussia, and must be prepared for war better than her enemies.  At this point, in what was really his prime, Hessler showed real skill and foresight.  Recognizing he himself did not understand many of the more modern aspects of war, he cultivated those who did--Kurt Doenitz and his U-boats, Guderian and his ideas of tank tactics, and of course his friend Gehringer.

[[Image:Epaulette-hessler.png|thumb|left|Epaulette worn by Gro&amp;szlig;feldmarshall Hessler. He was the only person to carry this rank and it was abolished following the end of the Second Great War]]
All during the 1930s Hessler pursued two general goals with considerable success.

* He built up and improved the ''Wehrmacht'', the ''Luftwaffe'' and the ''Kriegsmarine''.  This latter was tricky, but technically the Kaiser's navy was part of the [[Scandinavian Realm]]'s fleet, but on the other hand the Empire was paying for it so who would object?  Besides, he also copied a trick from the [[England|English]] prior to the [[First Great War]].  The Holy Roman Empire offered to build and sell battleships to other nations.  This gave them income, practical experience building ships, and also gave them the opportunity to &quot;seize&quot; such ships due to irregularities of payment and/or the outbreak of hostilities.  These last came in handy when war finally came.
* He also pursued a policy of bringing the entire HRE under the dominance of the Kaiser.  Not surprisingly, Wilhelm II was very pleased as his choice of Chancellor proceeded to achieve this aim.

==War==
The [[Second Great War]] began in 1935 when the Empire attacked [[Helvetia]]. Helvetia wasn't exactly popular among the other countries of the world, because in the not-too-distant past it had been quite belligerent itself; apart from a few official protests, nobody interfered and Germany was allowed to do its thing there. Helvetia was conquered and incorporated in the beginning of 1939.

[[Image:Eiffelhessler.jpg|thumb|Hessler and an Aide in Paris]]
In March 1939 the Russian leader [[Vissarionov]] concluded a secret treaty with Germany, that become known later as the Lipov-Von Korff Treaty. Central and Eastern Europe were divided into two spheres of influence: a part where Germany could do whatever it wanted without Russian interference, and vice versa. Germany attacked [[Veneda]] on 1 September 1939, and slightly more than two weeks later, on 18 September, Russia invaded [[Lithuania]]. In response to these invasions, the [[Allied Powers]] (the [[Federated Kingdoms]], [[France]], the Italies) formally declared war on the ''Allianz'', although initially it did not come to any fighting. This marks the official beginning of the Second Great War.

Initially, the Großartige Allianz proved successful. By 1941, it had most of Europe under its control.  The FK seemed on the verge of signing a peace treaty, especially with Hessler's friend [[Sherrinford Bell]] as Foreign Secretary under Lord Halifax, who wanted no part of a second &quot;War To End All Wars.&quot;  Things did not turn out the way Hessler or the Kaiser would have wished, although Hessler himself pointed out that with Prussia firmly in control of so much of France, the [[Holy Roman Empire]] might well end up including much of the territory once ruled by Charlemagne--a sentiment that Wilhelm II found attractive.

Two factors would eventually determine the final defeat of the Allianz: mutual distrust between Russia and Germany that would cause a split in the Allianz and finally escalate into a war in 1943, and Germany's failed attack on Scandinavia.

Blinded by success, Hessler, who had become [[Germany|Germany's]] indisputed leader after the Emperor's death, made a capital mistake: in 1945, he launched an attack on [[Rygen]], which was a Danish fief and thus an integral part of the [[Scandinavian Realm]]. From a geopolitical point of view this attack made sense; besides, [[Rygen]] had been annoying Hessler for a long time, because most people who managed to escape the country did so by crossing the border with Rygen, from where they took the boat to [[Denmark]], [[Sweden]], or other parts of the world. Indeed preparations for the attack had been made much earlier, but were never realized because of the war with [[Russia]].

All his life Hessler had shown a tendency towards what we would call Manic Depression or bipolar personality disorder.  As he found himself confronted with a war on three fronts, feeling his age, having lost his best (perhaps only) friend (Gehringer), his &quot;dark days&quot; (as those around him referred to them) got darker and more frequent.  His temper, which he had spent his entire adult life keeping under control, began to appear more and more frequently.  His patience frayed.  Those close to him reported Hessler suffered from night terrors, which increased his anxieties as did the lack of sleep.

[[Germany|Germany's]] defeat seemed irreversible. In an act of utter desperation, Hessler ordered the deployment of a new weapon, the atomic bomb.  There was only one prototype at that time, although the factory manufacturing heavy water was going nonstop.  The scientists working on the project warned the Chancellor the weapon might not even work.  He ordered the Luftwaffe to drop it on the city of [[Lodz|&amp;#x141;ód&amp;#x17a;]], [[Veneda|Veneda's]] second largest industrial city, where the Russian military headquarters were established, on 18 October 1948. Up until then, Hessler had shown some restraint in terms of what could be done.  Although he could be a butcher in war, his preference was to be a surgeon.  For example, he never sanctioned the use of gas warfare, although the temptation must have been great.  But in the greatest secrecy, he had the weapon smuggled into the city limits, since Veneda's skies were now under the control of the White Air Force.  It didn't even have to be too close to the center of the city.  Over 25,000 people were killed, and the city's entire historical centre was devastated. The nuking of &amp;#x141;ód&amp;#x17a; was followed by a vast military offensive, which forced the Russian troops to retreat. However, this would only temporarily delay Germany's ultimate defeat. 

More, it convinced the bulk of the officer corps that Hessler had gone too far.  They also remembered mustard gas attacks from the [[First Great War]] and this reminded them all too clearly of that.  Such might have been forgiven if it were followed up by military victories, even at the cost of more nuclear explosions.  But a Russian airship destroyed the lone heavy water facility, ironically enough, the day before the bomb was detonated.

What followed was not quite a coup, but something very similar.  Technically, [[Wilhelm III]] had the authority to dismiss the Chancellor, but he hadn't done so while Hessler commanded the military as well as the allegiance of the Prussian people.  With the remarkable shift of public opinion in 1949, the Kaiser pushed forward a plan to ouster the Chancellor.  Wilhelm with his core of dissidents prepared all necessary legal paperwork to remove Hessler from power under pretense of medical failings.  Hessler was accosted outside his home by several Wehrmacht officers with medical personnel who had come to escort him to a hospital.  After a brief altercation, Hessler was wrestled into a waiting truck, where he was sedated and delivered to the care of local hospitals.

He remained under the care of various doctors and in several hospitals for the next two and a half years, until his death.  During this time he was heavily medicated, but did have moments of lucidity, wherein he raved about conspiracies against him, claiming the Masons were trying to break his will, that he was needed in Berlin to conduct the war, and he refused to believe the war had ended when contradicted.

An autopsy revealed the cause of death was a brain tumor.  Some historians still speculate about its possible side effects on his actions.

{| border=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Kaiser Wilhelm II|Wilhelm II]]'''
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|''(de facto)''&lt;br&gt;'''Holy Roman Emperor'''&lt;br&gt;1941-1949
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Succeeded by:&lt;br&gt;'''''[[Wilhelm III]]'''''
|}

-------

John Cowan suggested (March 21, 2004), in regards to the bombing of &amp;#x141;ód&amp;#x17a;:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;i&gt;My idea is that since the Luftwaffe had by this stage been reduced to impotence, the A-bomb of Lodz was not dropped but rather smuggled in by a group of sacrificial fanatics, core Hessler loyalists.&lt;/i&gt;

&lt;i&gt;But when Hessler announced this &quot;heroic masterstroke in the War of Destiny&quot; (his usual name for GW2), the public reaction was not at all what he expected.  Instead, Germans were horrified by the destructive power of the bomb, as well as the fanaticism required to use it, and the decisive shift in public opinion that resulted brought the Hessler government to its fall and the war to its eventual end.&lt;/i&gt;

Padraic replied:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Cool. Germany could then lead way for atomic nonproliferation in the postwar world. Even if it is all scrambled up at the moment.&lt;/i&gt;

Jan I in turn replied:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Excellent! So it shall be. And I would also like to adopt Marc's suggestion: &quot;it was an act of deperassion so Hessler probably dropped the prototype. Unfortunatly for him, in the few days following it, a raid on their hard water factory (by SK resistant in occupied territory) prevented the manufacture of any more bombs.&quot; I very much like the prototype idea. But instead of a raid of the resistence, I'd rather believe that it simply was a Russian bomb that destroyed the German A-bomb factory.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br&gt;
And in response to Hessler's fall:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Interesting. That would mean that Germany's capitulation was preceded by a shift of power. No Berlin bunker thing *there*. I hadn't thought of that, but it certainly make sense.&lt;/i&gt;

[[Category:World Leaders|Hessler, Adolf von]]
[[Category:Holy Roman Empire|Hessler, Adolf von]]
[[Category:Second Great War|Hessler]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Will Haxby</title>
    <id>902</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32826</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-06T10:55:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">An [[England|English]] ex-pat soldier of fortune. A conversation between a British and a [[Canton]]ese agent was overheard and recorded:

C: In one of our intelligence services, we have the fortune/misfortune of knowing one irrepressibly criminal genius who code-named himself &quot;[[Jac von Ripper]]&quot; who hails from [[Federated Kingdoms|FK]] (says that FK authorities exiled him after leading his 46th prison riot and break-out and that most of civilized Europa would not miss him too much if he ceased to exist. [Please confirm or deny this person's identity and brief us if you confirm]). 

P: Ah, him. I suspect the sharks spat him out of the ocean! &quot;Jac von Ripper&quot;, aka Will Haxby; born 1956 in an alley in London. Associated himself with London underworld until 1970 when he left in disgust, describing it in his own words as &quot;bein a load o daft bloody fairies&quot;. His family used to make pianos; but they fell on hard times and never recovered. 

C: AH! A &quot;right, bloody bastard&quot; as your people are so fond of saying. 

P: He flirted with [[Cos Nustr|CN]] [Cos Nustr] for a while, and was personally responsible for _both_ South End Lynchings (1971 and 1973), where a total 34 Englishmen were tortured, mutilated and hanged in 1971 and a further 28 in 1973. In that period, he landed in the [[Kemr|Cambrian]] prison system and promptly engineered a series of deadly riots and escapes. CN wouldn't have him back (his methods were too disgusting even for them) and he drifted into Esca by 1978. There he came in contact with Eastern forms of criminal behaviour and gang structures. By 1981 he was practically in control of Chinatown, but was broken by rivals from [[Hong Kong]] sent over special. 

C: Ah! Chief of those &quot;rivals&quot; was our Chang Hsueh-Liang, ex-Citizen-President. He was at the time a &quot;cultural attache&quot; with the London Canton Embassy. 

P: The next decade was spent in and out of maximum security prisons, engineering riots, gang warfare and daring escapes. He was exiled in 1995. Oh for the cleanliness of the drop! He could have met his just desserts with Jack Ketch's compliments in 1969, had they not retired the old Service a few years previous. 

C: Hmm. Too bad GwongDung banned Water Torture and the Death of a Thousand Cuts during the Push for Modernization in 1939... Might have to revive these methods temporarily... 

P: Europe of any stripe wouldn't miss him a jot if he snuffed it. Politely or otherwise! 

C: He leads a rather sinisterly roguish band of Cantonese, Hakka, Nung, Jews, Cossacks, Mongols, Maori, Malays, Dyaks, Masai, and other fierce &quot;tribals&quot; in secret-police-like counter-espionage actions. 

P: Sounds right up his alley. Secret-police, eh? Who gave him the fancy toys? He's bad enough with a length of stout rope! 

C: His Cantonese-Manchu equivalent ex-Citizen-President Chang Hsueh-Liang gave him _carte blanche_. One of many reasons he has been gently convinced of the need to re-discover his personal connexions to the Tao in solitude in the Shaolin Mountain hermitage. 

C: At this time, we have no &quot;polite&quot; (non-lethal) way of controlling Jac's band's more outrageous brigandish and murderous ways. 

P: Ah. Oh, yes? Better thou than us, yes? Maybe it loses a little in translation? 

C: AiYah! It makes very rude truthful sense even in bad translation ;) Luckily for us Cantonese, we let him loose amongst the Zhuang tribe who have certain dubious, suspect connexions with the peoples of Fujian, Taiwan, Hainan, and Meizhou. The Zhuang are suspected of harboring militant Hunanese sympathies (which makes no logical sense at all as the Hunanese treated their tribal people to genocide and extinction with unabashed, shameless conquerors' sadism and pleasure).

[[Category:People|Haxby, Will]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Amelie-Marie Earhart</title>
    <id>903</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40695</id>
      <timestamp>2006-07-22T19:00:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Amelia earhart.jpg|thumb|200px|A portrait of Amelie-Marie Earhart.]]

'''Amelie-Marie Earhart''' was born the 5 Thermidor CV, and grew up in the small town of Arles-le-Rive in [[Nouvelle Gaulle]], [[Louisianne]].  She was quickly captivated by planes, and began seeking to pilot them.  Passed over as a potential pilot for Louisianne during the [[First Great War]], Amelie served as a nurses aide, and later pursued aviation with vigor.  She was the first woman to gain a pilots license and quickly gained notoriety the world over as she first flew across the Atlantic, and then around the world.

Mme. Earhart was married 28 Pluviôse, CXXXIX.  Following her circumnavigation that passed over Asia to the Sandwich Islands (modern-day [[Kanawiki]]), [[Alta California]] and back to [[Louisianne]], Mme. Earhart applied herself to the study and advancement of aviation.

[[Category:Louisianne|Earhart]]
[[Category:Aviation|Earhart]]
[[Category:Persons from Louisianne|Earhart]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dessaline</title>
    <id>904</id>
    <revision>
      <id>55983</id>
      <timestamp>2008-12-17T17:31:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marc pasquin</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Dieudonne-iii.jpg|right]]
The '''House of Dessaline''' is the imperial family that are the historical rulers and current claimants to the throne of [[Saint-Domingo]] (The island that formely contained Hayti and the Dominican Republic). It was founded by the first king of Saint-Domingo, Jacques 1er (né Jean-Jacques Dessaline) in 1801 after succesfully overthrowing the local [[France|French]] landowners. [[Napoleon]] chose to recognise his claim thus keeping its economy open without the need to send in the army. 

During the French restoration, the then-King (Baptiste 1er) refused to recognised the return of the ancient royal house (associated by many with the old settlers) and declared himself Emperor.

Much of the Emperor's power and prestige was stripped during the prime-ministership of Général Bonenfant and then taken away altogether when Général Papadeau overthrew the government and exiled the imperial family. The emperor and his close kins moved around until settling in [[New Francy]]).   

With the conclusion of the [[Florida War|2004 War]] against [[Florida-Caribbea]], Hayti, looking for a symbol to try and bring together the various factions, opted to constitute their newly independent country as a renewed Empire of Saint-Domingo, inviting the old Haitian imperial family to take up its crown and throne once again. The current holder of the imperial crown is Emperor Dieudonné III (&lt;i&gt;pictured right&lt;/i&gt;).

[[Category:World Leaders]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Valdemar Ditzenoe</title>
    <id>905</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32816</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-06T10:50:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">&lt;b&gt;Valdemar Elias Ditzenø&lt;/b&gt; (1901-1966) is the man who introduced animated feature films to the world and is thus one of the most important men in the film industry. He also produced comics in cooperation with [[Egmont-Nordisk|Egmont]], and founded a number of Ditzenøland themeparks around the world. Ditzenø was the man behind some of the most popular animated feature films like Cinderella and Snowhite.

His career started in 1923 when he left [[Schleswig-Holstein|Schleswig]] for Copenhagen to work for [[Egmont-Nordisk|Nordisk Film]]. There, he was given the task of producing short animated films to show between films in its movie theatres. Nordisk Film was so impressed with the results that many more films were produced in the 1920s and 1930s. By 1937 Ditzenø and Nordisk Film produced, &lt;i&gt;Snæhvite&lt;/i&gt; (&quot;Snowhite&quot;), the first of several animated feature films that would be made by Nordisk Film in the coming decades.

[[Category:People|Ditzenoe, Valdemar]]
[[Category:Movies|Ditzenoe, Valdemar]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Charles De Gaulle</title>
    <id>906</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26173</id>
      <timestamp>2006-01-06T07:11:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Charles-André-Joseph-Marie de Gaulle''' (November 22, 1890 - November 9, 1970) was born in Lille, Francie, [[France]].  Following the [[First Great War]] he became one of the leading proponents of the &quot;Massed Tank&quot; school of thought in the French Army.  Whether tanks should be used singly as support for infantry or en massed with infantry support was a matter of fierce debate.  De Gaulle and others like him won the debate, but their political enemies hindered their careers during the 1930s.  Yet with the advent of the Prussian ''blitzkrieg'' he was proven correct, as the counteroffensive which prevented France's total conquest following de Gaulle's tactical theories.

During the [[Second Great War]], when Francie was under German occupation and the French government was forced to relocated to Avignon in the south, he became a war hero.  He was in command of several strategic offensives which, while limited in scope, did much to distract and engage the forces of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] and eventually proved vital in final victory.

For all his machinations, de Gaulle was never strongly liked in the South among Gaulhóscs, being far too centrist.  He was a small time politician in Francie, unable to get the backing necessary to take the national stage, much to his chagrin.  He did, however, influence Francie, making it a much more centrist portion of the nation. He was also responsible for an attempt at building ties with [[New Francy]] even though he was not personnaly a monarchist.

[[Category:World Leaders|De Gaulle]]
[[Category:France|De Gaulle]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jean de Cournouaille</title>
    <id>907</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32717</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-06T08:56:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Jean de Cournouaille''' (b. 9 Nivôse, CLII (December 31, 1943)), also known as John Cornwall in the English-speaking world, was born as Enrique Juan Deutschendorf in southwestern [[Tejas]].  In the 1950's, fleeing yet another skirmish between Tejas and [[Alta California]], his family immigrated northward into the prefecture of [[Nouvelle Cournouaille]] in [[Louisianne]].  His interest in music began when, at the age of 11, he received his grandmother's guitar.  He began taking lessons, and soon began playing in a local boys' choir.

His big break occured in 1960, when a local talent scount discovered him and offered him a job as part of a newly-formed trio.  The scout insisted, however, that he change his name if he ever wanted to be successful.  Deutschendorf chose to use the stage name Jean de Cournouaille.  He played with this trio for several years before they broke up and his solo career began.

During the 1970's, his songs began to exhibit a stronger environmental and humanitarian basis.  His popularity grew, and he toured most of the [[North America]]n nations, and later branched out into other continents, even touring [[SNOR]]ist [[Russia]] in the mid-80's and several of the [[China|Chinese nations]].

During his North American tours, he learned English, along with the French and Castilian that he already knew.

He has taken a special interest in the conflict between his native Tejas and Alta California, and has played an important role in the Peace Movement in both nations, as well as in Lousianne itself.

----
Note: Jean de Cournouaille is *here*'s John Denver

[[Category:Musicians|De Cournouaille, Jean]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tomos Corw</title>
    <id>908</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32809</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-06T10:48:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Tomos Corw''' (1583 - 1633), though born in Kemr, was a composer and collector of traditional and popular English music. He was a contemporary of [[Gwilim Trammelpila]] and some of his music was intended to be played at performances of Shaxepere's plays. Not all of his music was secular, he is quite well known for his settings of the psalms.

His prolific collecions and compillations of his own compositions include &quot;Mvsicks Miscellanie&quot; (1609), &quot;Melismata, Mvsicall Phansies&quot; (1611), and &quot;The Whole booke of psalmes: with the hymnes euangelicall, and songs spirituall&quot; (1621). Several early Crow manuscripts are kept at the National Museum at [[Castreleon]].

[PB]

[[Category:Musicians|Corw, Tomos]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>William Josiah Clinton</title>
    <id>909</id>
    <revision>
      <id>55037</id>
      <timestamp>2008-10-11T04:26:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zahir</username>
        <id>35</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;'''William Josiah Clinton'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|'''Order:'''|| 25th ''General Moderator''
|-
|'''Term of Office:'''|| 25 March, 1991 - 25 March, 2001
|-
|'''Predecessor:'''|| [[Ben Nighthorse Campbell]]
|-
|'''Successor:'''|| [[Albert Arnold Gore, Jr.]]
|-
|'''Date of birth:'''|| 19 August, 1946
|-
|'''Date of death:'''|| N/A
|-
|'''Place of birth:'''|| L' Ysperitat, [[Louisianne]]
|-
|'''Profession:'''|| Lawyer, Politician
|-
|'''Political Party:'''|| [[Whig]]
|-
|'''Relgious Affiliation:'''|| [[Catholicism|Catholic]]
|-
|'''Personal Arms:'''|| [[Image:William clinton arms.jpg|thumb]]
|}

William J. Clinton (1946 - ), né Blythe, was General Moderator of the North American League from 1991 to 2001. His moderatorship was marred by allegations of personal misconduct and several no confidence votes which he barely managed to win. Nevertheless, he always enjoyed a high degree of popularity among the people. Apart from being the ''eminence grise'' of American politics, he also regularly displays his unexpected capacities as an ophicleide player in public concerts.

He is also renowned for having married the movie star [[Jane Wilkes-Booth Clinton]].  Another famous member of the family was ''Longstocking'', the feline with noticeably long limbs (hence the name) that the Clintons brought to [[Octagon House]] and who was buried in the garden after his death from old age.

Some Clinton supporters maintain that one reason he engendered so much intense dislike among Conservatives was his birthplace, in Ronald Regan's &quot;Realm of Evil,&quot; [[Louisianne]].

http://millennium.macvillage.net/general_moderators3.html

[[Image:Pic_william_josiah_clinton.jpg|thumb|150px]]


{{infobox office |
office      = [[General Moderators|General Moderatorship of the NAL-SLC]] |
flag        = nal.gif |
predecessor = [[Ben Nighthorse Campbell]] |
successor   = [[Albert Arnold Gore, Jr.]]
}}
[[Category:General Moderators of the NAL|Clinton, William Josiah]]
[[Category:NAL Politicians]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chopin</title>
    <id>910</id>
    <revision>
      <id>50553</id>
      <timestamp>2008-03-07T11:01:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>corr wenedyk</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{| align=right
| http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/87/ChopinDelacroix.jpg
|-
| &lt;small&gt;''Frydryk F. Chopin as portrayed by Eugène Delacroix in 1838''&lt;/small&gt;
|}
'''Frydryk Frączyszek Chopin''' was born on 1 March 1810 in the village of Fierza Włątać;, not far from Warsina in the [[Republic of the Two Crowns]], as the son of a [[France|French]] father, who was employed as a teacher at the estate of the Ciozurarz family, and a [[Veneda|Venedic]] mother. His musical talents became evident at an extraordinarily young age: at the age of seven he had already written two vénédaises that had been printed and published by the local church. &quot;Little Szopenik&quot; soon became a popular attraction in the salons of the capital, and he regulary gave public performances as a pianist. In 1824 he played for king [[Napoleon|Napoleoń]], who said he was &quot;deeply impressed&quot; with the talent of the young genius. 

After visiting the Liczej Warsiniany, where his father was a professor, he studied at the Conservatory with Jóżef Elsner; in the same period he developed a vivid interest in the Venedic folklore. During these years he wrote his first larger works: his first sonata, his Mozart-variations, his Fantasy on Venedic themes, his Rondo à la Kordyniana, and his piano trio. By the time he finished his studies, he was widely acclaimed as a performer and a composer, but mostly as a performing composer. 

After his studies (1826-1829), Chopin made a concert tour through [[Prussia]], [[Bohemia]] and [[Austro-Dalmatia]], where he had enormous success with performances of his own work. Back in Warsina he devoted himself completely to composing: he wrote his first two Concerts for Piano and Orchestra (f minor and e-minor), besides numerous solo works and songs. In 1830 he left again to play concerts in Vienna, after which he travelled to [[Dalmatia]], [[Italy]], and the [[Papal States|Holy See]]. Finally, he visited the [[Two Sicilies|Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]], and it was there that he met Rossini and Donizetti. Chopin became so deeply impressed with Italian opera and with these two gentlemen, that he stayed there for half a year. This fascination ultimately caused him to become the composer of the first internationally acclaimed Venedic opera, ''Głurzuza Wicurza Rzeże Napoleonie sem Szwabór'' (&quot;King Napoleon's Glorious Victory over the Krauts&quot;), written in 1834 and successfully performed in Warsina (1835), Wileń (1837), [[Danzig|Gdańcyk]] (1843), and [[Czytać Leoniór]] (1844). 

Although by 1845 Chopin's name was well-established both internationally and in the RTC, his fame and glory continued to grow steadily. In 1863 he was awarded the title of &quot;honorary artist of the royal court&quot;, and in 1872 he was even considered a serious candidate for the succession of king Klemięć the Jekwiała-Drinker as the RTC's elected king; it was only due to the machinations of the [[Lithuania]]n nobility that not Chopin but the infamous Olgierd the Naked became the next king. 

Despite his attractive looks, his sensitive playing, his courteous manner, his considerable wealth and his taste for excessive luxury, Chopin never got married. Although he had several romantic affairs (notably a relationship between 1841 and 1852 with the sixteen years older princess Gracana Poniatka, which had a strong element of the maternal on her side), it is strongly doubted whether Chopin was truly drawn to women. Especially his life-long friendship with the physician Szczefan Dziakoń has caused rumours that Chopin was in fact homosexual, although he never admitted that. 

During his entire life, Frydryk Chopin suffered from a poor health. Several times he came close to death: during vacations or concert tours in [[Aragon]] (1839), [[Scotland]] (1848), [[Kemr]] (1868) and [[Sweden]] (1873) tuberculosis almost killed him. However, his popularity with the Venedic aristocracy and in particular the royal court always granted him the best possible medical care, and in the end he always survived. 

Thus, during his entire life Chopin was Veneda's most famous and most successful pianist and composer. Altogether, his works for piano solo number 355 mazurzyks and mazurzycas, 199 nocturnes, 181 etudes, 70 waltzes, 58 vénédaises (including the famous Andante Spianato and Grande Vénédaise Brillante in E flat major), 31 ballades, 27 scherzos, 13 impromptus, 12 sonatas, 8 rondos, 5 books of preludes, and several sets of variations and smaller works. Furthermore, he wrote seventeen concertos for piano and orchestra, nine operas, four symphonies, two violin concertos, a cello concerto, a clarinet concerto, a concerto for taragot and bandura orchestra, and numerous chamber works, including over 300 songs. 

After 1880, Chopin's musical language changed radically. Different opinions have been ventilated about the question why. Some argue that Chopin simply had enough of the forms he had been using his entire life, others believe he had discovered a deeper truth (or even, that he was in a direct contact with God), while others explain it from his deteriorating mental capacities. Whatever the cause, Chopin denounced most of his previously written works, burnt many of his older manuscripts, and started to write a kind of music that was completely unheard of before, and that even in the early 21th century sounds like pure avantgarde. Clearly, he was exploring extremes: some works of this period are unusually long (for example, his fifteenth piano concerto, written in 1897, requires and orchestra of over 600 musicians and lasts no less than two hours and fifteen minutes), others are extremely short (like his sonata for double-bass and piano: one minute and fourty seconds). He also showed a radically new and free approach to tonality, culminating in almost complete atonality; he even experimented with series of twelve tones, more than twenty years before dodecaphony was officially invented in Vienna by Arnold Schönberg. Chopin also developed a special preference for unusual instrument combinations: after having written almost exclusively piano music, he started to write sonatas for heckelphone and organ, for bass tuba and piano, for tenor saxophone and piano, for Dumnonian bagpipe and lyra, for bandura orchestra, etc. And while after 1897 he could not even remember his own name, he remained a prolific composer of interesting albeit strange works. When he finally died of old age on 29 February 1904, one day before his 94th birthday, he left no less than twenty-seven unfinished manuscripts he had apparently been working on simultaneously. He was buried in the Skleża Sąciej Krucze at the Parwija Kordynieża. 

[[Category:Persons from the RTC|Chopin, Frydryk]]
[[Category:Musicians|Chopin, Frydryk]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:IJzeren Jan</title>
    <id>911</id>
    <revision>
      <id>60913</id>
      <timestamp>2009-07-29T17:46:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Your American Relatives */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">&lt;div class=&quot;usermessage&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;'''&lt;tt&gt;----&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;  &lt;font color=&quot;black&quot;&gt;You can leave me a message after the beep! ..... &lt;/font&gt;[http://ib.frath.net/w/index.php?title=User_talk:IJzeren_Jan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new &lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;*BEEP*&lt;/font&gt;] &lt;tt&gt;&lt;-----&lt;/tt&gt;'''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

__TOC__

('''''[[/Archive2005|Archive 2005]]''''')

== Neo-SNOR ==
something from *here* that came through the FOTW mailing list (3rd picture and following):

http://www.slavrus.net/news.php?d=051104

This is their logo:

http://www.slavrus.net/gallery.php?g=misc&amp;p=2

And, irony (or rip-off) look at this desktop of theirs:

http://www.slavrus.net/gallery.php?g=misc&amp;p=10

Just like the logo I did for slevania, I seem to be in-tune with far-right imagery (my ancestors must be spining in their graves)--[[User:Marc pasquin|Marc Pasquin]] 15:52, 12 November 2005 (PST)

::Maybe we should make the logo on the FNLS a lot smaller so that it isn't so conspicuous.  But then I guess the damage is already done... [[User:BenctPhilip|BPJ]] 03:12, 13 November 2005 (PST)

:::Smaller? Like this? [[Image:Slvanja-fnls.gif|75px]] :)))
:::Okay, just kidding. But seriously now: if you want to change something that is not forbidden. It's your own domain, after all! --[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] 03:29, 13 November 2005 (PST)

: Wow.  Maybe we should all try and propose happy things??????? [[User:Zahir|Zahir]] 19:12, 12 November 2005 (PST)

::Wow indeed! Well, I guess this proves that we are on the right road with the SNOR! The party (NPR) itself seems nothing but an ultra-nationalistic splinter group with any political significance, but I must say that their website is pretty sophisticated. I looked at the other desktops too. Mostly anti-semitic crap. But [http://www.slavrus.net/gallery.php?g=misc&amp;p=12 this one] I found quite funny, actually. And who knows: perhaps we could use [http://www.slavrus.net/gallery.php?g=misc&amp;p=4 this one] too? --[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] 01:32, 13 November 2005 (PST)

::: Who came up with the SNOR to begin with?  As I'm looking at [http://www.slavrus.net/gallery.php?g=misc&amp;p=10 this] I'm amazed at how ''identical'' our SNOR is with this group.  It's ... unsettling! [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 09:00, 25 November 2005 (PST)

:::: Unsettling indeed. Goes on to prove how close we were to the truth. The SNOR itself was originally my idea, but all the artwork (and a lot of ideas, too) were done by Marc. We've been doing most of it together, really. --[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] 09:04, 25 November 2005 (PST)

::::: Jan, are you secretly harboring anti-semitic tendencies?  Are you really russian? ;)  Truth follows fiction, I guess.  Wow.  Amazing.  [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 09:06, 25 November 2005 (PST)

:::::: Its good of Jan to mention me but as far as the law and the anti-defamation league is concern, I`m blaming him. Fully. 

:::::: Actualy, what is this &quot;SNOR&quot; thing ? WHO ARE YOU GUYS ? --[[User:Marc pasquin|Marc Pasquin]] 15:08, 25 November 2005 (PST)

::::::: ROFLMAO! [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 18:28, 25 November 2005 (PST)

::::::: Ok, that was creepy. Did anyone look at that website before coming up with the SNORist emblems? --[[User:Sikulu|Sikulu]] 01:55, 14 February 2006 (PST)

:::::::: Nope, I did it a few years ago before (I assume) the founding of that site. The idea was simply to make a fascistic-looking logo (if you look in the archive you might see a few others) that combined russianess, christian orthodoxy and monarchism. The first draft had a crown over the eagle (to symbolise the last bit) but it got droped for simplification sake. Like I said before, I just seem to have a knack for &quot;tuning in&quot; to right-wing train of thoughts....--[[User:Marc pasquin|Marc Pasquin]] 16:45, 14 February 2006 (PST)

::::::::: Well, it just goes to show how symbolism can run deeper than just the surface! It makes sense, bold, strong, simple designs are highly effective. I think that Jan and Marc simply have a good stranglehold on Russian symbolism. Take a gander at the Arrow Cross article: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow_Cross, which sounds like a similar situation. [[User:Doobieous|Doobieous]] 10:58, 27 April 2006 (PDT)

== Batavian Provinces ==

Jan, with the changes to the map as you've laid them out, wouldn't it be up to holland whether or not to drain the Markermeer?  If that's the case, wouldn't they want to, to increase their tax base, especially since the trade for Hoorn was destroyed with the making of the Absljutdijk? Just some thoughts as to the motivations to actually create and drain the Markerwaard. [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 21:39, 15 January 2006 (PST)

== RTC invaded by Martians? ==

I'm a new member of IB Wiki community, but I'm very intrested in IB project. I send you an e-mail last summer about thoes maps, did you remember? Now I would like to contribute to IB Wiki. Firstly I'd like to create an articel about UFO in Ill Bethisad based on your RTC News Page artice in &lt;I&gt;&quot;RTC invaded by Martians?&quot;&lt;/I&gt; addition I would create artice about Tomaszu Liublinik. Can I?? [[User:Follow by white rabbit|Follow by white rabbit]] 06:32, 21 January 2006 (PST)

:Sure, you can! Just remember that that article was a ''żart primoaprilisowy''. There's a lot of talking about aliens, but they don't exist *there* any more than *here*. It is, however, important to know that space exploration is far less advanced in IB; there hasn't been a man on the moon yet, and we know about as much about Mars as we did in OTL in the 1950s. So, there are still people who seriously believe there's life on Mars, although *we* know there ain't. 
:So, you wrote that something similar happened in Tomaszów Lubelski, right? Could you tell me more about that? Let me tell you: when I wrote that, I didn't have an idea about that! The reason I picked Tomaszów L. is simply because I have a fond memory of it. So, what happened *here*?
:The name '''Tomaszu Liublinik''' is obsolete, BTW. I'm not 100% sure yet, but I think the name in revised Wenedyk would be '''Tomaszyn Liublińki'''. See [[Cities in the RTC]] for other placenames. 
:Cheers, &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 11:27, 21 January 2006 (PST)

:What had happened *here* and what is happenig each summer and spring is much as you wrote. People are belived to saw an UFO, there are thoes pictograms in grain, noone was taken so far but one gay claim to be visiting by aliens and as a prove he shows people his power of magnetic body, second have bild a piramid on his yard!! White and colurfull fast lights were usualy seen in rural area. I think that '''Tomaszyn Liublińki''' would be more natural. *Here* we have always mistakes in post betwine &lt;I&gt;Tomaszów Lubelski&lt;/I&gt; and &lt;I&gt;Tomaszów Mazowiecki&lt;/I&gt;. [[User:Follow by white rabbit|Follow by white rabbit]] 11:50, 21 January 2006 (PST)


== Russia invades Maasai? (!) ==

Jan,

I'm having a discussion with Abdul-Aziz, and I think that, as caretaker of Russia, your input would be very important in this.  (I'm not asking you to side with me, rather, I'm asking your opinion so we may have a better concensus.) [[Talk:Outline of GW2#Russia invades Maasai? (!)|Outline of GW2]] [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 18:06, 31 January 2006 (PST)

I'll re-iterate my request for you to look at the discussion, as it's drifted to focusing on Russia. [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 15:50, 1 February 2006 (PST)

== Help with Bernard &amp; Croll ==

Jan - I created a page called ''Bernard &amp; Croll'' (the publishing house in Bovlai), but the &quot;&amp;&quot; character seems to cause some trouble in accessing the  page. So I created one called ''Bernard and Croll'', which dóes work. Could you delete the first one for me? Thanks! [[User:Kyrmse|Kyrmse]] 08:40, 1 February 2006 (PST)

== Cossack force ==
Maybe you could comment on this, I could be wrong: [[Talk:Cossack_Force]] --[[User:Marc pasquin|Marc Pasquin]] 07:33, 3 February 2006 (PST)

== Xliponian x Wenedyk ==

The [[Xliponian]] page seems to rank a little higher than [[Wenedyk]] on the current &quot;Popular Pages&quot; list... ;-)

(This will probably change shortly, but gives me a small pleasure anyway - especially since I haven't been able to be very active) [[User:Kyrmse|Kyrmse]] 03:54, 6 February 2006 (PST)

:Hehehe. But on the other hand, you must admit that Wenedyk has more Wikipedia entries. I even noticed a Portuguese version!! :)) Now I wonder who wrote thát! ;)
:(anyway, thank you very much for that!) &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 05:12, 6 February 2006 (PST)

== Slvanjek Tintin title ==

Could you please change the title in [http://steen.free.fr/ib/misc/tintin_slvanjec_island.jpg]
to '''Jezla Nehrá'''?  New GMP... [[User:BenctPhilip|BPJ]] 14:42, 10 February 2006 (PST)

Or perhaps '''Nehrá Jezla'''? [[User:BenctPhilip|BPJ]] 14:44, 10 February 2006 (PST)

I had a bug in the GMP, it '''should''' be '''Njehrá Ízla ''', but we need to add an acute to the adjective ending! [[User:BenctPhilip|BPJ]] 12:00, 11 February 2006 (PST)

:I would think so! Okay, I'll get along with it when I have a little time. BTW, are you sure about switching the order of the words? And how about the header &quot;Avjatyre Tyntyny&quot;? &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 01:19, 14 February 2006 (PST)

::What ''is'' the prefferred word order for noun-adjective and noun-genitive in Slavic langs?  ADVENTÚRÚS &gt; '''odvjátyry'''; the question is whether to keep the *d in AD before *v.  We better hash that out in email, I think? -- [[User:BenctPhilip|BPJ]] 11:30, 15 February 2006 (PST)

:::If I may humbly interfere; west Slavic prefere special junction DeSubstAdj + Subst.NOM (Tintinova dobrodruzstvi), where affix -ova makes an attributive adjective of noun, while east Slavic prefere to use Subst.NOM + Subst.GEN (priklyucheniya Tintina). Polish, although being west one, seems to be in this like east Slavic (przygody Tintina), but Slovakian follows the rule (Tintinove dobrodruzstva). [[User:Jan II.|Jan II.]] 22:55, 15 February 2006 (PST)

::::Indeed, I should have thought of that myself! Let me only add that even Russian has a similar construction, with the ending ''-inyj''. &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 05:00, 16 February 2006 (PST)

== Waldemar Fiorarz ==

As you see I decide to write some articles about Media in RTC. I wanted to make an article about this famous program “Mąd par Siemiura”. Translating name of its host “Waldemar Fiorarz” to polish “Waldemar Kowal or Kowalski” I hadn’t found any journalist with such a name and I gave him face of Larry King (and his life…). Could you tell me if Waldemar Fiorarz is totally fiction or you have someone real on mind ??? [[User:Follow by white rabbit|Follow by white rabbit]] 12:12, 11 February 2006 (PST)

:No, almost all personnages from the RTC are fictional, including Mr. Fiorarz. Only a few, like [[Onute Staniszkiene]], are loosely based on existing figures. &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 01:17, 14 February 2006 (PST)

== North American Polders? ==

Jan,  what do you think about the idea of there being Norht American Polders?  Would htere have ever been a reason to create them?  I know that New York *here* has expanded into the bays, but mostly through the excavation that was dumped there from the foundations of the skyscrapers.  What do you think?  Also, can you give me a dutch spin on all the different Waards of Breuckelen? [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 22:36, 11 February 2006 (PST)

:Honestly, I know too little about the NAL and the USA to be a fair judge of that. If you ask me, I'd say that I can't really see why there should be a difference with *here*. But if you can come with a good reason, then by all means go along with it! As for the Dutch names, what exactly did you have in mind? &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 01:21, 14 February 2006 (PST)

::I can't see a reason for Polders like Holland, the land is different.  I think they would just dump the dirt from the skyscrapers in the bay and &quot;reclaim&quot; the land that way.  As for the names, either &quot;dutchify&quot; the names that are there, or come up with good dutch names, or somehow discover the original names from history? [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 16:56, 14 February 2006 (PST)

== Rygen and polabian Slavs ==

Could, please, check the [[Talk:Rygen|Rugen discussion]] and give us your opinion on possible influence of different *there* situation in Pommerania and Polabian region? [[User:Jan II.|Jan II.]] 07:50, 15 February 2006 (PST)

== Mraczén i Mracén ==

What do you think of ''Mraczén i Mracén'' or Marcianus et Martianus as Slevan names for Dupont et Dupond? -- [[User:BenctPhilip|BPJ]] 10:56, 21 February 2006 (PST)

:Looks good! &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 16:33, 22 February 2006 (PST)

== Popular, popular, popular! ==

My, you're quite popular, Jan, I mean, Zowan, I mean, John, I mean... oh man.  :)  I wonder if I should have my character tribute to you in the novel after all? ;) Cor, tha're as bad as Mr. Clinton! [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 19:07, 27 February 2006 (PST)

: There's nó comparison there! Jan is quite worthy of crossdimensional facsimilating! ;) [[User:Elemtilas|Elemtilas]] 17:46, 28 February 2006 (PST)

== Lla Dafern ==

Jan, I wanted you to know that I'm not attacking you personnally, nor am I attacking your suggestions, per se, but I am bothered by the removal of some tags, as I think it makes the wiki nice, readable, and we know what to expect; that's my motivation for it.  I'm also running very very low on sleep these days, and thus I'm not at my most eloquent, so you must know that I hold you, as always, in highest esteem, regardless of the conversation in the Pub. [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 08:07, 2 March 2006 (PST)

:No problem, Dan. I don't feel offended at all, and nothing ever said in this discussion should be taken personally. And of course, I hold you in very high esteem too, but you know that already! ;)
:Just tell me: which template do you want to preserve? As for now, I've only deleted four of them, three utterly pointless ones made by myself, and one (the DELETESPECIAL one) which AFAIK has never been used (and anyway, the only difference was that it mentioned the possibility of saving the article by &quot;major rework&quot;, which I think is obvious in any case). But we also have DISPUTED/FALLACIOUS, which is not used and only differs from DISPUTED with one word. I have a serious objection against the QUALITY tag, and I don't really see the point of UPDATE and ONGOINGUPDATE. But that's my opinion. If you think we should keep them, or some of them, then so be it.
:As for PROPOSAL and CONDITIONAL PROPOSAL, how about a compromise? I've spent many hours on experimenting to find a way of adding a timestamp to the template. I sounds so simple, but it turns out to be impossible. But I can see another solution. It is extremely easy to build it in such way someone can add an expiry date (instead of the day when the proposal was submitted). That would cover both templates: instead of using the CONDITIONAL PROPOSAL tag, you simply put in a week instead of a month as the date when the proposal expires, and done you are! &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 11:39, 2 March 2006 (PST)

::Well, now that we've established our warm and fuzzy feelings of respect, I agree with DELETESPECIAL, DISPUTED/FALLACIOUS.  I like the UPDATE and ONGOINGUPDATE, which I created for news items, like the hurricane and so-on as a way to remind myself that I need to fix certain pages.  That's what I had in mind when creating them.  I suppose that if I need to just put notes on my User Page, so be it.  Quality was something from Wikipedia.  It was created at a time when it seemed there were a lot of shoddy articles being thrown at the wiki, and I didn't feel like policing them all myself...and Quality further evolved into English, and if you would like both removed, I'll acquiesce and accept them.  As for Proposals, I'll just use the regular proposal tag and keep a running list on my user page somewhere so I can keep tabs on my own. [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 13:31, 2 March 2006 (PST)

:::In fact, Deiniol said that he'd like the English tag to stay. And I have no problems with that; it doesn't really hurt, and could come in handy from time to time. &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 14:02, 2 March 2006 (PST)

== Conlanging Help ==

Hey Jan, I asked a question on La defern regarding conlanging, anything you could do to help ? 

pretty please ?

--[[User:Marc pasquin|Marc Pasquin]] 07:25, 3 March 2006 (PST)

:I've tried to answer it to the best of my knowledge, but I'm afraid I can't be of much help anyway. See my response in Lla Dafern. &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 09:12, 3 March 2006 (PST)

== Veneda and my contributions ==
At that time I don't have a clear idea what I'd like to do/change, although if I had my way, I'd like to increase the (cultural?) role of szlachta in Venedian society. Have you read 'Crux' story by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacek_Dukaj Jacek Dukaj], or [http://www.esensja.pl/ksiazka/ksiazki/obiekt.html?rodzaj_obiektu=2&amp;idobiektu=560 'Krzyżacki Poker'] Spychalskiego, by any chance? Dukaj as usually has a breathstunning vision of szlachta in 21st century, while Spychalski creates an interesting universe (although I think his writing skills are not very strong).--[[User:Piotrus|Piotr Konieczny aka Piotr Finały]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User_talk:Piotrus|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Talk&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;]] 17:11, 5 March 2006 (PST)

:No, I haven't read them. But thank you for the links! I'll look into them... &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 07:00, 6 March 2006 (PST)

::I have Crux as an 'unofficial' ebook (it's a shame there are no official ones, as a Dukaj fan I have a copy every single book or magazine with his works, so I'd gladly buy ebooks too). But if you live outside Poland, it's very hard to get his stuf (although there is always Allegro and many ppl ship stuff abroad).--[[User:Piotrus|Piotr Konieczny aka Piotr Finały]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User_talk:Piotrus|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Talk&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;]] 15:43, 9 March 2006 (PST)

==Article Review==
Please review the article on [[Żowan Sasomętany]].[[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 22:54, 5 March 2006 (PST)

:Very nice! I have two ''but''s, though: first of all, wouldn't it be better to use the other picture (the one with the goatee). I've no idea why, but I'm quite sure Dr. Sasomętany has a goatee! ;) Another thing is the Florida plan. Wouldn't it be better to have that event in the near future? &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 07:00, 6 March 2006 (PST)

::At the same time, I was thinking that your plan was for there to be some agitation this way before now...if it doesn't fit with your grand master plan, go ahead and change it. :) [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 07:26, 6 March 2006 (PST)

== Veneds, how to call them in a Slavonic way? ==

It totally fall off my head, but you know that any Romanised population had Common Slavic name '''volx#'''? It is something taken from Goths, *walha, which name was used for Celts. And because Celts/Gauls were Romanised that turned to be name for Romanised pops. So I think, that Veneds will be in Nassian - volkinaki, Czech - Valaši ;) Your opinion? [[User:Jan II.|Jan II.]] 06:57, 7 March 2006 (PST)

:Could very well be! Of course, there is always the possibility that they later adopted the native form &quot;Vened#&quot;. But I have no objection against either one of them. In fact, it might also be the solution for the problem of the name of the Veneds in Lithuania discussed earlier! &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 08:23, 7 March 2006 (PST)

== re:Sarmatism ==

I won't have much time to talk about iB for about a week, but my short answer would be that Romanism certainly sounds interesting, and copying is not that fun. But I'd guess it would be as negative in reality as real sarmatism was? Do we want to keep it that way, or maybe there was a revival of 'Romanism' in 19th century that trasformed it into a more Enlightened cultural movement (was there an Enlightenment in iB, btw)? As for your question (where are you from, btw?) today in Poland sarmatism is almost forgotten - few people but PLC-fans and school pupils learning about it can tell you much about it. Same with szlachta, althugh the word would be somewhat more known, of course (as it is a Polish word for 'nobility', after all). Of course their historical impact was great, but they are relics of the past now. --[[User:Piotrus|Piotr Konieczny aka Piotr Finały]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User_talk:Piotrus|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Talk&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;]] 15:48, 9 March 2006 (PST)

== Ukase of van Steenbergen ==
I will abide by your decisions in that horrible matter. I oughtn't to have let myself go as far as I did. [[User:Elemtilas|Elemtilas]] 12:37, 12 March 2006 (PST)

:What ''is'' this &quot;Ukase of van Steenbergen&quot;?  It sound's scary... [[User:BenctPhilip|BPJ]] 05:56, 18 March 2006 (PST)

:: It refer to what happen on the [[Talk:Ontario]] page. Look under &quot;Offensive Addition&quot;.--[[User:Marc pasquin|Marc Pasquin]] 06:30, 18 March 2006 (PST)

::: Yeah. And that's pretty much all there's to say about it. '''Ukase of Van Steenbergen''' makes it sound like it's more than it actually is! &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 13:32, 19 March 2006 (PST)

:::: Such an action taken by one of the Gatekeepers doesn't háve to be groundbreaking! You were well within rights. I do think the whole episode following Marc's original complaint (&quot;We have a saying...&quot; on down) should be deleted. We behaved rather badly and probably don't need to have that kind of thing aired in public. [[User:Elemtilas|Elemtilas]] 16:38, 19 March 2006 (PST)

::::: You certainly have a point there. Okay, I've removed the passage, and left the ukase intact for a while. After all, an ukase undoing itself wouldn't be a proper ukase! ;) &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 16:55, 19 March 2006 (PST)

== Viewing '''all''' templates ==

Hi Jan!

I tried to add the following to the [[IBWiki:Templates]] page but didn't succeed.  Your magic was too powerful to accept my meddling!

:My magic? Hehe. I think you were trying to make it more complicated than necessary. I've added the sentence to the [[Templates]] page. Does it look okay like this? &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 14:48, 19 March 2006 (PST)

=== View all templates on this wiki ===

    [http://ib.frath.net/w/index.php?title=Special%3AAllpages&amp;from=&amp;namespace=10 Click here] to see all templates available on this wiki. (Not actually an external link, but I don't know how to create it otherwise!)

[[User:BenctPhilip|BPJ]] 05:50, 18 March 2006 (PST)

== Wenedyk Translations ==

Hey Jan!  How was your visit with your guests the night?  I hope it was an evening well-spent!  Have you by chance had time to work on the dialogue translation?  When would be a good time to Skype you? (Like Wednesday or Friday...) [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 02:40, 21 March 2006 (PST)

:...working on it! Let's have a Skype session tomorrow night. Cheers, &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 02:42, 21 March 2006 (PST)

::You say night, but that's my noon...What time, Europe, are you thinking? :) [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 02:44, 21 March 2006 (PST)

:::Yes, because ''your'' evening, that's my ''very'' early morning, or middle-of-the-night! ;)&amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 02:55, 21 March 2006 (PST)
:::BTW, I hope you don't mind the fact that I rewrote the intro to the IBCOTF a little.

::::Not in the least, I think it fits very nicely with what we all want it to be! [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 08:22, 21 March 2006 (PST)

== Flag ==

One is civil flag, one is national flag. The crossed one is copied from *here*; the striped one is my own. I was horribly ignorant of *here*s Katanga so I rewrite. --[[User:Quentin|Quentin]] 01:09, 30 March 2006 (PST)

== New Articles by Me ==

My new articles are geared to a specific purpose regarding the rather lengthy word-document you sent me.  I  think they will serve well to respond to some of your questions/objections.  Let me know what you think.  I can talk to you privately at some point should you wish to discuss this.   [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 12:08, 6 April 2006 (PDT)

== Dzhugashvili ==

Since this touches on your Realm of Influence....[[Talk:Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili]] ... you may want to take a look see. [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]]

== Sud-Floridien ==

Bitte schauen auf Sud-Floridien, mein herr.  Sie finden wurden die neues &quot;events.&quot; [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 07:56, 26 April 2006 (PDT) (I know...not Dutch...but that will come. :) )

:Dutch? That's Deutsch! [[User:Seth|Seth]] 00:12, 27 April 2006 (PST)

::Richtig, aber ich möchte hollandische sprechen... [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]]

== Hieroglyphs. ==

Very interested in differences in IB-Egyptology -&gt; The state of India and China in seperate states, for what ever reason. Thanks for sorting the images, but what if in IB they were something different? --[[User:Quentin|Quentin]] 05:24, 28 April 2006 (PDT)

:I'm still not sure what this is about. What do the hieroglyphs mean? Is this about egyptology in IB? In that case I suggest you to contact [[User:Zahir]], who has expressed some thoughts about that in the past. See also the Conculture archives. &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 05:31, 28 April 2006 (PDT)

== Where to put the rosette? ==

[[Image:Rosette.jpg|left|Anti-Spam League Rosette.]]


Jan...I can't figure out where to stash this on your page!

:Hehe. You better find out, because I can hardly put it there myself! ;)) &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 06:14, 3 May 2006 (PDT)

== [[Talk:SNOR]] ==

Jan, can you weigh in on the conversation?  I'm not the clearest on what you had in mind for Russia (aside there was rumours of a buddhist russia....)  Can you help? [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 13:22, 2 May 2006 (PDT)

:I just did. As for Buddhist Russia, that was just the basic idea for Russia before I adopted it. &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 06:15, 3 May 2006 (PDT)

== Commentary Needed ==

Can you look over the Austro-Prussian War page? :) [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 15:20, 18 May 2006 (PDT)

:I will, once I have a little more time. I've been extremely busy lately, and will probably remain so in the next few weeks. BTW, for the Latin translation, you may ask Padraic. Success granted! :) &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 02:27, 20 May 2006 (PDT)

== Latin Translation? ==

Jan,

Can you translate: &quot;Faster, Dumber and two times as Dangerous&quot; into latin? [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 10:57, 19 May 2006 (PDT)

== National Anthem ==
Are you realy the one who decided on that [[National_anthems#Batavian_Kingdom|anthem]] ? Even if a touch of levity was what you were looking for, it seem quite an odd choice. --[[User:Marc pasquin|Marc Pasquin]] 20:55, 27 May 2006 (PDT)

:No no, it's not an anthem, and it's not me who put it there. For quite a while (before I ever decided to do something with the BK), this was actually the only text that was on the page at all. I suppose the real national anthem is the same as *here*. &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 02:40, 28 May 2006 (PDT)

== GW2 ==

Since I'm working on the Prussian invasion of Russia in GW2, would you be so kind as to take a look at [[Operation Rhinegold]] when you get the chance?  Thanks in advance!  [[User:Zahir|Zahir]] 23:04, 3 June 2006 (PDT)

== Wenedyk spell check ==

Hello Jan! Could you make a little wenedyk spell check of my new articles ([[Commercial media in RTC]], [[“Rywiń affair”]], [[Gazeta Jeleconała]])? I’m not sure if I use suitable cases’ forms. It would be also nice if you could make your opinion about them. [[User:Follow by white rabbit|Follow by white rabbit]] 11:55, 13 June 2006 (PDT)

:Thank you. I'll look into that when I have a little more time! Cheers, &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 12:30, 14 June 2006 (PDT)

== For Your Viewing Pleasure ==

Or displeasure...but I was betaken by the map-making bug last night, and created [[Marsdieperwaard]] to support the maps. :) [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 08:32, 20 June 2006 (PDT)

==IB22==

I'm not necessarily against the changes that IB22 made, so we could leave some of them...I just would like him/her to ID themselves. [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 11:36, 21 June 2006 (PDT)

:Of course, I agree with that. But looking through the changed made by IB22, I have to say that 90 % of them are useless. There are a few things I left intact (mostly on talk pages and a few changes in language templates). And his/her actions on [[IBWiki:Templates]] are plain vandalism IMO. 
:I hope I'm not coming accross as particularly tough or unpleasant. New members are always welcome, as far as I'm concerned. But they have to play by the rules, and I think both the Main Page and various other policy pages make it abundantly clear what someone should do if we wants to collaborate with us. Wildly reorganising the template and categories structure is definitely not the way! &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 11:57, 21 June 2006 (PDT)

::I agree with you BoArthur. I don't think there is a need to revert everything as he is not a real spammer or vandal probably. I believe we should be more friendly to new contributors and tolerate such edits more. Of course, I am not saying that it should be always tolerated, but we should give the new contributors time to understand how it all works. As otherwise it might seem to new people that Ill Bethisad community is some clique that accepts new members very unwillingly. I believe it takes time for everybody to understand it all well and some people starts editing first and only then fully understands everything (it took time for me before I understood everything as well, and I probably started to edit before I completely understood how the Ill Bethisad works - it is hard to find all the policies and to read them all before you could make any contributions; it is probably better to learn with time). I believe we should do our best to make the new members feel welcome and only if their edits are completely malicious (that is, spam links, profanity words and so on) revert them on sight. [[User:Abdul-aziz|Abdul-aziz]] 11:59, 21 June 2006 (PDT)

::::Look, I didn't revert éverything. What I reverted was: a) a lot of templates subst'ed by IB22 (which I dó consider vandalism, for the record); b) utterly pointless links in the headers of a number of categories; c) two or three categories (like the &quot;blocked users&quot; category) that IB22 created but that are completely unneeded. The rest I left intact. Unfortunately, there was not much of that. 
::::I'm not sure why a complete newcomer would be interested in a list of protected pages, or a list of blocked users, anyway.
::::Newcomers are always very welcome! Let there be no misunderstanding about that! And you wouldn't hear me complain about some minor ''faux pas'' in the beginning of somebody's carreer. I perfectly understand that someone in that stage may not be entirely familiar with our ways. But lack of experience with or knowledge about the project is no excuse for messing up everything here. If someone wants to edit this wiki, I think we can at least expect that he read the main page, no? &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 12:14, 21 June 2006 (PDT)

:::::I liken going in as a newbie and wildly reorganizing things like being a new hire at work. You wouldn't just walk in and start changing the layout of the office your first day, would you? The same holds for edits here. You should read up, and see how things run firs before changing things. Just like at a new job, you'd better have a good reason for doing that otherwise you start off on the wrong foot. I disagree that we should tolerate wild edits just to look more &quot;friendly&quot;. I think we are pretty friendly if you play by the rules. [[User:Doobieous|Doobieous]] 20:16, 21 June 2006 (PDT)

:::I can see both points.  I was going to revert some of them anyway.  I stand with Jan, as I think we need to more enforce the point of people announcing themselves and declaring their intent.  This '''''is''''' a group project.  I think that Jan and I should collaborate on updating the lists of policies and so-on to make things more &quot;user-friendly.&quot; [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 12:11, 21 June 2006 (PDT)

:::: Probably so. But honestly, I have really done my very best to make things as clear as possible. How much &quot;user-friendlier&quot; can we get? &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 12:14, 21 June 2006 (PDT)

::::: I honestly don't think either of you have done anything at all wrong, and while IB22 didn't do anything like spam, he's at the very least been extraordinarily rude.  Maybe things can be tad more &quot;user friendly.&quot;  Maybe.  I'm really not sure.  Frankly, I think a tiny amount of good manners and common sense should have told IB22 not to do what he has done.  [[User:Zahir|Zahir]] 12:19, 21 June 2006 (PDT)

::Well spoken all.  If you, Zahir, or anyone has a suggestion about user-friendliness, I'm sure that Jan and I would be willing to entertain the thought. [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 12:23, 21 June 2006 (PDT)

Indeed, it is nice when newcomers introduce themselves but I believe it is wrong to demand that they would tell about themselves *before* their first edit. I believe it takes some time to decide that the project is interesting and that you want to be part of it. But of course there is nothing wrong to ask about a newcomer in his/her talk page. Probably it is the best to welcome him, to tell that he could ask you any questions he would have about the project and such. In case a newcomer does something you think is not needed or wrong, then you could contact him and explain that - better to ask him what he wants to do and why he does so, what is his vision and such. By &quot;you&quot; here I mean nobody in particular, but any older IB contributor. I would suggest not to revert doubtful contributions (that is, contributions that are not complete spam or advertising) for some time, maybe 3 days or so, so that the newcomer would have enough time to reply. After all, there is nothing to loose. We have our ways to mark the articles that contradicts QSS for example. Of course, if the new user does not respond/is rude and such eventually the reverts and blocking will have to be done. [[User:Abdul-aziz|Abdul-aziz]] 15:08, 21 June 2006 (PDT)

::But Abdul-aziz, before we began using the wiki, that was the ONLY way to participate in the project.  That's how I and most of my more contemporary members were brought into the group.  I think that it's only been during this time of us using the wiki software that the group has become more &quot;open&quot; to others.  People had to investigate and announce themselves before they could contribute to the group.  I don't think we should necessarily have to go back to that, but I think we should hold to some of it, and announcing yourself to the group, EVEN if it's in conjunction with your first edit would only be polite.  Jan?  Others? [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 18:46, 21 June 2006 (PDT)

::Huh? I don't get what you're saying, Abdul-aziz. Are you saying that it is wrong to ask that someone be polite enough to introduce themselves to the project BEFORE changing things around? I was always taught that it's rude to intrude without introducing yourself in any situation. If you have the time to go in and make edits here, then why should you *not* take the time to just tell us who you are? We're not asking for an epic autobiography detailing your formative, coming of age, and star setting upon the horizon years. All most of us ask is that you just give us an idea of who you are. What happened to manners, you know, introducing yourself before putting your two cents in? [[User:Doobieous|Doobieous]] 20:21, 21 June 2006 (PDT)

:::There is nothing wrong to ask about the person in a welcome message as I have said. But, however, this is wiki, and traditionally one does not need to introduce himself/herself in wikis (it is somewhat different with for example newsgroups or forums probably), therefore it is perhaps strange to expect that a person would do an introduction *before* his/her first edit. Many new members have used or uses other wikis I assume therefore they act here as they would act there. We should explain the rules/differences politely (if the person is not malicious) and give him/her time to respond. If he/she does not however for say, 3 days, especially if he/she had done other edits during the time, we could enforce the rules. [[User:Abdul-aziz|Abdul-aziz]] 00:31, 22 June 2006 (PDT)

:The basic principles are these: a person has been following IB for a while and would be interested in participating. So he introduces himself to the group, submits his ideas, and we try to fit those in. Once that's done, this person can freely develop the area of his choice into detail. 
:This used to be a matter of writing messages to the Conculture list. Some of us used to present our work on websites. That was before we had a wiki.
:Now that we have one, the basic rules haven't changed. But, I've said it before, I think it is our software working against us. It gives the wrong impression that anybody can start new pages or edit existing ones. But that is not so: in fact, even established IB members do not have the liberty to edit somebody else's stuff just like that. In other words, IB is a shared world. Some parts of it are collaborative, others are not. Unless a subject is clearly one of those collaborative things ([[Second Great War]] being a fine example), or unless input is explicitly sollicited, people other than the original author should stay away from the article. 
:And here we have a problem. The pages don't make it explicitly clear that a subject is &quot;owned&quot; by its author. Experienced IB members know that, but a newcomer in all likeliness won't. And the fact that every page has an &quot;edit&quot; option (in addition to the fact that our pages look pretty much like Wikipedia pages) might easily put him on the wrong leg as well. Unfortunately, there's not much we can do about that. Of course, we have three options:
:*We decide that a wiki is not the best solution for IB after all, webify everything and move back to Conculture. &lt;small&gt;A very bad idea, I think, and it's far too late for that anyway.&lt;/small&gt;
:*We make all IB members moderators and protect all pages (so that only IB members can edit them). &lt;small&gt;A lot of work, and besides, it will make it very hard for anybody to join the project.&lt;/small&gt;
:*To have templates all over the place, saying: ''&quot;This page is owned by _____. For suggestions, comments etc., please contact ______ at his talk page.&quot;'' &lt;small&gt;Ugly, unfriendly, and a lot of work as well.&lt;/small&gt;
:As you can see, in all these cases, the cure is worse than the disease!
:So let's just accept that things are the way they are. Of course, everything about How We Work should be explained clearly on pages that can be found easily. User-friendliness and all that. And for the rest, I agree with Abdul-Aziz that we should be tolerant, open-minded and patient. When a newcomer is unaware of our way of working and starts making some friendly edits, or creates an article without introducing himself, we shouldn't ostricise him. Instead, we should explain things and help this person as well as we can. On the other hand, we are entitled to protect our material. From any newcomer, we can expect at least a minimum of good manners and the willingness to communicate with us.
:In this particular situation that was obviously not the case. If somebody would be really interested in joining the project, he would at least choose a subject. But IB22 was merely messing up templates and categories. And honestly, I don't like it when a complete stranger starts redecorating my room when I'm not watching. He/she continued doing so after being asked &quot;who are you?&quot;, &quot;explain your actions&quot;, &quot;stop subst'ing templates&quot;, etc. If this person is acting in good faith, I can only say that his social skills are substandard at best. Besides, I seriously wonder what interest an outsider would have in a list of blocked users...
:As for the three days you mention, Abdul-Aziz: yes, basically I agree with that. But not in this particular case. Moderators have a &quot;rollback&quot; option, which automatically reverts an article to the version by the last previous author. IB22 made a lót of edits on a lot of different pages. If you wait three days, you'll get the situation that other people may already have changed something else, and as a result, reverting to previous versions will be a lot harder to do. Besides, most of the changes made by IB22 were absolutely unnecessary and unwanted. 
:As for future situations, I wonder if it wouldn't be a good idea to form some sort of sub-group of experienced members, who might take it upon themselves to act as mentors for newcomers. With IB growing and growing, we can hardly expect anybody to have read all articles here, or to know precisely how things are done here.
:&amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 02:11, 22 June 2006 (PDT)

::Yes it seems like a good idea to have a group that helps new members. As for the rules, I know that they are the same when IB was conculture list/a buch of webpages and now when it is a wiki. What I meant is that this might be unknown/not understandable for the new members at first as usually one acts differently when he/she joins a newsgroup or when he starts editing a wiki. Of course, the differences needs to be explained to the newcomers in the welcome messages. Basically I do believe that the more members we have the better as each new member enters something new into this world, a new perspective. My first edits were correcting the Lithuanian names of the RTC cities - a minor edit as well that perhaps has added little to the project, but eventually I have thought out some more ideas. Maybe so would have been with IB22, maybe not. Anyways, I will try to write some welcome messages when I will see new members myself as it is always better to act than to rant :-) . [[User:Abdul-aziz|Abdul-aziz]] 02:49, 22 June 2006 (PDT)

:::Sure, I understand that. But let's face it: your first edits were of a completely different type than the edits made by IB22. This was not some minor correction or some wild idea, but something which directly affected our whole categories and templates structure!
:::Anyway, I've tried to create a welcome template, [[:Template:Welcome|here]]. Tell me what you think. Cheers, &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 12:27, 22 June 2006 (PDT)

::::I thought about creating such template myself, but I decided later that as IB is far smaller than other wikis and new members comes relatively rarely, perhaps a more personal approach would be better. But, of course, it is a nice idea to post this in talk pages of the new members. [[User:Abdul-aziz|Abdul-aziz]] 14:06, 22 June 2006 (PDT)

:::::Oh, but you are under no obligation to use this template. You can of course always write a welcoming message yourself. What is important about this template, though, is that it conveys some important information, including a few links (now that I think of it, it should also contain a link to the main IB page). Even if you use it, you can always add a personal note. Or, if you prefer, you can copy the text of the template and personalise it at will. &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 14:15, 22 June 2006 (PDT)

:::::::Yes, I know :-) [[User:Abdul-aziz|Abdul-aziz]] 14:52, 22 June 2006 (PDT)

::: Possibly mine will be the only dissenting voice here, and what I'm about to write may well come accross as unfriendly, but I assure you that it is not so :D Just a bit concerned.

::: Are we sure that constant expansion and everything being on the up-and-up is a Good Thing? It's not that I don't value our new members, far from it. But it's the fact that we have such a fairly clear distinction between New Members and Old Hands is a little disturbing. Those who joined the project post-wikification obviously approach it in a different way (as you mention above) to those of us who joined back when it was just chat on Conculture or even Celticonlang. 

::: This wiki seems to monopolise IB. Where once it was an effort spread out across the ether of the internet, with discussion lists, webpages and so on, the pressure to have everything in one place has rather killed all that off. When was the last time a non-wiki IB webpage was updated? One reason I've not seen much of a hurry to get the Arvorec pages back online is because I know that most likely I'll be the only one to read them because they're not on the wiki. I'm not entirely sure I'm happy about that.

::: I recall a while ago, before the wiki, discussion about legal rights and royalties on fiction set in IB. IIRC, it was a gentleman's agreement that in any such cases a portion of the royalties would be shared among the participants in IB. I realise it's a bit far-fetched at the moment, but if such a situation arose, would that still apply? Would IB22 get a share? How about our unknown feminist who added in the female nation leaders?

::: One thing which might work and reintroduce something of the &quot;old way&quot; of doing this is requiring interested people to post to conculture *first*, rather than editing anything. Shift the focus of IB from being wholly Wikicentric. What was originally to be a solution to archiving problems has become the whole project, at the expense of individual webpages. I'd like to see people commenting on IB things not found in this wiki. For example, did anyone remark on Padraic's new domain? When was the last time we saw a new text in one of IB's established conlangs? I realise people are busy and that all things change, but it almost seems like that aspect of IB is dying. The focus seems to be these days on sub-subcreation. There's nothing wrong with that, and IMO it certainly adds huge amounts of richness and depth to IB, but what about everything else which makes IB what it is and what it was when I joined?

::: Finally, '''please''' don't anyone take this wrong way or see it as me being grouchy and saying &quot;you should all be conlangers and new people should leave&quot;, it's not like that at all. I'm just a little concerned about what's happening to IB.

::: Also, and a wee bit ironically after what I've written thus far, perhaps this discussion could be better placed in Lla Dafern? [[User:Deiniol|Deiniol]] 15:09, 22 June 2006 (PDT)

== Edits?  ==

What are you doing, Jan....? [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 08:21, 28 June 2006 (PDT)

:I accidentally noticed that a few IF templates I had created half a year ago are suddenly working. So I decided to remove a number of sandbox-like template I had created for testing them, and implement it in the Proposal template in order not to lose the result. This change is completely invisible on the pages that use it. It's merely a technical thing. &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 08:26, 28 June 2006 (PDT)

[[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] &lt;-- Sleep deprived and cranky.

== News! ==

Just a tad bit of news, eh?  I'll be sending you the updated version of my Nanowrimo book in the near future.  I've expanded a bit about Bournan, used your great suggestions, and I can't wait for your reaction.

Cheers! [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]]

:Another version yet? Cool, I look out for it! :) Cheers, &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 07:26, 26 July 2006 (PDT)

::More the updated version. ;)  Have you changed Wenedyk since you gave me the snippets of text?  You'll want to check that.  I'm really excited about it, I must say! [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 08:47, 26 July 2006 (PDT)

== Zowan's Page ==

Will you check my translation of Inicjaciwa Czywila?  Well, I guess, will you take a look at how good I am at intuiting things?  I didn't see the translation at the bottom of the WW page until after I posted this. [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]]

== Father of SNOR? ==

Jan, what do you think about '''[[Wikipedia:Nikolay Yakovlevich Danilevsky|Nikolay Yakovlevich Danilevsky]]''' as a predecessor, or even a father of [[SNOR]]?  He apparently was one of the major proponents of Pan-Slavism when the idea was being born.  Your feedback is appreciated. [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 07:33, 25 October 2006 (PDT)

:Acknowledging that my feedback is coming pretty late, I fully agree. Given the hundreds of parallels between *here*'s communism (and fascism) and *there*'s snorism, I wouldn't at all be surprised if a personality cult emerged around this fellow. A bit like Marx *here*. I already can see him on flags, along with Kolchak and Vissarionov! &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 01:54, 3 August 2007 (PDT)

::I figured it would come at some point, and I would wait patiently until you were able to comment on it.  Feel free to run with the idea; I found him randomly on Wikipedia one day, and thought you might like him, as you are the Czar of the East (of sorts).  [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 16:35, 3 August 2007 (PDT)

== Addition to SNOR page ==
Hey Jan, I have added some stuff on the SNOR page (neo-snorism &amp; origin of the emblem), if you could have a look when you can. --[[User:Marc pasquin|Marc Pasquin]] 18:59, 16 January 2007 (PST)

==Gambia==
Have you given any more thought to my proposal for the flag of gambia ? [[Image_talk:Flag_gambia.png]] 
I just want to know which one to put on FOIB 2.0 --[[User:Marc pasquin|Marc Pasquin]] 10:12, 6 May 2007 (PDT)

:I'll answer to this on the Gambia talk page. &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 02:02, 3 August 2007 (PDT)

== Dzhugashvili? ==

What do you think of the [[Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili]] proposal?  It is almost a year old, methinks.  [[User:Zahir|Zahir]] 09:23, 25 May 2007 (PDT)
:Very much ok! I've deproposed it. &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 02:17, 3 August 2007 (PDT)

==civilian SNORist ?==
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Hundreds
:Hey!  I like this Marc!  how did you stumble across it? [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 16:55, 18 July 2007 (PDT)
:: looking for things in relation to one of my althistories. --[[User:Marc pasquin|Marc Pasquin]] 22:49, 18 July 2007 (PDT)

Great stuff. And useful, too! I think that the Black Hundreds may have been one of the SNOR's major powerbases. Perhaps they were even the base for the SNOR itself? Food for thought! &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 02:19, 3 August 2007 (PDT)

== private question ;) ==

have you received my email written to wenedyk@yahoo.co.uk? [[User:Jan II.|Jan II.]] 02:35, 11 August 2007 (PDT)

:I don't look in that mailbox too often. I'll have a look! Cheers, &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 03:08, 11 August 2007 (PDT)

==Categorizing==

Thank you for categorizing this wiki, it surely needs greater order :-) . However, perhaps you shouldn't add proposals or former proposals of the flags in the same categories as adopted flags as it would be unclear which flags are &quot;real&quot; and which ones are not when browsing these categories. Pehaps categories like &quot;Proposed flags&quot; and &quot;Rejercted proposals for flags&quot; or such categories for every continent would do? [[User:Abdul-aziz|Abdul-aziz]] 05:10, 9 September 2007 (PDT)

:Yes, I actually thought of that too. It would also have another advantage: that from among the rejected proposals someone might sometimes pick a flag for other use. Although, I also think it wouldn't be a bad idea to get rid of a lot of rejected stuff. BTW, in some cases it is not always clear which flag has been finally adopted. Also, I noticed that there are a lot of flags that are only linked to from talk pages. Right now I'm only categorising uncategorised images. 
:How about a category [[:Category:Rejected Flag Proposals]]? &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 05:16, 9 September 2007 (PDT)
::Already done! &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 05:34, 9 September 2007 (PDT)

::: You've been a bloody buzy bee of late! Good work, mate! [[User:Elemtilas|Elemtilas]] 15:38, 9 September 2007 (PDT)

::::Great work, Jan! This way Ibwiki images get much more organised.--[[User:Pedromoderno|Pedromoderno]] 17:50, 9 September 2007 (PDT)

Kudos to you and your efforts sir!  Bo?  Shouldn't some kind of Title be granted such good works?  [[User:Zahir|Zahir]] 05:48, 10 September 2007 (PDT)
::Indeed, indeed.  &quot;With great pomp he has been awarded the title of '''''Syndicatus''''' for his extensive categorization efforts on our wiki.&quot; [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 17:35, 10 September 2007 (PDT)

:::Thank y'all! Yes, when a few days ago I look at the list of non-categorised images, I saw there are almost a thousand of them. Categorising them is perhaps not the most important thing to do; yet I feel it can be helpful if they are categorised properly. I also stumbled upon many images that never made it anywhere else than to Lla Dafern or some talk page. In other words, they were not rejected but rather forgotten as proposals. Placing them in the right category will make them turn up automatically when it comes to a discussion. 
:::I'm a bit wondering what we should do with [[:Category:Rejected Flag Proposals|rejected flag proposals]].,, When the current flag came in iterations, I think we can safely delete proposals that are similar but slightly different, like f.ex. the flags of SLOBist Ukraine or the flags of Kemr. But in some cases I think we should preserve them, as they always may come in handy later.
:::And now, back to work! ;) &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 00:11, 11 September 2007 (PDT)

==Correct ukrainian flag==
[[Image:SLOB-mpa.png|thumb|]]
I thought you had chosen this one for ukraine during the slobist era. Thats the one I had used on the flag site.--[[User:Marc pasquin|Marc Pasquin]] 23:29, 9 September 2007 (PDT)
:You're completely right, Marc, my mistake. I'll correct it! &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 23:38, 9 September 2007 (PDT)

== Removed Polit Party Cat? ==

Jan, just curious, are you restructuring that?  I'm not angry, don't care either way, just wondering why you removed the category from [[Front National (Louisianne)]]. [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 17:47, 14 September 2007 (PDT)

:I stumbled upon that by looking at [[special:Wantedcategories]], the list of non-existing categories. If you write an article and place it in [[:category:Averagely prolific copywriters from Southeast Nepal]], then it appears on that list, because there is no such category. First I thought about creating the category (as I did in the case of [[:category:Skuodia]]), but this was the only Louisiannan political party that had an article about it. As I really don't see the point of having a category with only one article in it, I thought [[:category:Louisianne]] and [[:category:Political Parties]] would do. But of course, if you disagree with that decision, feel free to revert! Cheers, &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 01:17, 15 September 2007 (PDT)

::No problem with it, just curious. [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 17:04, 15 September 2007 (PDT)

==Luxemburger maps==
Just a question about your earlier maps of Luxemburg.  http://steen.free.fr/ib/maps/bataafs_koninkrijk.png is one of your earlier ones, and the thickness of the lines does indeed imply that part of Lux is in some way a part of France, and the other a part of the HRE.  What did you have in mind for the place?  I don't want all of my recent musings on the subject to be in violation of QSS.  [[User:Benkarnell|Benkarnell]] 12:28, 5 February 2008 (PST)

:To tell you the truth, I'm not even sure myself. Luxemburg was on that map rather accidentally. I think I followed the assumption that half of Luxemburg was part of the HRE, but I don't even recall what about the other half. All in all, I think that was a typical example of QAA. Don't treat it too seriously. You new map of Luxemburg, where all of it is part of the HRE, is QSS, as far as I'm concerned. And forget about that old map! :)
:Cheers, &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 01:19, 6 February 2008 (PST)
::QSS for present status, yes.   Make sure you adjust [[Template:FranceAdmin]]. [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 13:01, 6 February 2008 (PST)

== motivations for phenomena in vozgian ==

hi jan, you wouldn't believe (well, you would), but i am currently in next re-iteration of nassian. it was targeted by heavy critics by some fenno-ugric authority. as i have accepted his (friendly) comments, i am planning to make adjustments to nassian. along with that, i need to come out with the new prehistory of nassians and thus also vozgians. my question is, can you send me on my email any motivations you have for vozgian-specific grammatical phenomena (e.g. why exactly this kind of case system, why exactly these sounds)? among such exact motivations i accept simple &quot;i like it&quot;, but then i am worry if we can come out with coherent origin of our north slavic langs :) muchas gracias [[User:Jan II.|Jan II.]] 01:57, 12 March 2008 (PDT)

== Willem III of the Batavian Kingdom ==

You probably missed it when I wrote biographies of all the monarchs of Luxemburg.  That list treads on your territory during the reign of [[Willem III]] of the Batavian Kingdom, whose page you should probably check for errors as you see them.  [[User:Benkarnell|Benkarnell]] 21:20, 26 January 2009 (UTC)
:It looks okay to me. The only smallish issue I might have is that monarchs in the Batavian Kingdom have French names: Guillaume instead of Willem, Guillemine instead of Wilhelmina, Béatrice instead of Beatrix, etc. But that won't make the slightest difference for the story itself. BTW, this idea comes from Christophe and dates back to... hm, I think 2000 or 2001. &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 11:46, 27 January 2009 (UTC)

::Such an early bit of linguistic QSS is very important.  I've made the changes.  I'm guessing this goes back to Napoleon, since the Batavian Kingdom was more-or-less constituted by him? [[User:Benkarnell|Benkarnell]] 17:01, 27 January 2009 (UTC)
:::It's all somewhere on Conculture, or even on Conlang. I know for sure it goes back to Napoleon. Instead of a restoration in 1815, it's rather a case of continuation. But I have to admit that I don't remember the details: either the whole d'Orange family descends from one of the Napoleons, and it's just the names that are the same, or it's basically the same family, only more francised. &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 17:32, 27 January 2009 (UTC)

== Your American Relatives ==

I just answered an e-mail from a customer here at work whose last name was Van Steenberg.  American cousins, maybe?  Thought it was interesting, and thought of you. [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 15:28, 28 July 2009 (UTC)

:Hehe, no Dan, as far as I know I don't have any family thereabouts. In fact, the only surviving members of my family carrying my name are my brother and I, and my children. My grandfather was the only child of his father, and my father was his only child. My great-grandfather had a brother, who only had a daughter. In other words, if I have any relatives of the same name, it should go back really, really far... Cheers, &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 11:35, 29 July 2009 (UTC)

:: Not a common name hereabouts. There are several van Steenbergens within about 200 mile radius of here. First names indicate that they've been Americanised for some time, one has a Dutch sounding name. By the way, nice new picture! I like the style of shirt -- is it traditional Polish? It's rather reminiscent of my wedding shirt, a traditional Philippine shirt. [[User:Elemtilas|Elemtilas]] 13:51, 29 July 2009 (UTC)

:::No, it has nothing whatsoever to do with Poland. It's a traditional Indian wedding sherwani, so any similarity with its Philippine equivalent might be more than just coincidental. A thing like that is pretty uncommon in Poland, except that Bollywood movies are nowhere as popular as in Poland. Wouldn't you have a picture of yourself in your Philippine shirt, BTW? &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 17:46, 29 July 2009 (UTC)</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bush</title>
    <id>912</id>
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      <id>57537</id>
      <timestamp>2009-02-20T20:40:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* George (Jorge) Walker Bush */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Bush coa2.png|thumb|Bush family coat of arms]]

The '''Bush Family''' can trace its roots to the Mayflower in the Americas, but until the late 1800's were simply one of the New England gentry.  It was under the watchful control of the Robert Bush that the family rose to the fore, and it was his son, Prescott Samuel Bush (named after Robert Bush's brother who had died in childhood of diptheria) who would guide the Bush family fortunes to such a point as to enable George H. Bush, his son to lead one of the most politically active families in Western society.

The Bush family coat of arms can be seen on the ancestral home at Point Walker, [[Massachussets Bay]], named for the Walkers, another wealthy branch of the Bush family tree.  Its description is as follows: Quartered; first and fourth Or, a cranberry sprig fructed gules of leaves vert [Bush]; second and third azure two bars wavy Or, three bezants in chief [Walker].  The crest is a New England goose, with the punning motto ''In manibus avis'', &quot;a bird in the hand&quot;.

== The Bush Children ==

George H. Bush, an American transport and oil baron from Massacheusetts married Barbara Preston of New Castreleon. They have six children, the elder two, George and James, were born in Tejas while the younger four were born in Massacheusetts where the Bushes maintain a homeplace.

== George (Jorge) Walker Bush ==
[[Image:Jorge bush.jpg|thumb|Jorge Bush]]
[[Tejas]] has had a storied and checkered past history. After colonial times, it was variously a kingdom, military dictatorship and democratic republic. After the depression of the 50s (once GWII ended, Tejas failed to change its industry and persue suitable postwar endeavours), Tejas sank into civil turmoil from which emerged several short lived military junta dictatorships.

During GWII, a part of the Bush family, who were famous in the [[NAL-SLC|NAL]] as developers of oil and helium reserves around the world, migrated to Tejas in order to establish natural resources firms in that country. Tejas having a share of both oil and helium, it naturally interested the Bushes and so, like the Oncelers, they sent off a contingent to see what could be done with Tejas. Being wealthy, they naturally had connexions and emigrated with an entourage of loyal associates. Throughout the 60s and 70s, the elder George (Jorge) Bush was very much involved in the evolution of Tejas in those decades.

In 1988, the younger Bush, a major or colonel in the Army, rather burst on the scene and staged a military coup. At first the elder Bush was dismayed (in his memoirs, he stated that such a move &quot;wouldn't be prudent&quot; as the political state of Tejas was &quot;such a greasy mess&quot;). Several months of topsy-turviness were actually quite skillfully navigated by the younger Bush.

At first, his rule was firm but fair (typical benign dictator). As he turned Tejas into a fairly successful country, his own appetites became more expensive and expansive. His motives soon became less than noble as troubles began to brew anew with [[Alta California]]. He found himself ever on the brink of war and had to gear his economy towards that sector, to the ultimate detriment of the country.

One thing led to another and soon enough any civil liberties left to the people were entirely removed and the whole country was prepared for the Big War with A-C. But as history demonstrated, Tejas couldn't afford both the War and Bush's tastes in fine art and similar.

In 2000, Bush senior became fed up with the state of affairs in Tejas and pulled out of the country. This left quite a ding in the production capacity of the remaining industry and is undoubtedly a contributing factor to Tejas's downward spiral vis-a-vis A-C. Jorge was captured and later executed by a military court in Méjico (2004). Her Majesty the Queen of Tejas is courting the elder Bush to once again enter Tejas and invigorate the country's industrial capacity. As of late 2004, these talks are progressing apace and it seems likely that Bush's energies will once again focus on Tejas.

For additional detail, see ''[[Jorge Bush]]''

== James (Jaime) E. Bush ==

Jaime's story is also quite interesting. He left [[Tejas]] for [[Florida-Caribbea|Florida]] to seek his fortune in business there. Curiously, his connections led to a run for the House and then the Cortes. He discovered that politics was his true calling and ran on a reform ticket in 2000 after the death of Villa-Lobos, but lost to the popular Andersen-Matamoros. The latter, who was simply filling out Villa-Lobos's term originally scheduled to end in 2002; she dropped the ball however in failing to solidify Florida's position as hegemon and Top Nation of the region. Bush ran again on a pro Florida (Destino Castellano) platform, but was still a reformer at heart. Though a &quot;foreigner&quot; he had become more Antilean than any native Antilean and also actually beleived in the rightness of Florida's place in the world and the means needed to achieve that place.

History has demonstrated fairly clearly that he can conduct his nation's affairs with both steel and soft velveteen gloves. When it comes to Floridian integrity and place, he will not back away and will fight to the last. However, he is a serious reformer in a corrupt land, and has shown to be quite pro-Cruzans at almost every turn.

Unfortunately, in the opinion of many especially northern Floridians, Jaime was deposed in a coup by General Silva and has disappeared and is presumed dead. As of November 2004, a leak reported that Jaime Bush was captured by American forces and is located at a secure installation within the NAL. Other rumours include Bush being held by the Oregonians pending trial. In late 2004, it was discovered that Bush often used well trained &quot;body doubles&quot; to appear in certain tight spots, public appearances where it would be imprudent to send the real Presidente. American papers are claiming that Oregon has a body double, but are clamouring for some kind of report from the GM's office. The American government remain alarmingly close lipped about the status of Mr Bush, but continue to quietly claim that he is secured within the NAL. Rumours abound in the streets of Philadelphia that the Minister of Defense himself will soon travel to Oregon to negotiate the extradiction or release of the Mr Bush held in that country.

In 2005, it was recognised that Oregon had indeed secured the real Mr Bush. Negotiations regarding his testimony before the American parliament were hampered for many moths as lawyers on both sides of the Western Mountains wrangled over various issues including what country or countries Mr Bush is actually a citizen of. The issues were settled well enough in 2006 for Mr Bush to travel to Philadelphia to testify before the Convention. His testimony, mostly surrounding the [[Watergap Scandal]] and several other issues surrounding his presidency of [[Florida-Caribbea]] and the war that brought that country to an end, was given in a closed session and the results were published in December of 2007.

In 2006 it was revealed that the [[RTC]] claim to have the real Bush, however they have not yet presented any evidence to support this claim.

In 2007, the NAL and Oregon agreed to a concord that recognises Mr Bush's citizenship in both countries; Mr Bush is set to be tried in Oregon for misconduct during the [[Florida War]]. He is set to return to Oregon in December of 2007 or early January of 2008.

== Nelson M. Bush ==

Having been involved in several investment banking corporations since the 1980s, chief of which was the famous Silver Acres Loan Association scandal, Nelson Bush has turned his attentions to the overseas investment market. His firm was involved in recent Japanese and Hong Kong investments in Louisianne; and has also played a key role in gaining Australasian investment in Japan and Corea. Currently is seeking investors to provide capital to fledgeling Tejan manufacturing and transport firms. Resides in Hong Kong.

== Marlon P. Bush ==

An American media and computer networking executive. Resides in Virginia.

== Roberta Bush ==

Died in infancy.

== Darlene Bush-Cockburn ==

Mrs Bush-Cockburn is an advocate for the disabled and is keenly interested in projects dealing with the education of the disabled and mentally challenged. Resides in Ter Mair.

[PB]

[[Category:People]]
[[Category:World Leaders]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Otto von Bismarck</title>
    <id>913</id>
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      <id>32853</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-06T11:06:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Otto von Bismarck''' (b. April 1, 1815), a Prince and Duke of Lauenburg was one of the most noteable leaders of the 19th century.  He served as Prime Minister of the [[Kingdom of Prussia]] from 1862-1890, worked with [[Kaiser Wilhelm II]] to unify the [[Germany|Holy Roman Empire]] prior to the [[First Great War]], a series of successful wars and finally the first Chancellor of the Holy Roman Empire.  He died July 30, 1898.

As he began his life, von Bismarck was aristocratic, a monarchist, a [[Junker]] politician and deeply conservative.  He strove against the rising tide of social democracy in the 1880's by instituting mandatory old-age pensions, outlawing several groups and organizations and giving health and accident insurance for workers.  He gradually became known as the Iron Chancellor, and is often considered by historians as one of the most important German historical figures.

==== Early life and rise to power ====

Born in Schönhausen as Otto Eduard Leopold Graf (Count) von Bismarck, he went on after primary education to study law in both Berlin and Göttingen.  In 1847 he married Johanna von Puttkamer and from this long and happy marriage three children were born.

Following the failed revolution of 1848, Bismarck was elected to the Prussian parliament.  Appointed to represent Prussia in the Diet in Frankfurt, Bismarck grew more and more convinced that a Prussian-led German nation or confederation was an important goal, the which was esteemed a quite liberal stance.  After serving for some time in the &lt;i&gt;Diet&lt;/i&gt;, he was assigned as an ambassador to St. Petersburg where he befriended his future antagonist, Russian Prince Gorchakov.  He then served as an ambassador in Paris.  

After his years of service, he was recognized by [[King Wilhelm I]], and appointed Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of Prussia to assuage a growing conflict between the liberal parliament and the king.

==== The first unification of Germany ====

Raging debate continues to this day about Bismarck and the extent of his responsibility for the unification of Germany under Prussian Hegemony prior to the First Great War.  Some would argue that what happened was not a unification, but merely an expansion of the Kingdom of Prussia.  Arguments aside, the only conclusive proof that we can draw is that Bismarck is at least in part responsible for starting several wars which paved the way for the dramatic restructuring of the political arena in the Holy Roman Empire.  What is certain however, is that Bismarck was partly responsible for the initiation of several wars which lead to dramatic changes in the political structure of Germany.

First, the [[Second Schleswig-Holstein War]] broke out in 1864 between Prussia and the Scandinavian Realm when, in cooperation with Austria, Prussia tried to annex [[Schleswig-Holstein]].  Prussia and Austria failed. They were only able to wrestle the City of Lybeck from the Scandinavian Realm, which they then ruled jointly.  Despite Bismarck's initial failure in Schleswig-Holstein, he managed in 1865 to bring Hannover, Hessen-Kassel, Nassau and Frankfurt under the thrall of Prussia.  He avoided provoking the Scandinavian Realm ever again by leaving Oldenburg and Schlewig-Holstein alone, as well as leaving Mecklenburg as an independent buffer state between the Scandinavian Realm and Prussia.

In 1866, Austria and Prussia quarelled over the way the City of Lybeck was being governed.  The [[Austro-Prussian War]] broke out.  Within six weeks, the Prussian army was everywhere victorious. Austria and Prussia signed the Treaty of Prague.  Under the treaty, a North German Confederation was set up under Prussian leadership, the City of Lybeck was annexed, and Prussia agreed to leave the Catholic German states alone under the leadership of the Holy Roman Empire, which was at the time under Austrian leadership.

After Bismarck provoked [[France]], ruled at this time by Napoleon III, the [[Franco-Prussian War]] broke out in 1870 and the southern German states (except Austria), viewing France as the aggressor, allied themselves with the North German Confederation. France suffered a humiliating defeat in 1871.

In the Galerie des Glaces (Spiegelsaal) in Versailles, which served as the headquarters of the Prussian army, Bismarck gathered the Electors to discuss the Landsfried on January 18, 1871. Austria's idleness during the war was enough for Bismarck to convince the Electors of the HRE to vote Franz Josef I of Austria (the current German Emperor) down and elect Wilhelm I as the new Emperor, and to implement the &lt;i&gt;Außchluß&lt;/i&gt; (the Holy Roman Empire at the exclusion of Austria). Many of the German states were in fact tired of Austria's long existing influence in Empirial politics. Bismarck thus largely created the Prussian-led 1871 Holy Roman Empire, at the exclusion of Austria.

==== The Chancellor ====

Touted as a hero to the Empire, Bismarck was quickly made &lt;i&gt;Reichskanzler&lt;/i&gt; (Chancellor). As such, he strove for peace among the leaders of Europe, which were at the time [[Austria]], [[Russia]], France, and the Holy Roman Empire.  Bismarck firmly believed that the central location of Germany would bring devastation in the event of any war.

On the home front, he was concerned with the emergence of the Catholic Centre Party and the Social Democratic Party.  He initiated a campaign against [[catholicism]], called &lt;i&gt;Kulturkampf&lt;/i&gt;, which ended largely in failure.  His attacks on the Social Democrats were two-fold: first, the party and organizations affiliated with it were made illegal, and secondly, he worked to appease the working class, the power base of the Social Democrats.  Some of the actions to appease the workers was very progressive legislation that guaranteed accident and health insurance and old-age pensions.

Much to his dismay, the Catholic Centre and Social Democrats both made significant gains.  [[Kaiser Wilhelm II]] insisted that Bismarck resign, and he relented.  Wilhelm II had risen to the throne two years earlier and was often in disagreement with the Chancellor.  In his last years Bismarck gathered his memoirs, &lt;i&gt;Gedanken und Erinnerungen&lt;/i&gt;, &quot;Thoughts and Memories&quot;.  He died in his 84th year in 1898 in Friedrichruh and was buried in the family mausoleuum.

In his honour, Kongelige Skandinaviske Marine (Royal Scandinavian Navy) ships serving as Kriegsmarine ships were named after him, as were several streets and schools in other parts of Germany.

[[Category:World Leaders|Von Bismark]]
[[Category:Holy Roman Empire|Von Bismark]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kaiser Wilhelm II</title>
    <id>914</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Zahir</username>
        <id>35</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>changed coding at bottom</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Kaiserwilhelm2.jpg|thumb|Kaiser Wilhelm II]]
Born January 27, 1859, Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert von Hohenzollern, Wilhelm II of [[Prussia]] and [[Germany|German]] Kaiser has had great influence on world events of the past century.  From the start of his military career until his death on June 4th 1941, he dramatically shaped European history.

Born to Crown Prince Friedrich and his wife, the English Princess Victoria, he was related closely to Tsar Nicholas II of [[Russia]].  Born breech, his delivery was traumatic and left him with a useless left arm.  This disfigurement was a source of embarassment to him and he often tried to conceal.

Some medical authorities suggest that he may have had brain trauma due to this damaging birth.  Historians are divided on whether this suggested trauma and resulting damage could have contributed to his tactics in war.  Wilhelm II was known to be tactless, bull-headed, aggressive and bullying to people and problems.  It was this attitude that brought him to dismiss [[Otto Von Bismarck]], a cautious voice that could have avoided some of the military and political blunders that Wilhelm II would later cause.

He was taught at Kassel at the Friedrichsgymnasium and later the University of Bonn.  His grandfather, [[King Wilhelm I|Wilhelm I]] died on March 9 1888, with his father, crowned as Friedrich III but died of throat cancer shortly thereafter and in June, Wilhelm II was crowned Emperor

Wilhelm II pursued a bellicose foreign policy, wanting to assert German power and influence.  He wanted a navy that could contend with the [[Federated Kingdoms]].  However, only Oldenburg and Holstein, two Scandinavian states that were vassals of the German Empire, were capable of building Wilhelm II's navy. Through the Tirpitz plan and the Naval Bills of 1897 and 1900 the Scandinavian navy was built up to contend with the [[Federated Kingdoms]].  He alternated between pleasing and annoying the other great powers like [[France]], Russia and the Federated Kingdoms. He fought against them to expand German colonial holdings, in an attempt to gain &quot;a place in the sun,&quot; or &lt;i&gt;lebensraum&lt;/i&gt;.

After the dismissal of Bismarck in 1890, a succession of Chancellors followed.  Leo Graf von Caprivi (1890), Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1894), Prince Bernhard von Bülow (1900), Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg (1909), and finally [[Adolf Hessler|Adolf von Hessler]](1926). All of these Chancellors, exempting Hessler, were merely senior civil servants and not politicians. Wilhelm had wanted to preclude the emergence of another Bismarck, but after the defeat of the First Great War he turned to Hessler, a man who could fill the shoes that Bismarck's successors hadn't.

Although his policies were bellicose, it is doubtful that Wilhelm II intended the First Great War.  It is more likely that he sought simply to bring [[France]] and others into cooperation with his whims.  He had allied with [[Austro-Dalmatia]] and often encouraged their manner of ruling the Balkan nations.  At the outbreak of the war he did initially falter, but rallied and did encourage his generals to great victories.  As the war continued, his popularity plunged and he lost control of German policy.  He forced the resignation of Bethmann-Hollweg and placed Hessler as the Chancellor, who managed to bring the war to a draw.

Wilhelm remained in Berlin, and began again plotting.  We know that he planned the [[Second Great War]], and is known for saying &quot;Look, boyos.  We nearly had Paris the last go-round, so what say you we give it the old college try once more, eh, what?&quot;.  He died in 1940 amid dubious circumstances, and while [[Wilhelm III]] ruled for a time, it became apparent that the throne had been usurped by the Chancellor himself.

Wilhelm was purported to have a sexual fetish for women with &quot;beautiful hands,&quot; and his propensity to pursue prostitutes whose hands suited him and then neglecting to pay them for services rendered created headaches for Herbert and Otto von Bismarck while the then Crown Prince was still under their collective wings. Wilhelm developed a penchant for archaeology during his vacations on [[Ançec]] during the first decade of the 20th Century, a passion he harbored even into his exile in Doorn. He also had a habit of sketching plans for grand buildings and battleships when he was bored, although experts in construction in both fields saw his ideas as grandiose and unworkable. One of Wilhelm's greatest passions was hunting, and he bagged thousands of animals, both beast and bird.


{{infobox office |
office = Holy Roman Emperor &lt;br&gt; 1888-1940
|
flag   = Deflag.gif |
predecessor = [[King Friedrich III|Kaiser Friedrich III]] |
successor   = ''[[Wilhelm III|Kaiser Wilhelm III]]''&lt;br&gt;
}}

---------------
&lt;i&gt;quoted and modified to fit [[Ill Bethisad]] from Wikipedia.org, the Free-Encyclopedia&lt;/i&gt;
[[Category:German monarchs|Wilhelm II]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wilhelm III</title>
    <id>915</id>
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      <timestamp>2008-10-05T02:28:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Benkarnell</username>
        <id>190</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>Claus --&gt; Ferdinand</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[Image:WilhelmIII.jpg|thumb|Wilhelm III]]

'''Wilhelm III''' of the [[Germany|Holy Roman Empire]] and [[Prussia]] (6 May 1882 - 20 July 1951), ''Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor August Ernst Kronprinz von Preussen'', was born 6 May 1882 at Marmorpalais, Potsdam, Prussia. He was the son of Wilhelm II of the Holy Roman Empire(1859-1941) and his wife Augusta of Schleswig-Holstein-Augustenburg (1858-1921). 

Around 1901-1906 he had a brief affair, which initiated a lifelong friendship, with opera singer Geraldine Farrar (1882-1967).

On 6 June 1905 at Berlin he married Duchess Cecilie of [[Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] (20 September 1886 - 6 May 1954), the daughter of Grand Duke Friedrich Franz III of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1851-1897) and his wife Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna of [[Russia]] (1860-1922).

Their children were:

:Wilhelm (1906-1974) aka [[Wilhelm IV]]
:Louis Ferdinand (1907-1994) 
:Hubertus (1909-1950) 
:Friedrich (1911-1966) 
:Alexandrine (1915-1980) 
:Cecilie (1917-1975) 

He was placed in charge of the Fifth Army during the [[First Great War]], and served with distinction.  [[Adolf Hessler|Adolf von Hessler]] used the marriage of Wilhelm with Mecklenburg-Schwerin to leverage the compliance of [[Mecklenburg]] in his push to unify the Holy Roman Empire prior to the [[Second Great War]].

Upon the death of his father in 1941 Wilhelm served as the token Kaiser for the rest of the war.  He was very much a figurehead in fact, if not theory, because Hessler commanded the government (especially the military) and enjoyed overwhelming popular support.  By 1949 this had changed, and Wilhelm became part of the cadre of top officers and officials who ousted Hessler, having him committed to a hospital for the mentally ill.  As part of the peace settlement, Wilhelm abdicated in favor of his eldest son, [[Wilhelm IV]].  He died 20 July 1951 at his family's home in Prussia of a heart attack.


{{infobox office |
office = Holy Roman Emperor &lt;br&gt; 1940-1949
|
flag   = Deflag.gif |
predecessor = [[Kaiser Wilhelm II]] |
successor   = [[Ferdinand VI]]&lt;br&gt;
}}
{{infobox office |
office = King of Prussia &lt;br&gt; 1940-1949
|
flag   = Prussianflag.gif |
predecessor = [[Kaiser Wilhelm II]] &lt;br&gt;
Holy Roman Emperor |
successor   = ''[[Wilhelm IV]]''&lt;br&gt;
}}

[[Category:German monarchs]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>King Wilhelm I</title>
    <id>916</id>
    <revision>
      <id>46787</id>
      <timestamp>2007-08-27T09:09:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Deprop, remove link to List of Prussian Kings</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Born Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig on March 22, 1797, '''King Wilhelm I''', king of [[Prussia]] from 1861 and [[Germany|German]] Kaiser from 1871 until his death on March 9, 1888.

==== Early Life and Military Career ====

Being the second child of King Friedrich Wilhelm III, Wilhelm didn't expect to ever ascend to the throne and was given very little formal education.  He began serving in the army in 1814, fought against [[Napoleon]], and by reports was very brave in battle.  He developed his diplomatic skills, serving diplomatic missions from 1815 onward.  In 1848 an uprising threatened his brother, King Friedrich Wilhelm IV, which Wilhelm successfully crushed.

==== Prince Regent ====

Sadly, in 1857 Friedrich Wilhelm IV fell to a stroke that left him permanently mentally disabled.  In January of 1858, Wilhelm became the Prince Regent to rule in the stead of his now ailing brother.

==== King and Kaiser ====

Three years later, on January 2, 1861 Friedrich Wilhelm died and Wilhelm was quickly elevated to the throne as King Wilhelm I of Prussia.  With office came the already seething conflict between the King and the liberal parliament.  Most considered Wilhelm I to be more politically neutral than his brother.  Despite this general view, Wilhelm found a decidedly conservative solution to the problem, and appointed [[Otto Von Bismarck]] as Prime Minister.  Because of the wording of the Prussian constitution, the Prime Minister didn't report to the Parliament, but rather directly to the King.  It is said that Bismarck often viewed his much-enjoyed work relationship with Wilhelm I as a vassal to his feudal superior. Despite this sense of feudalism, Bismarck was directly charged with politcs, both within and without Prussia.  There were several occasions where Bismarck forced Wilhelm I's cooperation by threatening resignation from his position.

Following the [[Franco-Prussian War]] King Wilhelm I was crowned the Emperor of Holy Roman Emperor. Chancellor Bismarck had Germany beneath his feet. Victorious Prussia assemblied Electors to discuss
the Landsfried and on this meeting accused Franz Josef von Habsburg-Lotringen that he was not able to keep it up till yet and King of Prussia, Wilhelm, is able to do that. Especially in the moment when ''Eisener Otto'' unified all but one Elector into a single more centralised Reich. Bohemian vote was mute, so the majority went for Wilhelm. Austria and its allies in HRE was defeated. Then, in the Palace of Versailles, Wilhelm was crowned on January 18, 1871. He began serving as the Emperor, the head of state and president, or &lt;i&gt;primus inter pares&lt;/i&gt; of the allied Kings, Grand Dukes, Barons and senates. Accepting the title of HRE Emperor, Wilhelm I would have rather been the Emperor of Germany, but this would have sparked revolt from the other members of HRE.  

Bismarck makes note of Wilhelm in his memoirs and describes him as being subverted by 'female influences' but nonetheless a genuine Prussian officer, courteous, infallibly polite and old-fashioned.

{|align=center border=1 cellpadding=3 style=&quot;background:#eeeeee&quot;
|align=center width=30% rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;[[Friedrich Wilhelm IV]]
|align=center width=40% | [[Image:Prussianflag.gif|50px]]&lt;br&gt;King of '''[[Prussia]]'''
|align=center width=30% rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Succeeded by:&lt;br&gt;[[King Friedrich III|Kaiser Friedrich III]]
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; width=40%  | '''1861-1888'''
|}
{|align=center border=1 cellpadding=3 style=&quot;background:#eeeeee&quot;
|align=center width=30% rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Preceded by: &lt;br&gt; [[Franz Josef]]
|align=center width=40% | [[Image:Deflag.gif|50px]]&lt;br&gt;[[Holy Roman Emperors|Holy Roman Emperor]]
|align=center width=30% rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Succeeded by:&lt;br&gt;[[King Friedrich III|Kaiser Friedrich III]]
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; width=40%  | '''1871-1888'''
|}

[[Category:German monarchs|Wilhelm I]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Junker</title>
    <id>917</id>
    <revision>
      <id>19029</id>
      <timestamp>2005-11-14T10:16:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Junkers''' (pronounced YOON-kers) were the landed aristocracy of [[Prussia]] and Eastern Germany.  In some states, such as Prussia, this title still exists.

&quot;Junker&quot; in German means &quot;young lord&quot;, and is understood as country squire. The title also appears in Dutch (Jonkheer). As part of the nobility, many Junker families have particles such as &quot;von&quot; or &quot;zu&quot; before their family names. In the middle ages, a Junker was simply a lesser noble, often poor and politically insignificant. [[Martin Luther]] was given the cover name &quot;Junker Jörg&quot; while he lived in Wartburg Castle in 1521. A good number of poor Junkers took up careers as soldiers and mercenaries. Over the centuries, they rose from disreputable captains of mercenary cutthroats to influential commanders and landowners in the 19th century. The rest of the article refers to these &quot;modern&quot; Junkers.

Being the bulwark of the Hohenzollern Empire, the Junkers controlled the military, leading in political influence and social status, and owning immense Estates. Their political influence extended from the [[Germany|Holy Roman Empire]] under [[Otto von Bismarck]] through the [[Second Great War]]. It was said that Prussia ruled Germany, the Junkers ruled Prussia, and through it the Empire itself.

They dominated all the higher civil offices and officer corps of the Army and Navy. Supporting monarchism and military traditions, they were often reactionary and protectionist; they were often anti-liberal, siding with the conservative monarchist forces during the Revolution of 1848. Their political interests were served by the secular bench of the Council of Princes. This political class held tremendous power over the industrial classes and the government. When Chancellor Caprivi reduced the protective duties on imports of grain, these landed magnates demanded and obtained his dismissal; and in 1902, they brought about a restoration of such duties on foodstuffs as would keep prices of their own products at a high level.

The German statesman Otto von Bismarck was a noted Junker, as were chancellor Paul von Hindenburg and Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt, and even [[Adolf Hessler|Adolf von Hessler]].

The Beer Hall Putsch of 1923, staged by General Ludendorff (a member of an impoverished Junker family) was foiled by commander von Lossow (another Junker) of the local Reichswehr, and the Bavarian Prime Minister Gustav von Kahr. Von Kahr was later murdered in the Reichsmordwoche (the Blood Purge) of June 30, 1934. This series of events, as well as a few others, led non-Prussians to dislike Junkers in general.

===History of German Agrarian Development===

German agrarian development has been regional rather than national; that is to say, the ownership and use of land took a different trend in each of three main sections of the country. The southwest (including [[Bavaria]], [[Baden]], [[Wurttemberg|Württemberg]] and Rhenish Prussia) became like [[France]], a land of small holdings, and up to the [[First Great War]] it was the only part of the Empire in which it was possible to discover peasant political influence of any importance. The northwest (including Westphalia, Lower Saxony, and parts of Hanover) developed a system of medium-to-large holdings, yet with many peasant proprietorships. From Brandenburg eastward, however, — and especially in the Pruserania, — practically all of the land was long ago gathered into great estates, and most of the people were landless, wage-earning agricultural laborers. The landed aristocracy were called Junkers. (1)

=== References ===

* The Governments of Europe, Frederic Austin Ogg, MacMillan Company, 1922. pg 681. Copyright expired and free use of material granted by same company.
* On German agrarian history in the 19th century see Economic Development of Modern Europe, Frederic Austin Ogg, Chap ix (bibliography, pp. 210-211).

[[Category:Holy Roman Empire]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ash-Shams</title>
    <id>918</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31949</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-01T04:41:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Taliiq ibn Ash-Shams''' (طليق ابن الشمس) is the first ''lugal'' (head of state) of the Ecotopic Arab Republic of [[Al-Basra]].  Like many of his fellow revolutionaries, Taliiq ibn Ash-Shams adopted a new name during the struggle for Al-Basra's independence from [[Iraaq|‘Iraaq]] - his means &quot;Free, son of the Sun&quot;, and is an excellent example of the Nature- and [[Ecotopism|Ecotopic]]-themed names adopted by many Basris.  Others chose names based on ancient Sumerian history and mythology, or names of religio-historical figures important to Shi‘ite [[Islam]].

[[Category:World Leaders]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Government Types</title>
    <id>919</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32152</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-02T01:49:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kgaughan</username>
        <id>32</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[Ill Bethisad]] is known for odd government types, most notably the ever-pervasive condominium.  Here are a list of some types.

* [[Anarexo-Monarchism]]
* [[Communism]]
* [[The Condominium]]
* [[Ecotopism]]
* [[Kleptocracy]]
* [[Kenothronism]]
* [[Neocapitalism]]
* [[SNOR|SNORism]]
* [[Subsidiarism]]

The following articles explain in depth the governments of some countries:

* [[Louisianne Government]]
* [[SR Constitution]]
* [[Japanese Government]]
** [[Japanese Politics]]
* [[Government of Italy]]

Lastly, a group of listings, as well as pages that will give further insight into Ill Bethisad's political arena.

* [[Current Monarchs]] - current monarchs of the various kingdoms, empires, etc. of IB
* [[Succession]] - Orders of Succession of various monarchies in IB
* [[tinners-senate|Tinners Senate]] - originally a parliamentary body made up of tin mining concerns in the Province of [[Dunein]]
* [[Political Parties]]


[[Category:Government]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Condominium</title>
    <id>920</id>
    <revision>
      <id>58166</id>
      <timestamp>2009-03-09T21:31:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Benkarnell</username>
        <id>190</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Historical condominiums *there* */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">= The Condominium as a Political Unit =

The &lt;i&gt;condominium&lt;/i&gt;, which is a rare and unstable form of sovereignty *here*, is the norm, or at least part of the norm, in Ill Bethisad. It's quite common for alliances to group across each others' boundaries. 

A condominium, rather simply put, is an area of shared governance. Practically speaking, this means that an area is under the jurisdiction of two governing bodies. While sometimes a condominium springs up organically out of a new need for cooperative government; it is usually the case that two governing bodies approach the notion of forming a condominium and do so with careful planning and implementation. One such [[Rube Goldberg]] condominium that was more or less thrown together out of immediate need was the one at Tampa City in [[East Florida]]. The group of treaties and constitutions that make up a condominium spell out which governing body have jurisdiction over what, at which times and under predetermined circumstances. 

The true POD between IB and *here* I think is not any particular choice of historical actors, but the fact that in IB the virtues of strong stable alliances, coordinated in a variety of different ways (federations, committees of correspondence, weak but prestigious emperors, etc.) were discovered early and often and have become the dominant force in modern political life. The [[League of Ice]], to mention the more recent condominiums, incorporates polities that &quot;belong&quot; to [[Russia]], [[Scandinavian_Realm| Scandinavia]], the [[NAL-SLC| NAL]], and [[New_Francy|New Francy]]. In IB a smaller unit &quot;belongs&quot; to a bigger one not in the sense of being possessed, but in the sense that people &quot;belong&quot; to their clubs or other voluntary societies. 

=Type of Condominiums=

===Top Most Condominium===
The country is autonomous all internal aspect but the head of state (and probably head of ministries and government agency) needs to be accepted by both Mother Countries (MC). Alternatively, some from of elected parliement submit a list of candidate to both MC who chose one from among it.

Inhabitants have originaly only the citizenship of the condominium but are probably able to gain one of the MC's one more easily and/or can get a special type of visa to work and study in the MC.

This is probably best for buffer states. It doesn't cost anything to maintain (due to their autonomy) and the mandatory confirmation of head of state ensure that it wont be one that favour one MC over the other.

===Confederated Enclaves===
The condominium is divided into 2 or more enclaves. Each one is considered a part of one MC and its inhabitant have its citizenship. There is a central government with very limited powers (mostly things like ensuring the maintenance of roads, postal services, etc...). If there is a great number of enclaves psread all over the place, giving the land condominium status could have been the best way to avoid starting (or more probably, restarting) a war over borders. The confederation is probably not considered a distinct country by other governments and organisations (no olympic delegation or embassy for example).

===Partial Condominium===
Part of the country is controled by 2 or more MCs. the parts in question might be contiguous with an MC or might be inhabited by an ethnic group related to it. The central government is sovereign except is certain matters within those zones. These matters could be cultural (the curriculum on a zone being dictated by a given MC) or physical (no engineering work is allow in the zone without the MC permission).

This type of condominium (which is pretty much what jervaine would be *there*) could be a more forcefull type of &quot;top most condominium&quot; described above. Alternatively, it could be an occupied country on its way toward recovering autonomy: the government is sovereign over the country except for matters regarding the demilitarized zones near the MCs borders.

===True Condominium=== 
There is no central government but rather, decision are taken by concensus between the local representatives of the MCs. Various regions could be administered by unelected representative that answer to one MC (depending on the situation, military governor, company officials, etc...) or they may alternate governance between them.

If there is (or was) a native population, its right and obligations might vary from one region to another where they may or may not have some form of representative. MCs citizens might be &quot;above the law&quot; in regard to the native population but would still have to answer to his own government (there might be an agreement that citizens must be tried by there own MCs no matter where a crime was commited).

This is the most unstable of condominium (and historicaly real) and its probably safe to assume that few if any modern ones still exist on IB. 
= Examples of Condominiums *Here* =

As you might expect, the number of areas in condominium is in doubt, though 10 is a plausible upper bound. It is clear that the Moselle border between Germany and Luxembourg, running northward from the triple point with France, is under fully shared sovereignty. Similarly, there are various riverine islands between France and Spain that have shared sovereignty: on the Ile de la Conference, e.g., jurisdiction is Spanish for six months of the year and French for the rest, but each country claims the right to try its own nationals for offenses committed there at any season. 

There is a de facto condominium around the Honduras-El Salvador-Nicaragua triple point due to complex and confusing border disputes that the World Court has already tried to settle once, but new evidence keeps turning up. Iran claims that the Caspian Sea is not partitioned among the five countries surrounding it, but is in condominium; this claim is apparently resisted by the other four, but they don't agree on the boundaries either. 

In effect, all the existing condominium regions *here* are either under water, unoccupied or barely occupied islands, or else are de facto situations for which there is no better solution. There are also some places where jurisdiction is shared or even transferred (Guantanamo, for example) without the creation of a full condominium.

= The Condominium in *Here*'s History =

Historically, much larger places have been in condominium. Sudan, for example, used to be a condominium from 1899-1956 under joint British and Egyptian sovereignty. The now independent nation of Vanuatu was from 1906 until 1980 a British-French condominium.

Here's a description of the latter from www.vanuatutourism.com (errors silently corrected): 

&lt;i&gt;It was called the Condominium. In most circles it was soon to become known as Pandemonium and was probably the single most inappropriate form of rule any group of peoples had to live under.&lt;/i&gt; 

&lt;i&gt;The New Hebrides Condominium comprised of a joint court ruled over by a Spanish judge who spoke neither French nor English, a Dutch registrar and completely dual functioning bureaucracies. In real terms it meant passing through two sets of Customs on arrival, dealing with two law systems based on quite different principles, two jails (the French served wine), two hospitals, two....well, two of everything. It was grossly inefficient, incredibly costly in bureaucratic terms and totally ridiculous in the eyes of the world. Towards the end of its life, the NHC was effectively ruled by the heads of state of Britain and France, the British Queen and the French President. Issues were so confused that many ni-Vanuatu believed the two were married, but because of the varying ups and downs in the relationship, the pair lived apart, separated by the English Channel and a lot of arguing. This explained the conflicts and inconsistencies in the relationships -- or lack of same -- between the French Consuls and British High Commissioners, and in the tragicomedy of errors running the New Hebrides.&lt;/i&gt;

What differentiates the condominium regions of IB from those of OTL is the presence of substantial non-colonized native populations who have discovered that condominium is a good way to prevent either nation from stepping on local rights. In OTL, however, such areas tend to be neglected by both sides because they are seen as unstable and unimportant. 

There is a pressure towards unitary nation-states in OTL simply because there are already so many of them that becoming a nation-state oneself seems the appropriate path toward self-determination. In IB, the expectations are different: groups try to find appropriate organizations to belong to so that each can help protect them from imperialism on the part of the others. Wars unquestionably become more complicated, and harder to wage, because the web of treaties and national associations causes an aggressor to risk biting off more than he can chew.

= Condominium territories *there* =

*Akra - Between [[Gadangmeland]] (which is part of the [[Scandinavian Realm]]) and the [[Gold Coast]]
*Etosha International Reserve - between [[South Africa]] and [[Kongo|Dalmatian Kongo]]
*[[Lybæk]] - Between the [[Germany|Holy Roman Empire]] and the [[Scandinavian Realm]]
*[[Meidji-dò]] - between the Emperor of [[Japan]] and [[Alta California]]
*Moselle - Between [[France]] and [[Jervaine]]
*[[New Iceland]] - between the [[NAL-SLC|NAL]] and the [[Scandinavian Realm]]
*New Sweden - Between the [[NAL-SLC|NAL]] and the [[Scandinavian Realm]]
*[[Nittatò]] - Technically between [[Japan]] and Lanai of [[Kanawiki]], in practice a dependancy of Lanai, and nothing more
*[[Oldenborg]] - Between the [[Scandinavian Realm]] and the [[Germany| Holy Roman Empire]]
*[[Russo-Japanese_Condominium_Area]] - called alternately East Primorye and Outer Manchuria; between [[Ezo]] of the [[Japan|Japanese Empire]] and [[Primorye]] of the [[Russia|Russian Federation]]
*[[Schleswig-Holstein|Holstein]] - Between the [[Scandinavian Realm]] and the [[Germany|Holy Roman Empire]]
*Siovader - Between the [[Germany|Holy Roman Empire]] and [[Jervaine]]
*In [[East Florida]], the city of Tampa is in condominium between the [[NAL-SLC|NAL]] and [[Ireland]].
*Tenasserim - Between the [[Scandinavian Realm]] and the Siamese Kingdom

=Historical condominiums *there*=

*[[Nile Valley Condominium]] - between [[Ethiopia]] and the [[Republic of Egypt]], 1945-1946
*[[South Bank Condominium]] - between [[Ethiopia]] and the [[Free State of Kongo]], 1945-1947
*[[Vilnius Free City]] - between the Snorist [[Lithuania]] and Snorist [[Belarus]], 1947-1949
*[[West Sahara Condominium]] - between [[Ethiopia]] and the [[Sultanate of Mali]], 1945-1947
*[[Ouisconsin#Creve Coeur|Peoria]] - between [[Ouisconsin]] and [[Illinoise]] in the [[NAL-SLC]], 1840-1970

= Language Note =

&lt;i&gt;Condominium&lt;/i&gt;, as a word, comes in two varieties. One is the abstract noun meaning &quot;condition of shared sovereignty&quot; -- it takes neither definite article nor plural ending. Otherwise, when describing the regions that are in the &quot;condition of shared sovereignty&quot;, there is also a concrete noun which may take articles and a plural form.

[PB, JC]
----

[[Category:Government Types]]
[[Category:Condominium|*]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Louisianne Government</title>
    <id>921</id>
    <revision>
      <id>62910</id>
      <timestamp>2009-10-14T23:02:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Current National Assembly Membership */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[Louisianne]] is a largely decentralized Representative Republic.  There are three levels of government, '''The Council''' comprised of Prefects from each ''Prefecture'' and the ''Premier President'' who introduces and votes on national legislation and otherwise act as chief of government for their respective Prefecture, the '''Assemblée Nationale''' which serves as a ratifying body for legislation passed by the Council, but can also draft national legislation, pending approval from the Council.  The Prefectoral and Départemental parliaments handle affairs closer to home.

==The Council==

===History===
Following the [[Summer Revolution]] of 1832, [[Armand Beauvais]] in the period now viewed as the [[New Beginning]] was elected to be the Prime Minister.  As the Constitution was written at the time, it would have given Beauvais nearly despotic powers to rule, judge and control Louisianne.  Unsettled by the precedent this would set, Beauvais in 1834 worked with the prefects of the three extant Prefectures, [[Dupré Rousseau]] of [[Saint-Onge]], [[Daniel de Page]] of [[Saint-Louis (prefecture)|Saint-Louis]] and [[Aristide Thorez]] of the [[Osage|Osage Territory]] met in Baton Rouge to discuss a more equitable division of power.   Fresh in their minds were the failed attempts of the French mainland to negotiate a new government, and they sought to use the good of the past without the taint of Bonapartism.

With very little lobbying a new form of government was passed, decentralizing the government to a more local and accessible level, and by 1836, the new forms were in place, with the Beauvais as First President and the other prefects, Rousseau, de Page, Thorez and [[Bernard DuBloix]] from the newly created [[Préfecture du Nord]] fleshing out the council.

===Current Procedure===
The Council is presided over by the First President, popularly elected by the people of Louisianne. The Seven Presidents vote on legislation that is forwarded to them from the National Assembly, which is comprised of Senators elected by the prefectoral parliaments. A majority vote of the Council of 4 to 3 minimum is all that is required to pass a National Bill into law. It must be known, however, that most times of the year there is very little legislation passed directly by the Council. Most legislation takes place on the level of the Prefectures.

The Prefects and First President meet for three to six months in the Late Winter/Early Spring of the year to discuss, prepare and ratify national legislation. Otherwise, the Prefects are located in their prefectures and handle local events.

The Prefects are elected to an automatic term of seven years, each offset so that there is only one major election taking place each year, in theory. Each Prefect and the First President are subject to a vote of no-confidence.  Prefects and the First-President elections occasionally require primaries.  In the election of 2009 for the Prefecture of Saint-Louis, three candidates stood for election.  This resulted in a split of the vote, 52%, 23%, and 23%.  An emergency ruling of the Tribunal de la République announced that the two who tied would have to rerun a primary before the final election process in Messidor (late June).  This law was later codified as stating that any two candidates garnering less than 35% in a primary of three or more must re-run the primary, provided that there is one candidate who garnered more than 35%.  If any of the three (or more) candidates failed to gain a substantial minority (greater than 10% of votes) they were culled from the Primary.

The job of the First President is, as a popularly elected official, to answer directly to the people. The First President maintains a staff of nearly 750 secretaries and statisticians who collate the messages of the people into a cohesive whole so that the First President can truly vote the will of the people, or what he deems to be best for the people.

Should the First President die, be incapacitated, or resign from office, a popular election is held to immediately fill the remainder of the term. By precedent those who run for the position already hold a seat upon the Council.

Although the government is decentralized, it is established in such a way as to allow sweeping legislation from The Council to be passed to the nation at large, with a 2/3 majority of all parliamental representatives consent. The need for this has proven heretofore rare, however, it is not an uncommon occurrence once a decade.

===Current Council Membership===

[[Image:LouisianneCouncil.png|thumb|Graphic showing the current alignment of the Council.]]
The council is currently composed of 4 representatives from the Républicains Libres, 1 from the Luthériens Democratiques Populaires, and 2 from the Loi Naturelle.  They are as follows:

*First President: [[Marie-Claire Gildersleeve]]
*Saint-Onge: [[Marie Landrieu]]
*Nouvelle Gaulle: [[Benct Olaf Norbin]]
*Osage: [[Claire Miquasquille]]
*Saint-Louis: [[Hilary Rodham Claintaun]]
*Nouvelle Cournouaille: [[Johannes Yager]]
*Nouvelle Navarre: [[Nefi Ivarsson]]

Because of the current makeup of the Council, the Républicains Libres have an tenuous majority, with 3 seats, 4 including Mme. Claintaun often voting in agreement with the R.L. block.  Mme. Claintaun is likely to play more of a swing vote until the next prefectoral election, with M. Norbin, and Mmes. Landrieu and Miquasquille forming a 3-seat Loi Naturelle bloc.  However, with Mme. Miquasquille's centrist leanings, a new balance may be struck in the national legislation.

==Louisiannan Election Process==

The Louisiannan Election process is very similar to most democratic nations in the world.  Two to four candidates are chosen in primaries, or are simply the only candidates for election, and the primary process is bypassed.  After primaries, if any are held, the major candidates are scheduled in a general election.  If the winner of this election doesn't win by at least two-thirds majority over any other candidates, the top two candidates are moved to a final election, where they run against each other.  All candidates are chosen from currently elected officials to the local parliaments, who vote on the elected official.

Because of the oligarchic nature of the Louisiannan government, elections for each Prefecture are held once every seven years, with one election each year, and on the seventh year, elections for the First-President are held.

The rotation is as follows.  Election years are listed after each in italics.

# National First President Election ''1999, 2006, 2013''
# [[Saint-Onge]] ''2000, 2007, 2014''
# [[Nouvelle Gaulle]] ''2001, 2008, 2015''
# [[Osage]] ''2002, 2009, 2016''
# [[Saint-Louis (prefecture)|Saint-Louis]] ''2003, 2010, 2017''
# [[Nouvelle Cournouaille]] ''2004, 2011, 2018''
# [[Nouvelle Navarre]] ''2005, 2012, 2019''

Because [[Louisianne]] functions under the [[French Republican Calendar]], all elections are completed in the Gregorian month of July, and the elected prefect takes office on September 22 (or 23) of that same year, as September 22 (or 23) is the first day of the French Republican Calendar.

''See also [[Prefects of Louisianne]] and [[First Presidents of Louisianne]].''

==Prefectoral and Departmental Government==

The populace votes for local representatives who serve in the People's Houses of the Département and the Préfecture.  A second house in each prefectures is the House of Lords, composed mostly of those granted political appointment by ancestral nobility, or, more and more frequently, a political appointment by the prefectoral &lt;i&gt;Prefet&lt;/i&gt;, or Prefect which is approved by the People's House.

Together these Houses elect the Prefect who is the executive leader of the prefectures, subject to a [[Vote of No-Confidence|vote-of-no-confidence]].  The Prefect represents his or her respective prefectures on a national level in the Council.


==The National Assembly==

Created by Beauvais and his cadre of leaders, the National Assembly is elected by representative districts in the Prefectures and Departments, consisting of a static number of 449 seats, and are re-appropriated by population each 10 years, following the national census.

=== Current National Assembly Membership ===

Numbers in this graph are the number of seats held in the Louisiannan National Assembly, as of the ''jour d'investissement'' or Investiture Day, which takes place the 1e Brumaire, equating to the 23rd or 24th of October.  If asterisks are used, they are tentative election results, and not the actual seated numbers.

{| {{prettytable}} cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 width=450
|- bgcolor=#cccccc 
! Party !! L !! C !! R !!2001!!2002!!2003!!2004!!2005!!2006!!2007!!2008!!2009
|- bgcolor=purple
! colspan=&quot;13&quot; | &lt;font color=white&gt;Major Parties&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| '''[[Political_Parties_of_Louisianne#Free_Republicans_.28R.L..29|RL]]''' |{{r}}  |{{r}} X |{{r}}  |{{r}} 71 |{{r}} 108 |{{r}} 116 |{{r}} 132 |{{r}} 139 |{{r}} 162 |{{r}} 160 |{{r}} 150 |{{r}} 
|-
| '''[[Political_Parties_of_Louisianne#Luth.C3.A9riens_D.C3.A9mocratiques_Populaires_.28L.D.P..29|LDP]]''' |{{r}}  |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} 33 |{{r}} 43 |{{r}} 48 |{{r}} 59 |{{r}} 57 |{{r}} 87 |{{r}} 95 |{{r}} 89  |{{r}} 
|-
| '''[[Political_Parties_of_Louisianne#Loi_Naturelle|LN]]'''  |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}}  |{{r}} 61 |{{r}} 76 |{{r}} 82 |{{r}} 78 |{{r}} 79 |{{r}} 65 |{{r}} 66 |{{r}} 85  |{{r}} 
|-
| '''[[Political_Parties_of_Louisianne#Le_Parti_Ecotopique_.28PEco.29|PEco]]''' |{{r}} X |{{r}}  |{{r}}  |{{r}} 10 |{{r}} 15 |{{r}} 19 |{{r}} 18 |{{r}} 18 |{{r}} 60 |{{r}} 65 |{{r}} 75  |{{r}} 
|-
|- bgcolor=blue
! colspan=&quot;13&quot; | &lt;font color=white&gt;Minor Parties&lt;/font&gt;
|- bgcolor=green
! colspan=&quot;13&quot; | &lt;font color=white&gt;Margin Parties&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| '''[[Political_Parties_of_Louisianne#Front_National_.28FN.29|FN]]''' |{{r}}  |{{r}}  |{{r}} '''X''' |{{r}} 6 |{{r}} 9 |{{r}} 13 |{{r}} 18 |{{r}} 16 |{{r}} 18 |{{r}} 18 |{{r}} 15 |{{r}} 
|-
| '''[[Political_Parties_of_Louisianne#Populist_Party_.28PP.29|PP]]''' |{{r}}  |{{r}} X |{{r}} X |{{r}} 17 |{{r}} 19 |{{r}} 22 |{{r}} 18 |{{r}} 27 |{{r}} 27 |{{r}} 20 |{{r}} 16 |{{r}} 
|-
| '''[[Political_Parties_of_Louisianne#Action_Fran.C3.A7aise|AF]]''' |{{r}}  |{{r}}  |{{r}} '''X''' |{{r}} 23 |{{r}} 25 |{{r}} 29 |{{r}} 30 |{{r}} 25 |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} 
|-
| '''[[Political_Parties_of_Louisianne#Children of the Revolution|ER]]''' |{{r}}  |{{r}}  |{{r}} '''X''' |{{r}} - |{{r}} 2 |{{r}} 1 |{{r}} 3 |{{r}} 3 |{{r}} 7 |{{r}} 5  |{{r}} 2 |{{r}} 
|-
| '''[[Political_Parties_of_Louisianne#D.C3.A9mocratie_Lib.C3.A9rale_.28DL.29|DL]]''' |{{r}} '''X''' |{{r}}  |{{r}}  |{{r}} 1 |{{r}} 3 |{{r}} 2 |{{r}} 5 |{{r}} 6 |{{r}}  3 |{{r}}  3 |{{r}}  3 |{{r}} 
|-
| '''[[Political_Parties_of_Louisianne#Parti_R.C3.A9publicain_Libre_.28P.R.L..29|PRL]]''' |{{r}}  |{{r}} X |{{r}}  |{{r}} 77 |{{r}} 27 |{{r}} - |{{r}} 4 |{{r}} 3 |{{r}} 4 |{{r}} 4 |{{r}} 3 |{{r}} 
|-
| '''[[Political_Parties_of_Louisianne#People.27s_Voice_of_Louisianne_.28V.P.L..29|VPL]]''' |{{r}} '''X''' |{{r}}  |{{r}}  |{{r}} 140 |{{r}} 112 |{{r}} 104 |{{r}} 54 |{{r}} 29 |{{r}} 5 |{{r}} 4 |{{r}} 5 |{{r}} 
|-
| '''[[Political_Parties_of_Louisianne#L.C3.A9gislateurs_de_la_Moralit.C3.A9_Chr.C3.A9tienne_.28LMC.29|LMC]]''' |{{r}}  |{{r}}  |{{r}} '''X''' |{{r}} 3 |{{r}} 2 |{{r}} 3 |{{r}} 15 |{{r}} 35 |{{r}}  2 |{{r}}  1 |{{r}} - |{{r}} 
|-
| '''[[Political_Parties_of_Louisianne#Ligue_Communiste_R.C3.A9volutionnaire_.28LCR.29|LCR]]''' |{{r}} '''X''' |{{r}}  |{{r}}  |{{r}} 7 |{{r}} 8 |{{r}} 10 |{{r}} 15 |{{r}} 12 |{{r}} 9 |{{r}} 8  |{{r}} 6 |{{r}} 
|-
|-|}

&lt;!--
&lt;i&gt;[Daniel Hicken, thanks to be given to Nik Taylor for an inquisitive mind]&lt;/i&gt;
--&gt;
[[Category:Louisianne]]
[[Category:Government]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>SR Constitution</title>
    <id>922</id>
    <revision>
      <id>12004</id>
      <timestamp>2005-02-08T18:11:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''THE CONSTITUTION OF THE SCANDINAVIAN REALM'''

While each [[Scandinavian Realm|SR]] state has its own &quot;Statsminister&quot; (Statesminister, who is the local Head of Government), they all share the same Head of State - the Queen. On another level, each state also recognize the Chancellor of the SR as the Head of the multinational SR government, to which each state is freely associated with.

The SR government is only responsible for the &quot;Fællesanlæggene&quot; (the Common Affairs). This
includes Commonwealth's finance, defense, foreign affairs, church affairs, integration and civil liberties.

The legislative side is controlled by the &quot;Rigsråd&quot; (the &quot;Council of the Realm&quot;). Formally, it meets every other year, but actually has &quot;extraordinary&quot; meetings quite often. Normally, this is done in
Gjøteborg, but it can meet anywhere if the need arises. It can only pass laws when at least one-third of the members are present.

The Rigsråd is composed of a number of members from each associated state chosen by the Queen, a number of members from each associated state chosen by their respective parliaments, and a number of members
from each associated state elected directly by the people of their respective states. The affiliated states of New Sweden and New Iceland have observers in the Rigsråd with no voting rights. From among the
members of the Rigsråd, a President and two Vice-Presidents are elected, who directs the meetings according to established etiquette.

On the Executive side, there is the &quot;Gehejmekonseil&quot; (the &quot;Privy Council&quot;). This is composed of the Queen, the Chancellor, his ministers, and any Statsminister from associated states who happens to be
present. If the Queen is not present, then it is called the &quot;Kancelli&quot; (the &quot;Chancellery&quot;). The Chancellor is elected by the majority in the Rigsråd. The Chancellor chooses his ministers. Each minister heads a College controlling the Common Affairs of the Commonwealth. There's a College of the Exchequer (in charge of finance), a College of the Admiralty (in charge of naval defense), a College of State (in charge of foreign affairs), a College of the Church (for church affairs), a College of Integration (for ethnic integration), and a College of Rights (for civil liberties).

Unlike a President, who is elected by only a fraction of the population and hence only represents part of the population, the Queen represents all by virtue of her being the sovereign of the Scandinavia Realm. The Queen's purpose as Head of State is therefore to unite and represent all the citizens of the commonwealth. She can therefore not be political or take sides in politics. The Queen has absolutely no political powers. The Gehejmekonseil is in other words a sort of &quot;tea party&quot; where the Queen gets to meet the Chancellor and the different ministers, and where she can initiate any one of them as a member of the Order of the Dannebrog or the Order of the Olifont. The real executive government is the Kancelli. 

Each associated state has its own parliamentary system of government with its own system of ministries/colleges.


[[Category:Scandinavian Realm]]
[[Category:Government]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Japanese Government</title>
    <id>923</id>
    <revision>
      <id>61737</id>
      <timestamp>2009-09-01T03:29:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Benkarnell</username>
        <id>190</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* See Also */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">The present-day '''Third Constitution of the Empire of [[Japan]]''' went into effect Saisei 13, Gogaçu 4 (June 8, 1964).

==Division of powers ==

===Executive===
*The Emperor: Must be of the [[Japanese Imperial Family|Imperial House]] (articles 1 and 2).  Until Sasei 44 (1995), could only be male.  In that year, the law was revised to permit female [[Japanese Succession|sucession]].  Reigns until death or abdication.  The Emperor is considered a &quot;sacred and majestic being&quot; (article 3).  The Emperor is Head of the Empire (article 4), and excercises executive authority.  The Emperor's approval is needed for all laws and amendments.  The Emperor can issue Imperial ordinances in times of emergency when the Parliament is not in session (article 8), the Emperor is the chief executive, and makes treaties, nominates ambassadors, confers titles of [[Japanese Nobility|nobility]], controls the Imperial House, can alter Imperial Succession, speaks before the Imperial Parliament on the state of the Empire annually, and provides a moral model to the people of Japan.  The Emperor lacks power over the military.  The Emperor may appoint members to the House of Peers.  The Emperor may be deposed by a ¾ vote of both houses of the Parliament and a majority of the Cabinet
**Note: The Imperial ruler of Japan is often referred to as &quot;Emperor&quot; in English whether male or female.  The reigning Emperor is female.
*Imperial Cabinet: Consists of a [[Prime Minister of Japan|Prime Minister]], chosen by the Emperor with consent of the Parliament, and a number of other ministers of state, chosen by the Prime Minister with the Emperor's consent.  The Cabinet gives advise to the Emperor; the approval of Prime Minister and &quot;competent Minister of State&quot; are required along with the Emperor's approval for all laws, but by a 2/3 vote, the Coccai may over-ride a veto by those ministers.  The Cabinent must resign en masse if A) The Emperor orders it, or B) the Parliament passes a [[Vote of No-Confidence]]

===Legislative===
*The Imperial Parliament
**Elections are held on the last day of the month, with new members taking office on the 4th day of the next month.
**The House of Peers: Consists of representatives of the nobility and other categories determined by law.  May propose laws to the House of Representatives.  Has the power to veto laws passed by the House of Representatives (subject to override by 3/5 vote)
**The House of Representatives: Consists of 620 representatives, 420 from single-seat constituencies and 200 chosen by proportional election in each province.  Elected to 3-year terms (or until dissolution of Parliament).  Most recent election was Gacudai Gannen, Jùitxigaçu 30 (December 31, 2004).
**The House of Regions: Has no power.  Consists of a single representative from each Region, plus the Kingdoms of Corea and Lùquiù and the Republic of Ezo.  These representatives have voice but not vote in the other two Houses.
===Judicial===
*The Supreme Court of the Empire of [[Japan]] - Judges nominated by the Emperor and approved by the Parliament, has power to determine constitutionality
**One High Court per constituent - Judges chosen by chief executive of each constituent, with the approval of the legislature thereof; generally has power to determine constitutionality.
***Various district courts - Established by the constituent governments; usually includes provincial courts as an intermediate level
==Internal division==
*3 Kingdoms and 1 Republic, each of which are governed internally as they wish, with a few restrictions:
**No constituent shall pass any laws, or contain any clause in their Constitution, contrary to the Constitution of the Empire of [[Japan]]
**No constituent shall make alliances or treaties with other constituents or foreign powers, unless the Imperial Parliament and the Emperor shall approve
**No constituent, except for the Kingdoms of Lùquiù, Corea and Yamato, shall be headed be headed by a non-elected official, unless the Imperial Parliament and the Emperor shall approve
**The King (or Queen) of Corea is one and the same with the Emperor of Japan
**The succession to the throne of Lùquiù shall be subject to the consent of the Emperor

== Constitution of Japan ==
=== Structure ===
*[[#Chapter I|Chapter I]] (Articles 1-20) - The Emperor, rights, powers, titles, and duties; regency
*[[#Chapter II|Chapter II]] (Articles 21-52) - Rights and Duties of the People
*[[#Chapter III|Chapter III]] (Articles 53-84) - The Parliament, organization, powers, election
*[[#Chapter IV|Chapter IV]] (Articles 85-97) - The Cabinet, organization, powers, how chosen
*[[#Chapter V|Chapter V]] (Articles 98-106) - The Judiciary
*[[#Chapter VI|Chapter VI]] (Articles 107-114) - Finance
*[[#Chapter VII|Chapter VII]] (Articles 115-126) - Local Government
*[[#Chapter VIII|Chapter VIII]] (Articles 127-129) - Amendment Process
*[[#Chapter IX|Chapter IX]] (Articles 130-131) - Constitution defined as Supreme Law
*[[#Chapter X|Chapter X]] (Articles 132-134) - Additional Provisions
*[[#Amendment I|Amendment I]] (Articles 135-136) - Excludes Imperial Family from military service (those in the services at the time were exempted); denies money to ò and nio'ò (except by Imperial Dispensation)
*[[#Amendment II|Amendment II]] (Articles 137-144) - Recognizes Kingdom of Lùquiù as a constituent of the Empire
*[[#Amendment III|Amendment III]] (Articles 145-151) - Recognizes Republic of Ezo as a consitituent of the Empire
*[[#Amendement IV|Amendment IV]] (Articles 152-163) - Recongizes Kingdom of Yamato as a constituent of the Empire; renounces claims to Kanawiki

=== Chapter I ===
&lt;big&gt;'''The Emperor'''&lt;/big&gt;

Article 1.  The Empire of Japan shall be reigned over by an unbroken dynastic line of Emperors

Article 2.  Succession to the Throne of Japan shall be dynastic, as determined by the Imperial House Law&lt;br&gt;
(2) No clause in the Imperial House Law shall give status as an Imperial House member to anyone, except by right of birth, through patrilineal descent&lt;br&gt;
(3) The Imperial House shall be governed by the Emperor, according to the terms of the Imperial House Law

Article 3.  The Emperor is a sacred and majestic being, deriving his authority from his ancestors.

Article 4.  The Emperor is the head of the Empire, and the source of all authority, wielded according to the provisions of the present Constitution

Article 5.  The Emperor exercises executive powers with the consent of the Parliament and Cabinet.

Article 6.  The Emperor gives sanction to laws, and orders them to be promulgated and executed.

Article 7.  The Emperor convokes the Parliament, opens, closes, and prorogues it, and, with the consent of the Cabinet, dissolves the House of Representatives

Article 8.  The Emperor, in consequence of an urgent necessity to maintain public safety or to avert public calamities, issues, when the Parliament is not sitting, Imperial Ordinances in the place of law.&lt;br&gt;
(2) Such Imperial Ordinances are to be laid before the Parliament at its next session, and if the Parliament does not approve the said Ordinances, the Government shall declare them to be invalid for the future.

Article 9.  The Emperor issues or causes to be issued, Ordinances necessary for the carrying out of the laws, or for the maintenance of the public peace and order, and for the promotion of the welfare of the subjects. But no Ordinance shall in any way alter any of the existing laws.

Article 10.  The Emperor determines the organization of the different branches of the administration, and salaries of all civil and military officers, and appoints and dismisses the same. Exceptions, specially provided for in the present Constitution or in other laws, shall be in accordance with the respective provisions (bearing thereon).

Article 11.  The Emperor makes peace and concludes treaties, with consent of the Parliament.

Article 12.  The Emperor declares a state of siege.&lt;br&gt;
(2) The conditions and effects of a state of siege shall be determined by law.

Article 13.  The Emperor confers titles of [[Japanese Nobility|nobility]], rank, orders and other marks of honor&lt;br&gt;
(2) With the approval of the Parliament, the Emperor appoints all ambassadors and foreign ministers

Article 14.  The Emperor orders amnesty, pardon, commutation of punishments and rehabilitation.

Article 15.  In the event that the Emperor shall be unable to exercise his authority, by the terms of the Imperial House Law, a Regency shall be instituted in conformity with the provisions of the Imperial House Law.&lt;br&gt;
(2) The Regent shall exercise the powers appertaining to the Emperor in His name.&lt;br&gt;
(3) The Regent shall not be head of the Imperial House, if he is not a member of the Imperial House

Article 16.  The Emperor shall have power to alter the [[Japanese Succession|Imperial Succession]], provided that no one who is not a member of the Imperial House, as determined by the Imperial House Law, shall be in the Succession.

Article 17.  The Emperor shall also hold the titles of King of [[Corea]], High King of [[Kanawiki]], and High King of [[Micronesian Confederation|Micronesia]], and shall exercise all powers granted to the King or High King by the Constitutions thereof. ''Modified by [[Japanese Government#Amendment IV|Amendement IV]]''

Article 18.  The Emperor may become head of state of other nations, by his approval, the approval of the Imperial Parliament and Cabinet, and the approval of the appropriate legislative body of said nation, and shall likewise exercise all power granted by the Constitutions of those nations.&lt;br&gt;
(2) Any additional titles of the Emperor, not granted by this Constitution, may be renounced at will by the Emperor, or removed from him in accordance with the statute, law, or ordinance originally bestowing the title upon him

Article 19.  The Emperor shall speak before the Parliament at least once every year, to detail the state of the Empire, and to propose changes in policy or laws.

Article 20.  The Emperor is required to provide a moral model to his people, and to exercise all sacred duties and religious rites required by tradition.

=== Chapter II ===
&lt;big&gt;'''Rights and Duties of the People'''&lt;/big&gt;

Article 21.  The rights of the people, as specified herein, are eternal and inviolate, restricted only as spelled out in this Constitution.

Article 22.  The freedoms and rights guaranteed to the people by this Constitution shall be maintained by the constant endeavor of the people, who shall refrain from any abuse of these freedoms and rights and shall always be responsible for utilizing them for the public welfare.

Article 23.  All of the people shall be respected as individuals. Their right to life and liberty shall, to the extent that it does not interfere with the public welfare, be the supreme consideration in legislation and in other governmental affairs.

Article 24.  Citizens of the Empire may, according to qualifications determined in laws or ordinances, be appointed to civil or military or any other public offices equally.

Article 25.  Citizens and legal residents are amenable to service in the [[Japanese military|Army or Navy]], and may be required to serve by law, but no required duty shall exceed three years unless the nation is in danger of invasion, furthermore, no one holding or formerly holding citizenship in a nation with whom the Empire is at war, shall be required to serve in the Army or Navy for the duration of said war.

Article 26.  All of the people are equal under the law and there shall be no discrimination in political, economic or social relations because of race, language, creed, sex, social status or family origin

Article 27.  All citizens have the inalienable right to choose their public officials and to dismiss them.&lt;br&gt;
(2) All public officials are servants of the whole community and not of any group thereof.&lt;br&gt;
(3) The right to vote shall not be denied or restricted to citizens of the Empire by cause of race, language, creed, sex, social status or family origin&lt;br&gt;
(4) In all elections, secrecy of the ballot shall not be violated. A voter shall not be answerable, publicly or privately, for the choice he has made.

Article 28.  Every citizen shall have the right of peaceful petition for the redress of damage, for the removal of public officials, for the enactment, repeal or amendment of laws, ordinances or regulations and for other matters; nor shall any person be in any way discriminated against for sponsoring such a petition.

Article 29.  Every citizen may sue for redress as provided by law from the State or a public entity, in case he has suffered damage through illegal act of any public official.

Article 30.  No person shall be held in bondage of any kind. Involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime, is prohibited.

Article 31.  Freedom of thought and conscience shall not be violated.

Article 32.  Freedom of religion is guaranteed to all.&lt;br&gt;
(2) No person shall be compelled to take part in any religious acts, celebration, rite or practice. 

Article 33.  Freedom of assembly and association as well as speech, press and all other forms of expression are guaranteed.

Article 34.  No censorship shall be maintained, nor shall the secrecy of any means of communication be violated, unless the safety of the nation requires it, and then only according to a law which shall specify the conditions under which such restrictions or violations shall be permissible, and the term during which the law shall operate, not to exceed 4 years

Article 35.  Every person shall have freedom to choose and change his residence and to choose his occupation to the extent that it does not interfere with the public welfare.&lt;br&gt;
(2) Freedom of all persons to move to a foreign country and to divest themselves of their nationality shall be inviolate.

Article 36.  Academic freedom is guaranteed.

Article 37.  All people shall have the right to maintain the minimum standards of wholesome and cultured living.&lt;br&gt;
(2) In all spheres of life, the State shall use its endeavors for the promotion and extension of social welfare and security, and of public health.

Article 38.  All people shall have the right to receive an equal education correspondent to their ability, as provided for by law.&lt;br&gt;
(2) All people shall be obligated to have all boys and girls under their protection receive ordinary education as provided for by law. Such compulsory education shall be free.

Article 39.  All people shall have the right and the obligation to work.&lt;br&gt;
(2) Standards for wages, hours, rest and other working conditions shall be fixed by law.&lt;br&gt;
(3) Children shall not be exploited.

Article 40.  The right of workers to organize and to bargain and act collectively is guaranteed.

Article 41.  The right to own or to hold property is inviolable.&lt;br&gt;
(2) Property rights shall be defined by law, in conformity with the public welfare.&lt;br&gt;
(3) Private property may be taken for public use upon just compensation therefor.

Article 42.  The people shall be liable to taxation as provided for by law.

Article 43.  No person shall be deprived of life or liberty, nor shall any other criminal penalty be imposed, except according to procedure established by law.

Article 44.  No person shall be denied the right of access to the courts.

Article 45.  No person shall be apprehended except upon warrant issued by a competent judicial officer which specifies the offense with which the person is charged, unless he is apprehended as the offense is being committed.

Article 46.  No person shall be arrested or detained without being at once informed of the charges against him or without the immediate privilege of counsel; nor shall he be detained without adequate cause; and upon demand of any person such cause must be immediately shown in open court in his presence and the presence of his counsel.

Article 47.  The right of all persons to be secure in their homes, papers and effects against entries, searches and seizures shall not be impaired except upon warrant issued for adequate cause and particularly describing the place to be searched and things to be seized, or except as provided by Article 45.&lt;br&gt;
(2) Each search or seizure shall be made upon separate warrant issued by a competent judicial officer.

Article 48.  The infliction of torture by any public officer and cruel punishments are absolutely forbidden.

Article 49.  In all criminal cases the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial tribunal.&lt;br&gt;
(2) He shall be permitted full opportunity to examine all witnesses, and he shall have the right of compulsory process for obtaining witnesses on his behalf at public expense.&lt;br&gt;
(3) At all times the accused shall have the assistance of competent counsel who shall, if the accused is unable to secure the same by his own efforts, be assigned to his use by the State.

Article 50.  No person shall be compelled to testify against himself.&lt;br&gt;
(2) Confession made under compulsion, torture or threat, or after prolonged arrest or detention shall not be admitted in evidence.

Article 51.  No person shall be held criminally liable for an act which was lawful at the time it was committed, or of which he had been acquitted, nor shall he be placed in double jeopardy.

Article 52.  Any person may, in case he is acquitted after he has been arrested or detained, sue the State for redress as provided for by law.

=== Chapter III ===
&lt;big&gt;'''The Parliament'''&lt;/big&gt;

Article 53.  The Parliament shall consist of three houses: The House of Representatives, the House of Peers, and the House of Regions

Article 54.  Elections for Parliament shall be held on the last day of the 36th month after the most recent election, with the winners of said election taking office on the 4th day of the next month.&lt;br&gt;
2) The first election after the ratification of this Constitution shall take place within 3 months of said ratification

Article 55.  The House of Representatives shall consist of two categories of members elected for three-year terms. However, the term shall be terminated before the full term is up in case the House of Representatives is dissolved.

Article 56.  The first category in the above-mentioned division shall be elected in specially-constituted electoral districts, which shall be equal to the electoral districts used under the previous Constitution; but districts shall be redrawn periodically, not to exceed ten years between redrawings, nor to be less than three years.

Article 57.  The second category in the above-mentioned division shall be elected in multi-seat constituencies.  Unless altered by local law, constituencies shall consist of provinces.

Article 58.  The two categories shall differ only as to elections.

Article 59.  The number of members in the House of Representatives, and in each category, shall be determined by the House; but neither category shall be reduced below 100 members.

Article 60.  The qualifications of members of the House of Representatives and their electors shall be fixed by law.  However, there shall be no discrimination because of race, language, creed, sex, social status, family origin, education, property or income.&lt;br&gt;
(2) No members shall be elected from the [[Micronesian Confederation]] or the High Kingdom of [[Kanawiki]]

Article 61.  The members of the House of Peers shall be chosen from among the nobility as determined by law.

Article 62.  The Emperor may appoint members to the House of Peers, subject to approval by the House of Peers.

Article 63.  The House of Regions shall consist of a single representative from every Region, and a representative from the Kingdom of Corea, but shall have no power, only the right to speak in either of the other two Houses.  In this Constitution, the term &quot;House&quot; shall not be taken to include the House of Regions

Article 64.  No bill which has been rejected by either House may not be brought up again in the same session.

Article 65.  A session of the Parliament shall last 3 months, unless specially extended by the Emperor.

Article 66.  The Emperor may convoke extraordinary sessions of the Parliament, determining in the same Imperial Order how long the session shall last.

Article 67.  The Parliament shall meet at least once a year.

Article 68.  When the House of Representatives is dissolved, there must be a general election of members of the House of Representatives within forty days from the date of dissolution, and the Parliament must be convoked within thirty days from the date of the election.&lt;br&gt;
(2) When the House of Representatives is dissolved, the House of Peers is closed at the same time. However, the Emperor may, in time of national emergency, convoke the House of Peers in emergency session.&lt;br&gt;
(3) Measures taken at such session as mentioned in the proviso of the preceding clause shall be provisional and shall become null and void unless agreed to by the House of Representatives within a period of ten days after the opening of the next session of the Parliament.

Article 69. Each House shall select its own president and other officials.&lt;br&gt;
(2) Each House shall establish its rules pertaining to meetings, proceedings and internal discipline, and may punish members for disorderly conduct. However, in order to expel a member, a majority of two-thirds or more of those members present must pass a resolution thereon.

Article 70.  Members of both Houses and the House of Regions shall receive appropriate annual payment from the Imperial treasury in accordance with law.

Article 71.  Except in cases as provided for by law, members of both Houses shall be exempt from apprehension while the Parliament is in session, and any members apprehended before the opening of the session shall be freed during the term of the session upon demand of the House.

Article 72.  Members of both Houses shall not be held liable outside the House for speeches, debates or votes cast inside the House.

Article 73.  The deliberations of both Houses shall be held in public. The deliberations may, however, upon demand of the Cabinet or Emperor, or by vote or 2/3 of those present, be held in secret sitting.&lt;br&gt;
(2) Each House shall keep a record of proceedings. This record shall be published and given general circulation, excepting such parts of proceedings of secret session as may be deemed to require secrecy.&lt;br&gt;
(3) The votes of all members shall be recorded

Article 74. Each House shall judge disputes related to qualifications of its members. However, in order to deny a seat to any member, it is necessary to pass a resolution by a majority of two-thirds or more of the members present.

Article 75.  Business cannot be transacted in either House unless one-half or more of total membership is present.&lt;br&gt;
(2) All matters shall be decided, in each House, by a majority of those present, except as elsewhere provided for in the Constitution, and in case of a tie, the presiding officer shall decide the issue.

Article 76.  Both Houses of the Parliament may respectively present addresses to the Emperor.

Article 77.  Both Houses may receive petitions by the people.

Article 78.  A bill becomes law upon approval of both Houses and the Emperor; but the House of Representatives may over-ride the House of Peers’ veto by a 2/3 vote.

Article 79.  The budget must first be submitted to the House of Representatives.&lt;br&gt;
(2) Upon consideration of the budget, when the House of Peers makes a decision different from that of the House of Representatives, and when no agreement can be reached even through a joint committee of both Houses, provided for by law, or in the case of failure by the House of Peers to take final action within thirty days, the period of recess excluded, after the receipt of the budget passed by the House of Representatives, the decision of the House of Representatives shall be the decision of the Parliament.

Article 80.  The Parliament shall have power to ratify treaties signed by the Emperor, and a failure to ratify the treaty shall invalidate said treaty.

Article 81.  Each House may conduct investigations in relation to government, and may demand the presence and testimony of witnesses, and the production of records.

Article 82.  The Prime Minister and other Ministers of State may, at any time, appear in either House for the purpose of speaking on bills, regardless of whether they are members of the House or not. They must appear when their presence is required in order to give answers or explanations.

Article 83.  The Parliament shall set up an impeachment court from among the members of both Houses for the purposes of trying those judges against whom removal proceedings have been instituted.&lt;br&gt;
(2) Matters relating to impeachment shall be provided for by law.

Article 84. The Parliament shall have power to depose an Emperor by a vote of ¾ of both houses, and consent of the majority of the Cabinet, or 2/3 of the cabinet if the Prime Minister refuses consent.  In case of an Emperor being deposed, the Parliament shall have power to choose a successor different from the one chosen by the Emperor, but the successor must be a member of the [[Japanese Imperial Family|Imperial Family]], and if the successor is beyond the second degree of relation, as determined by the Imperial House Law, it shall require a 2/3 vote of both houses.  Until a new Emperor shall have been approved, the deposed Emperor shall retain the title, but with a Regent exercising the power.  Said regent shall play no role in determining the new Emperor

=== Chapter IV ===
'''&lt;big&gt;The Cabinet&lt;/big&gt;'''

Article 85.  A Cabinet shall exist to give advice to the Emperor, and the Emperor may delegate authority in specific fields to officers of the Cabinet.

Article 86.  The Cabinet shall consist of the [[Prime Minister of Japan|Prime Minister]], who shall be its head, and other Ministers of State, as provided for by law.&lt;br&gt;
(2) The Prime Minister and other Ministers of State must be civilians.&lt;br&gt;
(3) The Cabinet shall, in the exercise of executive power, be collectively responsible to the Parilament and Emperor.

Article 87.  The Prime Minister shall be appointed by the Emperor with the consent of the Parliament.

Article 88.  The other Ministers of State shall be chosen by the Prime Minister, with the consent of the Emperor.&lt;br&gt;
(2) With the Emperor’s consent, the Prime Minister may dismiss any of his Ministers of State

Article 89.  The Cabinet shall be held accountable for advice given to the Emperor

Article 90.  The Emperor may order the Cabinet to resign en masse, or the Parliament may pass a [[Vote of No-Confidence|no-confidence measure]], in which case, the Cabinet is required to resign en masse.

Article 91.  The Prime Minister, representing the Cabinet, submits bills, reports on general national affairs and foreign relations to the Parliament and the Emperor, and exercises control and supervision over various administrative branches.

Article 92.  The Cabinet shall administer the civil service, in accordance with standards established by law

Article 93.  All laws, cabinet orders, and Imperial Decrees, shall require the signature of the competent Minister of State and the Prime Minister.

Article 94.  In the event that either the Prime Minister or the competent Minister of State do not approve a bill, it shall return to the Parliament; if 2/3 of both Houses consent to the bill, it shall become law.

Article 95.  The Ministers of State shall not, during their tenure of office, be subject to legal action without the consent of the Prime Minister. However, the right to take that action is not impaired hereby.

Article 96.  The Prime Minister and other Ministers of State shall receive regular compensation, which shall not be diminished during their term of office, unless the Prime Minister accepts such diminishment.

Article 97.  With the approval of the Emperor, and a majority of the Cabinet, the Prime Minister may dissolve the House of Representatives

=== Chapter V ===
&lt;big&gt;'''The Judiciary'''&lt;/big&gt;

Article 98. The justice system of the Empire of Japan shall consist of a Supreme Court, whose judges are nominated by the Emperor with the consent of the Cabinet.

Article 99.  Every constituent shall have a High Court, whose judges shall be determined by the executive authority thereof, with the approval of the legislature thereof.

Article 100.  Lower courts shall be established according to the laws of the constituents.

Article 101.  Qualifications for judges shall be determined by law.

Article 102.  No judge may be removed from his position unless convicted of crime or corruption, or of failing to justly administer the laws of the Empire

Article 103.  Trials shall be conducted and judgement declared publicly.&lt;br&gt;
(2) Where a court unanimously determines publicity to be dangerous to public order or morals, a trial may be conducted privately, but trials of political offenses, offenses involving the press or cases wherein the rights of people as guaranteed in Chapter II of this Constitution are in question shall always be conducted publicly.

Article 104.  The Supreme Court shall determine the Constitutionality of any law.

Article 105. The Supreme Court is vested with the rule-making power under which it determines the rules of procedure and of practice, and of matters relating to attorneys, the internal discipline of the courts and the administration of judicial affairs. &lt;br&gt;
(2) Public procurators shall be subject to the rule-making power of the Supreme Court.&lt;br&gt;
(3) The Supreme Court may delegate the power to make rules for inferior courts to such court

Article 106.  All judges shall receive, at stated intervals, compensation for their duties, which shall not be decreased during their terms of office.

=== Chapter VI ===
'''&lt;big&gt;Finance&lt;/big&gt;'''

Article 107.  The Parliament shall have power to administer the Empire’s finances&lt;br&gt;
(2) Except in cases given in this Constitution, no money may be spent from the Imperial Treasury without the approval of the Parliament.

Article 108.  No new taxes shall be imposed or existing ones modified except by law or under such conditions as law may prescribe.

Article 109.  The Emperor and other members of the Imperial House shall receive, at regular intervals, compensation, according to the Imperial Household Finance Law.  The Emperor or any member of the Imperial House may renounce this compensation at his discretion. [''Modified slightly by [[Japanese Government#Amendment I|Amendment I]]'']

Article 110.  The Cabinet shall prepare and submit to the Parliament for its consideration and decision a budget for each fiscal year.

Article 111.  In order to provide for unforeseen deficiencies in the budget, a reserve fund may be authorized by the Parliament to be expended upon the responsibility of the Cabinet must get subsequent approval of the Parliament for all payments from the reserve fund.

Article 112.  No public money or other property shall be expended or appropriated for the use, benefit or maintenance of any religious institution or association, except those under the Emperor’s auspices, or for any charitable, educational or benevolent enterprises not under the control of public authority.

Article 113.  Final accounts of the expenditures and revenues of the State shall be audited annually by a Board of Audit and submitted by the Parliament, together with the statement of audit, during the fiscal year immediately following the period covered.&lt;br&gt;
(2) The organization and competency of the Board of Audit shall be determined by law.

Article 114.  At regular intervals and at least annually the Parliament and the people shall be informed of the state of national finances.

=== Chapter VII ===
&lt;big&gt;'''Local Government'''&lt;/big&gt;

Article 115.  Japan shall be divided into 8 divisions called Regions [''dò''], in addition to such constituents as are elsewhere in this Constitution recoginzed.  The Regions shall be
#[[Cantò]], consisting of the Provinces of Ibaraqui, {{Province|Edo}}, Canagawa, Saitama, Txiba, Totxigui, and Gumma,
#[[Quiùxù]], consisting of the island of Quiùxu, and islands belonging to provinces on the island of Quiùxu,
#[[Quiñqui]], consisting of the Provinces of Òsaca, [[Quiòto]], Xiga, {{Province|Nara}}, Hiògo, Mie, Wacayama,
#[[Xicocu]], consisting of the island of Xicocu, and islands belonging to Provinces on the island of Xicocu,
#[[Txùgocu]], consisting of the Provinces of Ocayama, Ximane, Tottoli, {{Province|Hiroxima}}, and Yamagutxi,
#[[Txùbu]], consisting of the Provinces of {{Province|Aitxi}}, Ixicawa, Guifu, Xizúoca, Toyama, Nagano, Nìgata, Fucúi, and Yamanaxi,
#[[Tòhocu]], consisting of the Provinces of Aomoli, {{Province|Aquita}}, Iwate, {{Province|Miyagui}}, Fucuxima, and Yamagata, and
#[[Ezo|Hoccaidò]], consisting of the Provinces of [[Carafuto]], [[Russo-Japanese Condominium Area|Outer Manchuria]], [[Txixima District|Txixima]], and the entire island of Hoccaidò [''This section repealed by [[#Amendment III|Amendment III]]'']

Article 116.  Alterations to the internal structure of a constituent shall be entirely at the discretion of said constituent, subject only to the constitution thereof.

Article 117.  The Imperial government may create new Regions out of acquired territory, or may give such territory to existing constituent as the Parliament and Emperor see fit.

Article 118.  Except in the case given in Article 117, no new constituent may be created except by amendment to this Constitution.

Article 119.  No new constituent shall be created out of an existing constituent without the consent of the people of the proposed constituent and of the existing constituent.

Article 120.  No changes shall be made to the territorial extent of any constituent without the consent of the constituent(s) involved and of the Imperial Parliament and Emperor.

Article 121.  Every constituent of the Empire shall be governed by a Constitution, and no such Constitution shall contain any clause contrary to the Imperial Constitution or any treaty ratified by the Empire of Japan.

Article 122.  No constituent may pass any law contrary to the Imperial Constitution, or to any treaty signed by the Empire of Japan.

Article 123.  No Region may coin money or emit bills of credit.

Article 124.  No Region may, without approval of the Parliament and the people thereof, be governed by an unelected official.

Article 125.  No treaty or compact between two or more constituents of the Empire or between any constituent of the Empire and a foreign power shall exist without the approval of the Emperor and the Parliament.

Article 126.  No law shall be passed by the Parliament which is limited in its scope to a specific place or region without the approval of the people in the affected place or region.

=== Chapter VIII ===
&lt;big&gt;'''Amendments'''&lt;/big&gt;

Article 127.  Amendments to this present Constitution may be proposed by a vote of 2/3 of both houses of the Parliament, or alternately, at the request of the Emperor, a special Convention for proposing amendments may be called, consisting of representatives chosen for the purpose by the constituents of the Empire in proportion to their population.  In either event, an amendment shall be a valid part of this Constitution when ratified by a majority vote in a majority of the constituents of the Empire, and approved by the Emperor; but any amendment approved during a Regency shall be reconsidered by the Emperor when the Regency ends.

Article 128.  No amendment passed shall deprive any constituent of its constitutional rights or existence without the approval of that constituent.

Article 129.  No amendment shall alter the dynastic nature of the Imperial House so as to recognize anyone not descended from a former Emperor in the male line as a member of the Imperial Family.

=== Chapter IX ===
&lt;big&gt;'''Supreme Law'''&lt;/big&gt;

Article 130.  This Constitution shall be the supreme law of the Empire of Japan, and no law, Imperial edict, or treaty shall violate its provisions.

Article 131.  The Emperor and all members of the government shall be required to uphold and defend this Constitution.

=== Chapter X ===
&lt;big&gt;'''Additional Provisions'''&lt;/big&gt;

Article 132.  This Constitution shall go into force immediately after it shall have been ratified by 6 provinces of Corea and 31 provinces of Japan.

Article 133.  The official languages of this Empire shall be [[Japanese]] and Corean.  All laws shall be written in one of those two languages, with an equally valid translation prepared into the other.  All debates and discussions in the Parliament shall be in either language.  Members of Parliament may be provided with translators if necessary.  Constituents may choose either language, or another language, for internal purposes, but all laws shall be translated into Corean and Japanese.  The Empire shall pay the translation costs for the Micronesian Confederation and the High Kingdom of Kanawiki.

Article 134.  Elections for a new Parliament shall be held as soon as possible after ratification of this Constitution, but under no circumstances to exceed 6 months after ratification.  Until a new Parliament has been chosen, the former Parliament shall exercise the powers herein granted to the Parliament.

=== Amendments ===

==== Amendment I ====
Article 135.  No member of the Imperial Family may serve in the Army or Navy.&lt;br&gt;
(2) Any member of the Imperial Family serving in the Army or Navy at the time of the ratification of this amendment may continue serving.

Article 136.  No money shall be paid out in consequence of the Imperial Household Finance Law to any ò or nio’ò, except by special Imperial Dispensation.

==== Amendment II ====
Article 137.  The Kingdom of [[Lùquiù]] shall be recognized as a constituent of the Empire of Japan.

Article 138.  No provision to the Constitution of the Kingdom of Lùquiù or any law thereof, which is in conflict with this Constitution, shall be valid.

Article 139.  All treaties entered into by the Kingdom of Lùquiù prior to the ratification of this amendment shall remain valid.

Article 140.  All debts contracted by the Kingdom of Lùquiù prior to the ratification of this amendment shall be assumed by the Empire of Japan.

Article 141.  The Emperor shall have the right of approval for succession to the Throne of Lùquiù, and in the event of an extinction of the Royal House, may approve a new successor or become the King.

Article 142.  The Emperor shall have the title of Over-King of Lùquiù

Article 143.  Japanese and Corean shall be official languages of the Kingdom of Lùquiù.  All laws passed by the Kingdom shall be translated into those two languages; but the Empire shall assume the costs of translation.  All other linguistic policy issues shall be the province of the Kingdom of Lùquiù.

Article 144.  The Kingdom of Lùquiù shall have power to coin money and emit bills of credit, provided their currency corresponds to the Imperial Currency Law.

==== Amendment III ====

Article 145.  The Region of Hoccaidò is hereby dissolved.

Article 146.  The territory formerly known as Hoccaidò shall be recognized as the Republic of [[Ezo]], and shall be recognized as a constituent of the Empire of Japan.

Article 147.  The Emperor of Japan shall be First Citizen of Ezo, and shall exercise all the powers granted that position by the Constitution of the Republic of Ezo.&lt;br&gt;
(2) This article may be voided by the Constitution of the Republic of Ezo, but not until 15 years have passed from the ratification of this amendment

Article 148.  No provision in the Constitution of Ezo contrary to the Constitution of Japan, nor any law contrary to the Constitution of Japan, shall be held valid.

Article 149.  All treaties entered into by the Republic of Ezo prior to the ratification of this amendment shall be held valid.

Article 150.  All debts entered into by the Republic of Ezo prior to the ratification of this amendment shall be assumed by the Empire of Japan.

Article 151.  The Republic of Ezo shall adopt a currency based on the Imperial Currency Law, and shall retain power to coin money and emit bills of credit, conforming to the Imperial Currency Law.

==== Amendment IV ====
Article 152.  The titles of High King of Kanawiki and High King of Micronesia are no longer constitutionally protected.  The High Kingdom of Kanawiki and the Micronesian Confederation are no longer recognized as constituents of the Empire, but rather, personal domains of the Emperor.  Neither domain may be stripped from the Emperor without the Emperor’s consent. 

Article 153.  The seven Regions are hereby reorganized into a Kingdom of [[Yamato]], with the Emperor of Japan as its King or Queen.

Article 154.  The term &quot;constituent of the Empire&quot; shall be redefined to exclude the Regions in place of Yamato.

Article 155.  For purposes of future amendments, &quot;constituent of the Empire&quot; shall consist of the the Regions of Yamato, the provinces of Corea, the Republic of Ezo, and the Kingdom of Lùquiù.  But no future amendment shall be held valid, unless consented to by the citizens of a majority of the provinces of Corea and a majority of the regions of Yamato.

Article 156.  A Constitutional Convention shall be called for the Kingdom of Yamato consisting of representatives from all over the proposed Kingdom.  The Kingdom shall be dissolved, and this amendment held invalid, if a Constitution has not been approved within 2 years of the ratification of this amendment, and until such time as a new Constitution has been approved, the government of the Kingdom of Yamato shall be run according to the Imperial Constitution, excepting those clauses not applicable to Yamato, or otherwise modified by this amendment.

Article 157.  The official language of the Kingdom of Yamato shall be Japanese, and all internal matters shall be handled in that language, but Yamato shall be required to translate its laws into Corean.

Article 158.  No clause in the Constitution of the Kingdom of Yamato, nor any law passed by the same which conflicts with the Constitution of Japan shall be held valid.

Article 159.  The present flag of the Empire of Japan shall revert to the Kingdom of Yamato, and a new flag shall be created for the Empire of Japan, but until the new flag is approved, the old flag shall continue in use.

Article 160.  The currency produced by the Imperial government shall devolve to the authority of the Kingdom of Yamato.

Article 161.  Upon ratification of a constitution, all matters currently handled by the Imperial government which affect only the 7 Regions shall devolve to the Kingdom of Yamato.

Article 162.  A High Court for the Kingdom of Yamato shall be created.

Article 163.  The Empire of Japan shall eternally consist of Yamato and Corea.  Other constituents may secede if the people thereof decide to do so by 2/3 vote; but in any such case, negotiations shall be required with the Empire to determine the status of military forces, territorial extent, share of the Imperial Debt, and any other necessary issues.

== See Also ==
[[Japanese Politics]]

[[Category:Japan]]
[[Category:Government]]
[[Category:Constitutions]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Japanese Politics</title>
    <id>924</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36117</id>
      <timestamp>2006-04-05T02:09:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">The [[Japan|Japanese Empire]] has several major parties

*[[Socialist Party of Japan|Socialist Party]] - The oldest still-existing party in Japan, they have moderated considerably from their earlier radicalism.  They are anti-military, internationalist, in favor of a weakened Emperor, in favor of strong government control of business, strong supporters of civil rights, and generally in favor of personal freedoms.
*[[Corean Nationalist Party]] - Based in [[Corea]], believes that the throne of Corea should be restored to the Chosen Dynasty, and that full independance should be returned to Corea.
*[[Liberal Party of Japan|Liberal Party]] - In favor of government regulation of business and civil rights.  They are similar to the Socialists, and are frequently allied with them.  The main difference is that the Liberals are moderately militaristic and in favor of a moderately powerful Emperor.
*[[Democratic Party of Japan|Democratic Party]] - Pro-business, in favor of a weak Emperor, believes in assimilating [[Ezo]] and [[Luuquiuu|Lùquiù]], but in favor of retaining Corea's distinctness, moderately centralist, moderately internationalist, supporters of civil rights and personal freedoms.  In recent years, they have become supportive of a Corean restoration or establishment of a Corean Viceroy.  Party president is [[Amagawa Hoxi]].
*[[Confederationist Party of Japan|Confederationist Party]] - In favor of strong local autonomy at the province level and small national government.  Supportive also of a Corean Viceroy.  They are largely neutral on most social issues, believing those to be best dealt with by local governments.  Internationalist.  Party President is [[Pak Ol-Uañ]]
*[[Yamato Party]] - A nationalist party, in favor of greater centralization of the Empire (including the elimination of Corea, Ezo, and Lùquiù as distinct entities), militaristic, in favor of a moderately strong Emperor, pro-business, in favor of extending control over former colonies, and distrustful of minorities and individualists.  Believes it's Japan's destiny to be a world leader.  Party President is Canada Aqui.  Sometimes said to be the oldest party, if one counts predecessor parties.
*[[Enlightened Government Party]] - A Nitxiren Buddhist party.  In favor of the establishment of a Buddhist theocracy.  Generally quite conservative on social issues and distrustful of popular sovreignty.  Centralist and moderately internationlist.  Believes it's Japan's destiny and duty to be a world leader.  Their leaders dream of the establishment of a worldwide Buddhist theocracy centered on Japan.  A perpeptual minor party, rarely possessing more than 20 seats
*[[Sonxintò]] (Reverance for the Gods Party) - Xinto-based party.  Moderately internationalist, anti-military.  A loose coallition of various religious interests.  Generally pro-Civil Rights, but moderately conservative on moral issues.  Believes in &quot;peace and harmony at home and abroad&quot;

{|{{Prettytable}}
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|colspan=5|'''Seats by Party (2005-)'''&lt;br&gt;Ruling coalition in bold
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|'''Party'''||'''Seats'''||'''Change from 2001'''
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|'''Democratic'''||312||+25
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|Confederationist||102||+4
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|Socialist||81||-1
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|'''Liberal'''||65||+3
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|Corean Nationalist||22||+9
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|Yamato||20||-15
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|Sonxintò||11||-12
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|Enlightened Government||7||-13
|}

{|{{Prettytable}}
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|colspan=4|'''Seats by Party (2001-2004)'''&lt;br&gt;Ruling coalition in bold
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|'''Party'''||'''Seats'''
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|'''Democratic'''||287
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|Confederationist||98
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|Socialist||82
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|Liberal||62
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|'''Yamato'''||35
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|Sonxintò||23
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|'''Enlightened Government'''||20
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|Corean Nationalist||13
|}

The current [[Prime Minister of Japan|Prime Minister]], [[Amagawa Hoxi]], is from the Democratic Party, which works with the Liberal Party to form a ruling coallition.

Some notable parties of the past
*Reverance for the Emperor Party (Sonnòtò) - In favor of a very strong Emperor, and weakened Coccai.  Anti-Western and isolationist.  Very conservative in social matters.  Finally dissolved in Saisei 47 (1998), merging with Sonxintò
*[[People's Party of Japan]] - Formerly a legitimate political party, now a terrorist group

[[Category:Political Parties of Japan|*]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Government of Italy</title>
    <id>925</id>
    <revision>
      <id>60812</id>
      <timestamp>2009-07-26T05:01:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sectori</username>
        <id>167</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>see also</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''[[Italy]]''' is a nation comprising 25 smaller member states. The union was formed in 1933, and at first was only a collaboration in defensive matters, foreign affairs, as well as criminal and commercial law. It soon became apparent that a stronger central government was needed. As Italy was and is a free associated union, it was and is up to the individual nations to cede their rights as they see best.

==Head of State== 
The Head of State is a monarch elected by the Court of Princes for life. All the Heads of State of the participating members are participatory in the Court of Princes. The Kings, Grand Dukes, Dukes, and Archdukes may elect and be elected. The Princes, the Marquess, and the Lord may not vote but may be elected. The Presidents, the Patriarch and the Metropolitan Dukes may vote but may not be elected. The elected Monarch must be 21 years or older, sane and literate, and may not be the child or heir of the previous Monarch.

The Monarch may veto any legislation he or she feels to disrupt the general welfare of the people. Vetoes may be overridden by a two-third vote in both legislative Houses. The monarch may also suspend the constitution if the general welfare of the people is in an imminent risk, for no more than 90 days. After this 90-day period the monarch has to explain his or her reasons to Parliament and his or her actions must be backed in a referendum by more than two-thirds of the electorate.

==Executive Branch==
Italy's day-to-day executive functions are carried out by an elected Chancellor. The Chancellor appoints a Cabinet of Ministers. The Ministers of Justice, Foreign Affairs, and Defense automatically become Senators–by–right. The Ministers of the Treasury, Interior Affairs, and Commerce automatically become Deputees–by–right.

Though the Federal government originally only dealt with Foreign Affairs, Defense, Criminal and Commercial Law, the nations may, after a referendum, cede responsibilities to the Federal Government. Other Ministries that have been created since 1933 include (in brackets year of establishment): Labor (1934); Public Works (1934); Transport and Telecommunications (1937); Education (1938) ; Housing and Urban Affairs (1938); Health and Nutrition (1941); Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (1946); Health (1948); Development and Public Participation (1949); Information and Government Relations (1952); Industry (1956); Culture (1960); Economy and Finance (1968); Social Security (1968); Social Affairs (1968); Equal Opportunities (1968); Environment (1972); Public Service (1977); Tourism (1981); Cultural and Environmental Heritage (1996); Science and Technology (2000).

==Legislative Branch==
The legislative branch of Government is the Parliament and is divided into the Senate and the Chamber of the Deputees. The Parliament's President is elected every two years by those who did not vote in favour of the Presidents of the Senate or the Chamber of Deputees. 

===Senate===
The Senate is made up of 7 different &quot;Courts&quot;. All seven courts meet ''only'' upon the death of the Head of State. Not all courts take an active part in the legislative process nor are they needed. They include:

====The Court of Princes====
Constituted by all the Heads of Nation of each nation. The Court of Princes meet to elect the Federal Monarch, and ad-hoc (when at least one third of the court requests it) to discuss major constitutional changes or dynastic issues.

====The Court of Magistrates====
Composed of 108 representatives chosen to oversee the judicial system. One third of its members (a total of 36) are elected by practicing judges, one sixth by fiscal (state) lawyers, one sixth by private lawyers and one third by the Chamber of Deputees for 3 year terms in rotation. They may be reelected. They appoint all the judges and primary fiscal lawyers, they check the work of the judiciary branch and its members, and they give legal counsel to the executive branch, the other Senatorial Courts, and the Chamber of Deputees.

====The Court of the Wise====
Composed of 12 members with membership for life. Members are reappointed by the monarch, not later than 24 hours after the announcement of the death of a previous member, from a list of &quot;Wise in waiting&quot;. Membership to this list is required to be appointed. The monarch announces annually a minimum of 8 and a maximum of 20 persons to be added on this list. Membership to the Court is compatible with any other public office. This Court is the official voice of the monarch, its use largely depends on the monarch.

====The Court of the Elders====
This court does not physically exist as its members sit in the Legislative Chamber of the Senate. They may not vote on financial matters. Membership is for life (unless if it is because of a failed election - those candidates to the chancellorship who lost in but obtained at least 5% of the vote) and is considered incompatible with other public offices, as a position in the Court of Elders is considered a full-time job. For this reason, there are currently only 16 members, out of a total of 30 possible. Membership is available to all former Chancellors, Vice Chancellors, Ministers of Justice, Treasury, Foreign Affairs, Interior Affairs, Defence and Commerce, Chiefs of Staff, Ambassadors to the Holy See, Heads of the Italian Royal Household, Presidents of the Constitutional Tribunal, the Supreme Court and the Court of Accounts, Postmaster Generals, Fiscal Generals, Presidents of Parliament, Presidents of the Senate and Presidents of the Chamber of Deputees once they have left their office. Members of the Court of Elders are appointed by decree of the monarch, although appointees may decline to serve.

====The Court of Chamberlains====
This court takes its name from its original members who were the representatives of the Heads of State of the various nations that make up Italy. Since 1936 though, each Chancellor has been able to appoint 5 members per term in office, and the Monarch to appoint 2 members, changing annually. Furthermore, all titled nobles of Italy other than the Princes are members by right, as well as all willing the members of the monarch's family who are 21 years old or above, sane, and literate. Since 1976 membership has been extended to all former ministers and ambassadors. Membership is compatible with other public offices. This Court's function is to offer counsel on proposed legislation. The counsel may be rejected and is non-binding. It is up to its members to establish working groups, committees and meeting to inform the rest of the legislators of their counsel. Physically it resembles more a library than an arena. The Secretary of the court reads in the centre of the chamber the proposed legislation, and its members (in groups or individually) decide the cause of action. Usually they have only up to 2 weeks to formulate their ideas and present them to the Court in question.

====The Court of Delegates====
This is another court that doesn't physically exist, as it forms about a third of the Senate Legislative Chamber with its 135 members. Each national government appoints a Delegate for a 2-year renewable term. Each national parliament elects a minimum of 1 Delegate for a 2-year renewable term. The former take office on even years and the latter on odd years. 

====The Court of Representatives====
The Court of Representatives is constituted by 172 members directly elected by the citizens of the nation in uninomal constituencies for 5-year terms, that constitute the bulk of the Senate Legislative Chamber. Each nation has at least one representative, the others being divided amongst the different nations taking into consideration population, land area and share of GDP. The constituencies are redrawn as possible every 10 years.

===Chamber of Deputees===
Elected for 4 year terms, two-thirds of the 145-member Chamber are elected by a party-list system from candidates within each member nation.

The other third is elected in the same way but on a state level – that is, party lists that are the same for the entire country.

No member of one party may switch to another, without leaving the Chamber, and consequently stopping his representation. When someone dies or leaves office, the candidate with the next most votes takes office. If all the list's members have already at some point taken office then the party whose name was listed decides on a substitute. That person must be investigated by the government prior to taking office.

==Judiciary Branch==
The Judiciary's upper tier courts are the Constitutional Tribunal, the Supreme Tribunal and the Court of Accounts. All the members of the Judiciary are appointed by the Court of Magistrates, previously described. The offices of the Judiciary are incompatible with other public offices except for members of the Courts of the Princes, the Wise and the Elders.

'''The Constitutional Tribunal''' only deals with problems related to the Constitution, it cannot repeal a sentence, but can force for new trials and invalidate legislation. Its President is appointed for 16–year renewable terms. Its 4 members are appointed for 14–year renewable terms.

'''The Supreme Tribunal''' is the supreme court of appeal in the state. Its President is appointed for 15–year non-renewable terms. Its members are appointed for 10–year renewable terms.

'''The Court of Accounts''' analyses all the public accounts and surveys private finances upon request from other courts. Its President is appointed for 14 – year renewable terms and its 4 members for 10–year renewable terms.

There are 3 '''High Courts of Appeals'''. Their Presidents are appointed for 12–year renewable terms, whilst its members are appointed for 8–year renewable terms.

==See Also==
* [[National Political Parties of Italy]]
* [[Local Political Parties of Italy]]
* [[Federal elections in Italy]]

[[Category:Italy]]
[[Category:Government]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chuukese Succession</title>
    <id>926</id>
    <revision>
      <id>12008</id>
      <timestamp>2005-02-21T03:19:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">&lt;b&gt;[[Chuuk|Chuukese]] succession&lt;/b&gt; works on a matrilineal basis.  First in line is the king's eldest sister's eldest son (half-sisters are equal to full sisters if they share a mother with the king), followed by younger sons, and then the king's eldest sister's eldest daughter's eldest son and so on.  If there is no heir through the king's eldest sister, then it goes on down the line through younger sisters, and if there are none, then to a brother.  If there are are none in that line, then to the male descendants in the female line of the king's maternal grandmother (i.e., to the king's maternal aunts' descendants), and then up the line of ancestry up to Nacayama Miyaco (King Toxiyuqui's mother).  Although it is uncertain whether a man descended from King Toxiyuqui's younger sister, Masaco, would be acceptable to the Chuukese, as Masaco remained in Japan when King Toxiyuqui came to Chuuk, bringing his eldest sister Micaco with him.  Female succession is permitted if there are no eligible males.  A female of the Micaco line precedes a male of the Masaco line.

&lt;b&gt;Micaco line&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Crown Prince Toxiyuqui (nephew; born 1983)&lt;br&gt;
Prince Hiroaqui (brother; born 1965)&lt;br&gt;
Princess Rei (sister; born 1968)&lt;br&gt;
Princess Aico (niece; born 1985)&lt;br&gt;
Princess Queico (niece; born 1988)&lt;br&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Masaco line&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Yamada Quei (3rd cousin once removed; born 1979)&lt;br&gt;
Yamada Noboru (3rd cousin once removed; born 1982)&lt;br&gt;
Hayaxibara Sòitxirò (3rd cousin twice removed; born 2003)&lt;br&gt;
Suzuqui Nobutoxi (3rd cousin; born 1959)&lt;br&gt;
Suzuqui Kazuhico (3rd cousin; born 1963)&lt;br&gt;
Suzuqui Issei (3rd cousin; born 1965)&lt;br&gt;
Inowè Lùzo (3rd cousin once removed; born 1989)&lt;br&gt;
Inowè Hideo (3rd cousin once removed; born 1994)&lt;br&gt;
Ixicawa Nobutoxi (3rd cousin twice removed; born 2004)&lt;br&gt;
Ixicawa Djùròta (3rd cousin twice removed; born 2004)&lt;br&gt;
Comaçu Miqui (3rd cousin once removed; born 1985)&lt;br&gt;
---&lt;br&gt;
Yamada Txisato (3rd cousin; born 1957)&lt;br&gt;
Cawaxima Minaco (3rd cousin; born 1961)&lt;br&gt;
Hayaxibara Meico (3rd cousin once removed; born 1981)&lt;br&gt;
Cawaxima Hitomi (3rd cousin once removed; born 1983)&lt;br&gt;
Inowè Megumi (3rd cousin; born 1961)&lt;br&gt;
Inowè Txieco (3rd cousin once removed; born 1991)&lt;br&gt;
Ixicawa Hiroco (3rd cousin once removed; born 1985)&lt;br&gt;
Minami Asaco (3rd cousin once removed; born 1987)&lt;br&gt;
Suzuqui Yùco (3rd cousin; born 1970)&lt;br&gt;
Comaçu Cazue (3rd cousin; born 1962)&lt;br&gt;
Nacahara Nolico (3rd cousin; born 1965)

[[Category:Government]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chuuk</title>
    <id>927</id>
    <revision>
      <id>33634</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-11T05:08:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{Nation infobox}}
|+ &lt;big&gt;'''Kingdom of Chuuk'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|'''Official Languages''' || Chuukese, Japanese
|-
|'''Major Religions''' || 
|-
|'''Capital''' || 
|-
|'''Government type''' || Constitutional monarchy
|-
|'''King''' || Toxiharu
|-
|'''Prime Minister''' || 
|-
|'''Area''' || 
|-
|'''Population''' || 
|-
|'''Independence''' || 1954 (from [[Japan]]
|-
|'''[[Currency]]''' || [[Japanese currency|Lò]]
|-
|'''[[Supranational Organizations]]''' || Part of [[Micronesian Confederation]]
|-
|'''Major Subdivisions''' || 5 Districts
|}
__NOTOC__
The '''Kingdom of Chuuk''' was historically the least centralized, most ungovernable, part of what became the [[Micronesian Confederation]].  The basic - and highest - level of development was the village, averaging 95 people.  Each village was headed by a chief who had little power even over his own village, but served more as a mediator.  Above the level of village there was no higher authority.  Temporary alliances were formed and broken regularly.  Periodically, a great chief would arise who could command the allegiance of many villages, but it was always a personality-based leadership that died with him.

When firearms were introduced, the frequent skirmishes became even more deadly.  The Japanese found Chuuk to be the most unruly of their new protectorates.  Finally, in 1902, after repeated attempts to organize some kind of government from within Chuuk, [[Emperor Meidji]] ordered one Nacayama Toxiyuqui to take over governing.  Governor Nacayama entered the main island of Chuuk with a body of troops.  He ordered that all firearms be turned over, banned alcohol, arrested several chiefs implicated in murder, and announced that henceforth, his word would be law.  The governor divided up his realm into several districts, appointing a chief over the district.  Suprisingly, there was very little resistance from the Chuukese to his rule.  Weapons were turned over willingly, and the people seemed to be happy about his rule.  It seems that the people had been looking for a strong ruler to bring order to their islands.  In 1907, [[Emperor Taixò]] conferred the title of King upon the governor, who thus became King Toxiyuqui.  In a bow to local custom, the king established a matrilineal rule of succession, so that his successor would be his eldest sister's eldest son.  That sister and her children were brought with him to Chuuk, and their descendants still live on the island.  Though King Toxiyuqui was a wise and benevolent ruler, his successor, King Toxicuni I, was not so wise or benevolent.  His rule deteriorated into a dictatorship, and, in 1954, at the same time that Chuuk was released from Japanese protection as part of the Micronesian Confederation, the king was deposed, and in his place, the then-[[Emperor Saisei|Emperor of Japan]] was placed as King of Chuuk, naming as viceroy one Han Hitoxi to excercise his power, who was subsequently raised to King of Chuuk in 1965.  In 1968, the monarch was abolished, and a republic was created.  The republic turned out to be very ineffective, and the Republic of Chuuk proved corrupt and inefficient.  Finally, in 1982, the monarchy was restored, and the 67-year-old Prince Toxinobu, nephew to Toxicuni I, was offered, and accepted, the restored kingship.  Power is divided between the king and an elected legislature, consisting of an elected Council of the People and a Council of Chiefs, elected by the various chiefs of the islands.  Today, the King tends to serve more as a mediator between various local leaders than as a king in the common sense of the word.

==Kings of Chuuk==
===Nacayama Dynasty===
*King Toxiyuqui 1907-1942 (Governor, 1902-1907)
*King Toxicuni I 1942-1954 (nephew)
===Japan Dynasty===
*King [[Emperor Saisei|Akihito]] 1954-1965
===Han dynasty===
*King Hitoxi 1965-1968
'''Interregnum''' (1968-1985)&lt;br&gt;
===Nacayama Dynasty (restored)===
King Toxinobu 1982-1984 (nephew of Toxicuni I)&lt;br&gt;
King Toxicuni II 1984-1989 (cousin)&lt;br&gt;
King Toxiharu 1989- (nephew)&lt;br&gt;

See also: [[Chuukese Succession]]

[[Category:Micronesian Confederation]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Emperor Saisei</title>
    <id>928</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41618</id>
      <timestamp>2006-08-29T19:27:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>minor rewordings, added a Meidjirequi date</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{nation infobox}}
|+&lt;big&gt;'''再生天皇&lt;br&gt;Emperor Saisei'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|'''Relation to {{present Emperor}}:'''||Great Grandfather
|-
|'''Relation to [[Emperor Xòwa|predecessor]]:'''||Son
|-
|'''Relation to [[Empress Gacudai|successor]]:'''||Grandfather
|-
|'''Retired Name''':||再生院&lt;br&gt;Saisei-no-in
|-
|'''Original Name''':||継宮明仁親王&lt;br&gt;Aquihito, Prince Çugu
|-
|'''Emperor of Japan:'''||126th
|-
|'''Date of birth:'''||Xòwa Gannen, Jùitxigaçu 19&lt;br&gt;December 23, 1933
|-
|'''Date of death:'''||Gacudai 3, Nigaçu 6&lt;br&gt;March 11, 2006
|}

'''Emperor Saisei''' was born as His Imperial Highness Aquihito, Prince Çugu (継宮明仁), the first born son of the then-reigning [[Emperor Xòwa]].  From the moment of his birth, he was the Heir Apparent.  He ascended to the Chrysantheum Throne on Saisei Gannen, Itixigaçu 1 (February 4, 1952) at the age of 18, upon his father's abdication in the aftermath of the [[Japanese Civil War]].  He chose the name ''Saisei'' (再生, meaning &quot;rebirth&quot;) for his era to connote his desire to rebuild [[Japan]].

His reign saw Japan's rapid modernization.  He restored the [[Japanese currency|currency]], pegging it to the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] pound.  He became King of [[Corea]] in Saisei 9 (1960), gave Imperial Sanction to a new [[Japanese Government#Constitution of Japan|Constitution]], brought [[Lùquiù]] into the Empire, and, as the finishing touch in his Empire-building, brought [[Ezo]] back to the Imperial fold.  At the start of his reign, however, he granted effective independance to [[Kanawiki]] and [[Nittatò]], as well as a degree of independance to the [[Micronesian Confederation]].

In the civilian sphere, he gained popularity by selling off Imperial land-holdings between Saisei 3 and Saisei 20 (1954-1971).  Less publicized is the fact that, by investing the sales of those lands, the Imperial Family became even wealthier and more powerful, albeit in a more subtle manner.  The early part of his reign was spent rebuilding the infrastructure of a war-torn Japan.  He connected Japan to the Asian mainland by the construction of the [[Japan-Corea Tunnel]].  Under his reign, Japan grew to be an economic and military power to be reckoned with.

His Imperial Majesty lobbied hard for the change in the Imperial [[Succession]] Law to allow his granddaughter, the future [[Empress Gacudai]] to one day succeed to the throne.  The Emperor had two sons, [[Naruhito, Prince Hiro]] (浩宮徳仁) and [[Fumihito, Prince Aquixino]] (秋篠宮文仁)

On Saisei 51, Xitxigaçu 18 (August 23, 2002), terrorists from the radical [[People's Party of Japan|People's Party]], assassinated the then-Crown Prince Hiro, and wounded the Emperor.  Almost two years later, on Saisei 53, Gogaçu 1 (June 5, 2004) the Emperor resigned the throne for reasons of health, stemming from injuries obtained in the terrorist attack, and to enjoy a well-deserved rest after a half-century of service to the people of Japan.

After his retirement, he was reffered to as &quot;(His Majesty) the Retired Emperor&quot; (上皇陛下 Djòcò Heica), &quot;(His Majesty) the Former Emperor&quot; (先皇陛下 Sennò Heica) or &quot;(His Majesty) the Saisei Retired Emperor&quot; (再生院陛下, Saisei-no-in Heica).  Most frequently by the first two, as there were no other living former Emperors to distinguish him from.  He was succeeded by his granddaughter, [[Empress Gacudai]].

On Gacudai 3, Nigaçu 5 (March 11, 2006), he passed away in his sleep.

== Family ==
The Emperor had two sons and one daughter
*[[Naruhito, Prince Hiro]] (February 23, 1956-August 23, 2002)
*[[Fumihito, Prince Aquixino]] (b. January 16, 1960)
*Countess [[Noli Sayaco]] (b. April 18, 1965), m. 2005, Mr. Curoda Itxirò (now Noli Itxirò)


{| border=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=3 style=&quot;background:#eeeeee&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot; rowspan=&quot;5&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Emperor Xòwa|Xòwa]]
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|'''King of [[Chuuk]]'''&lt;br&gt;1952 &amp;ndash; 1965
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Succeeded by:&lt;br&gt;'''Hitoxi'''
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|'''King of [[Kiripati]]'''&lt;br&gt;1952 &amp;ndash; 1985
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|Succeeded by:&lt;br&gt;'''Ieremia'''
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|[[Image:Kanawiki flag.gif|50px]]&lt;br&gt;'''High King of [[Kanawiki]]'''&lt;br&gt;1952 &amp;ndash; 2004
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Succeeded by:&lt;br&gt;'''Kamehameha''' (''acting'')
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|[[Image:TAR-flag.png|50px]]&lt;br&gt;'''President of [[East Asian Federation]]'''&lt;br&gt;1952 &amp;ndash; 2004
|width=&quot;30%&quot; rowspan=&quot;6&quot;|Succeeded by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Empress Gacudai]]'''
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|[[Image:Yamato flag.gif|50px]]&lt;br&gt;'''Emperor of [[Japan]]'''&lt;br&gt;1952 &amp;ndash; 2004
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;''New Title''
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|'''High King of [[Micronesian Confederation|Micronesia]]'''&lt;br&gt;1954 &amp;ndash; 2004
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;'''Chinese Interregnum'''
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|[[Image:Corea flag.gif|50px]]&lt;br&gt;'''King of [[Corea]]'''&lt;br&gt;1960 &amp;ndash; 2004
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;''New Title''
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|[[Image:Luuquiuu flag.gif|50px]]&lt;br&gt;'''Over-King of [[Luuquiuu|Lùquiù]]'''&lt;br&gt;1970 &amp;ndash; 2004
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Nixicawa Çurayuqui]]'''
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|[[Image:Ezo flag.gif|50px]]&lt;br&gt;'''First Citizen of [[Ezo]]'''&lt;br&gt;1992 &amp;ndash; 2004
|}

[[Category:Emperors of Japan|Saisei]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Fumihito, Prince Aquixino</title>
    <id>929</id>
    <revision>
      <id>42256</id>
      <timestamp>2006-09-26T05:09:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Family */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{Nation infobox}}
|+&lt;big&gt;'''秋篠宮文仁親王&lt;br&gt;Aquixino-no-miya Fumihito Xinnò'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|'''Relation to [[Emperor Xigehito|present Emperor]]:'''|| Great Uncle
|-
|'''Imperial Ancestry:'''|| Son of [[Emperor Saisei]]
|-
|'''[[List of Heads of Xinnòque and Òque#Aquixino|Prince Aquixino]]:'''|| 1st
|-
|'''Date of birth:'''|| Saisei 8, Jùnigaçu 12&lt;br&gt;January 16, 1960
|-
|'''Place of birth:'''||
|-
|'''Profession:'''||Head of [[Imperial Space Agency]]
|}

His Imperial Highness '''Fumihito, Prince Aquixino''' is the great uncle of the current [[Emperor Xigehito|Emperor]] of [[Japan]], the secondborn son of [[Emperor Saisei]].  His Imperial Highness was born on Saisei 8, Jùnigaçu 12 (January 16, 1960) with the title Aya-no-miya.  He was given the title Aquixino-no-miya upon his marriage in Saisei 32 (1983).  Until Saisei 44 (1995), he was second in line for the Imperial throne, after his brother, the late [[Naruhito, Prince Hiro|Crown Prince Hiro]].  In that year, the law was changed to permit female succession, moving him to fifth place after the then-Crown Prince's 4 daughters (5 after Saisei 46 (1997)).  Prince Aquixino was one of the strongest opponents of the change.  His opposition increased after his brother's death on Saisei 51 Xitxigaçu 18 (August 23, 2002), when he felt that he should've become the new Crown Prince, rather than his niece, the future [[Empress Gacudai]].

After his revered father abdicated, a succession crisis broke out in the High Kingdom of [[Kanawiki]], and one suggestion made was that Prince Aquixino, as the first in line under the ''old'' law, be made the new High King of Kanawiki.  However, this suggestion was defeated, and instead, the position is now vacant, and will be merged with that of Viceroy, breaking the personal union with the Empire of [[Japan]].  It was felt that, without the personal union, there was no need for a non-Kanawikian High King.

On Gacudai Gannen, Rocugaçu 26 (July 30, 2004), Her Imperial Majesty the Emperor created the Imperial Space Agency, and made Prince Aquixino its head.

== Family ==
Prince Aquixino has three daughters
*[[Princess Sacuraco|Sacuraco]] (b. September 27, 1985)
:Princess Sacuraco is currently a student at Cambridge University in [[England]], studying aerospace engineering
*[[Princess Caco|Caco]] (b. October 7, 1988)
*[[Princess Fudjico|Fudjico]] (b. February 1, 1992)


{| border=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=3 style=&quot;background:#eeeeee&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Ayaco, Princess Òca]]'''
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|'''[[Japanese Succession|Succession to the Chrysanthemum Throne]]'''
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Followed by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Princess Sacuraco]]'''
|}

{| border=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=3 style=&quot;background:#eeeeee&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;''New Title''
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|'''[[List of Heads of Xinnòque and Òque#Aquixino|Prince Aquixino]]'''&lt;br&gt;1983 &amp;ndash;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Heiress presumptive:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Princess Sacuraco|Sacuraco]]'''
|}

[[Category:Japanese Imperial Family]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Naruhito, Prince Hiro</title>
    <id>930</id>
    <revision>
      <id>44288</id>
      <timestamp>2007-01-26T09:44:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{Nation infobox}}
|+&lt;big&gt;''' 浩宮徳仁親王&lt;br&gt;Hiro-no-miya Naruhito Xinnò'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|'''Relation to [[Emperor Xigehito|Present Emperor]]'''||Grandfather
|-
|'''Imperial Ancestry'''||Son of [[Emperor Saisei]]
|-
|'''Title at death'''||Crown Prince
|-
|'''Date of birth'''|| Saisei 5, Itxigaçu 20&lt;br&gt;February 23, 1956
|-
|'''Place of birth'''||Imperial Palace
|-
|'''Date of death'''||Saisei 51, Xitxigaçu 18&lt;br&gt;August 23, 2002
|-
|'''Place of death'''||Imperial Palace
|}

His Imperial Highness '''Naruhito, Prince Hiro''' was the firtborn son of [[Emperor Saisei]] and father of [[Empress Gacudai]].  Prince Hiro was, like his father, Heir Apparent from the moment of his birth.  He was educated at the Gacuin, and earned a master's in history.  As the Heir-Apparent, pressure was great to marry and ensure the continued survival of the imperial line.  He was formally given the title of Crown Prince on Saisei 23, Itxigaçu 1 (February 4, 1974).  In Saisei 28 (1979), he married ... and fathered his first daughter, Aico, Princess Toxi, who later became Empress Gacudai, on Saisei 31, Xigaçu 19 (May 25, 1982).  He eventually fathered four more daughters, but no sons.

On Saisei 51, Xitxigaçu 18 (August 23, 2002), terrorists from the [[People's Party of Japan]], a radical anti-monarchist group, launced a brazen attack in the Imperial Palace itself, several of their members having infiltrated the palace staff.  His Imperial Highness the Crown Prince was brutally murdered, and the then-Emperor was wounded.  The terrorists were promptly killed by the palace guards, and their organization has since been destroyed, many members either executed or imprisoned.  In Saisei 53, a new [[Japanese currency|coin]], called the cò (浩), from an alternate reading of the same kanji used for his title, was released, with a value of 20 fun, to honor the slain prince, only the second coin in Japanese history to bear a face on it.

== Family ==
The late Prince had five daughters
*[[Empress Gacudai]] (May 25, 1982 - August 28, 2006)
*[[Maco, Princess Masaxi]] (b. August 8, 1984)
*[[Queico, Princess Çubaqui]] (b. July 16, 1986)
*[[Çuneco, Princess Heian]] (b. July 16, 1986)
*[[Ayaco, Princess Òca]] (b. April 6, 1997)

[[Category:Japanese Imperial Family]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Maco, Princess Masaxi</title>
    <id>931</id>
    <revision>
      <id>50771</id>
      <timestamp>2008-04-16T07:05:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{nation infobox}}
|+&lt;big&gt;'''正宮眞子内親王'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Masaxi-no-miya Maco Naixinnò'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|'''Relation to {{present Emperor}}:'''|| Aunt
|-
|'''Imperial Ancestry:'''|| Granddaughter of [[Emperor Saisei]]
|-
|'''Date of birth:'''|| Saisei 33, Xitxigaçu 3&lt;br&gt;August 8, 1984
|-
|'''Place of birth:'''|| Quiòto
|-
|'''Profession:'''|| Student
|}

Her Imperial Highness '''Maco, Princess Masaxi''' was formerly the [[Japanese Succession|heiress-presumptive]] to the throne of [[Japan]], the sister of [[Empress Gacudai]], until the birth of her nephews.  She is currently Regent, and succeeded Gacudai to the titles of First Citizen of [[Ezo]] and President of the [[East Asian Federation]].  She is the second daughter of the slain former [[Naruhito, Prince Hiro|Crown Prince]].  She is currently attending [[Quiòto Imperial University]].  She had originally planned to double-major in theater and fine arts, but has changed to political science, though she continues to minor in art, and is generally considered a rather accomplished artist

In her youth, she was known to host many wild parties in her wing of the Imperial Palace, and had often stated a reluctance to accept her position as heir-presumptive.

Despite this reputation for wildness, however, Her Highness is blessed with a great intelligence.  Hataqueda Tomohico, a well-known biographer of the Imperial Family, believed that she will surprise her critics if given a position of responsibility, which she began to show during her sister's reign.

== Rumors ==
Princess Masaxi is a perennial favorite of the tabloids, who have frequently connected her with one or another celebrity, both male and female.  Two years ago, one tabloid reported that she had become pregnant.  The tabloid was required to pay 100,000 [[Japanese currency|lò]] for libel.


{| border=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=3 style=&quot;background:#eeeeee&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Emperor Go-Meidji|Yasuhito]]'''&lt;br&gt;(1920-1922)
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|'''Imperial Regent'''&lt;br&gt;2006&amp;ndash;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Succeeded by:&lt;br&gt;''Incumbent''
|}


{| border=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=3 style=&quot;background:#eeeeee&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Empress Gacudai]]'''
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|[[Image:Ezo flag.gif|50px]]&lt;br&gt;'''First Citizen of [[Ezo]]'''&lt;br&gt;2006&amp;ndash;
|width=&quot;30%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Heiress-Presumptive:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Queico, Princess Çubaqui]]'''
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|[[Image:TAR-flag.png|50px]]&lt;br&gt;'''President of [[East Asian Federation]]'''&lt;br&gt;2006&amp;ndash;
|}


{| border=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=3 style=&quot;background:#eeeeee&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Prince Nolihito]]'''
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|'''[[Japanese Succession|Succession to the Chrysanthemum Throne]]'''
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Followed by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Queico, Princess Çubaqui]]'''
|}

[[Category:Japanese Imperial Family]]
[[Category:Incumbents]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Muke</title>
    <id>932</id>
    <revision>
      <id>12015</id>
      <timestamp>2005-05-25T19:18:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elemtilas</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">I'm Muke Tever.  

http://frath.net/

No. 44 on [[The List]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Japanese Succession</title>
    <id>933</id>
    <revision>
      <id>42274</id>
      <timestamp>2006-09-26T06:16:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Current Order */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">The current line of succession to the throne of [[Japan]].  Italics indicate minors, who would need a regent were they to ascend.

== Current Order ==
# ''学仁親王 [[Prince Nolihito]]'' (brother) &lt;!-- born May 24, 2006, second of twins --&gt;
# 正宮眞子内親王 [[Maco, Princess Masaxi]] (aunt) &lt;!-- born August 8, 1984 --&gt;
# 椿宮恵子内親王 [[Queico, Princess Çubaqui]] (aunt) &lt;!-- born July 16, 1986, eldest of twins --&gt;
# 平安宮恒子内親王 [[Çuneco, Princess Heian]] (aunt) &lt;!-- born July 16, 1986, second of twins --&gt;
# ''桜花宮綾子内親王 [[Ayaco, Princess Òca]]'' (aunt) &lt;!-- born April 1, 1997 --&gt;
# 秋篠宮文仁親王 [[Fumihito, Prince Aquixino]] (great uncle) &lt;!-- born January 16, 1960 --&gt;
# 桜子内親王 [[Princess Sacuraco]] (1st cousin once removed; eldest daughter of Prince Aquixino) &lt;!-- born September 27, 1985 --&gt;
# ''佳子内親王 [[Princess Caco]]'' (1st cousin once removed; 2nd daughter of Prince Aquixino) &lt;!-- born October 7, 1988 --&gt;
# ''富士子内親王 [[Princess Fudjico]]'' (1st cousin once removed; 3rd daughter of Prince Aquixino) &lt;!-- born February 1, 1992 --&gt;
# 常陸宮正仁親王 [[Masahito, Prince Hitatxi]] (great great-uncle; younger brother of [[Emperor Saisei]]) &lt;!-- born November 28, 1935 --&gt;
# 秩父宮卯仁親王 [[Xigehito, Prince Txitxibu]] (1st cousin thrice removed; son of [[Emperor Go-Meidji]]) &lt;!-- born 1930 --&gt;
# 和成親王 [[Prince Kazunali]] (2nd cousin twice removed; son of Xigehito) &lt;!-- born 1973 --&gt;
# ''悟成王 [[Prince Satonali]]'' (3rd cousin once removed; son of Kazunali) &lt;!-- born 1996 --&gt;
# 宇治宮平成親王 [[Hiranali, Prince Udji]] (2nd cousin twice removed; son of Xigehito) &lt;!-- born 1975 --&gt;
# 泰子内親王 [[Princess Quiòco]] (2nd cousin twice removed; daughter of Xigehito) &lt;!-- born 1976 --&gt;
# 三笠宮崇仁親王 [[Tacahito, Prince Micasa]] (great-great-great-uncle; younger brother of [[Emperor Xòwa]]) &lt;!-- born December 2, 1915 --&gt;
# 寛仁親王 [[Prince Tomohito]] (1st cousin thrice removed; eldest son of Prince Micasa) &lt;!-- born January 5, 1946 --&gt;
# 瑶子女王 [[Princess Yuco]] (2nd cousin twice removed; 2nd daughter of Tomohito) &lt;!-- born October 25, 1983 --&gt;
# 桂宮宜仁親王 [[Yoxihito, Prince Caçura]] (1st cousin thrice removed; 2nd son of Prince Micasa) &lt;!-- born February 11, 1948 --&gt;
# 高円宮承子内親王 [[Çuguco, Princess Tacamado]] (2nd cousin twice removed; eldest daughter of deceased [[Nolihito, Prince Tacamado]]) &lt;!-- born March 6, 1986 --&gt;
# 典子女王 [[Princess Nolico]] (2nd cousin twice removed; 2nd daughter of deceased Nolihito, Prince Tacamado) &lt;!-- born July 21, 1988 --&gt;
# ''絢子女王 [[Princess Ayaco]]'' (2nd cousin twice removed; 3rd daughter of deceased Nolihito, Prince Tacamado &lt;!-- born September 15, 1990 --&gt;
# 有栖川宮全仁親王 [[Masahito, Prince Alisugawa]] (Father, Head of Alisugawa branch) &lt;!-- born February 2, 1980 --&gt;
# 伏見宮博明親王  [[Hiroaqui, Prince Fuximi]] (Head of Fuximi branch) &lt;!-- born January 29, 1932 --&gt;
# 閑院宮胖仁親王 [[Naohito, Prince Cañin]] (Head of Cañin branch) &lt;!-- born Xòwa 10, Djùgaçu 27 (November 24, 1934) --&gt;
# 東久邇宮信彦親王 [[Nobuhico, Prince Higaxi-Cuni]] (2nd cousin thrice removed; Head of Higaxi-Cuni branch) &lt;!-- born March 9, 1944 --&gt;
# 東山宮勤親王 [[Çutomu, Prince Higaxiyama]] (3rd cousin twice removed; Head of Higaxiyama branch)
# 熊沢宮高信親王 [[Tacanobu, Prince Cumazawa]] (Distant cousin; Head of [[Cumazawa]] branch) &lt;!-- born October 14, 1917 --&gt;
# 南北宮靖広親王 [[Yasuhiro, Prince Nambocu]] (2nd cousin twice removed; eldest son of Masaco, daughter of Prince Micasa, and Matahito of the [[Cumazawa]] branch) &lt;!-- born 1984 --&gt;

== Principles ==
Succession is according to male lines among the descendants of [[Emperor Meidji]], with sons taking precedence over daughters.  If the Meidji lineage should die out, then the head of one of the branch families would succeed, in the following order:
#Alisugawa
#Fuximi
#Cañin
#Higaxi-Cuni
#Higaxiyama
#Cumazawa
#Nambocu

== Recent Changes ==
In Saisei 44 (1995), the law was revised to allow women in the Imperial Succession.

On Saisei 51 Xitxigaçu 18 (August 23, 2002), former [[Naruhito, Prince Hiro|Crown Prince Hiro]] was slain by members of the People's Party of Japan, a radical anti-monarchist group, in a terrorist attack at the Imperial Palace, which also wounded His Imperial Majesty the Emperor.  Two servants were also killed.  Those responsible have since been executed, and their supporters imprisoned.

On Saisei 53, Gogaçu 2 (June 6, 2004), [[Emperor Saisei]] resigned the throne, beginning the Gacudai reign.

On Gacudai 3, Xitxigaçu 23 (August 28, 2006), [[Empress Gacudai]] was assassinated in [[Lyons-sur-Mizouri]] along with First President [[Jean-François Young]] of [[Louisianne]].

On Consai Gannen, Hatxigaçu 17 (September 21, 2006), [[Maco, Princess Masaxi|Princess Regent Maco]] promoted Prince Higaxiyama to ''xinnò'' status.

== See Also ==
*[[Japanese Imperial Family]]
*[[Succession]]

[[Category:Japanese Imperial Family|*]]
[[Category:Government]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cumazawa</title>
    <id>934</id>
    <revision>
      <id>42034</id>
      <timestamp>2006-09-18T08:45:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">The '''Cumazawa House''' (熊沢) is a branch of the [[Japanese Imperial Family|Imperial Family]].  It is currently lead by HIH [[Tacanobu, Prince Cumazawa]].

The origins of the Cumazawa branch date back to the Daicacudji branch of the Imperial Family, which alternated power with the Djimiòin branch from 1260 until 1331, when [[Wikipedia:Emperor Go-Daigo|Emperor Go-Daigo]] was deposed, beginning, a few years later (1336) the Northern and Southern Courts period, when two rival claimants to the throne existed in Japan.  This lasted until 1392, when the Southern Emperor, [[Wikipedia:Emperor Go-Kameyama|Gocameyama]], returned the Imperial regalia to Quiòto, and ended the Southern Court's existence.  The descendants of the Southern Emperors took the surname Cumazawa, and disappeared from history until the Meidji era.  In Meidji 39 (1906), the Southern Court were recognized as the legitimate heirs, but the head, Cumazawa Taizen, was offered only a barony, which he declined.  The official records list the Southern Court as the legitimate Emperors during the Northern and Southern Courts period, with the Northern Emperors considered pretenders to the throne.  Thus far, history is the same as *here*.

They returned to the historical stage during the Xòwa era, beginning in Xòwa 5 (1937), when Cumazawa Hiromitxi, father of the current head of the house, began to call for the abdication of [[Emperor Xòwa]], and the restoration of his lineage to the throne.  This eventually led to the [[Japanese Civil War]] of Xòwa 10-19 (1942-1951).  One of the articles of the treaty ending that war granted Cumazawa Hiromitxi and his descedants recognition as the Cumazawa branch of the Imperial Family, and assurance of permanent existence.  The agreement also placed the Cumazawa branch in the [[Japanese Succession|line of succession]].

[[Category:Japanese Imperial Family]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tacanobu, Prince Cumazawa</title>
    <id>935</id>
    <revision>
      <id>42154</id>
      <timestamp>2006-09-22T03:28:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{Nation infobox}}
|+&lt;big&gt;''' 熊沢宮高信親王&lt;br&gt;Cumazawa-no-miya Tacanobu Xinnò'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|'''Relation to [[Emperor Xigehito|Present Emperor]]'''|| Distant Cousin
|-
|'''[[List of Heads of Xinnòque and Òque#Cumazawa|Prince Cumazawa]]'''|| 2nd
|-
|'''Date of birth'''|| Taixò 12, Cugaçu 19&lt;br&gt;October 14, 1917
|-
|'''Place of birth'''|| 
|-
|'''Profession'''|| 
|}

His Imperial Highness '''Tacanobu, Prince Cumazawa''' is the so-called &quot;Other Emperor of Japan&quot;.  He is the current head of the [[Cumazawa]] branch of the Imperial House.

His Imperial Highness has 3 sons and 1 daughter, 3 grandsons, 2 granddaughters and 1 great-granddaughter.  Prince Cumazawa has proposed returning to the 1392 agreement to alternate power between the two branches.  Neither [[Empress Gacudai]] nor her [[Emperor Saisei|grandfather]] showed any interest in reviving that agreement.  As *here*, there are still some supporters of the Cumazawa claim, but very few.  Perhaps even fewer than *here*, as he does not have the populist angle of *here*'s Takanobu, being now a member of the Imperial House.

He became Prince Cumazawa upon the death of his father in Saisei 15 (1966)

He is the great-grandfather of [[Yasuhiro, Prince Nambocu]].


{| border=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=3 style=&quot;background:#eeeeee&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Çutomu, Prince Higaxiyama]]'''
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|'''[[Japanese Succession|Succession to the Chrysanthemum Throne]]'''
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Followed by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Yasuhiro, Prince Nambocu]]'''
|}

{| border=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=3 style=&quot;background:#eeeeee&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Hiromitxi, Prince Cumazawa|Hiromitxi]]'''
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|'''[[List of Heads of Xinnòque and Òque#Cumazawa|Prince Cumazawa]]'''&lt;br&gt;1966 &amp;ndash;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Heir apparent:&lt;br&gt;'''Macoto'''
|}

[[Category:Japanese Imperial Family]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Japanese Civil War</title>
    <id>936</id>
    <revision>
      <id>60495</id>
      <timestamp>2009-07-14T21:20:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Benkarnell</username>
        <id>190</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>This was fought during GW2 and was intertwined with it</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">The '''[[Japan|Japanese]] Civil War''' was fought between Imperial Year 2602-2611 (AD 1942-1951), Xòwa 10-19 in the official records, Xinwa Gannen-10 in the rival's records.  It was fought between supporters of the main line of the Imperial House, represented by [[Emperor Xòwa]], and the [[Cumazawa]] branch, represented by the pretender [[Hiromitxi, Prince Cumazawa|Xinwa]].  

The war broke out over the issue of Xòwa's loyalty to [[China]].  Beginning in Xòwa 5 (1937), Cumazawa Hiromitxi began publically criticizing the Emperor, and his entire lineage.  Cumazawa claimed that Japan's problems would only end once the corrupt Northern Court lineage was removed, and the purer Southern Court restored to power.  It goes without saying that this was very unpopular among the government leaders, and they moved to arrest Cumazawa.  Cumazawa fled to the countryside, finding support in northern Tòhocu.  There he established himself as the Xinwa Emperor (真和天皇) at the city of Aquita, in [[Aquita Province]], and organized an army.

The initial stages of the civil war had no real battle front, as Cumazawa's supporters were scattered throughout the Empire.  But, soon, only the northernmost part of Honxù, and southern Hoccaidò, remained loyal to him.  Southern Hoccaidò was soon lost to the breakaway [[Republic of Ezo]].  Initially, the Cumazawa hopes seemed doomed to failure, but then, several major generals betrayed the Xòwa Emperor and sided with the Xinwa Pretender.  Guerilla support throughout the Xòwa-held area also helped the Xinwa Pretender.  His fortunes turned around, and his armies soon began marching southward, capturing Tòquiò in Xòwa 14/Xinwa 5 (1946), forcing the Emperor and his family, and most of the government, to flee south to the historic capital of [[Quiòto]].

The Xinwa Pretender occupied the Imperial Palace and moved his government to Tòquiò.  The heighth of the Xinwa fortunes was in Xòwa 16/Xinwa 7 (1948), when their control stretched down into the Txùbu region.  However, they were held there along a line stretching from Ixicawa through Gifu and into Aitxi.  However, despite their advantages in ground combat, they had very little naval strength, which was quickly brushed aside by the Xòwa navy.  A total blockade of the Xinwa region, combined with the war damage of their territories and lack of silver, weakened the Xinwa forces.  They were unable to produce weapons fast enough to meet the Xòwa forces, and were also going hungry.

The Xòwa forces began pushing northward, reaching Tòquiò and surrounding in Xòwa 19/Xinwa 10 (1951).  The Xinwa pretender surrendered, to avoid further damage to Tòquio, and signed a treaty with the Xòwa Emperor agreeing to recognize the legitimacy of the Northern Court's descendants (the main line), in exchange for which the Cumazawa branch was given recognition as Imperial Family members, their branch protected from disestablishment, and inserted them into the [[Japanese Succession|line of succession]].  In addition, Xòwa consented to abdicate at the end of the year in favor of his son, Crown Prince [[Emperor Saisei|Aquihito]], who became the new Emperor.  It was also agreed that a new constitution would be written.  The Cumazawa won a few concessions in the new constitution.

[[Category:Japan]]
[[Category:Wars]]
[[Category:History]]
[[Category:Second Great War]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Yasuhiro, Prince Nambocu</title>
    <id>937</id>
    <revision>
      <id>42039</id>
      <timestamp>2006-09-18T08:56:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{Nation infobox}}
|+&lt;big&gt;'''南北宮靖広親王&lt;br&gt;Nambocu-no-miya Yasuhiro Xinnò'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|'''Relation to {{present Emperor}}'''|| 2nd cousin twice removed
|-
|'''Imperial Ancestry'''||Great-grandson of [[Emperor Taixò]] (through mother)
|-
|'''[[List of Heads of Xinnòque and Òque#Nambocu|Prince Nambocu]]'''|| 1st
|-
|'''Date of birth'''|| Saisei 33, Rocugaçu 25&lt;br&gt;July 29, 1984
|-
|'''Place of birth'''||
|-
|'''Profession'''||Student
|}

His Imperial Highness '''Yasuhiro, Prince Nambocu''' is the eldest son of Prince Matahito, who is the 3rd son of [[Tacanobu, Prince Cumazawa|Prince Cumazawa]].  His mother is Princess Masaco of Micasa, daughter of [[Tacahito, Prince Micasa|Prince Micasa]].  He therefore represents a union of the two courts, hence his title Nambocu-no-miya, Nambocu means &quot;South and North&quot;.

Prince Nambocu is currently studying at the Imperial University in Quiòto.  On Gacudai Gannen, Rocugaçu 25 (July 28, 2004), [[Empress Gacudai]] gave him the title of Nambocu-no-miya and permission to found a new branch of the Imperial Family.


{| border=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=3 style=&quot;background:#eeeeee&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Tacanobu, Prince Cumazawa]]'''
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|'''[[Japanese Succession|Succession to the Chrysanthemum Throne]]'''
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Followed by:&lt;br&gt;''None''
|}

{| border=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=3 style=&quot;background:#eeeeee&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;''New title''
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|'''[[List of Heads of Xinnòque and Òque#Nambocu|Prince Nambocu]]'''&lt;br&gt;2004 &amp;ndash;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Heir to title:&lt;br&gt;''None''
|}

[[Category:Japanese Imperial Family]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Naohito, Prince Cañin</title>
    <id>938</id>
    <revision>
      <id>42152</id>
      <timestamp>2006-09-22T03:22:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Family */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{Nation infobox}}
|+&lt;big&gt;''' 閑院宮胖仁親王&lt;br&gt;Cañin-no-miya Naohito Xinnò'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|'''Relation to {{present Emperor}}'''||Great Grandfather
|-
|'''[[List of Heads of Xinnòque and Òque#Cañin|Prince Cañin]]'''|| 8th
|-
|'''Date of birth'''|| Xòwa 2, Djùgaçu 20&lt;br&gt;November 24, 1934
|-
|'''Place of birth'''||
|-
|'''Profession'''||Imperial Naval Captain (retired)
|}

His Imperial Highness '''Naohito, Prince Cañin''' is the great grandfather of the {{present Emperor}}.  He gained the title on Saisei 37, Gogaçu 14 (June 18, 1988) upon the death of his father, Prince Cañin Haruhito.  He served in the [[Japanese military|Imperial Navy]] from the age of 18 until his retirement at the age of 62.  At his retirement, he held the rank of Captain, commanding the aircraft carrier ''HIJMS Còya''.

== Family ==
Prince Cañin has four children, two sons and two daughters
*[[Prince Ayahito|Ayahito]] (b. 1957), 2 sons
*''Tanaca Meico'' (b. 1959), 3 sons
*Hicaruhito, Prince Ise (b. 1961), 1 daughter
*''Xiquixima Yùco'' (b. 1964), 2 daughters


{| border=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=3 style=&quot;background:#eeeeee&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Hiroaqui, Prince Fuximi]]
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|'''[[Japanese Succession|Succession to the Chrysanthemum Throne]]'''
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Followed by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Nobuhico, Prince Higaxi-Cuni]]'''
|}

{| border=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=3 style=&quot;background:#eeeeee&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;'''Haruhito'''
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|'''[[List of Heads of Xinnòque and Òque#Cañin|Prince Cañin]]'''&lt;br&gt;1988 &amp;ndash;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Heir-apparent:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Prince Ayahito|Ayahito]]
|}

[[Category:Japanese Imperial Family]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Masahito, Prince Alisugawa</title>
    <id>939</id>
    <revision>
      <id>42263</id>
      <timestamp>2006-09-26T05:18:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{Nation infobox}}
|+&lt;big&gt;''' 有栖川宮全仁親王&lt;br&gt;Alisugawa-no-miya Masahito Xinnò'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|'''Relation to {{present Emperor}}:'''|| Father
|-
|'''[[List of Heads of Xinnòque and Òque#Alisugawa|Prince Alisugawa]]:'''|| 12th
|-
|'''Date of birth:'''|| Saisei 28, Djùnigaçu 29&lt;br&gt;February 2, 1980
|-
|'''Place of birth:'''||
|-
|'''Profession:'''||
|}

'''Masahito, Prince Alisugawa''' is the 12&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; head of the Alisugawa branch-family and the father of the {{present Emperor}}.

Prince Alisugawa is the eldest son of [[Prince Ayahito]], eldest son of [[Naohito, Prince Cañin]].  He is a graduate of Quiòto Imperial University, possessing a master's in linguistics.  On Gacudai Gannen, Hatxigacu 13 (September 17, 2004), he was engaged to the then-[[Empress Gacudai|Empress]], receiving the title Prince Alisugawa, reviving the title which had been extinct since Nobuhito, Prince Tacamaçu died in Saisei 38 (1989).  Tacamaçu had been the original title of the Alisugawa house, which was descended from Yoxihito, Prince Tacamaçu, younger brother of the 108&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Emperor, Go-Mizuno'o.

He married Empress Gacudai on Gacudai 2, Gogaçu 2 (June 7, 2005).  On Gacudai 3, Xigaçu 18 (May 25, 2006), he became a father when his twin sons, the present Emperor and [[Prince Nolihito]] were born.  Three months later, he became a widower, and his eldest son became Emperor upon the double-assassination of Empress Gacudai and [[Jean-François Young]].


{| border=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=3 style=&quot;background:#eeeeee&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Princess Ayaco]]'''
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|'''[[Japanese Succession|Succession to the Chrysanthemum Throne]]'''
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Followed by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Hiroaqui, Prince Fuximi]]'''
|}

{| border=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=3 style=&quot;background:#eeeeee&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Nobuhito, Prince Tacamaçu]]'''
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|'''[[List of Heads of Xinnòque and Òque#Alisugawa|Prince Alisugawa]]'''&lt;br&gt;2004&amp;ndash;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Heir:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Prince Nolihito|Nolihito]]'''
|}

[[Category:Japanese Imperial Family]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Emperor Meidji</title>
    <id>941</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41485</id>
      <timestamp>2006-08-29T02:25:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{nation infobox}}
|+&lt;big&gt;'''明治天皇&lt;br&gt;Emperor Meidji'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|'''Relation to [[Emperor Xigehito|present Emperor]]:'''||Great great great great grandfather
|-
|'''Relation to [[Emperor Còmei|predecessor]]:'''||Son
|-
|'''Relation to [[Emperor Taixò|successor]]:'''||Father
|-
|'''Original Name''':||祐宮睦仁親王&lt;br&gt;Muçuhito, Prince Satxi
|-
|'''Emperor of Japan:'''|| 122nd
|-
|'''Date of birth:'''|| Caei 5 Cugaçu 29&lt;br&gt;November 3, 1852
|-
|'''Date of death:'''|| Meidji 39, Rocugaçu 7&lt;br&gt;July 12, 1906
|}

'''Emperor Meidji''' was the surviving son of [[Emperor Còmei]] (reigned 1846-1866) by lady-in-waiting Nacayama Yoxico.  Meidji was only a few years old when [[Montrei]] [[Opening up of Japan|opened up]] [[Japan]] to the rest of the world.

When he was born, Japan was a loose-knit confederation of semi-independant fiefdoms (''han'').  At his death, Japan was a mighty Empire, possessing territory in Asia and North America.

He became Emperor on Guendji 3, Djùnigaçu 30 (February 3, 1867) upon the death of his father.

The Emperor became the titular head of the Meidji Restoration, a series of changes that modernized the Empire, and initiated a parliamentary system, although actual power was in the hands of the oligarchs for some time.

On Guendji 4, Xitxigaçu 28 (September 2, 1867), the young Emperor married Lady Haruco, 3rd daughter of Lord Itxidjò Tadaca, Minister of the Left.  She became the first Imperial Consort to receive the title cògò (Empress) in several centuries, although she bore Meidji no children.

He passed away on Meidji 39, Rocugaçu 7 (July 12, 1906), passing the throne on to his only surviving son, [[Emperor Taixò]].

== Family ==
The Emperor fathered some 15 children by five different ladies-in-waiting, only 5 of whom (1 son and 4 daughters) survived to adulthood.  His surviving children were:
*[[Emperor Taixò]] (August 31, 1879-November 27, 1922) - 3rd son
*Princess Masaco, 6th daughter, (September 30, 1888–March 8, 1940), titled Princess Çune until marriage; m. at Imperial Palace, [[Edo|Tòquiò]], April 30, 1908 Çunehisa, Prince Taqueda (September 22, 1882–April 23, 1919), and had issue.
*Princess Fusaco, 7th daughter, (January 28, 1890–August 11, 1974), titled Princess Cane until marriage; m. at Imperial Palace, Tòquiò April 29, 1909 Naruhisa, Prince Quitaxiracawa (April 1, 1887–April 2, 1923), and had issue.
*Princess Nobuco, 8th daughter, (August 7, 1891–November 3, 1933); titled Princess Fami until marriage; m. at Imperial Palace, Tòquiò May 6, 1909 Prince [[Yasuhico, Prince Asaca]] (October 2, 1887–April 13, 1981), and had issue.
*Princess Toxico, 9th daughter, (May 11, 1896–March 5, 1978); titled Princess Yasu until marriage; m. at Imperial Palace, Tòquiò May 18, 1915 [[Naruhico, Prince Higaxi-Cuni]] (December 3, 1887–January 20, 1990), and had issue.


{| border=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=3 style=&quot;background:#eeeeee&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Emperor Còmei|Còmei]]'''
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|[[Image:Yamato flag.gif|50px]]&lt;br&gt;'''Emperor of [[Japan]]'''&lt;br&gt;1867 &amp;ndash; 1906
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Succeeded by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Emperor Taixò|Taixò]]'''
|}

[[Category:Emperors of Japan|Meidji]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Emperor Taixò</title>
    <id>942</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41486</id>
      <timestamp>2006-08-29T02:25:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{nation infobox}}
|+&lt;big&gt;'''大正天皇&lt;br&gt;Emperor Taixò'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|'''Relation to [[Emperor Xigehito|present Emperor]]'''||Great great great grandfather
|-
|'''Relation to [[Emperor Meidji|predecessor]]:'''||Son
|-
|'''Relation to [[Emperor Go-Meidji|successor]]:'''||Father
|-
|'''Original Name''':||明宮嘉仁親王&lt;br&gt;Yoxihito, Prince Haru
|-
|'''Emperor of Japan:'''|| 123rd
|-
|'''Date of birth:'''|| Meidji 12, Xitxigaçu 26&lt;br&gt;August 31, 1879
|-
|'''Date of death:'''|| Taixò 17, Djùgaçu 19&lt;br&gt;November 23, 1922
|}

'''Emperor Taixò''' was the only surviving son of [[Emperor Meidji]].  He is the ancestor of the main lineage of the modern [[Japanese Imperial Family|Imperial Family]].  Shortly after birth, the infant Heir Apparent contracted meningitis, which left him mentally and physically crippled.  During his reign, he excercised no power, power being held by his advisors, and later his sons as Regents.  It was later determined that the cause of his death was poisoning by anti-Chinese factions, possibly with the knowledge of the future [[Emperor Go-Meidji]].  He reiged from the death of his father, on Meidji 39, Rocugaçu 7 (July 12, 1906) until his own death on Taixò 17, Djùgaçu 19 (November 23, 1922), when he was succeeded by his second son, who became Emperor Go-Meidji

== Family ==
Taixò had four sons
*[[Emperor Xòwa]] (April 29, 1901-May 4, 1967), had issue
*[[Emperor Go-Meidji]] (May 26, 1902–January 4, 1953)
*[[Nobuhito, Prince Tacamaçu]] (March 1, 1905–February 3, 1987)
*[[Tacahito, Prince Micasa]], had issue (b. December 2, 1915)


{| border=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=3 style=&quot;background:#eeeeee&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;''New Title''
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|[[Image:TAR-flag.png|50px]]&lt;br&gt;'''President of [[East Asian Federation]]'''&lt;br&gt;1912 &amp;ndash; 1922
|width=&quot;30%&quot; rowspan=2|Succeeded by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Emperor Go-Meidji|Go-Meidji]]'''
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Emperor Meidji|Meidji]]'''
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|[[Image:Yamato flag.gif|50px]]&lt;br&gt;'''Emperor of [[Japan]]'''&lt;br&gt;1906 &amp;ndash; 1922
|}

[[Category:Emperors of Japan|Taixo]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Emperor Xòwa</title>
    <id>943</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41490</id>
      <timestamp>2006-08-29T02:28:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{nation infobox}}
|+&lt;big&gt;'''昭和天皇&lt;br&gt;Emperor Xòwa'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|'''Relation to [[Emperor Xigehito|present Emperor]]:'''||Great great Grandfather
|-
|'''Relation to [[Emperor Go-Meidji|predecessor]]:'''||Elder brother
|-
|'''Relation to [[Emperor Saisei|successor]]:'''||Father
|-
|'''Original Name''':||迪宮裕仁親王&lt;br&gt;Hirohito, Prince Mitxi
|-
|'''Order:'''|| 125th Emperor of Japan
|-
|'''Date of birth:'''|| Meidji 34, Sañgaçu 24&lt;br&gt;April 29, 1901
|-
|'''Date of death:'''|| Saisei 16, Nigaçu 29&lt;br&gt;May 4, 1967
|}

'''Emperor Xòwa''' was the great-great-grandfather of the [[Emperor Xigehito|reigning Emperor]], and the father of [[Emperor Saisei]].  He was the first-born son of the then-Crown Prince and future [[Emperor Taixò]], and the grandson of the then-reigning [[Emperor Meidji]].  He reigned from Xòwa Gannen, Nigaçu 2 (March 7, 1933), when his younger brother, [[Emperor Go-Meidji]] was deposed, until Xòwa 19, Djùnigaçu 30 (February 3, 1952) when he voluntarily abdicated the throne.

The young prince was educated in the Gacúin, or Peers' School.  When he was only 5 years old, he became heir-apparent when his grandfather passed away, beginning the reign of Emperor Taixò, beginning an era during which the Emperor became a figurehead, as the Emperor was sickly and unintelligent, a victim of brain damage stemming from a meningitis infection shortly after his birth.  Prince Mitxi, as he was known at the time, was determined that he would truely rule Japan when he ascended the Chrysantheum Throne.  In 1919, shortly after his 18th birthday, he was proclaimed Regent for this father.  During the Chinese Interlude, his education was controlled by [[China]], who was determined that the prince would become a Chinese puppet.  In Taixò 15 (1920), he was stripped of the titles of Crown Prince and Regent, which were instead given to his brother, Prince Açu, as Japan became hostile towards China.  Prince Mitxi conspired with pro-Chinese factions in the Court and the Parliament to restore himself to the position of Crown Prince.  Prince Txitxibu became Emperor after his father's death (poisoned by Prince Txitxibu's supporters - whether the prince knew about it or not has been debated to this day), and Prince Mitxi became even more determined to replace his younger brother.  In Go-meidji 12 (1933), the Chinese broke out of Yokohama, seizing the Imperial Palace in what was then called Tòquiò (modern-day [[Edo]]).  On Go-meidji 12, Nigaçu 2 (March 7, 1933) the Emperor was forced to abdicate, and Prince Mitxi became Emperor, choosing as the name of his reign Xòwa (Enlightened Peace).  The Parliament and cabinet were, with the Emperor's approval and assistance, dissolved and replaced with pro-Chinese members.  With Chinese help, the Emperor innaugurated the so-called Xòwa Restoration, a restoral of direct (or nearly direct) imperial rule.  When the [[Great Oriental War]] broke out in Xòwa 5 (1937), the Emperor ordered imperial forces to attack the city of Naha, in Lùquiù, at the time a major European freeport, and a major base of operations for Australasia.  The city was almost completely leveled.  The Emperor began to regret his decision to ally with the Chinese, and tried to extricate himself from the war.  The destruction of Nagasaqui, and rumors of an alliance between the Japanese Emperor and the Chinese Emperor, caused great resentment among the people, leading to an uprising in support of [[Hiromitxi, Prince Cumazawa|Prince Cumazawa]], which became the [[Japanese Civil War]].

In Xòwa 19 (1951), the Emperor agreed to abdicate at the end of the year in favor of his son, Emperor Saisei.  The Emperor took the title Xòwa-no-in (Retired Emperor Xòwa) for his retirement.

Xòwa was initially extremely unpopular, blamed for the Civil War and the Chinese Interlude.  For many years after his retirement, he never showed his face outside of the Imperial Palace, now in [[Quiòto]].  He and his brother, Retired Emperor Go-Meidji, remained hostile towards each other for the rest of their lives.  Xòwa eventually returned to his private passion, biology, and particularly marine biology.  While he always remained an amateur, he was not without accomplishment, publishing many papers under the name Xòwa-no-In.  He used his wealth to fund underwater exploration, and other scientific expeditions around the world, taking part himself in 2 submarine expeditions, and one trip to the Amazon, which proved fatal for the former Emperor.  He was bitten by a poisonous insect (ironically, a here-to-fore unknown species which was posthumously named after the former Emperor, ''Xowa fatalis'') and died on Saisei 16, Nigaçu 29 (May 4, 1967).  His birthday was posthumously made into a holiday, Love of Nature Day by Imperial Decree on Saisei 16, Xigaçu 8 (May 14, 1967), and confirmeda few weeks later by the Parliament.  His popularity grew after his death, though he remains a controversial figure to this day.

== Family ==
In 1927, the then-Prince Mitxi married [[Yun Ying]] (1909 - 1996), a younger sister of Emperor [[Xuantong]] of [[China]], and had three daughters and two sons
*Cazuco (September 30, 1929-May 26, 1989), m. May 5, 1950, Tacaçucasa Toximitxi (August 26, 1923-January 27, 1966), eldest son of Tacaçucasa Nobusuque, a peer; originally titled Princess Taca
*Açuco (b. March 7, 1931), m. October 10, 1952 Mr. Iqueda Tacamasa (b. October 21, 1927), eldest son of Marquis Nobumasa Ikeda; originally titled Princess Yoli
*[[Emperor Saisei]] (b. December 23, 1933), m. April 10, 1959 ???
*[[Masahito, Prince Hitatxi]] (b. November 28, 1935), m. October 30, 1964 Miss Çugaru Hanaco (b. July 19, 1940), fourth daughter of Count Çugaru Yoxitaca
*Tacaco (b. March 2, 1939), m. March 3, 1960 Ximazu Hisanaga, son of Count Ximazu Hisanoli; originally titled Princess Suga


{| border=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=3 style=&quot;background:#eeeeee&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;'''Conoe Tadahira'''&lt;br&gt;(1862-1863)
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|'''Imperial Regent'''&lt;br&gt;1919-1920
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|Succeeded by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Emperor Go-Meidji|Yasuhito, Prince Açu]]'''
|}


{| border=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=3 style=&quot;background:#eeeeee&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;30%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Preceded by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Emperor Go-Meidji|Go-Meidji]]'''
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|[[Image:TAR-flag.png|50px]]&lt;br&gt;'''President of [[East Asian Federation]]'''&lt;br&gt;1933 &amp;ndash; 1952
|width=&quot;30%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Succeeded by:&lt;br&gt;'''[[Emperor Saisei|Saisei]]'''
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|width=&quot;40%&quot;|[[Image:Yamato flag.gif|50px]]&lt;br&gt;'''Emperor of [[Japan]]'''&lt;br&gt;1933 &amp;ndash; 1952
|}

[[Category:Emperors of Japan|Xowa]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:Muke</title>
    <id>945</id>
    <revision>
      <id>45355</id>
      <timestamp>2007-05-16T00:47:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>The Jervan</username>
        <id>26</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* User Passwords? */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">When do I get Admin Status?  I'm also Admin on the Group. :) [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 14:43, 6 Feb 2005 (PST)

Thanks for putting the header up, Muke!

Let's all give Muke a round of applause for giving us the wiki! [[User:Nik|Nik]] 22:10, 7 Feb 2005 (PST)

== &quot;You have new messages&quot; ==

Hi Muke. Since a few weeks now, I keep having this &quot;You have new message&quot; line on my screen, and somehow I can't get rid of it, neither by opening and/or replying nor by throwing away my cache. I suppose it's some technical thing. Am I the only one who's having this problem? Okay, it's not really a problem, but it's annoying. Do you know if there is a way to get rid of that line? Cheers, [[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] 23:39, 25 October 2005 (PDT)

:Actually it happened to me too—not on this wiki but the other one, on an account I made to test an edit dealie.  I submitted a bug, [http://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=3805], and it's confirmed that it's happened to others but havnt found a solution yet.  Keeping my fingers crossed.  —[[User:Muke|Muke Tever]] | [[User Talk:Muke|✎]] 16:09, 26 October 2005 (PDT)

::Someone has reported that to clear the &quot;You have new messages&quot; you can unwatch your talk page (and then watch it again).  This solves the problem, but it apparently doesn't seem to stop it from occurring again...   —[[User:Muke|Muke Tever]] | [[User Talk:Muke|✎]] 16:46, 30 October 2005 (PST)

:::Hehe, it works! :)) Interesting, I'd néver had thought of such a solution! Anyway, I'm glad it's solved now. Frankly, this message was getting heavily on my nevers. And if it happens again, at least I'll know what to do. Thanks! --[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] 22:13, 30 October 2005 (PST)

==[[Lla_Dafern#Happy_.28belated.29_Birthday_Muke.21|Happy Birthday!]]==

I know it was a couple weeks ago, but thought I'd wish you one, just the same. [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]]

==Spamweeding==
Hey, Muke! -- is there any way to eliminate users from the roster? I notice there's about a score or so of user names like &quot;Rd10968580&quot; which are obviously intended to be used as spamers. Especially since a number of Rdxxxxxxx users have been canned recently. [[User:Elemtilas|Elemtilas]] 14:36, 2 May 2006 (PDT)

:There is a script to remove user accounts that have not made any edits.  I have just run this.  (This may result in some honest, idle users having to re-register.)  However, the spammer accounts that managed to get through the spam filter are irremovable, at least if we hope to maintain database integrity.  —[[User:Muke|Muke Tever]] | [[User Talk:Muke|✎]] 15:39, 3 May 2006 (PDT)

==User Passwords?==
Muke, is it possible to recover a lost password for a user? [[The_Jervan]] has lost his and can't edit the Wiki without it. Or should he simply create a new account? -- obviously, not the better option. I can't find anywhere where we'd have access to logon names and passwords to manually remind someone their password if it gets lost. [[User:Elemtilas|Elemtilas]] 13:24, 12 May 2007 (PDT)

:At the [[Special:Userlogin|login screen]] the two button options are to &quot;log in&quot; and &quot;email password&quot;—people who have their email address in their preferences can get a new password mailed to them.   [[User:The Jervan]] never configured his email address, though—so I added the email address off his homepage to the database and had the wiki send him a new password.    —[[User:Muke|Muke Tever]] | [[User Talk:Muke|✎]] 18:13, 14 May 2007 (PDT)

:: Thank you for that Muke! [[User:Elemtilas|Elemtilas]] 15:26, 15 May 2007 (PDT)

::: Huh, I didn't notice...  I hardly use that address anymore, since it's so spammed up.  I simply guessed my old password right.  Thanks for the effort though.  :) [[User:The Jervan|The Jervan]] 17:47, 15 May 2007 (PDT)</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>History</title>
    <id>946</id>
    <revision>
      <id>56285</id>
      <timestamp>2009-01-12T05:12:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Benkarnell</username>
        <id>190</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">= History =

While much of [[Ill Bethisad]] History remains unknown, these gems have been brought to light.

* [[Timeline]]
* [[Dead Nations]]


* [[Australasia and the Pacific]]
* [[Roman History]]
* [[Louisianne History]]
* [[Guinea]]
* [[Haytian History]]
* [[The Great Wars]]
* [[First Great War]]
* [[Second Great War]]
* [[Florida War]]
* [[Japanese Civil War]]
* [[Congress of Vienna]]
* [http://joe.thehilltribe.com/ib/china.html History of China and the Great Pacific War]
* [http://www.geocities.com/dalmatesku/1.html History of Dalmatia]
* [[History of Filipinas]]
* [http://www.geocities.com/henua_home/history.html History of Henua]
* [[History of the NAL]]
* [http://www.geocities.com/wenedyk/ib/rtc_hist.html History of the RTC]
* [http://www.geocities.com/wenedyk/ib/russia_hist.html History of Russia]
* [http://cinduworld.tripod.com/seasia_in_ib.htm History of Southeast Asia]
* [http://www.geocities.com/wenedyk/ib/ukraine_hist.html History of Ukraine]

* [[List of Wars]]

[[Category:History]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Timeline</title>
    <id>947</id>
    <revision>
      <id>60428</id>
      <timestamp>2009-07-08T14:39:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caeruleancentaur</username>
        <id>197</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* 1923 */ Fact updated.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__Perhaps it would be a nice idea to draft a general timeline for [[Ill Bethisad|IB]]. 

==First Milennium A.D.==
===81-96===
*The Christians that were to become the [[Lessinu]] are believed to have left Rome for the wilds of Germania.

===135===
*The Roman emperor Hadrian swamps [[Judea]] with Roman colonists after defeating Bar Kochba, creating a hybrid culture.

===175===
*Marcus Aurelius invades and conquers [[Bohemia|Boiohemia]].

===257-273===
*[[Corouaille]] part of the Gaulish Empire.

===344===
*Consecration of first bishop of [[Merv]].

===360===
*The [[The Frankish Empire|Franks]] are accepted as ''foederati'' by Rome.

===410===
*The [[Assyrian Church|Bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon]] assumes the title of ''Catholicos''. 

===420===
*Episcopal See of [[Merv]] raised to Metropolitanate.

===431===
*The [[Wikipedia:Council of Ephesus|Council of Ephesus]].  The [[Assyrian Church]] splits from the Catholic-Orthodox churches.

===450-550===
*Romano-British migrations to Brittany and Cantabria.

===484===
*[[Assyrian Church#Early History|Assyrian Church]] holds the Synod of Beth Lapat.

===500===
*Start of first Irish Golden Age: the Isle of Saints and Scholars.

===516===
*At the Battle of Mount Badon, the Saxon advance in Britain is checked by Britons.

===577===
*At the Battle of Aquasolis, the Saxons are routed.

===600===
*St. Perran's Oratory is founded. St. Perran draws up the &quot;Map of the Cornubian Empire&quot;, an unusual circular map that shows all the lands which recognise the suzerainty of the High King.

===612===
*Mar [[Babai the Great]] becomes Catholicos of the [[Assyrian Church]].

===613===
*At the Battle of Aberddui Kemrese forces hold their northern city against Northumbrian invaders.

===619===
*Synod of Vagarshapat ([[Assyrian Church]]) overturns many of the decisions of the Synod of Beth Lapat.

===633===
*Mercian and Kemrese forces conquer Northumbria.

===642===
*St. Reoan of Dumnonia sets sail to convert the pagans of the Armorican Isles.

===664===
*The Synod of Whitby decides in favour of the British Tradition.

===710-722===
*Fierce batles between Dumnonia and Wessex (under King Ina).

===711===
*The [[Moors]] invade the [[Iberian Peninsula]].

===718===
*Loss of Cantabria to the Moors; remnants of the Cornubian Legions help the Basques and Spaniards rout the Moors at Covadonga near Ovetum. Cantabria passes to Alfonso I of Austurias.

===750===
*Moorish invasion of Dumnonia from the Caliphate of Cordoba; the locals are unable to resist the establishment of the Moors at Qalat al-Tariq at Tamarmouth. 

===758===
*Moors occupy Trurow; build mosque at Trurow.

===768===
*Abbot Elfoddew I of Glastein adopts the Roman computation of Easter.

===799===
*The Emirate of Qarnaw controls the southern coast of Dumnonia from Trurow to Pednsang. Some conversions amongst the locals and nobles take place.

===814===
*Egbert of Wessex marches through Dumnonia; succeeds in &quot;laying waste the land from East to West&quot;. The armies of Wessex destroy the Emirate and the Dumnonians are able to reoccupy the territory thereafter. A number of Moors survive in the regions around Trurow, though Islam in the Kingdom quietly fades away due to lack of political control. Early Cornubian Muslims create a number of beautiful manuscript styles and influence local architecture.

===820===
*Prince Costenhin IV of Kemr is killed in a Viking raid, the beginning of a 200-year period of raids.

===825===
*The Dumnonians march against Egbert and win at Camuloritis.

===838===
*The Dumnonian-Danish alliance has some success against Egbert. Prince Gereint IV of Cambria defeats and kills Egbert of Wessex at Billeduno; the border between Latin and Saxon Britain is established (usually refered to as &quot;The Fence&quot;).
*Constantinus V, Emperor of the Cornubians, recognises the suzerainty of the Prince of Kemr thus reuniting the remains of the Roman Province of Britain. The Princes of Kemr recognise the authority of the High King within the new Province. The title &quot;Emperor of the Cornubians&quot; expires.

===840===
*Closing of first Irish Golden Age, beginning of the Age of the Kingdoms and Invasions.

===845===
*Nominus of Brittany defeats Charles the Bold at Ballon.

===871===
*Gereint V is killed by Viking invaders, the end of Mercian-Kemrese hegemony in northern England.

===878===
*King Guthrum unites England under the Danelaw.

===919===
*Norse raids commence along the coasts of Brittany.

===921===
*[[King Aurial I]] establishes the Kingdom of [[Dalmatia]].

===963===
*The first monastery, the Great Lavra, on Mt. Athos is founded by St. Athanasius.

===972===
*The first charter of the monastic community is signed by the Emperor John I Tsimiskes and the monks of Mount Athos, officially establishing the coenobitic system alongside the hermitages.

===980===
*The monastery of St. George the Painter is founded by Moses, Aaron and John, three monks from Bulgaria.

===982===
*The Monastery of the Dormition is founded by St. John from Iberia (Georgia).

==11th to 13th Centuries==

===1000===
*Briain Boruma mac Cennédig is recognised as the first and last true Ard Rí (High King) of Ireland.

===1045===
*Emperor Constantine IX Monomachus signs the second Typikon, in which Mt. Athos is officially termed the Holy Mountain.

===1058===
*Monks from Kiev establish the Monastery of the All-Holy Theotokos.

===1066===
*Norman Conquest: King Harald of England and Prince Costenhin V of Kemr are killed at Hastings.

===1067===
*First permanent non-religious settlement of [[Lundy]].

===1071-1294===
*Period of border wars between Norman England and Kemr.

===1076===
*The Monastery of the Forty Martyrs is turned over to monks of the Armenian Orthodox Church, the first instance of a Greek monastery being turned over to non-Greek monks.

===1132===
*[[Xliponia]] is formed through the unification of several small monarchies under Odo I.

===1152===
*Cambriese Rite Church officially recognises the authority of the Pope of Rome as Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church.

===1155===
*Prince Pedr of Kemr invades Ireland

===1190===
*English Earl Edward of Mersdon becomes King of [[Xliponia]].

===1194===
*Cambrian monks land on the shore of the Holy Mountain and are invited to take over the deserted Monastery of St. Nicholas.

===1198===
*The monastery of Chilandar is founded by St. Sava for Serbian monks.

===1210===
*Manican crusade under Pope Innocent against the Arvorec Christians in the Channel Isles; in the years surrounding the Crusade, many Islanders flee to Brittany, where they find refuge in the northern parts of the land.

===1216===
*Romano-Celtic Paganism officially ends with the transfer of duties from the last pagan high priest of Epona to the abbot bishop of Esca.

===1220-1236===
*The Armoric Isles launch raids against the French coasts. Breton forces join the affray.

===1259===
*The founding of the University of Glastein.

===1282-1294===
*The English occupy Kemr.

===1291===
*Expelled English Jews settle in the Kemrese Province of Gwenedd.

==14th and 15th Centuries==
===1307===
*The Senat y Stannoer, or Tinners' Senate is inaugurated ensuring the rights and privileges of Dumnonia within Cambria. 
*The fifteen remaining monks of the Monastery of St. Stephen are transferred to the Monastery of Sts. Peter and Paul. Monks of the Catholic Maronite Rite, fleeing the persecution of the Mamelukes are invited to occupy the Monastery of St. Stephen, which they rename the Monastery of St. Maroun.

===1311===
*Jocko di Pednsang named Mayor of Lundy
===1315-1316===
*Complete failure of crops in western Dumnonia.

===1348===
*The Black Death strikes Dumnonia.

===1364===
*War with France: Cornouaille overrun, but recovers thereafter.

===1383===
*The Ottoman Turks seize Mount Athos and the first period of Ottoman rule begins.

===1389===
*The first battle of Kampa da Miarle (Kosovo Polje), between the [[Turkey|Turks]] led by [[Ali Pasha]] and the [[Dalmatia|Dalmatians]] led by [[King Kornaiyu I]].

===1392===
*The Southern Court of [[Japan]] comes to an end, descendants becoming the [[Cumazawa]] family.

===1401===
*Prince Ewein leads a series of raids on England; Dumnonians under Julius Broglios play a large role.

===1403===
*After the Turks are defeated at the Battle of Angora (1402), Mount Athos is restored to Byzantine sovereignty.

===1406===
*Prince Ewein, a Kemrese noble, presides over the national senate, the traditional beginning of parliamentary rule in Upper Kemr.

===1424===
*A delegation of monks from Mount Athos visits Sultan Murad II in Adrianople. The second period of Ottoman rule begins.

===1453===
*The Fall of Constantinople; Kemr is the only remainder of the Roman Empire not in barbarian control. The first refugees from Constantinople make their way to Spain.
*Gereint VII is the first Kemrese ruler to be crowned after the fall of Constantinople.

===1460===
*The University of Namnetio (Brittany) is founded.
*Gereint VII is crowned as the first king of Kemr, rather than prince.

===1492===
*After the Expulsión from Iberia, a number of Muslims find their way to Esca, where most Kemrese Muslims have lived since the 10th century. A small number of Jews, apparently on their way to Mueva Sefarad in America, end up in Dûnein as well. A number of Moorish fortifications were taken over by the Dumnonians in the ninth century: Qalat al-Tariq, al-Fal and the grand and imposing structure al-Mical.

===1497===
*Myghæl Iosef Smaþwyr leads an army of 20,000 Wessishmen from the [[Isle of Wight]] to march unsuccessfully to London to call for independence, the last invasion of London by a foreign power. The rebellion is crushed.

==16th Century==
===1508===
*The High Senate at [[Castreleon]] recognises the Tinners Senate as the governing body for provincial matters. This recognition is often and largely ignored. On the other hand, it is at times spectacularly upheld.

===1514===
*Heart of Queen Anna of Cornouaille is enshrined in the cathedral at Namnetio

===1520-1532===
*A series of wars with France wear down the province's defenses. In 1532, Queen Claudia is compelled to marry the King of France. Brittany is lost to France by treaty between Kemr and France and Brittany becomes a duchy. Many rights and priviledges are retained by the duchy, but quarrels over sovereignty are not resolved. 1532 is known as the Year of Betrayal.

===1536===
*[[Enrhig Tewdur]], [[Toisags of Kemr|toisag]] of [[Kemr]], commits Kemrese troops to support Frances I of [[France]] against the [[Holy Roman Empire]].

===1540s===
*Arrival of Europeans in [[Japan]], the origin of [[Zesucuto| Zesucutò]].

===1542===
*João Rodrigues Cabrilho and his chief pilot Bartolomé Ferrelo, reach the bay of San Diego in September of 1542 after sailing from the port of Navidad in Mejico in June of that year. 

===1558===
*[[Estonia]] becomes part of [[Sweden]] (until 1721).

===1561===
*Courland and most of Livonia become semi-independent parts of the [[Republic of the Two Crowns]].

===1588===
*[[Austro-Dalmatia|Austro-Dalmatian Monarchy]] established.
*Translation of the Bible into Brithenig.

===1600===
*Tocugawa Ieyasu, future Xògun of [[Japan]], converts to Christianity.

==17th Century==
===1601===
*Tocugawa Ieyasu of [[Japan]] becomes a Catholic priest.

===1602===
*Sebastian Vizcaíno reaches a bay on December 16th, which he names after Don Gaspár de Zúñiga y Acevedo, Count of Monte Rey. On December 17th, they hold the first mass north of San Diego near a small ravine at the base of the bluff where the future military fort is to be located, near a spring of clean, clear, fresh water, under the limbs of a spreading coast live oak.

===1603===
*Tocugawa Ieyasu becomes Xògun and (almost) undisputed ruler of [[Japan]]; establishment of [[Edo]] as ''de facto'' capital of [[Japan]] (same as *here*)

===1605===
*Tocugawa Ieyasu becomes the first [[Zesucuto|Bishop of Edo]].
*The crown of Castille and Leon opens up settlement of Alta California. Most settlers arrive from Mexico, but large numbers of immigrants whose language would come to be known as Montreiano arrive in the Montréi area after hearing the glowing reports from Sebastian Vizcaíno's expedition three years earlier.

===1610===
*Death of [[Geowan Smaþwyr]], saint of the [[Isle of Wight]].

===1620===
*Fray Antonio de la Ascención, a rather vocal expeditionary and contemporary of Sebastián Vizcaíno, attempts to drum up support for further settlement of Alta California, especially the San Diego area. He begisn a ten-year series of memorials dedicated to promoting Alta California. His attempts began drawing larger numbers of settlers, primarily to the San Diego area, but many began heading to Montréi. 

===1625-1628===
*Cañei War in [[Japan]].

===1629===
*Closing of [[Japan]] (slightly earlier than *here*).

===1629-1630===
*Livonia is ceded to [[Sweden]] by the [[Republic of the Two Crowns]].

===1631-1634===
*&quot;Il Belos lor Barbadús&quot;, or War with the Bearded Left-handers is fought between Lundy and the Federation of the Channel Islands after Marcus d' l' Ysle, Master of Lundy, insults the Armoricans; the provincial and national governments stay out of the fighting. The Battle of the Pub (1634) is a decisive victory for the Federation as the Lundimen fled the field in horror when the only pub in the island was razed to smoldering ruins; the Master of Lundy apologises for calling the Awranech &quot;nothing but bearded left-handers, the lot of them, and their cats&quot;. The island is depopulated, leaving only the monks as Lundy's inhabitants. Legend has it that the Awranaech left the island bereft of all its cats in retribution for the insult.

===1653===
*Founding of Saint Perran's University at Trurow.

===1666===
*Dr. Ricard Geouffrey of St. Tudy's performs a blood transfusion on a man in [[Castreleon]]; publishes a survey of transfusion techniques on farm animals.
*The Black Death strikes England.

===1682===
*The first [[France|French]] trading post is established in the future [[Louisianne]].

===1689===
*Language Laws are enacted by the High Senate: education and business are to be conducted in Brithenig, thus making legal what has for centuries been the customary situation throughout Cambria.

===1700===
*Beginning of the Great Northern War (1700-1721)
*Beginning of the [[War of the Aragonese Succession]] (1700-1713).

==18th Century==
===1705===
*[[Castile and Leon]] is kicked out of the [[War of the Aragonese Succession]], and looses [[Florida]] and [[Gibraltar]] to [[England]].

===1721===
*End of the Great Northern War; [[Sweden]] cedes [[Estonia]] and most of Livonia to [[Russia]]

===1725===
*Louisiannan Royalty is established.  [[Jean-Baptiste de Bienville]], governor of [[Louisianne]] is elevated to princehood by [[Louis XIV]] and married to [[Louise, Mademoiselle du Maine]].

===1731===
*[[Louisianne]] is declared a [[France|French]] Crown Colony.

===1735===
*[[Pierre d'Iberville]] abdicates to his brother, [[Jean-Baptiste de Bienville]], Prince of Louisianne.  Population: 100.000 ''inhabitants'', 35.000 soldiers, 15.000 slaves.  D'Iberville establishes Duke Côte des Ozarques, dies in 1838 and is buried in the cemetery of the château near modern Acadia on the Loire river, Louisianne.

===1743===
*Acadian exodus to [[Louisianne]] because of Scottish aggression in Alba Nuadh.  [[New_Francy|New Francy]] turns a blind eye to the Acadian ''heretics'' (they were Huguenots). The Acadians choose to settle Louisianne's coastal bayous.

===1754===
*Gwilliame Bligh, renowned Captain of the Bounty, is born at St. Tudy.

===1759===
*Alfonso Anjui, future king of Castile and Leon, is born.

===1770===
*[[Louisianne|Louisiannan]] Census shows 200.000 ''inhabitants'', 50.000 full time soldiers and 70.000 african slaves.
*Castile and Leon begin to express deeper interest in Alta California. The mission system is formalized, and Fr. Junipero Serra, a Franciscan, is sent to San Diego to found the first official mission in Alta California.

===1772===
*First Partition of the [[Republic of the Two Crowns]] (RTC).

===1788===
*King [[John V of Castile and Leon|Juan V]] of [[Castile and Leon]] dies.  He is succeded by [[Alfonso XIV of Castile and Leon]].

===1790===
*The [[France|French]] Revolution. The Intendant of [[New_Francy|New France]] decides to follow some of the new dictates of the Republican Government though much of the population and civil service call for a more neutral position. 
*The French Revolution is welcomed at first by the Duchy of Cornouaille's population; the new Republic soon suppresses the British Parliament and abolishes the duchy's rights and priviledges. This year is known as the Second Year of Betrayal. 

===1791===
*5 September - [[Robert Wainwright]] of Virginia, the wealthiest man in the American colonies manumits his personal fiefdom of more than 500 slaves, mostly Africans, with the ''Deed of Emancipation''. This singular act of the 18th century impresses the younger generation of the [[NAL-SLC|NAL]]'s [[Founders]], notably [[Richard Bonnaire Whittington]] and [[James Monroe]], the first two [[General Moderators]], who would do the same upon taking office. The actions of these few Founders set in motion a series of events that would lead to the emancipation of all slaves and bondsmen in the [[Federated Kingdoms]] (FK) and their colonial empire.
*The [[Louisianne|Louisiannan]] Revolution.  Many of the nobility besides the monarch (prince) are exiled. Entire families relocate to [[New_Francy|New Francy]].

===1792===
*Because of the execution of the King of [[France]], the Intendant of [[New_Francy]] cuts off ties with the Republicans, now declared 'Illegitimates'. The beginning of a period of low-level skirmishes between small groups of monarchists and republicans in the territory of New-France in between the main centers of population of New-Francy and Louisianna.

===1793===
*October 24 - [[France]] institutes the [[French Republican Calendar]].
*Second Partition of the [[Republic of the Two Crowns]] (RTC).

===1794===
*[[Louisianne]] institutes the [[French Republican Calendar]].

===1796===
*Earthquake at St. Hillary's.

===1799===
*The attempted installation of the Dauphin as King of Louisianne.

==19th Century==
===1801===
*Ricard Trevithick invents the road locomotive and operates it at Esca.

===1803===
*Founding of [[NAL-SLC| North American League]]
*[[Louisianne]] gains ''de facto'' independence, elects a Republican government, and ignores the decrees of [[Napoleon]].  The government seat is relocated temporarily from Nouvelle Orléans to St. Louis pending a final decision for the location of the capital.

===1804===
*The Brithenig Bible and Massbook is widely distributed by the Methodical Augustinian Order in Kemr and the Comroig colonies.

===1805===
*The creation of the [[Federated Kingdoms]] by an &quot;Act of Federation between England, Scotland and Cambria&quot;.

===1806===
*January 1 - [[Napoleon]] declares an end to the [[French Republican Calendar]]. [[Louisianne]] rejects the declaration.

===1807===
*The Tinners' Senate vetoes the Act of Federation.

===1809===
*[[Aragon]], [[France]] and French-controlled [[Portugal]] invade [[Castile and Leon]].  King [[Alfonso XIV of Castile and Leon|Alfonso XIV]] escapes to the [[New Kingdom of Granada]].
*The Formation of the [[Scandinavian Realm|Scandiavian Union]].
*The attack of [[Russia]] against [[Nassland]].
*The Treaty of Hospitality is signed by [[Napoleon]] and the [[Nassland]] government.  It grants quarter to [[France|French]] troops in [[Nassland]] to stem the [[Russia|Russian]] attack.
*Portuguese King Pedro is imprisoned by [[Napoleon]] and Joseph Bonaparte is put on the throne.

===1810===
*Renegotiation of the Treaty of Hospitality with [[France]], the [[Scandinavian Realm|Scandinavian Union]], [[Russia]] and [[Nassland]].  The Treaty of Sankt-Petersburg is signed and French troops are removed from Nassian territory, but open quarter still stands.  The treaty is ratified by the [[Congress of Vienna]].

===1811===
*The Republic of [[Paraná]] declares independence from [[Portugal]] in July. [[Bahia]] and Fortaleza declare independence in August, but Rio de Janeiro remains royalist.

===1813===
*[[Napoleon]] is defeated in Spain and the monarchies of [[Portugal]] and [[Castile and Leon]] are restored.

===1814===
*The reality of the Act of Federation is grudgingly accepted by the Tinners' Senate and the great Veto of 1807 is reluctantly overturned.
*King Pedro returns to [[Portugal]] upon [[Napoleon]]'s defeat.

===1818===
*King [[Alfonso XIV of Castile and Leon]] returns to [[Castilian Spain|Spain]].
*The northeastern Portuguese colonies in [[South America]] return to the crown. [[Paraná]] rebels, as do many Northeasterners, who hide in the jungles and Castilian territories.

===1819===
*[[Castile and Leon]] returns [[Riu de L'Argent]] to [[Aragon]].
*[[Portugal]] invades [[Uruguay]], supporter of [[Paraná]].

===1821===
*The [[Gold Coast]] is declared an [[Austro-Dalmatia|Austro-Dalmatian]] Imperial &amp; Royal Crown Colony.

===1822===
*[[Paraná]] defeats the royalists at Rio de Janeiro and frees [[Uruguay]]. The Republic of [[Brazil]] is formed, including Rio de Janeiro and [[Uruguay]], as [[Paraná]]'s protectorate.

===1824===
*The Republic of [[Equador]] is proclaimed in spite of Portuguese campaigns against the rebels.

===1825===
*[[Napoleon]] dies.
*Paris-sur-Mizouri is established as the [[Louisianne|Louisiannan]] capital.

===1826===
*The [[Katamanso War]] in [[Gadangmeland]]/western [[Gold Coast]]

===1827===
*[[Paraná]] hands [[Uruguay]] back to [[Riu de L'Argent]].

===1828===
*King [[Alfonso XIV of Castile and Leon]] recognizes the independence of [[Mejico]].
*[[1828 War|War]] between [[Louisianne]] and the [[NAL-SLC| North American League]] results in the loss of St. Onge (Louisiana) and the territory north of the Mizouri river to the NAL.  Paris-sur-Mizouri and St. Louis are sacked and restored.

===1829===
*King [[Alfonso XIV of Castile and Leon]] dies and is succeded by [[Isabella I of Castile and Leon|Isabel I]].

===1831===
*St. Onge is receded to [[Louisianne]] by the [[NAL-SLC| North American League]].
*Marriage of [[Marie-Josephine Le Moyne]] to [[Karl Fuersten zu Solms-Braunfels]].  Tejan invasion and monarchy established.
*[[Joseph Smith]] and the ''Mormons'' arrive on the [[Louisianne]] borders seeking asylum from the [[NAL-SLC| North American League]]. They are given land grants in Territoire du Nord (now Nouvelle Navarre and Nouvelle Cournouaille).

===1832===
*Abolition of slavery within the [[Federated Kingdoms]].
*Queen [[Isabella I of Castile and Leon|Isabel]] of [[Castile and Leon]] abdicates in favour of her brother [[Charles I of Castile and Leon|Carlos]].
*The Army of the [[Native Nations]] invades [[Lima]], [[Peru]].
*September 23 - Armand Beauvais is instated as first [[Louisianne|Louisiannan]] First President following the [[Summer Revolution]].

===1834===
*[[Alta California]] declares independence from [[Castile and Leon]].

===1835===
*[[Castile and Leon]] issues a new constitution, stripping away most of the monarch's power.

===1838===
*Increased aggression by slave-owners in Nouvelle Gaulle, Nord against the anti-slavery Mormons.
*July 5 - [[Venezola|Venezôla]] signs the declaration of independence.

===1839===
*The Uprising of Casnew marks a turning point for greater suffrage in [[Kemr]].

===1842===
*[[Castile and Leon]] issues a new constitution granting proportional representation to the [[New Kingdom of Granada]], [[Central America]], and the [[Castilian West Indies]].

===1845===
*[[Joseph Smith]] and [[Hyrum Smith]] are killed and [[Jean Taylor]] wounded in Paris-sur-Mizouri by a radical slave owner.  This event leads to the end of slavery in Louisianne and a modification of the government.

===1846===
*The Portuguese parliament bans slavery. The Northeastern insurgents in [[South America]] form the Republic of [[Bahia]].

===1850===
*The Castilian Courts ban slavery in all Castilian territories.

===1850-1865===
*Period of greatest mining prosperity in the Province of Dûnein.

===1853===
*Kings Prison opens on Lundy

===1855===
*The Scandinavian Union becomes the [[Scandinavian Realm]].

===1858===
*[[Montrei]] separates from [[Alta California]].
*[[Japan]] is opened up to the West.
*[[Kongo]] is declared [[Austro-Dalmatia|Austro-Dalmatian]] an Imperial &amp; Royal Crown Colony.

===1860===
*[[Portugal]] recognizes the ''de facto'' independence of [[Equador]] and [[Bahia]].

===1865===
*Creation of [[Nouvelle Gaulle]] from the [[Préfecture du Nord]] in Louisianne.

===1866===
*The Kernow League is formed, whose aims are to preserve Dumnonian languages and cultures from destruction in the advance of Brithenig through the Province. The ultimate goals are secession from Cambria; Cos Nustr is courted. A plunge in copper prices sparks the de-industrialisation of the Province; local economy stagnates for several decades. 

===1868===
*Meidji Restoration in [[Japan]].
*[[First Balkan War]] erupts.
*December 25 - founding of the brief First Republic of [[Ezo]].

===1869===
*[[Hungary|Hungarian]] independence from [[Turkey]].
*May - First Republic of [[Ezo]] falls, leaders and supporters cross the ocean to [[Oregon]]

===1870===
*Rebellion of the Army of Brittany; Parliament is (illegally) reconstituted.
*The monasteries on Mount Athos gain their independence from the Ottoman Empire as the Serene Monastic Republic of the Holy Mountain, as a provision of the treaty ending the First Balkan War.

===1877===
*[[Muntenia]] gains its independence from [[Turkey]].

===1878===
*The Holy Synod declares unilaterally its independence of the Ecumenical Patriarch.

===1883===
*[[Montenegro]] gains its independence from [[Turkey]].

===1884===
*[[Kamerun]] is declared an [[Austro-Dalmatia|Austro-Dalmatian]] Imperial &amp; Royal Crown Colony.
*[[Togo|Togoland]] is declared an [[Austro-Dalmatia|Austro-Dalmatian]] Imperial &amp; Royal Crown Colony.
===1885===
*At the request of the Abbot of St. Maroun Monastery, 42 Maronite Catholic and Greek Orthodox refugee families from Lebanon are permitted to settle on the eastern shore near the Xerxes Canal. The town of Aktí is founded and the silk industry is established.

===1887===
*July 1 - The [[Castile and Leon|Castilian]] Courts vote for the construction of a [[Nicaraguan Canal|inter-oceanic canal]] in [[Nicaragua]].

===1889===
*The Ecumenical Patriarch accedes to the independence of the Monastic Republic from his jurisdiction and consecrates the fourth archimandrite a bishop, thus establishing a &quot;patriarchal&quot; succession on the Holy Mountain.

===1890===
*The former lands of the [[Dalmatia|Dalmatian]] crown that had been under [[Turkey|Turkish]] occupation gain independence and the [[Dalmatian Hercegovina|Kingdom of Dalmatian Hercegovina]] is established.
*Rob fitz Simmon is the first Briton to capture the world heavyweight championship in pugilism; having won three titles in three weight classes.
*The steam ferry operated by the Armoric Shipping Company begins service between Llandrow in the Islands and Powyl in Durrow.

===1893===
*[[Bulgaria]] gains independence from [[Turkey]].
*[[Mali]] is declared an [[Austro-Dalmatia|Austro-Dalmatian]] Imperial &amp; Royal Crown Colony
*The native kingdom of Dahomey is conquered by [[Austro-Dalmatia|Austro-Dalmatian]] forces and the territory is added to [[Togo|Togoland]] colony.

===1895===
*End of Sino-Japanese War (1893-1895), Japan annexes Taiwan and gains domination over [[Corea]] and [[Luuquiuu| Lùquiù]].

===1896===
*Territoire du Nord is divided into Nouvelle Cournouaille and Nouvelle Navarre.  The boundaries of Nouvelle Gaulle fixed.
*[[Upper Nigervolta|Upper Volta]] is declared and [[Austro-Dalmatia|Austro-Dalmatian]] Imperial &amp; Royal Crown Colony.

===1898===
*Floridas declare independence from [[Castile and Leon| Castile]]: [[Empire of Florida|Florida-Caribbea]].
*King [[Charles II of Castile and Leon|Carlos II]] of [[Castile and Leon]] dies and is succeded by [[John VI of Castile and Leon|Juan VI]].

===1900===
*Floridian empire overthrown in favour of a republic.
*Marconi sends the first transatlantic radiophonic signal from western Dunein.
*The [[Lusoamerican Union]] is formed, comprising [[Bahia]], [[Brazil]], [[Equador]], [[Paraná]] and [[Uruguay]].

==20th Century==
===1901===
*The creation of [[Australasia]]
*[[Dalmatian Hercegovina]], [[Italy]] and [[Muntenia]] sign the Triple Entente.
*Floridian republic overthrown in favour of a strong presidency.

===1904===
*23 July - Work begins on the [[Nicaraguan Canal]].

===1905===
*The [[Austro-Dalmatia|Austro-Dalmatian Monarchy]] becomes the Austrian Empire.
*Japan wins the First Russo-Japanese War (1903-1905).

===1906===
*[[Emperor Meidji]] of [[Japan]] dies.

===1910===
*The Second [[Russia|Russo]]-[[Japan|Japanese]] War.
*King [[Leopold I of Castile and Leon]] dies and is succeded by [[John VI of Castile and Leon|Juan VI]].

===1911===
*Japan loses the Second Russo-Japanese War (1910-1911).
*King Gereint XII of Kemr threatens to withhold Royal Assent to the budget.

===1912===
*Founding of the [[East Asian Federation]].

===1913===
*2 June - [[Herbert Serge Lallier]] is assassinated in [[Louisianne]].
*23 September - [[Joseph Thomas Robespierre]] becomes [[Louisianne|Louisiannan]] First President.
*7 November - The [[Nicaraguan Canal]] is innaugurated.

===1914-1918===
*The First Great War is on in Europe: in spite of rising separatist sentiment, the Duchy distinguishes itself in defense of France; nearly 20% of its soldiers are slain in battle.  ''Which Duchy?''
*The Kemrese Legions distinguish themselves for bravery and gallantry in battle.
*April - Oltenia achieves independence.
*May - Moldova achieves independence.

===1914===
*[[Austro-Dalmatia|Austrian]] Archduke Ferdinand is assassinated in Agram; [[Austro-Dalmatia|Austria]] declares war on [[Dalmatian Hercegovina]], [[Muntenia]] and [[Italy]] declare war on [[Austro-Dalmatia|Austria]].
*Kemrese High Senate repeals all language laws regulating the use of minority languages within the kingdom.

===1916===
*Start of the [[Basmaçı Revolt]] against [[Russia|Russian]] rule in [[Turkestan]].

===1917===
*Start of the [[Russia]]n Civil War; brief takeover by the Bolsheviks.
*[[Austro-Dalmatia|Austria]] sues for peace and the present southern border established.
*St. Patrick's Day Rebellion: Irish rebels, dissatisfied with lack of progress in establishing Home Rule, take over key points in [[Dubhlinn]]. The resulting Kemrese reaction leads to the [[Cambro-Irish War of Independence]].

===1918===
*The [[Dalmatia|Kingdom of Dalmatia]] is re-established.
*The [[Slavonic Union]] is established by the [[Croatia|Banate of Croatia]] and the [[Slovenia|Principality of Slovenia]]. The [[Serbia|Kingdom of Serbia]] joins later in the year.
*July - The Bolsheviks are dethroned in [[Russia]].

===1919===
*[[Bulgaria]] joins the [[Slavonic Union]]. [[Dalmatia]] joins the [[Slavonic Union]], which then becomes the [[Danubian Confederation]].
*Castreleon Race Riots: demobilised soldiers destroy black [[Kemr|Kemrese]] property.
*End of [[Russia]]n Civil War; the [[White Council]] takes over; the coronation of Czar [[Aleksei]]; several Communist leaders (including [[Zinovyev]] and [[Bukharin]] seek exile in [[Danubian Confederation|Danubia]].
*Kings Prison on Lundy is closed.

===1920===
*[[China]] invades [[Corea]], [[Taiwan]], and [[Lùquiù]]

===1922===
*[[Emperor Taixò]] of [[Japan]] dies (poisoned), beginning of [[Emperor Go-Meidji]]'s reign.
*Modern Art Week (''Semana de Arte Moderna'') in São Paulo, [[Paraná]], sets a standard for pictorial arts and literature.
*The first Lithuanian colonists arrive in eastern [[Tejas]], where the [[Lithuanian autonomous areas in Tejas|Lithuanian autonomous areas]] are established according to the agreement between the leadership of Tejas and [[Kazys Pakštas]]. 
*Island of Lundy is bought from Dunein by wealthy businessman Martin Harmon, he is named Mayor of Lundy by the Tinners Senate.
*Peace treaty between [[Russia]] and Basmaçı rebels; [[Russia]] recognises State of [[Turkestan]].
*37 Greek refugee families from Caesarea (Kayseri) in Turkey are permitted to settle on the western shore. The town of Prosforion is founded and the hand-woven carpet industry is established.

===1923=== 
*The foundation of the [[SNOR]] in Russia.
*23 Greek refugee families from the island of Pasalimani in the Sea of Marmara are permitted to settle on Ammouliani Island. The town of Ammouliani is founded and the fishing industry is established.  The families also cover the interior of the island with citrus groves.

===1925===
*The Holy Synod approves and promulgates the Constitution of the Monastic Republic.

===1925-1927===
*Two Bretons are the first to circumnavigate the world, touching down in all continents (including a short hop to Antarctica) in a new flying machine called an ''[[aeroplane]]'' - the journey takes nearly two years as there are many stopovers and long visits made to different countries.

===1926===
*The government of [[Lithuania]] is deposed by the military, led by general [[Povilas Plechavičius]]. [[Antanas Smetona]] becomes the prime minister.

===1931===
*Industrial depression in Cambria, 20% unemployed; situation far worse in the Province where nearly 40% are unemployed.
*According to the so-called [[Treaty of Friendship]], [[Maasai]] areas ''de facto'' become a  Lithuanian colony, known by the name [[Masaja]].
*Attempted [[1931 Russian Invasion of Turkestan|invasion]] of [[Turkestan]] by [[Russia]] is repelled by [[China|Sino]]-[[Turkestan|Turkestani]] allied operation.

===1933===
*[[Emperor Go-Meidji]] of Japan is forced to abdicate; [[China]] sets up a puppet government in [[Japan]] with [[Emperor Xòwa]] at its head; the [[Austronesian League]] imposes sanctions on China.

=== 1934 ===
*Death of Czar [[Aleksei]].
*The [[Maasai]] lands are incorporated into Lithuania-proper as [[Naujojo Vilniaus apskritis]]. The name [[Masaja]] falls out of use; all the Lithuanian colonial intiative in the south, both existing and planned, start to be referred to by the term [[Southern lands]]. A failed [[Maasai uprising]] follows.

===1936===
*Foundation of the [[Großartige Allianz]] by [[Russia]], the [[Holy Roman Empire]], and [[Greece]].
*Famine strikes [[Naujojo Vilniaus apskritis]], the Lithuanian colony in east Africa.
*The Slavic refugees from Naujojo Vilniaus apskritis overthrow the government in [[Buganda]] and establish it as their state.
*The [[First Slavic Uprising]] in [[Lithuania]] fails.

===1937===
*China launches a surprise attack on Sideni, [[Australasia]], beginning the Great Oriental War.
*Admiral [[Kolchak]] dies. [[Vissarionov|Iosif Vissarionov]] becomes the new ''Supreme Leader of the Russian People''.
*[[Hungary]] joins the [[Großartige Allianz]].
*The construction of the town of [[Voldemaravas]], the first one in the planned [[Colonies of Lithuania|Lithuanian colony]] of [[New Lithuania]]. starts.

===1939===
*[[Ukraine]], [[Belarus]] and the [[Danubian Confederation]] join the [[Großartige Allianz]].
*A pro-German coup in the [[Bohemia|Bohemian Kingdom]] results in the creation of the Königreich der Böhmischen Kronländer which joins the [[Großartige Allianz]].
*1 September - [[Germany]] invades [[Veneda]], some time later [[Russia]] invades [[Lithuania]] (see [[Thunderstorm War]]); the beginning of the [[Second Great War]].
*The last Republican resistance in [[Valladolid]] falls and [[Roberto Tascon|Gen. Tascon]] establishes the [[Castilian State]].
*King [[John VI of Castile and Leon|Juan VI]] of [[Castile and Leon]] dies.  He is succeded by [[Mary Louise I of Castile and Leon|María Luisa I]].
*November - The [[Ice War]] begins between [[Russia]] and the [[Ladogian Republic]] on one side and [[Nassland]] on the other, after provocation at the Pudozh radio transmitter.

===1940===
*Merger of SIS-ruled [[Nassina]] with the [[Ladogian Republic]].
*[[Lithuania]]'s African colony becomes independent as [[Pakštuva]] (in accordance with the [[Pakštuvan-Russian peace treaty]], which has ended the [[Thunderstorm War]] officially).
*The [[Lithuanian autonomous areas in Tejas]] are abolished.

===1942-1946 ===
*Great War II is on in Europe and in Asia.
*The Duchy of Cornouaille is laid waste by invading German armies; the Bretons once again distinguish themselves for valour in defense of France and in the Resistance movements.

===1942===
*Start of [[Japanese Civil War]]
*Formation of the [[Republic of Ezo]].
*The [[Borderland war]] begins. [[Pakštuva]] and [[Buganda]] are invaded and partly annexed (with puppet states of Buganda and [[Maasai]] being established in the non-annexed areas) by [[China]] and [[Ethiopia]].
*The original Lithuanian government is deposed in the [[New Lithuania]] and a form of direct democracy takes power.

===1943===
*The [[Großartige Allianz]] falls apart resulting in war between [[Russia]] and its allies and [[Germany]] and its allies.

===1944===
*Civil war breaks out in the [[Danubian Confederation]].
*Getulio Vargas, President of [[Paraná]], establishes the ''Estado Novo'' and takes full dictatorial powers.

===1945===
*Japanese rebels capture [[Edo|Tòquiò]] and the emperor flees to [[Quiòto]]

===1946===
*An atom bomb is dropped on Xi'an.

===1947===
*Communists led by [[Josip Broz]] win the [[Danubian Confederation|Danubian]] Civil War and the [[CSDS|Confederation of Soviet Danubian States]] is proclaimed.
*[[Togo|Togoland]] colony is granted broad autonomy by the [[CSDS]].

===1948===
*[[Togo|Togoland]] joins [[CSDS]] as a full member, called Togolese Soviet Republic
*[[KwaKholwa]] was made a separate English colony from [[South Africa]]
*[[Turkestan]] invaded by [[Russia]]; puppet [[Government of National Unity|Snorist regime]] installed.

===1949===
*End of the [[Second Great War]].
*[[Uyguristan]] &quot;liberated&quot; from [[China|Chinese]] rule by [[Russia|Russian]] forces; Snorist [[Tokuz Okuz]] regime installed. 
*An atomic bomb is dropped on Beijing ending the [[Great Oriental War]]; [[China]] is broken up.

===1950===
*Administrative reform in [[Turkestan]] creates the six Provinces.

===1951===
*The [[Gold Coast|Danubian Gold Coast]] is granted independence by the [[CSDS]].
*End of [[Japanese Civil War]]
*The [[Castilian-American Organization for Culture and Science]] changes its name to the [[Castilian-American Commonwealth]].

===1952===
*3 February - [[Emperor Xòwa]] of [[Japan]] abdicates; the beginning of [[Emperor Saisei]]'s reign.
*[[Henri Samuel Truman]] is elected First President of [[Louisianne]].

===1954===
*24 April - [[Japan|Japanese]] colonies released ([[Alyaska]], [[Kanawiki]], [[Nittatò]], [[Toga]], [[Micronesian Confederation]])
*The Monastic Republic is invited to join the Commission of Very Small States and accepts the invitation.

===1955===
*[[Florida]] becomes [[Florida-Caribbea]].

===1956===
*Civic disobedience in Estonia against the Russian occupation.
*23 October - the Hungarian Revolution.

===1957===
*[[Kamerun]] is granted independence by the [[CSDS]].

===1958===
*[[Mali]] is granted independence by the [[CSDS]].
*An agreement between the [[CSDS]] central government and the state government of the [[Togo|Togolese Soviet Republic]] grants broad autonomy to Togo because of difficulties related to distance; all but foreign affairs are to be handled in Lome.
*[[Vissarionov]] dies; [[Andrei Vlasov]] becomes the new ''Supreme Leader of the Russian People''.

===1960===
*The [[Togo|Togolese Soviet Republic]] is granted full independence by the [[CSDS]].
*The [[Upper Nigervolta|Upper Volta]] is granted independence by the [[CSDS]].
*11 March - Personal union between [[Corea]] and [[Japan]].

===1961===
*[[Andrei Vlasov]] is deposed; [[Yevgeni Lipov]] becomes the new ''Supreme Leader of the Russian People''.

===1963===
*[[Kongo]] is granted independence by the [[CSDS]].
*The [[Togo|Togolese Soviet Republic]] becomes the Togolese Republic after President Silvanu Olimpiu is assassinated and Nikola Grunitzky becomes president.

===1964===
*8 June - The [[Japanese Government#Constitution of Japan|Third Constitution of Japan]] is ratified.

===1967===
*[[Biafra]] declares independence from [[Gold Coast]]; war begins.
*A coup d'etat in [[Togo]] topples President Grunitzky.
*[[Henri Samuel Truman]] declines to run for renewed office and retires from public life.
*[[Roberto Tascon|Gen. Tascón]], Supreme Chief of the [[Castilian State]] dies. [[Edward I of Castile and Leon|Eduardo Hohenzollen]] is crowned as king Eduardo of the [[Kingdom of Castilian Spain]].

===1969===
*[[Jalan Quyrat-ulı]] [[Ilxanate|Ilxan]] of [[Turkestan]] dies; office passes to [[Mızar Aman Beğ-ulı]] after a protracted power struggle.

===1970===
*[[Gold Coast]] re-conquers [[Biafra]]; war ends.
*The Logone Empire declares independence from [[Upper Nigervolta|Upper Volta]]; war begins.
*[[Lùquiù]] joins the [[Japan|Japanese Empire]].

===1971===
* Lipov is deposed; Marshall [[Pyotr Popovich]] becomes the new ''Supreme Leader of the Russian People''.

===1972===
*[[Henri Samuel Truman]] dies 26 December (19 Nivose, CLXXXI) in Lamar, Osage.

===1973===
*The [[Togo|Togolese Republic]] is declared a Marxist-Leninist state by chief of state Major Maceu Kereku and renamed the Togolese Socialist Republic.
*The Logone Empire is re-conquered and re-integrated into [[Upper Nigervolta|Upper Volta]]; the war ends but Logone insurgency begins.

===1975===
*The [[Togo|Togolese Socialist Republic]] is renamed the People's Republic of Benin to distance the country from its colonial past.
*[[Edward I of Castile and Leon|King Eduardo]] of [[Kingdom of Castilian Spain|Castilian Spain]] dies.  His nephew [[Alfonso Joseph I of Castile and Leon|Alfonso Joseph Hohenzollen]] is crowned as King Alfonso José.
*[[Mary Louise I of Castile and Leon|Queen María Luisa]] of [[Kingdom of Castile and Leon (overseas)|Castile and Leon]] abdicates in favour of [[Alfonso Joseph I of Castile and Leon|King Alfonso José of Castilian Spain]].  The two Castiles are reunited.

===1976===
*22 September (1 Vendemiare, CLXXXV) - [[Marc-Albert Mitterand]] is sworn in as First President of Louisianne.
*Popovich dies; he is briefly succeeded by patriarch [[Dmitri Razin]] as ''Supreme Leader of the Russian People''; Razin dies after a few days, and his place is taken by [[Dmitri Spiridonov]].

===1977===
*The death of Spiridonov; [[Porfiri Bogolyubov]] becomes the new ''Supreme Leader of the Russian People''.

===1979===
*Eastern agitation and insurgency for an independent state of Chad erupts in [[Upper Nigervolta|Upper Volta]]; the Lagos Accord is signed granting autonomy to the eastern provinces.
*Andrew Morris purchases Lundy Island and its related prerogatives from the heirs of Mr Harmon.

===1980===
*War between [[Hunan]] and [[Nanhanguo]]
*Insurgency re-erupts in eastern [[Upper Nigervolta|Upper Volta]], autonomy is suspended.
*the [[Russia]]n invasion of the [[Moghul National Realm]].
*[[NAL-SLC]]: [[Assassination of James Wainright|Assassination]] of GM [[James Wainwright]].
*[[Mızar Aman Beğ-ulı]] [[Ilxanate|Ilxan]] of [[Turkestan]] dies; [[Hamra Maxambet-ulı]] elected as [[Ilxanate|Ilxan]].

===1980-1985===
*The [[Russo-Moghul War]].

===1981===
*[[SNOR]] leader Bogolyubov crowns himself czar.

===1982===
*An army and popular revolt deposes President Kereku of the [[Togo|People's Republic of Benin]]and the Togolese Republic is re-established.

===1984===
*Bogolyubov is deposed and succeeded by [[Vitali Zeleznev]] as ''Supreme Leader of the Russian People''.
*[[Raza İris Baı-ulı]] seizes [[Turkestan|Turkestani]] [[Ilxanate]] in a coup d'etat against [[Hamra Maxambet-ulı]].

===1985===
*War erupts in [[Togo]] as exiled former dictator Major Maceu Kereku returns and declares the eastern part of the country independent as the People's Democratic Socialist Republic of Benin (PDSRB); Ewe State declares independence from PDSRB, lasts less than one day; PDSRB capitulates 38 days after declaration of independence; the war ends and Kereku is executed.
*Zeleznev resigns; [[Gorbachenko|Mikhail Gorbachenko]] becomes the new ''Supreme Leader of the Russian People''.
*[[KwaKholwa]] becomes independent. It is soon renamed [[Zululand]].

===1988===
*The [[Bulgaria|Bulgarian Soviet Republic]] declares independence from the [[CSDS|Confederation of Soviet Danubian States]], civil war breaks out; this war is often referred to as the [[Great Balkan War]]; by the end of the year [[Dalmatia]], [[Serbia]] and [[Sanjak]] declare independence as well.
*Violent campaign by nationalists against English and other foreign influences and immigration. Violence erupts most horrifically in the eastern Centrebs of the Province. Twenty-five Saxons living in the Province are lynched and at least sixty Saxon homes are burnt.

===1989===
*[[Government of National Unity]] in [[Turkestan]] overthrown; death of [[Raza İris Baı-ulı]] [[Ilxanate|Ilxan]].

===1990===
*Costenhin, Duke of Kemr (Crown Prince), dies of cancer. His son, Pedr, is recognised as heir apparent of Kemr.
*[[Sultan Qasım-ulı]] elected [[Ilxanate|Ilxan]] of [[Turkestan]].

===1991-1994===
*[[Qaşgar War]] between [[Turkestan]] and [[Uyguristan]].

===1991===
*Fall of [[SNOR]]; foundation of the [[Russian Federation]].
*Fall of the Rational-Progressive Party in the [[Republic of Ezo]].

===1992===
*[[Ezo]] is reintegrated into [[Japan]].

===1994===
*The Breton Parliament is bombed by rioting French fishermen.
*The Assyrian Church is invited to send monks to occupy the long-abandoned Monastery of the Nativity in the Monastic Republic, which they rename the Monastery of St. Thomas.

===1995===
*The Imperial Succession Law is changed in [[Japan]] to permit female succession.

===1996===
*[[Slovenia]] declares independence from the [[CSDS|Confederation of Soviet Danubian States]]; this is quickly crushed and re-absorbed.

===1997===
*Settlement of [[Qaşgar War]] transfers [[Qaşgar]] Province from [[Uyguristan]] to [[Turkestan]].

===1999===
*Pretences as to continued existence of the [[CSDS|Confederation of Soviet Danubian States]] is dropped; by this time the [[CSDS]] consists only of [[Croatia]] and occupied [[Slovenia]]; it is henceforth called the [[Croatia|Independent State of Croatia]].
*Peace agreement signed between the [[Upper Nigervolta|Upper Voltan]] government and all insurgents. This lays the framework for the establishment of a confederation of states.
*[[Igor Arensky]] is elected president of [[Russia]].

===2000===
*2 May - [[Paul II of Greece|Paul Theodopolous]] crowns himself Paul II of [[Greece]].
*[[Marc-Albert Mitterand]] dies in a semi-suspicious tryst with a lover.  The mistress is widely suspected of being a [[Tejas|Tejan]] operative.

==21st Century==
===2002===
*23 August - Former [[Naruhito, Prince Hiro|Crown Prince Naruhito]] of [[Japan]] is assassinated by members of the radical [[People's Party of Japan]]; The emperor is seriously wounded.
*[[Gerontius IX]] is the first High King of [[Dumnonia]] to be crowned in Brittany as well as Dumnonia since 1532. This action causes a stir in France.

===2003===
*War between [[Hunan]] and [[Canton]].
*30 April - Condominium status is approved for the Cruzan Islands.
*12 June - The Cruzan High Court rules on the referendum's nature.
*September - Passage of the Homesteading Act in the Cruzan Islands.
*11 September - Doña [[Maria Gabriella Fuersten zu Solms-Braunfels|Maria Gabriella Fürsten zu Solms-Braunfels]] is crowned Queen of [[Tejas]].

===2004===
*1 January - Upper Volta formally becomes the United States of [[Upper Nigervolta]].
*26 January6 - Death of King Gereint XIII of Kemr; succession of King Pedr V.
*5 February - Airing of documentary in the Cruzan Islands alleging payoffs to the Cruzan High Court.
*19 February - The [[Scandinavian Realm]] and the [[Germany|Holy Roman Empire]] create the [[Tysk-Skandinaviske Rum Compagnie]] to exploit space together.
*20 February - [[Florida-Caribbea]] sends troops into the Cruzan Islands to &quot;restore order&quot;.
*12 March - The Cruzan Islands declare their independence from [[Florida-Caribbea]].
*13 March - Declaration of war by the [[Scandinavian Realm]] against [[Florida-Caribbea]].
*18 March - [[Bush|Jaime Bush]] pushed away as ''presidente'' of [[Florida-Caribbea]] in a coup by a junta led by general Silva-Gonzales.
*19 March - An atomic bomb explodes in the Cruzan capital Charlotte Amalie.
*23 March - The [[NAL-SLC| NAL]] invades northern [[Florida]].
*25 March - A second Atomic Bomb explodes 30 kilometres off the coast of [[Louisianne]], sending a radioactive rain over a large land area.
*26 March - The [[Scandinavian Realm]] cedes a zone of control to the [[Republic_of_the_Two_Crowns]].
*31 March - Declaration of Union of [[Latvia]] and [[Tobago]].
*6 June - [[Emperor Saisei]] of [[Japan]] abdicates in favor of [[Empress Gacudai]], his granddaughter]].
*17 June - Beginning of uprising in Avilés, [[East Florida]].
*June 22 - End of uprising in Avilés, [[East Florida]]
*18 August - The [[Tysk-Skandinaviske Rum Compagnie]] sends the first chimp into orbit.
*23 August - The [[Tysk-Skandinaviske Rum Compagnie]] sends the first two men into orbit, the 4 feet tall negrito testæronauts [[Georg Aleksandersen Gagadie]] and [[Josef Petersen Quitinga]], who also perform the first ever freefall dive from space.
*7 September - Death of [[Guillaume Henri Claintaun]].
*21 October - The [[Tysk-Skandinaviske Rum Compagnie]] launches its first telecommunications satellite, constructed jointly with [[Rigets Radio]] and the [[Store Nordiske Telegrafselskab A/S]].
*26 December - A çunami kills hundreds of thousands in southern Asia, including the first cosmonauts [[Georg Aleksandersen Gagadie]] and [[Josef Petersen Quitinga]].

===2005===
*1 January - The [[Empire of Saint-Domingue]] declared unified.  Elections scheduled for summer.
*26 February - [[ATOE]] launches their first cosmonaut to space who circles the globe completely an as yet unreleased number of times and then returns safely back to Earth.
*30 April 30 - The [[Lusoamerican Union]] (with the provisional exception of [[Uruguay]]) adopts the ''conto'' (¢) as common currency for international trade and exchange.
*17 May - [[SpaceOrg]] founded by the merger of several [[Central Asia|Central Asian]] financiers and amateur space organizations.

=== 2006 ===
*11 March - Retired [[Emperor Saisei]] of [[Japan]] dies.
*28 May - [[Empress Gacudai]] of Japan and First President [[Jean-François Young]] of [[Louisianne]] are assassinated in [[Lyons-sur-Mizouri]], [[Louisianne]].
*22 Sept - [[Marie-Claire Gildersleeve]] is elected [[First Presidents of Louisianne|First President]] of Louisianne.

=== 2008 ===
*Andrew Morris acquires [[Tokelau]]; is charged with being a &quot;self made emperor&quot;.
*25 December - Independence declared in [[Commonwealth of Four Palms]], once part of the occupied territory of [[South Florida]].

=== 2009 ===
*3 March - Constitution ratified in Four Palms.
*16 April - [[Persia|Persian]]-[[Turkestan|Turkestani]]-[[Qazaqstan (Russia)|Qazaqstani]] consortium [[SpaceOrg]] successfully launches its first satellite ''Dostlik''.

&lt;!--- === 2012 ===
*21 December - World Ends, Chicken Little Vindicated.--&gt;

[[Category:History]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Roman History</title>
    <id>948</id>
    <revision>
      <id>52103</id>
      <timestamp>2008-07-15T17:37:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zahir</username>
        <id>35</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{herebedragons}}
= &lt;i&gt;Large sections of this are currently in violation of &lt;/i&gt;[[QSS]]&lt;i&gt; and need to be reviewed and changed.  Do not, by any means take this as more than guidelines.&lt;/i&gt; =

= Roman History =

In Ill Bethisad, the Roman Empire continued in its growth until the time of Augustus Caesar where growth halted at the Rhine, the Danube or Ister and the Fortified Alps and Britannia. The Rhine nor Danube were not to be breached until almost one hundred years later.

== Julio-Claudians ==
In wake of civil war which effectively ended the Roman Republic, Julius Caesar's nephew Octavian ended up absolute ruler of the Empire.  In theory the state was still a republic, but Octavian--now ''Augustus''--had gathered all authority into his own hands under a system that was called the ''Principate''.  Whether such was his intention or no, he founded a monarchy and its first dynasty began with him and continued via his stepson (none of Augustus' own children survived him).

* '''Augustus''' (27 BCE - 14 CE) tried very hard to stabilize the Roman state, and to a large extent succeeded.
* '''Tiberius''' (14 CE - 37 CE) was Augustus' stepson and had married Augustus daughter Julia.  By the time he came to the principacy, he was in late middle age and after a few years retired to Capri.  His reign was marked by a series of treason trials, organized by the all-powerful ''Sejanus'', prefect of the praetorian guard--until the trials claimed him and his followers.
* '''Gaius &quot;Caligula&quot; Caesar''' (37 - 41 CE) was the great nephew of Tiberius, grandson of his brother Drusus.  Initially, his ascension was greeted with great acclaim but following an illness he exhibited increasingly erratic behavior.  In the end, he was assassinated by a cabal of Senators and army officers.
* '''Claudius I''' (41 - 54 CE) was Caligula's uncle, born with a club foot and so relegated to academic pursuits.  He was made Emperor by the Praetorian Guard.
* '''Nero''' (54 - 68 CE) was Claudius' stepson, and Caligula's nephew, who supplanted the Emperor's own son ''Brittanicus''.  Nero was not the raving madman he was later reputed to be, but in general he was a failure who sparked a rebellion and committed suicide rather than be captured by the rebels.

After Nero was the &quot;Year of the Four Emperors,&quot; a time of great instability and tumult until ''Vespasian'' managed to win the principacy, to be succeeded by his sons and then by the relatively stable set of ''Antonine'' Emperors which ended with Marcus Aurelius.

== Germany ==

After the invasion of Marcomans and other Germanic tribes into the Roman province Pannonia, emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus launched a counterattack to repulse them back behind the Danube. In order to prevent further invasions from this territory, they decided to conquer the territory north of the Danube in 175 EC. Because of strong support of Senate, Marcus Aurelius succeeded. (POD: senator Tercenarius *there* decided to fund the conquest of the new Northern provinces instead of peasant rebellion in Aegyptus and Avidus Cassius usurpation in 175 EC). So, Rome had two new provinces, Boiohaemia/Marcomania and Sarmantia, both belonging to Senate. The western border was Bohemian-Moravian Upland, the Northern border Gesenke (Jeseníky), the Tatras and the Dnester river, and the Eastern border the river Prut. Capital city of Boiohaemia/Marcomania was Brennum (Pryn), of Samartia Samara (Satu Mare). Because of continuing invasions of new Germanic tribes from the north, the provinces Boiohemia/Marcomania, Sarmantia, Pontus and Dacia were abandoned by emperor Lucius Domitius Aurelianus in 270 EC. However, the already romanised population was able to hold successfully, because of their organization and technologies, for quite a long time. 

Under Emperor Trajan the boundaries of the empire extended beyond the Danube or Ister into Dacia, and later beyond, into Armenia and Mesopotamia. Emperor Hadrian, Trajan's appointed successor, however, felt that the Empire had been overextended, and thus to preserve the strength of the armies relinquished Trajan's conquests in Armenia and Mesopotamia. 

In Response to the Bar Kokhba Revolt of 132-135 CE, Hadrian recruited colonists of civilians and soldiers from all over the empire and transported them to Judaea. It is reputed that a large number of the settlers came from Dalmatia, a section of Illyricum. 

Hadrian's intent was to thoroughly romanize Judaea. Only colonists could hold government positions, and the use of Hebrew or the local Aramaic wsa discouraged, and discontent of the Jews was largely quelled, for a time. In response to the continual battering of the Picts and Scots, Hadrian ordered construction of a wall, almost twenty feet high and eight feet thick the width of the British Isle. 

The Roman Empire continued in peace for a time, but after the good emperors Antonius Pius and Marcus Aurelius, the Empire fell into decline. 

= THE CRISIS =

Aurelieus' debauched son, Commodus lived riotously, squandering the funds of the Empire, in twelve short years he had weakened the Empire and allowed barbarians to enter the land and colonize as well as join the armies.k He was assassinated to the short-term relief of Romans in 192 CE. 

The rule of the Severi was to follow, and was one of military squander, assassination and overall mismanagement. Following this clan of emperors were a series of generals from 235-249. Almost 20 men and generals claimed the throne for a time during this turbulent period, though only five were officially accepted as emperor. 

The turning point of decline came in 251 as Decius defeated the invading Goths in the Danube. In the terms of peace between Rome and the Goths, Decius offered forth a plan. If the Goths were willing to join with Rome, Rome would accept them as citizens and give them the Eastern portions of Asia Minor as well as the entire province (albeit small) of Armenia. Though this seemed to be a surrender of territory, Decius preferred to lose a specific amount of territory to a known enemy than to lose all of the Empire to an irrepressible foe. 

It was his plan to create a buffer between Rome and Empire and the threatinging Parthians to the east. This peace caused a split among the tribes of the Goths, and the Ostrogoths chose to remain on the shores of the black Sea, while the Visigoths moved to the waiting territory or Armenia, and Eastern Aisa Minor. 

Decius was pleased as they were ready to defend 'their' lands against the pushy Sassanian King, Shapur I, who had begun his reign in the early 24''s by raiding Roman ttowns. With the Visigoths at least temporarily domesticated, Decius was able to turn his attentions elsewhere, though sadly only for a short time. 

Vallerian and Gallienus removed Decius from power and had him executed upon his return to Rome. They had, in Decius' abscence, defeated two rivals, Gallus and Aemiliaus. This father-son team were well suited to the battlefield, and seeing an opportunity to repulse the Sassanians with the aid of the Visigoths set forth on a campaign. Unfortunately plauge broke out in the ranks of troops, and reduced their numbers. They sacked twice Susa, initially in 257, and again in 260. Unfortunately, Vallerian and half of the surviving troops were trapped in the city by Shapur I's troops. Vallarian then made the mistake of agreeing to meet personally with Shapur, where he was captured along with officers, and he was Shapur's horse-0mounting step for the rest of his life. 

Presuming weakness in the Empire, Odaenath of Palmyra declared himself King of Palmyra and independent of Rome, though he died shortly thereafter, it is presumed, at the hand of his wife, Zenobia. 

Aureilian, Gallienus' embattled heir, upon securing his throne two years after Gallienus' death, proceeded to reign in the errant Palmyra. With the Visigoths occupying the weakened Sassanians, he turned his attention to Zenobia and her rebel 'kingdoom'. Rather than dispatch the 'Queen' Aurelian chose instead to isolate her in a villa - depriving the Palmyrans of a rallying martyr. 

Aurelian and the commander of the armies, Claudius Gothicus dealt heavy blows to the Alemanni, a tribe invading from Germania. Aurelian and his appointed successor, Probvus sought to restore Rome to it's former glory, and as Corus, Probu's successor declared, Nova Pax Romana was established. Grain began to be grown again in Italy, restoring balance financially, decreasing dependence on imports, and though strongly supported by government stipends, trade was rebuilt, restoring the affairs of the Empire to a state much closer to those in which Marcus Aurelius had lived. 

= DIOCLETIAN AND THE TETRARCHY =

Diocletian Dalmaticus, as many called him, hailed from the shores of Illyricum, the region known as Dalmatia. Being an innovator and straight-spoken, Diocletian initiated a series of reforms in government, economy and the military. He elevated himself as emperor and barred access to himself behind a new form of bureaucracy. He made no pretense as he opnly declared himself dominus - gone forever were the days of the princeps or man of the people. 

Realizing that there was very little standing between the provincial governor-warlords and civil war. In order to prolong Nova Pax Romana he separated civil and military powers in the provinces, appointed a dux or duke to lead the army. In order to limit the available power of the duces, Diocletian nearly doubled the number of provinces to almost a hundred, thus reducing the man power of each dux and assuring the peace. 

To facilitate governing such a large empire, Diocletian instituted thirteen diocese or regions, governed by a vicarius or vicar. Above the vicars Diocletian appointed praetorian prefects. These governed the four quarters of the empire. 

It was at this time that Diocletian began his efforts to seek to stop the problems of invaders. In Germania Superior he selected a city-cite and from the Senators of Rome and other loyal citizens he selected colonists to strengthen this recently overrun area. The Alemanni were not subjugate but rather were offered the opportunity to enjoy the prosperity of Rome. Their chieftains were offered high roles and stipends in the newly established government, provided they learn Latin. Through the chieftains the Alemanni tribes were offered the prosperity of Rome. The Senator-colonists learned the ALemmanni tongue to be able to communicate with the people, but after the first ten years, Latin was enstated as the official language and the children of the Alemanniw ere schooled in Roman culture, language and were made citizens. 

While the Alemanni were accepting of this treatment, Diocleatians attemps at civilizing the barbarians were largely a failure. The Ostrogoths on the Black Sea's shores resisted the civilizing influence, and the Visigoths in Armenia and Eastern Asia Minor, having realized they were being used left their settlements vacant and settled with their cousins, taking the vacant province of Dacia as their own, and resisted and rousted any Roman advancement into the province.  The Scythians who resided in the area were equally resistant to the invaders.

To the role of praetorian prefects he appointed three others, the primary prefect being Rome and Italia, which as was historically viewed superior to the others, at least in the onset of his reign. The appointed praetorians were first Maximian, and then Galerius and Constantius, forming the Tetrarchy, which was heavily propagandized. It was not openly referred to then, though later it was commonly called dominus dalmatia or Rule of the Dalmatians, all four of the Tetrarchs hailing from the Dalmatian coast. While Maximian and Constantius reigned in the western prefectures, Diocletian chose the stable east and took Galerius with him. Maximian ruled from Augusta Trevorum, Constantius from Rome or Milan (according to his fancy), Galerius from Thessalonica and Diocletian from Nicomedia. 


[DH]

[[Category:History]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Louisianne History</title>
    <id>949</id>
    <revision>
      <id>12037</id>
      <timestamp>2005-02-14T02:49:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>edit</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[History of Louisianne]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Haytian History</title>
    <id>950</id>
    <revision>
      <id>63883</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-17T04:01:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zahir</username>
        <id>35</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* HISTORY */ earthquake</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">= HISTORY =

*1791 - Beginning of the uprising.
*1793 - b. Jacque bien-Aimé Dessalines, future Jacque II.
*1799 - Death of General Toussain L'ouverture after his victorious battle against his rival, General Rigaud.
*1800 - Thomas Jefferson, author of the Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom (1786) assists in writing the Haitian Constitution and makes the first English translation of it.
*1801 - France recognise Saint-Domingue as a republic with as head of state Jean-Jacques Dessaline, created as King Jacques 1er (officialy, the rebelion was only against the local french nobility and not France itself).
*1806 - Death of Jacques 1er, he is replaced by his son, Jacques II under regency of his mother Empress Marie-Claire Heureuse Félicité.
*1821 - The army invade The west and unify the island.
*1829 - Death of Jacques II, not having had offspring, he is replaced by his nephew, Baptiste Ier (from his twin sister Princess Célestine).
*18?? - Baptiste Ier refuse to recognise the return of the ancient regime in France and declare himself Emperor of Saint-Domingue.
*1879 - Death of Baptiste 1er, he is replaced by his son, Felix Ier
*1903 - Death of Felix Ier, he is replaced by his son, Louis-Joseph Ier. The new king proved to be weak-willed and lacking in charisma. Despite numerous calls to deploy the army to protect the island, he decided to pursue a policy of appeasement toward Florida-Caribea and let them retake the Castilean-speaking part. A civil war starts in the unoccupied part of the island between rebel pro-republican forces and loyalists.
*1915 - The loyalists under Général Bonenfant manage to pacify the eastern part and formely recognise the FC ownership of the west under the name of Dominican republic. a new constitution is drafted that make the emperor a strictly symbolic figure but gives most power to the prime-minister.
*1957 - the military overthrow the prime-minister and send the emperor into exile. The country is renamed Republic of Hayti. It renegued its treaty recognising the status of the Dominican Republic.  Beginning of border skirmishes between the 2 states.
*2002 - beginning of the invasion of Hayti.
*2004 - Dissolution of [[Florida-Caribbea]], Francophilic peacekeepers arrive to support the Dessaline House during the interregnum.
*2010 - a huge earthquake devastates the capital Port Au Prince.  International rescue efforts flood into the area.

Since we know that Napoleon died in 1825 *there* while still in power, the return to monarchy in France would have occured later on. Napoleon II (only 13) would have ruled under regency by his mother the Empress Marie-Louise. I have assumed that the restoration occured somewhere between 1830-1848 with Louis-Philippe 1er (that king was not considered legitimate by some, giving an excuse why NF refused to rejoin France.) This would be followed as *here* by the second empire of Napoleon III and then the second republic which lasted to this day (we already know that there was no 4th republic due to a lack of Vichy so why not simplify the number a bit more ?)

[[Category:Hayti]]
[[Category:History]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Second Great War</title>
    <id>951</id>
    <revision>
      <id>55689</id>
      <timestamp>2008-11-26T19:18:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* The War Begins */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">&lt;table border=1 width=250px align=right&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=2&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;font size=4&gt;Wars of Ill Bethisad&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=2&gt;&lt;div align=center&gt;[[Image:war_logo2.gif|250px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Name(s):&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Second Great War&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Start of hostilities:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;1939&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;End of hostilities:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;1949&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Winning side:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Losing side:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[Image:Flag allied powers.jpg|125px]]&lt;br&gt;[[Allied Powers]]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[Image:Deflag.gif|125px]]&lt;br&gt;
[[Holy Roman Empire]]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[Image:Snor-nat.png|125px]]&lt;br&gt;[[Russia]]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;
[[Image:Imperial China flag.png|125px]]&lt;br&gt;[[China]]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[Image:Srflag.gif|125px]]&lt;br&gt;[[Scandinavian Realm]]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;
[[Image:Flag ethiopia.JPG|125px]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ethiopia]]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[Image:Veneda-nat.png|125px]]&lt;br&gt;[[Veneda]]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;
[[Image:Greek flag.gif|125px]]&lt;br&gt;[[Greece]]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[Image:Japan flag.png|125px]]&lt;br&gt;[[Japan]]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;
[[Image:Hungary flag.gif|125px]]&lt;br&gt;[[Hungary]]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Resulting treaty/treaties:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Treaty of Visby, [[Treaty of Copenhagen]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Major consequences:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Breakup of [[China]], [[Prussia]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Info about the '''Second Great War''' is still scattered all over the place, but a more or less consistent description can be found [http://steen.free.fr/rtc/history.html#gw2 here]

Here's the content so that it can be further worked on:

Great War II was essentially a [[Germany|German]] civil war that indirectly became a world war. It began with the efforts of the German Emperor and his faithful aide [[Adolf Hessler]] to create a unified Germany - not by merging the numerous small states into one, but by creating a strong, central power with all the local dukes and princes becoming mere figureheads under the leadership of Prussia, by far the most powerful German state and the axis around which Germany turned. Hessler himself obtained the position of chief of staff in the Prussian army, ultimately becaming more powerful than the Kaiser. In fact, he overshadowed the king to such a degree, that he soon received the nickname “Adolf I”.

== [[Preludes to GWII|1920-1933]] ==

During the 1920s and early 1930s, [[Prussia]] gained total control over the Empire, using a combination of military pressure, political machinations, and false promises to local kings, dukes or princes. [[Anhalt]], [[Braunschweig]] and [[Waldeck-Pyrmont|Waldeck]] were incorporated into Prussia with the international community hardly noticing it. Hannover was conquered without much trouble too. Surely, Prussia was not alone in its efforts: states like [[Hessen]], [[Saxony]], Hohenzollern, and the Rheinland supported it. On the other hand, certain North German states were strongly opposed to Prussian centralism, notably [[Oldenborg]] and [[Schleswig-Holstein|Holstein]], states that belonged to the [[Scandinavian Realm]] as fiefs of the German Empire, and [[Mecklenburg]], because the Scandinavian queen at the time was the daughter of the duke. It took lots of brutal violence, blackmail, forged elections and the assassination of the Duke of Mecklenburg, before Holstein, Oldenborg, [[Bremen]], [[Hamborg]] and Mecklenburg were effectively gleichgeschaltet. Though these Duchies and Principalities were subjected to the German throne, unrest was rampant, especially in Mecklenburg, Oldenburg and Holstein.  The Scandinavian queen, who nominally remained Duchess of Holstein was unable to do much against the situation.  The aggression was hardly enough to declare war.

== [[Austrian Anschluss and the Helvetian Takeover]] ==

And so, when [[Austria]] joined the Empire in 1934 (also through political machinations), it became part of a more or less united German Empire under Prussian hegemony. Proud of what he had accomplished, the Emperor then spoke the historical words: “Look boyos, we almost had Paris last go round; what say we give it the old college try one more time, eh, what?”, and in 1935 the Empire attacked [[Helvetia]]. Helvetia wasn't exactly popular among the other countries of the world, because in the not-too-distant past it had been quite belligerent itself; apart from a few official protests, nobody interfered and Germany was allowed to do its thing there. Helvetia was conquered and incorporated in the beginning of 1939.

== [[Grossartige Allianz| The Großartige Alliance]] ==

Germany had become the most powerful country in Europe. This made it particularly interesting for the frustrated [[SNOR]] rulers of [[Russia]], who desperately needed some success abroad to justify their not-too-popular interior policy. In 1936 they formed an alliance with Germany, the [[Grossartige Allianz|Großartige Allianz]]. Other countries joined the German-Russian axis as well; [[Greece]] had been itching to move East and go to war with the Turks since the collapse of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1922, and in 1936, encouraged by the Germans and then allied with them, it finally did so. [[Hungary]], out for revenge for its painful defeat in Great War I, joined the Allianz in 1937, followed in 1939 by [[Ukraine]], [[Belarus]], and the Danubian Confederation.

In March 1939 the Russian leader [[Vissarionov]] concluded a secret treaty with Germany, that become known later as the Lipov-Von Korff Treaty. Central and Eastern Europe were divided into two spheres of influence: a part where Germany could do whatever it wanted without Russian interference, and vice versa. A first effect of this treaty was the annexation of Bohemia by Germany: a pro-German coup in the [[Bohemia|Bohemian Kingdom]] on 2 April 1939 resulted in Königreich der Böhmischen Kronländer, which then requested and received full incorporation into the HRE. (3)

== [[Declaration of War|The War Begins]] ==
[[image:Hessler-staff.jpg|thumb|Großfeldmarschall Hessler (center) with his Staff]]

Despite the significance of the preceding events, they were mostly neglected and ignored by the Western powers. This would finally change after five months: on 1 September 1939, Germany attacked [[Veneda]] on 1 September 1939, and slighly more than two weeks later, on 18 September, Russia invaded [[Lithuania]]. In response to these invasions, the Allies (the [[Federated Kingdoms]], [[France]], the Italies) formally declared war on the Allianz, although initially it did not come to any fightings. This marks the official beginning of the Second Great War.

By the end of October, both Veneda and Lithuania were conquered (Lithuania was conquered in the so-called [[Thunderstorm War]]). Subsequently, Russia launched an attack on Nassina on 3 November (4), and by June 1940, [[Nassland|Nassina]], [[Estonia]] and [[Latvia]] were conquered as well. In 1940, Germany had equally little trouble rolling through [[Batavian Kingdom|Batavia]] and [[Jervaine]]: both were conquered in a few days, despite their fortifications.  Germany thus flanked the Maginot Line and moved on to occupy most of Francie (Northern France) by the end of the year. In the same period, [[Oltenia]] and [[Muntenia]] were conquered and annexed by Hungary, and Moldova by Ukraine.

The German attack on Veneda made more sense than it would seem. It was not merely a matter of Lebensraum; a considerable part of the population of the Venedic Kingdom was (High or Low) German speaking, and many of them would rather join the German Empire than be part of a half-Catholic, half-pagan RTC. Although they invaded one country after another, the Germans were definitely no nazis like *here*. Unlike the Russian SNOR regime they did not carry an ideology (except perhaps for some vague conceptions about Pan-Germanism, Lebensraum, and building up a huge empire), never persecuted Jews, and never shot entire villages as a repressaille for the murder of one German soldier. They were primarily motivated by power, prestige, and economic benefits. Their treatment of subject countries was relatively humane.

The actual course of the war can be seen in the [[Outline of GW2]].

== Progress of the War &amp; The End of The Allianz ==

Initially, the Großartige Allianz proved successful. By 1941, it had most of Europe under its control, and China - not officially a member of the Allianz but allied with it anyway - was making similar progress in the Far East (5). All that was left of the [[Allied Powers]] were the Federated Kingdoms, Gaulhe, the Italies, the SLC-NAL, Australasia, South Africa, Guyana, and rest of the Commonwealth. Scandinavia and the Iberian countries were still neutral at the time.

Major campaigns and events in the war include:

* The [[Thunderstorm War]] - Russian invasion of Lithuania.
* The [[Ethiopian Liberation War]] - The general term to describe the Ethiopian expansion and subsequent loss (see [[Panafricanism]] for the ideology of these campaigns).
* The [[French Stalemate]] - Once the Blitzkrieg into France stalled, what followed was a prolonged series of battles of maneuver, as each side tacitly agreed to &quot;pull their punch&quot; while the other did the same.
* The [[Battle for the Channel]] - the aborted attempt to invade Britain.
* The [[Atlantic Air War]] - in which the ''Luftwaffe'' came perilously close to cutting off the chain of supply from the Americas.
* [[Operation Rhinegold]] - The fight for Russia, an epic battle between Field Marshall Rommel's Russian Korps and the White Army under General Zhukhov.
* The [[Balkan Campaigns]] - The gruelling series of battles and campaigns to get at the Holy Roman Empire via the southeast.  It probably extended the war by as much as two years.
* The Northron War - the coordinated series of attacks into the HRE from the SR and Allied Powers.

Two factors would eventually determine the final defeat of the Allianz: mutual distrust between Russia and Germany that would cause a split in the Allianz and finally escalate into a war in 1943, and Germany's failed attack on Scandinavia.

The first signs of a split in the Allianz became visible in 1941, when the Danubian Confederation withdrew from it after some generals had removed the prime minister and abrogated the treaty. This annoyed the Allianz, and soon Germany, Hungary and Greece invaded with Russian support. 
[[Image:Eiffelhessler.jpg|thumb|150px|Adolf Hessler and an aide pose before the Eiffel Tower.]]
The Danubian Confederation did not stand a chance; it formally ceased to exist, and in its place several smaller puppet states were established, one of which was the Independent State of Croatia, led Ante Paveli&amp;#263;. This Croatia was rather, or very, fascist, more so than any other member of the Allianz; the Ustaša doctrine regarded all Slavs as subhuman (holding that the Croats were actually Goths who had picked up the language of the local Slavs), and this view clashed heavily with the new snorist regimes of the Kingdoms of Bulgaria and Serbia, which had factually become Russian satellites. As tension between the Croats and the Serbs grew, mutual distrust between Russia and Germany grew with it. By 1943 the Allianz had factually ceased to exist, and in its place two camps stood diametrically opposite each other: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, [[Serbia]] and [[Bulgaria]] at one side, Germany, Hungary, [[Croatia]] and a half-hearted Greece at the other. When Russia and Serbia finally invaded Croatia, it took Germany less than a day to respond: from Veneda, it launched a massive attack against Russian-occupied Lithuania, and from there rolled quickly into Belarus and Russia proper. Less than a year later the Baltic states, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, the Crimea, and much of European Russia were occupied by the German-Hungarian armies; the Russian government was forced to leave Moscow and settle itself in Jekaterinenburg, in the Urals.

== Hessler's Mistake ==
Blinded by this success, Hessler, who had become Germany's indisputed leader after the Emperor's death, made a capital mistake: in 1945, he launched an attack on [[Rygen]], which was a Danish fief and thus an integral part of the Scandinavian Realm. From a geopolitical point of view this attack made sense; besides, Rygen had been annoying Hessler for a long time, because most people who managed to escape the country did so by crossing the border with Rygen, from where they took the boat to Denmark, Sweden, or other parts of the world. Indeed preparations for the attack had been made much earlier, but were never realised because of the war with Russia. Nevertheless, the attack was the beginning of the end for Germany, as it turned a neutral neighbour into a powerful enemy. First of all, the attack on Scandinavia caused much turmoil within the north German states, in particular Oldenburg and Holstein, who plainly refused to take part in an attack of their own (still Scandinavian) head of state. Besides, Germany's resources were seriously stretched by now, and they were stretched even further by Mecklenburgish loyalist partisans, who seriously complicated Germany's passage to Rygen. Furthermore, Scandinavian defenses had been beefed up considerably since the 1920s. Between Slesvig and Holstein, there were the Danevirke (a wall running along the border), modernized and ready by the early 1930s. In Rygen, a defensive wall had been built along the Peene and Recknitz rivers (using the rivers themselves as moats) and completed by the late 1930s. In the seas, the Kongelige Skandinaviske Marine (Royal Scandinavian Navy) was by no means an easy target for the German Kriegsmarine either, especially since the Kriegsmarine had only half its strengh (6) and German shipping and ports were constantly harassed by Scandinavian privateers. Thus the attack on Rygen, intended to be a matter of hours by dropping a lot of bombs to clear out the terrain for German ground forces, became a matter of weeks instead. Before Germany had a chance to realise its plans to launch an air campaign against Slesvig and Denmark, a massive Scandinavian counterattack stopped the German troups near the Danevirke.

Germany now had to fight on three fronts, and in addition it had to cope with growing internal opposition. The situation became even worse for Germany when Russia concluded a separate peace with the Allies in 1946. Both sides were tired of the war, and although the Allies were not particularly fond of Russia's SNOR regime, there had never been any direct conflict with it either, which made the alliance significantly easier to swallow for them. And so, when the German war with Scandinavia reached its peak, Germany's progress into Russian territory was finally stopped in the historic battle of Vissarionovgrad. Subsequently, Russia fought the Germans with renewed courage and managed to overrun all the territories it had previously lost to Germany even quicklier than Germany had been able to take them. In the second half of 1947, Russia had recovered all of its own territory, and moved on into Eastern Europe.

== European Partition ==
This time the Russians followed a different strategy: instead of placing every country under direct military command, they granted them renewed independence, thus assuming the image of liberators. However, most of this independence was merely a façade: every “liberated” country was immediately provided with a local, snorist or at least pro-snorist puppet government, backed up by Russian troops and taking its orders directly from the Russian government in Moscow. The first government of this type had been established in Nassina as early as 1940. Now, even Ukraine, which after a coup by pro-Russian, rightist forces had entered the Großartige Allianz as an independent state, became a Russian satellite after it had been liberated from German occupation, and most of its former leaders were either killed or imprisoned and exiled in Siberia. Thus, Estonia, Latvia, Ukraine, the Crimea, Moldova, and Lithuania were turned into Russian puppet states in 1947 and a new state of Skuodia was established. Subsequently, Russia marched into Hungarian territory, and after Hungary's defeat in June 1948 it was divided in five pieces: Muntenia and Oltenia were restored; the Slevanians, a people closely related to the Veneds who had been fighting Hungarian rule for a long period, received their own quasi-independent state; the same happened to the Transcarpathia, a territory inhabited mostly by Carpatho-Ukrainians, or Rusyns; and Hungary proper continued to exist as a rump state. All five received a snorist government.

The new Snorist states were largely federalist, with the new provinces (called &quot;goverorates&quot; after the Russian imperial provinces) corresponding to historical regions or the areas of various dialects of the language. The dialects were made official in the respective governorates and promoted over the standard language (standard languages were not permitted anymore to be used for official purposes in various places). Official explaination for such policy was the supposed liberation of regions from the culture that was supposedly forced upon them by the richer areas of the state. The real reasons were the divide and rule principle (it is easier to rule divided nation), the expectation that eventually the standard languages would fall out of usage completely and thus Russian would become lingua franca even between different regions of the same nation. In addition, such policies helped to secure some support in the areas - the support of the regionalists whose ideas were not supported by the central governments in the interwar. To ensure that the newly formed nations and governorates were ethnically intact and to help the Slavic states to aquire new territories, the [[Act of Return]] was passed, which helped to deport many pwople.

Meanwhile, the western [[Allied Powers]] (in particular the Federated Kingdoms and France) had liberated Helvetia, Jervaine and the Batavian Kingdom, and subsequently moved on into Germany itself. The Scandinavian armies had finally forced a breakthrough in the north and liberated one north German state after another.

The liberation of Veneda was a more complicated matter. On one hand, Russia's SNOR regime clearly had the intention to add it to its collection of snorist puppet states, and by August 1948 most of eastern Veneda was occupied by Russian troops. On the other hand, Scandinavian forces moved eastward from Northern Germany and liberated the northern part of Veneda (which since the First Great War had been part of Germany), while others crossed the Baltic Sea and landed on Veneda's northern shores. These troops consisted largely of privateers; after the Scandinavian Realm legalised privateering upon entering the war, much of the human resources would come from the newly formed privateering companies who would be employing quite a number of foreigners, including people from Central Europe who successfully escaped their countries and joined the privateering forces in the hope that this would allow them to play a part in the liberation of their countries. The Scandinavian forces were joined by the Venedic resistance, who - with Scandinavian help in the form of supply drops (of food, ammunitions, weapons, new technology, etc.) - also attempted to liberate the remaining parts of Veneda.

== The Venedan Resistance ==
During the whole war, Veneda had a well-organised underground resistance. When Veneda was invaded by the German troups in 1939, its army - despite its poor organisation and its old-fashioned equipment - defended the country vigoriously and heroically. Soon after the capitulation, entire regiments fled the country and placed themselves under FK command, while many other military and non-military groups organised themselves into local partisan groups. Soon a central high command was established, and almost all locally organised groups were transformed into one powerful underground army, the Armia P&amp;#261;sza&amp;#322;a. Its head was general Pawe&amp;#322; &amp;#379;aklin. The AP was joined by most of the Lithuanian underground - although other Lithuanian and Belarussian groups, mainly communist and snorist partisans, fought their own battle on Lithuanian soil. It collaborated closely with the Venedic government-in-exile, the armed forces abroad, and the Allied high command.

Venedic political and military leaders, both underground and in exile, had been brainstorming continuously about possible constellations after an eventual liberation. The common opinion was that the RTC should be restored, which basically was a continuation of the policy pursued before the war. Most Lithuanians - both the government-in-exile and those members of the resistance who cooperated with the AP - shared this view, as they understood that Russian hegemony would be the only alternative; only the most radical nationalists seemed to prefer a snorist Lithuania over a restored RTC, but since Lithuanian nationalism had been thoroughly discredited because of its mismanagement before the war, their influence was very limited. Thus, when king Olgierd II the Unforgotten, who had chosen to stay in Veneda and lead the resistance instead of escaping the country, was killed in 1940, both governments in exile elected another Lithuanian, Witold III the Absolute, as the new king ad interim. Witold led the Venedic and Lithuanian resitance abroad and underground energetically. He laid the foundation for the factual restoration of the RTC, and thanks to his strong lobby, the RTC was already counted as one of the Allied Powers before it formally existed, despite the fact that it was occupied.

In several parts of Veneda the AP was successful in expelling the Germans. Russia was far from happy with this: it feared a situation similar to the Danubian Confederation, where local communist partisans under Josip Broz had successfully liberated their country without Russian help. To prevent the AP from liberating Veneda themselves, Russia moved further westwards, whereby it regularly came to fightings with the AP. Those fightings also spread to Lithuania, where the same partisans who had been fighting the German occupant for years now continued their battle with Lithuania's pro-snorist leadership and Russian troops stationed there. Nevertheless, by October 1948 Lithuania and almost all Veneda were firmly under Russian control, except for the northern shores that had been liberated by Scandinavians. The next step of the Russian war machine was setting foot on German soil.

== The Final Solution and War's End ==
At this point, Germany's defeat seemed irreversible and Hessler had gone virtually insane. In an act of utter desperation, he ordered the Luftwaffe to drop a nuclear bomb on the city of &amp;#321;ód&amp;#378;, Veneda's second largest industrial city, where the Russian military headquarters were established, on 18 October 1948. Over 55,000 people were killed, and the city's entire historical centre was devastated. The nuking of &amp;#321;ód&amp;#378; was followed by a vast military offensive, which forced the Russian troops to retreat. However, this would only temporarily delay Germany's ultimate defeat.

[[Image:Snorreichstag_flag.jpg|thumb|200px|Picture of SNORist troops as they captured &amp;#321;ód&amp;#378;.]]

It had become clear by now that Russia had its own vision about the future of the countries it liberated, and - partly under pressure of Veneda's government in exile - the other Allies decided to interfere. In November a meeting was called in Visby, an old Hanseatic city on the isle of Gotland, where all major Allied leaders - of the Scandinavian Realm, the Federated Kingdoms, France, Veneda, and Russia - were present. After long negotiations, Russia somewhat unwillingly accepted the restoration of the RTC, on the condition that it would become a neutral state. The same went for Nassland. In return however, a large part of Lithuania - territories where the Belarussian population formed a decisive majority - was added to the Republic of Belarus, and Russia was allowed to keep a presence in the other countries it had occupied: Estonia, Latvia, Slevania, Hungary, the Romanias, Ukraine, the Crimea, and Belarus. In the small Carpathian Republic a referendum was scheduled in April 1949, in which the inhabitants could decide for themselves whether they wanted to be part of Slevania, Hungary or the RTC, or remain an independent state.

As a direct consequence of Visby, Russia was forced to withdraw from Veneda and to abandon Lithuania's snorist government; the latter was overthrown quickly by Venedic and Lithuanian partisans. The last remnants of German and Russians occupation were cleared away by a popular uprising. On 4 February 1949, the Republic of the Two Crowns was formally restored. Its western borders were established along the same lines as before 1914, with the exception of a part of Preimern, which became part of the RTC. Furthermore, Germany lost East Prussia, which also become part of the RTC. Lithuania would consist of Lithuania proper, the westernmost part of Belarus, and Volhynia. The Carpathian Republic was added after the referendum, in which 54 % of the population voted for becoming a part of the RTC.

The Second Great War officially came to an end in May 1949, when a new German leadership signed Germany's ultimate surrender. After the capitulation, the Allied Powers decided to deal once and for all with Prussia, in their eyes the “evil nucleus” of the German Empire and the leading force behind all German aggression. All states it had usurped during the 1920s and 1930s were restored: Anhalt, Braunschweig, Hannover, and others. Oldenburg and Rygen were returned to the Scandinavian Realm. Furthermore, Prussia lost large parts of its territory. [[Westphalia]] remained occupied and governed by the Federated Kingdoms, until it became an independent republic within the Holy Roman Empire in 1955. The Prussian province of Hessen was incorporated by the Volksstaat Hessen, which came under French administration, also until 1955. Preimern became a separate duchy with a Venedic nobleman as its duke. Prussia proper came under a joint administration of the Federated Kingdoms, France, the Scandinavian Realm and the RTC, which would also end in 1955. Russia attempted to get parts of Germany under its administration as well, but failed. The Holy Roman Empire was transformed into a loose confederation of de facto independent states, and Prussia's dominant role within it was terminated. 

==List of belligerent nations==

Main powers are written in bold. The puppet states and other states purposefully established during the war itself in the occupied territories by the great powers are written in italic.

&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;The Allied Powers&lt;/u&gt;:&lt;/b&gt;
*[[Armorica]] (1943-1949)
*'''[[Australasia]]''' (1939-1949)
*[[Batavian Kingdom]] (1940, annexed by the [[Holy Roman Empire]])
*[[Bohemia|Bohemian Kingdom]] (1939-1949, after Anschluss exilé government in [[Federated Kingdoms]])
*[[Danubian Confederation]] (1941, annexed by the [[Holy Roman Empire]])
*[[Egypt|Kingdom of Egypt]] (1943-1949)
*'''[[Federated Kingdoms]]''' (1940-1949)
*'''[[France|Republic of France]]''' (1940-1949)
*[[Italy|Federated Kingdom of Italy]] (1940-1949)
*[[Judea|Jewish State of Judea]] (1943-1949)
*[[Katanga]] (1945, annexed by [[China]])
*[[Lithuania|Republic of Lithuania]] (1939-1940, mainly annexed by [[Russia]])
*'''[[NAL-SLC|North American League]]''' (1940-1949)
*[[Republic of Lombardy]] (1940-1949)
*[[Pakštuva|Republic of Pakštuva]] (1942, annexed by [[China]])
*'''[[Scandinavian Realm]]''' (1945-1949)
*[[Two Sicilies|Kingdom of Two Sicilies]] (1940-1949)
*[[Veneda|Kingdom of Veneda]] (1939, annexed by the [[Holy Roman Empire]])

&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;The [[Iberian Pact]]&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (fought on the side of the Allies, but only in [[Ethiopian Liberation War|Africa]] - until 1948, when the Iberian Pact declared war on Germany)

*[[Aragon|Kingdom of Aragon]] (1945-1949)
*[[Castille and Leon|Kingdom of Castille and Leon]] (1945-1949)
*[[Portugal|Kingdom of Portugal]] (1945-1949)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;The HRE/Allianz&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (and its co-belligerents):
*[[Al Mukalla|Al Mukalla Emirate]] (1943-1948)
*[[Ashanti|Empire of Ashanti]] (1945-1948, defeated by Allied Powers)
*'''[[China|Chinese Empire]]''' (1939-1947, defeated by the Allied Powers)
*''[[Republic of Egypt]]'' (1944-1946, reincorporated into the Kingdom of Egypt by the Allied Powers)
*[[Danubian Confederation]] (1939-1941)
*'''[[Ethiopia|Empire of Ethiopia]]''' (1940-1947, defeated by the Allied Powers)
*[[Greece]] (1939-1947)
*[[Hungary]] (1939-1949)
*'''[[Holy Roman Empire]]''' (1939-1949)
*[[Kasai|Kingdom of Kasai]] (1944-1947, peace treaty)
*[[Free State of Kongo]] (1945-1948)
*[[Native States|Confederation of the Native States of Africa]] (1944-1947, peace treaty)
*[[Mali|Sultanate of Mali]] (1945-1947)
*[[Somalia|Caliphate of Somalia]] (until 1947 a vassal of Ethiopia; 1940-1948, defeated by the Allied Powers)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;The SNORist Coalition&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (until 1943 fought on the one side with The Allianz):
*[[Belarus|Belarussian Tsardom]] (1939-1949)
*''[[Estonia|Estonian State]]'' (1947-1949)
*''[[Latvia|Latvian State]]'' (1947-1949)
*''[[Lithuania|Lithuanian State]]'' (1947-1949)
*[[Ukraine|Ukrainian Tsardom]] (1939-1949)
*''[[Nassland|Nassian State]]'' (1940-1948)
*'''[[Russia|Russian Empire]]''' (1939-1949)

(6) Only part of the Kriegsmarine was intact during the attack. The Kriegsmarine's Atlantic Fleet was based in Friederichshaven, Oldenburg, while its Baltic Fleet was based in Kiel, Holstein. Part of each fleet had escaped to the SR. This is not so strange as it would seem: Oldenburg and Holstein were Scandinavian states that were also German fiefs, and as part of the feudal service to Germany the Kongelige Skandinaviske Marine served the German Empire as the Kriegsmarine. Except for a few ships, Germany really did not have a navy of its own. Initially, this situation worked in favour of Germany; none of the Allies would have ventured to attack Oldenburg or Holstein, because such an attack would automatically have turned the Scandinavian Realm into a German ally. However, immediately after Germany invaded Rygen, the Kriegsmarine split in half and started to do battle right there in the middle of the naval harbours of Friederichshaven and Kiel. During this battle, the ships that fought on the SR side simply mutineered, dipped the German ensign, and raised the Dannebrog or the Oldenburg Bars. How interestingly a condominium situation between to countries at war with each other can be, is illustrated by the following apocryphal quote from the Duke of Oldenburg: “As of today, a state of war exists between the Scandinavian Realm and the Holy Roman Empire. I have been told that due to our political situation, I will have to declare war on ourselves. Twice.”

[[Category:Second Great War]]
[[Category:History]]
[[Category:Wars]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Austrian Anschluss and the Helvetian Takeover</title>
    <id>952</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26707</id>
      <timestamp>2006-01-09T07:50:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jan II.</username>
        <id>21</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* The Austrian Anschluss */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">&lt;i&gt;See also [[Second Great War]], [[Grossartige Allianz|Großartige Allianz]].  The following is a proposal until approved.  &lt;b&gt;Ferko&lt;/b&gt;, please work with me on the details that would affect Austro-Dalmatia&lt;/i&gt;

------------
=== The Austrian Anschluss ===

&lt;i&gt;Anschluß&lt;/i&gt; is a term in High German referring to the political changes brought in the &lt;b&gt;Anschluß Österreichs&lt;/b&gt;, where Austria was brought into an active role within a &quot;Greater Germany&quot; in 1934.  This went against the treaties that had created an independent [[Austria]] in the &lt;i&gt;Außchluß&lt;/i&gt; (meaning the exclusion of Austria from Germany at the creation of the modern [[Germany|Holy Roman Empire]] in 1871).

Anschluß had been debated before the [[Austro-Prussian War]] (1866). Austria's loss had allowed [[Otto von Bismarck]] to construct a Prussia-dominated Holy Roman Empire of 1871.  At that time, von Bismarck perceived the Austrian nobility to be an unwelcome counter to Prussian [[Junker]] power.

Set free from German hegemony under Prussian control, German speaking Austria quickly rejoined Austro-Dalmatia and in 1905 this became the Austrian Empire.  This was fore-doomed to be a short lived entity as they were beset by much trouble as they tried to reconcile the numerous nationalities contained within this largely Balkan state.  When the grand empire self-destructed in 1918 many German Austrians hoped to join with the [[Germany|Holy Roman Empire]] in the [[League of Nations]]-sponsored realignment of Europe.  The German Austrians expected vitriolic reprisals from the newly created nations of central Europe. However, after the First Great War and the Treaty of Lyons in 1919 explicitly vetoed the inclusion of German-speaking Austria in the Holy Roman Empire — largely because [[France]] and the [[Federated Kingdoms]] feared the power of a larger German Empire. The fears of many German Austrians were assuaged though as the majority of them remained within the new Austria.

=== Anschluß of 1934 ===

In the early 1930s, popular support for union with Germany remained overwhelming, and the Austrian government looked to a possible customs union with Germany in 1929.  The re-armament under [[Wilhelm III]] caused radical elements to take a more openly hostile role toward the government, which left the Austrian government with very little desire to join with the Holy Roman Empire.  Adolf von Hessler's ancestry traced back to Austria, and was very much in favour of the Anschluß.  He even so brazenly announced that he would consider force to bring about the union.

From the late 1920's the Austrian First Republic had been dominated by the 'Christian Socialist Party,' a [[Catholicism|Catholic]] nationalist organization.  However in 1931, this government was dissolved and a one-party government of [[SNOR|SNORist]] leanings took its place.  This &lt;i&gt;Volkspartei&lt;/i&gt; joined the Christian Socialist Party with the Heimwehr, a paramilitary organization to take absolute domination on labour relations and quash the free press.  The powers of this government were focused in the offices of Chancellor and President. This rule was decreed, as it had been since 1930, after the dissolution of the Parliament.  Chancellor [[Engelbert Dolfuss|Engelbert Dollfuß]], a Christian Socialist, was assasinated by the illegal, competing, and pro-Prussian &lt;i&gt;Reich-Anschluß-Partei&lt;/i&gt; on July 25, 1933 in a coup.  The heir-apparent, [[Kurt von Schuschnigg]], was also assassinated within days of Dollfuß.  [[Melchior Bachmeier]] took control of the government, although, as was later shown, he was merely a Prussian puppet.

Christian Socialism had been an Austrian phenomenon in that Austria's national identity has strong Catholic elements which were incorporated into the movement by way of clerical authoritarian tendencies which were not found in the world aside the fledgling SNORist government of Russia.  On March 12, 1934 Germany accepted the Anschluß with Austria, now the province of Ostmark. The radio broadcast by Melchior Bachmeier on the preceding day, in which he announced his resignation, argued that the government accepted only to avoid bloodshed. The Anschluß was given immediate effect by decree, subject to ratification by a popular vote under secret ballot thirty days later in which it was overwhelmingly approved. The new Chancellor requested German troops be sent to restore order before the referendum was held. Immediately thereafter and still before the referendum, Adolf von Hessler returned to his ancestral Vienna and was greeted with a crowd of several hundred thousand in the Heldenplatz (whose name means roughly &quot;Plaza of Heros&quot;). He later went on to comment:

&lt;i&gt;It has been said in certain foreign newspapers that we descended upon Austria with brutality.  My response can only be that even in death they cannot stop lying. In the course of the unification of the Holy Roman Empire I have won the love of the Germanic peoples.  Crossing over into Austria we have been met with such love, adoration and support as I have never before seen.  We were not welcomed as tyrants, but liberators of oppression.&lt;/i&gt;

This Anschluß was formally ended at the end of the Second Great War as part of the treaty.

=== Understanding the Word: Historical and Literary Legacy of the 1934 Anschluß ===

To describe the character of the Anschluß in [[English]] or any language besides German is difficult, as it is essential to the understanding of Austria in both terms of history and attendent linguistical baggage

Often it is translated as annexation. This is both misleading and incorrect, as the word carries a deeper linguistical meaning.  Other German words, such as ''Annektierung'' (military annexation), ''Vereinigung'' or ''Wiedervereinigung'' (as would be used in the submission of the larger German states to Prussia in both Great Wars), all suggest unification, but the meaning of Anschluß lies deeper than these glosses.  Other shades of meaning suggest connection, attachment or an affiliation or bringing together of two groups or physical bodies.

Often the Anschluß is characterized as the forceful joining of a bellicose Holy Roman Empire with an unwilling Austria.  This is incorrect and often leads the student of history to believe that the Austrian population was a willing party to the horrors of nuclear war, invasion and any and all unholy acts perpetrated by the Holy Roman Empire under [[Adolf Hessler|Adolf von Hessler]].

Like so many of the other nations that joined with the  [[Grossartige Allianz|Großartige Allianz]], Austria had fallen victim to sedition within the government, with the dismantling of democracy in favor of dictators and autocrats.  This change from democracy to a false republic paved the way for the Kaiser and Hessler's machinations.  The Christian Socialists had participated in the 'purging' of large numbers of SNORists prior to the change in government, and the Volkspartei had reciprocated when they later took power.

Thus it is difficult to see a difference between the government initiated at the turn of the decade and four years later in 1934.  With the dissolution of democratic processes many Christian Socialists believed they would maintain the upper hand in elections.  At this point, we must emphasize that the assassinations of Dolfuß and von Schuschnigg were the movement of the Reich-Anschluß-Partei to claim power as their own and side with the Prussian Kaiser.

=== The Helvetian Takeover ===

[[Helvetia]] was not popular with the world at large, themselves having been bellicose in the not so distant past.  Seeing this as a useful region, the Kaiser instigated a ''lebensraum'' campaign, invading across Lake Constance and the Austrian border.  The Helvetians were hardened fighters and slowed the German advance so much so that it took nearly four years to complete the annexation of a nation much smaller than Austria.

Because it took so long and the intended ''blitzkrieg'' was not achieved, many leaders were able to escape to foreign lands and 'rule' in exile.

Some would claim that it was not the incompetence of the German armies, but rather the terrain and the Helvetian propensity to blowing up bridges and tunnels to prevent the advance of the German troops.  Even throughout the war Helvetia remained a thorn in Hessler's side.
[[Category:Second Great War]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>History of Filipinas</title>
    <id>953</id>
    <revision>
      <id>63506</id>
      <timestamp>2009-12-21T16:40:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Chinofilipino</username>
        <id>31</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Independence */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[Category:History]]
[[Category:Filipinas]]
''Incomplete History Proposal for [[Filipinas]]''

== Settlement ==
'''ca 60.000 BP''': Human fossil records indicate that the island of Bornei has been inhabited for sixty thousand years. The aboriginal population, collectively known as the Negritos or Aytas, cross prehistoric land bridges to eventually settle in the islands of [[Luzoñg]], the [[Vizaya]]s, and [[Maguindanao]].

'''ca 5.000 BP''': Successive waves of Austronesian migrants begin to pour into the islands of [[Luzoñg]], the [[Vizaya]]s, and [[Maguindanao]], pushing the aboriginal population into the interior or absorbing them through
intermarriage.

'''ca 4.000 BP''': Austronesians begin settling the [[Marianas]] Islands and [[Palao]].

== Early Srivijjayan Influences ==
'''3rd century-5th century''': The origins of the [[Xrivizaja|Srivijjayan Empire]] is shrouded in mystery, but it must have originated sometime between the 3rd and 5th centuries AD. &lt;small&gt;'''''NOTE''': Up until the arrival of Europeans, all states within insular SEAsia at this time are technically thalassocracies'' -- ''claiming sovereigning over expanses of water rather than land, and thereby controlling trade. Land itself is controlled by the datos (chiefs). These [[Dato|datos]] were part of what social anthropologists call a chiefdom'' -- ''a loose federation of chiefs bound by loose ties of personal allegiance to a senior among them. The head of such a chiefdom, the [[Rajja|rajja]], exercises authority over his supporting [[Dato|datos]], but not over their subjects or territory, and his primacy stems from his control of local or foreign trade, and the ability to redistribute luxury goods desired by others. A [[Rajja|rajja]] who excercises authority over other rajjas is a [[Majarajja|majarajja]]. Only lowlanders, especially around the capitals, embrace Hindu-Buddhist traditions.''&lt;/small&gt;

'''8th century''': [[Xrivizaja|Srivijjayan]] merchants began arriving in Filipinas to trade. Hindu-Buddhist influences entered Filipinas at this time.

'''9th century''': According to [[Xrivizaja|Srivijjayan]] copperplate inscriptions, an unknown [[Xrivizaja|Srivijjayan]] [[Dato|dato]] is assigned the position of pamagat bhupati (vassal and chief) of Sribuza, in the Bornei Bay area, by the [[Majarajja|majarajja]] of [[Xrivizaja|Srivijjaya]]. According to a fragment of another copperplate inscription found in Laguna de Bay (near [[Manila]]), another unknown [[Xrivizaja|Srivijjayan]] [[Dato|dato]]is assigned the position of pamagat bhupati of Diwata, in the Butuán area near the gold-rich Diwata mountains and the Agusan river basin of the northeastern part of the island of [[Maguindanao]]. The pamagat bhupati of Diwata assigns a dato, Jjayadewa, the position of pamagat senapati (commander and chief) of [[Tondó]], in the [[Manila]] Bay area of the central part of the island of [[Luzoñg]].

== Early Independent Rajjaos ==
'''10th century''': [[Xrivizaja|Srivijjayan]] influence weakens in Sribuza and Diwata and the vassal relationship with Srivijjaya comes to an end. Sribuza and Diwata both drop their Srivijjayan names and become known as [[Bornei]] and [[Butuán]] respectively. [[Bornei]], [[Butuán]], and [[Tondó]] now become separate [[Rajjao|Rajjaos]]. Pottery finds indicate that all come under the
Chinese-Champa sphere of economic influence. [[China|Chinese]] annals state that [[Bornei]] and [[Tondó]] send tribute missions to China and are recognized as tributary states - a requirement for legal trade with China.

'''1003''': [[Butuán]] also tries to establish formal diplomatic ties with
[[China]]. According to Chinese annals, Rajja Quilíng of [[Butuán]] had sent
his envoys, minister Liyijan and deputy Gaminan, on a tribute mission
to [[China]]. The envoys arrive on the 3rd of October in the Chinese
capital bringing with them red parrots and tortoise shells. They
petition the Chinese emperor for tribute status for [[Butuán]] -- which
simply meant ceremonial recognition in the form of regimental banners
and ceremonial flags -- a requirement for legal trade. Unfortunately,
the Chinese emperor had already banned the export of such royal
regalia the year before.

'''1007''': According to Chinese annals, [[Rajja]] Quilíng sends another tribute mission and envoy, Ysuhan, who carried the normal request for symbols
that would give [[Butuán]] equal status with [[Champa]]. The Chinese court
denies the the request saying that Butuán did not rank in importance
as Champa in Chinese maritime trade. Nothing is known about what
status China has ranked Bornei and Tondó with regards to Champa.

'''1011''': According to Chinese annals, a new [[Rajja]] of [[Butuán]], Rajja Sri Bata Shajja, sends his envoy, Licansi, to China with a message
inscribed on a gold tablet and gifts like the &quot;White Dragon&quot; camphor,
cloves from the [[Malucos]], and a slave. Licansi comes to China at a
time when the Chinese emperor was making a sacrifice to the earth god
Fen-yin at the vernal equinox, a rite of spring. The emperor was
kindly disposed and honored the envoy with the military title of
&quot;Cherished Transformed and Gracious-to-Strangers General&quot; and regalia
consisting of flags, penons, and armor to honour a distant land. But
recognition of [[Butuán]] as equal in status with Champa was not given.

'''ca 1200''': [[Butuán]] establishes the trade port of Sulú
as a major exchange port for the [[Malucos|Malucano]] spice route to [[China]].

'''1257''': The Rajjao of [[Ternate]] is established in the Malucos.

== The First Christian Rajjaos ==
'''1270-1368''': Yuan Dynasty in [[China]], where the Mongol Khans, in a
spirit of ecumenicity, welcome to their court Muslim, Buddhist, and
[http://www.nestorian.org/ Assyrian Christian] missionaries. The [[Sulúg|Sulúgan]] Tarsila (geneological history) mention the coming of Chinese Assyrian [[Christianity|Christian]] missionaries to [[Sulug]] during this period. These Chinese Assyrian Christians settle in the [[Quinabatañgan]] river delta of northern Bornei island, where they build the first Christian Church in the region. The [[Sulug]] Tarsalila also mentions one missionary, [[Diua Tuhan Pilip|Tuhan Pilip]], who marries the daughter of Rajja Siripada of [[Butuán]] at this period. He converts the Sulugs into Assyrian Christianity, and is today regarded by the Borneian Church as a [[Diua]] (Saint). [[Diua Tuhan Pilip]] is the patron saint and &quot;apostle&quot; to the [[Filipinas]], the [[Malucos]], and 
[[Bornei]]. The Filipinas is named after him.

'''1293''': The [[Mazapahit|Majjapájit Empire]] is founded by Kertarajjasa.
He tricks his Chinese (Mongol) allies into aiding him to conquer the Rajjao
of Singjasari of eastern Jjava, only to turn against them afterwards.

'''1331-1364''': Gajja Mada is prime minister and regent in
[[Mazapahit|Majjapajit]]. He extends Majjapajit control to the entire island
of Bornei, making Bornei itself a vassal state. Chinese annals within the
same period indicate: that Tondó is now the capital of the [[Rajjáo]] of
[[Luzoñg]], which controls trade between the islands of Mindoro and
Paraguán, and the southern half of the island of [[Luzoñg]]; and that
[[Butuán]] is now the capital of the [[Rajjáo]] of [[Vizaya]], which
controls trade between the entire [[Sulug]] archipelago, the entire island of 
[[Magindanáo]] except the Magindanáo river basin, and the entire Vizayan 
archipelago except the island of Mindoro. Chinese annals also indicate that 
two other Rajjaos have emerge in Filipinas at this time: the Rajjao of 
[[Cabolohan]], with its capital at [[Binalatoñgan]] (now called San Carlos, 
in Pañgasinán, *here*) controlling trade within the northern half of the
island of [[Luzoñg]]; and [[Maguindanao]], with its capital Cota Bato
(&quot;Stone Fort&quot;) controlling trade within the Magindanao river basin. Both of
these rajjaos manage to send regular tribute missions to China.

'''1347''': According to Ibn Batuta's travelogue, a place called Tawalisi is
ruled by a warrior princess called Urdujja. Historians today don't
agree on the authenticity of Ibn Batuta's travelogue, nor do they
agree on the location of Tawalisi, but many Filipinos believe (based
on Batuta's description of sailing distances) that Tawalisi is the
Rajjao of [[Cabolohan]].

'''1369''': [[Bornei]] is sacked by Sulúg, which is under Vizayan control. The Borneian navy is completely destroyed. [[Bornei]] is then rescued by [[Mazapahit|Majjapájit]] and becomes its tributary.

'''1377''': [[Mazapahit|Majjapájit]] captures the [[Xrivizaja|Srivijjayan]]
capital of Palembang in Sumatra and asserts its control over the island.
Most of the Srivijjayan royals flee to Malacca where they establish their
new capital. Others, who have become Assyrian Christians, flee elsewhere to
establish their own Christian rajjaos. These are: Rajja Guru Baquir, who
flees to Bornei, marries a Chinese Assyrian Christians from Quinabatañgan,
ousts the incumbent Hindu-Buddhist ruler of Bornei, and becomes its first
Christian Rajja; Rajja Baguinda of Minañgcabáo, who flees to Sulúg and
declares its independence from the Hindu-Buddhist [[Rajjáo]] of [[Vizaya]],
and becomes its first Christian Rajja; and Rajja Cabuñgsúan of Palembañg,
who flees to Maguindanáo and becomes the first Christian Rajja among the
Assyrian Christians residing there. Their choice of these territories was
dictated by information that these territories had rich ports with many
Assyrian Christian converts but without genuine Christian rulers.

'''1386''': The religious leaders of the newly established Christian Rajjaos
of [[Bornei]], [[Maguindanáo]], and [[Sulúg]] hold a synod in
[[Quinabatañgan]]. Due to their relative isolation from the
[http://www.nestorian.org/ Holy Apostolic Assyrian Church of the East] in [[Persia]], they decide to establish their own [[Borneian Church]] but still in full communion with the Holy Apostolic Assyrian Church of the East. Among themselves they elect the first [[Majaguru]] (Patriarch) of the [[Borneian Church]], who will reside in [[Quinabatañgan]].

== The Rise of Bornei ==
'''1405''': After rebuilding [[Bornei]]'s fortunes, Rajja Carna of [[Bornei]] heads a tribute mission to [[China]], which means that Bornei had by this time
regained its independence from Majjapajit. Meanwhile, the famous
Chinese admiral, [[Zheng He]], visits [[Cabolohan]], [[Luzoñg]], and [[Vizaya]] in his first expedition.

'''1407''': [[Zheng He]] visits [[Cabolohan]], [[Luzoñg]], and [[Vizaya]] again on his second expedition. He also visits [[Bornei]].

'''1410''': According to Chinese annals, [[Luzoñg]] sends its last tribute
mission to China.

'''1417''': By this time [[Vizaya]] had lost control of the [[Sulug]] archipelago - probably over religious reasons. [[Sulug]] becomes an independent Christian rajjao, while [[Vizaya]] remains a Hindu-Buddhist rajjao. According to Chinese annals, [[Sulug]] is recognized as a Chinese tributary when three Sulug rulers, Rajja Kalabating, Paduca Batara, and Paduca Prabu, present themselves to the Chinese court, along with their families and
chiefs - altogether 340 persons. Paduca Batara is given an imperial
jade seal. Chinese annals also state that Paduca Batara dies in China
and is given a regal and [[Christianity|Christian]] burial.

'''1421''': According to Chinese annals, [[Sulug]] sends a second tributary
mission presenting non-Sulug products like brazilwood, black pepper,
tin, and camphor to the Chinese court. Paduca Batara's younger
brother, Paduka Suli, also presents a sample of Sulug's legendary
pearls recorded in the Chinese annals as weighing 7 ounces.

'''1424''': Chinese annals show that [[Sulug]] sends its last tribute mission
to [[China]].

'''1462''': According to the Borneian Selesila (the Book of the descent of
Rajjas), [[Rajja Soliman I of Bornei]] conquers [[Sulug]] and [[Maguindanao]].

'''1463''': According to the Borneian Selesila, [[Rajja Soliman I of Bornei]]
conquers &quot;Seludoñg&quot; ([[Luzóñg]]), which was then ruled by Rajja Gambañg.

'''1473-1521''': [[Rajja Bolquía I of Bornei]] reigns in [[Bornei]]. In this period, [[Mazapahit|Majjapajit]] finds itself unable to control the rising power of [[Xrivizaja|Srivijjaya]], which has been rebuilding its fortunes after moving its capital to Malacca. [[Rajja Bolquía I of Bornei|Rajja Bolquía I]] takes advantage of the situation to assert Borneian control over the entire island of Bornei by conquering the Rajjaos of Sambas, Pontianac, Banjjarmasin, Pasir Cotei, [[Ceravah]], and Boloñgan. By the end of Bolquía I's reign, he is recognized as a [[Majarajja]] like his contemporaries in the Srivijjayan and Majjapajit empires.

'''1475''': [[Ternate]] converts to Christianity.

'''1478''': [[Xrivizaja|Srivijjaya]] regains control of Sumatra from [[Mazapahit|Majjapajit]].

== First European Contacts ==
'''1509''': The [[Portugal|Portuguese]] visit Malacca for the first time.

'''1511''': In April, [[Portugal|Portuguese]] Admiral Albuquerque sets sail from [[Goa]] to Malacca, and on the 10th of August his forces take Malacca. The [[[Majarajja]] of [[Xrivizaja|Srivijjaya]] flees and establishes a new capital in Jjojor. During the battle, Panday Pira (1483-1573), a [[Luzoñg|Luzoñgese]] smith from Pampanga, witnesses the battle where Portuguese guns overpower [[Xrivizaja|Srivijjayan]] defenses. Later that year, Pira invents the [[Lantaca|lantaca]], the Filipino-Borneian bronze culverin. Variants of his invention spreads throughout SEAsia in the following years, allowing SEAsians to better resist European attempts to colonize the region.

'''1521''': The [[Magellanes Expedition]], led by [[Ferdinando de Magellanes]], a Portuguese explorer under the services of the [[Castile and Leon|Castillean]] Crown, was attempting a circumnavigation of the world when it stumbles upon the Marianas Islands (which Magallanes names &quot;Islas Ladrones&quot;) in the beginning of March. About a week later, the expedition enters Vizayan waters, and meet Rajja Aui and his brother Dato Colambu in Limasawa Island, where the two were hunting. Magellanes names the entire
Filipinas archipelago &quot;Las Islas de San Lazaro&quot;. In April, the
expedition was guided to [[Sugbú]], where Dato Humabon was ruling. A mass
baptismal service was held there, where Aui, Colambu, Humabon, and
their relatives all converted to Christianity. But this was just a
facade to befriend the Castillians. Dozens of Castillians were later
slaughtered by the end of the month, and the expedition frantically
pulls out. (Unlike *here*, Magellanes survives). The expedition is
lost, but they manage to find a guide, who guides them to [[Bornei]] in
July. There, they encounter a jjunco (junk), aboard which is Dato
Aché, who is the Laksamana (Admiral) of the Majarajja of Bornei and
son of the Rajja of Luzoñg. Dato Aché had just returned from sacking
Laue in the southern part of Bornei Island for refusing to obey the
Majarajja of Bornei. The Castillians capture Dato Aché and release him
upon ransom for food. The expedition quickly move away from Borneian
waters, but are still lost. They survive by seizing the occassional
jjunco and kidnapping people to ransom for food. In November, after
seven months of aimless sailing in the waters of Filipinas, they
finally sight the legendary Spice Islands of the [[Malucos]]. They put
in at [[Ternate]] and befriend the local Christian ruler, Rajja Manál,
who is only too happy to have a new Christian ally against the Hindu
rajjao of [[Tidore]]. By December, the last surviving two ships, the waters of the Trinidad and the Victoria, are loaded with spices and sail out of
[[Malucos]]. The Trinidad, creaking with age, comes apart and
sinks, and four survivors are stranded in Ternate. The Victoria
limps back to Castilla with only 19 survivors, including Ferdinando
de Magellanes himself, the following year.

'''1523-1525''': The Loaisa Expedition, sailing from [[New Leon|Nôva León]] ([[Mejico|Méjico]]), landfalls on the eastern side of the island of [[Magindanao]]. The northeast monsoon winds prevents it from entering [[Vizaya|Vizayan]] waters. Instead, it enters [[Malucos|Malucan]] waters. Loaisa offers support to Christian Ternate in a dispute with Hindu Tidore - his men build a Castillian post at Ternate.

'''1527-1529''': The Saavedra Expedition, has pretty much the same results as the previous expedition, ending up in Ternate. Saavedra builds the
fort of San Juan de Ternate.

'''1529''': Mercenary warriors from [[Luzoñg]] under the the command of Sapetu Dirajja form part of the Batac-Minañgcabao army, which besieges [[Atjeh|Ache]] in Sumatra on behalf of [[Xrivizaja|Srivijjaya]].

'''1536''': Antonio de Galvano, governor of the Castillian colony in
Ternate, establishes another Castillian post at Ambón. Castillians
imprison Rajja Tabarijji of Ternate due to suspicions of
anti-Castilian activity, and replace him with his brother.

'''1542-1546''': The Villalobos Expedition, sailing from [[New Leon|Nôva León]] ([[Mejico|Méjico]]), stumbles upon the [[Micronesian Confederation|Caroline Islands]], [[Wa'ab|Yap]], and [[Palao]]. Then the expedition proceeds west and touches at the island of Maguindanao. The expedition continues to sail around the southern side of the island of [[Maguindanao]] and into the [[Vizaya]]s. Once out of Surigao Strait, the expedition is carried by strong winds back to the [[Malucos]]. Accompanying the expedition are Isidorian Catholic missionaries.

'''1556''': The king of Castille, in a letter to Luis de Velasco, viceroy
of Nôva León (Méjico), approves plans to annex the Islas Poniente
(as the Castillians called Filipinas at the time).

'''1560''': Another Castilian outpost is established in Manado, Minajasa.

'''1564''': Miguel López de Legazpi, a Basque in the service of Castillian
crown, leads an expedition that leaves Nôva León (Méjico) for
Filipinas. Accompanying the expedition is another famous Basque, the
Isidorian Catholic friar, Urdaneta.

'''1565''': The Legazpi Expedition, lands in the [[Marianas]] in January and formally claims the Marianas Islands for Castila-Leon and establishes
a Castilian outpost in Agana. The expedition enters Vizayan waters in
February 13. Eager to find a strong ally against Bornei, the Rajja of
Vizaya, Rajja Tupáz, allows Legazpi to establish a Castillian colony
in Sugbú in April 27. Urdaneta convinces Rajja Tupáz and a number of
his followers to convert to Isidorian Catholicism. By June, the flagship San
Pedro is readied for the return trip to Nôva León (Méjico) with Legazpi's
17-year-old grandson, Felipe de Salcedo as commander and Urdaneta as
pilot-advisor. The historic crossing is successful with the San Pedro
reaching Acapulco on September 8. This same route will be followed by
the Manila Galleons every year until 1815.

== The Castilian Reduction of Filipinas ==
'''1567''': In June 15, the king of Castila approves the distribution of
encomiendas in pacified (i.e. Catholicized) islands of Filipinas and 
Malucos. This is to become the cutting edge of Castilian colonization and
Isidorian Catholization foisted upon the unsuspecting population. The
Castilians first begin by dividing up the islands of the Vizayas and
the Malucos into encomiendas. As defined an encomiendo was &quot;a right
conceded by royal bounty to well deserving person in the Indies, to
recieve and enjoy for their own use, the tribute of natives assigned
to them, with the obligation, however, of providing for the spiritual
and temporal welfare of the people assigned, especially in defending
them and maintaining peace in the locality where they live.&quot; However,
missionaries will later reveal that many of the recipients of an
encomienda, the encomenderos, abuse their power to loot the local
population. Also, pacified principales (nobles and chiefs), though still
enjoying certain prestige and influence and excempted from paying
tribute themselves, are no longer to be recipients of tributes. So
many principales, despite the retention of certain privileges, resist
the encomienda system. Many also continue to practice [[Borneian Church|Borneian Christianity]] in secret. Those of them revealed as 
&quot;Nestorian heretics&quot; are, however, stripped of their privileges. In August 
20, two ships from Nôva León (Méjico), the San Pedro and the San Lucas, 
arrive in Sugbú with 200 men, arms and ammunition, and supplies. This is the 
first of what will be yearly reinforcements from Nôva León (Méjico) until 
the last of the Manila Galleons in 1815. Between September 28 and January 1 
of the following year, Sugbú endures a Borneian Blockade. A Borneian fleet 
of 4 jjuncos, 5 coracoras, and 30 praos, led by Laksamana (Admiral) Acóz, 
stands off Sugbú, blocking the entrances to the settlement. What follows is a
protracted exchange of notes between Legazpi and Acóz, with the
latter threatening to attack. Legazpi for his part plays the
consummate diplomat replying to Acóz's letters in lengthy expositions
but never quite conceding to his tenuous position. Acóz asks Legazpi
to join him in a war against [[Mazapahit|Majjapajit]], which Legazpi 
politely rejects. The exchange of notes continues until Acóz suddenly lifts 
the blockade of Sugbú and sails away. Apparently, Acóz was hastily called 
back to [[Bornei]] where [[Mazapahit|Majjapajit]] had besieged Banjjarmasin.

'''1569''': Legazpi considers Sugbú too vulnerable to another Borneian seige
and impossible to defend. He decides to establish a new headquarters and colony in the island of Panay. The new colony of Capiz (Roxas City *here*) is established August 14. Shortly after, a small fleet of Borneian and Sulug coracoras raid Sugbú and take a number of native prisoners. With some 200 Vizayan warriors and 40 Castilian soldiers, Legazpi retaliates by razing the Luzoñg-Borneian fortresses of Mamburao (in northwestern Mindoro island) and Lúbañg.

'''1570''': In the [[Malucos]], Rajja Babula began a five year long seige of
the Castilian fortress in [[Ternate]]. Meanwhile, a fleet carrying 100
Castilian and 300 Vizayan soldiers, under the command of Martín de
Goití and Juán de Salcedo as deputy commander, enter Manila Bay on May
7 and sail past the palisaded fortress of [[Manila]], noting several
[[Lantaca|lantacas]], which guarded the town of [[Tondó]], the capital of 
the Rajjao of Luzoñg. The [[Borneian Church|Borneian Christian]] co-rulers of 
[[Luzoñg]], Rajja Aché (the same one kidnapped by the Magellanes expedition 
back in 1521 - by now a very old man and nicknamed &quot;Rajja Matandáh&quot;, which 
means &quot;Old Rajja&quot;), Rajja Dula (the high chief of Tondó, who is better known 
as Lacandula), and Rajja Solimán (Bornei's chief to the fortress of
Manila, and who is Rajja Dula's nephew and the son-in-law of the
Majarajja of Bornei), tentatively welcome the foreigners. De Goití
impresses Rajja Solimán such that a blood compact is made between the
two personages and a concession allowing the Castillians to establish
a settlement just south of the fort of Manila, and that the
Castilians need not pay tribute. However, several agitated fisherfolk
of some coastal villages south of Manila expressed their hostilities
towards Rajja Solimán, and begin to spread the rumour that the rulers
of Luzoñg would attack the Castilians as soon as the monsoon rains
begin to fall. Furthermore, a message later comes from Rajja Solimán
stating that Rajja Dula was preparing to attack the Castilians. On
the morning of May 24, with tension heavy in the air, a watch on De
Goití's frigate points to sails in the bay. De Goití quickly sends a
party on a native craft to investigate, and upon seeing that the
sails belong to friendly fishermen, orders the patrol boat back by
firing a shot from a deck gun. This was all that was needed to rouse
the cannoneers at the fort of Manila, who are just as jumpy as the
Castilians, believing that De Goití had started the war. The guns
of the fort are no match for the guns of the frigates, and the fort
is raised to the ground afterwhich De Goití's fleet pulls out and
returns to Capíz. Ironically, monsoon rains began to fall that day...

'''1571''': In April, almost a year after De Goití's assault on [[Manila]],
Legazpi leads another expedition to Manila with a fleet carrying 210
Castilians and 300 Vizayan soldiers. Rumors have it that Bornei has
sent reinforcements to Manila. However, Legazpi lands his force in
Manila unopposed and wrangles a &quot;treaty of peace and friendship&quot; from
Rajja Aché, Rajja Dula, Rajja Solimán (who was still sulking over what
had happened the previous year), and the other principales of Manila.
The Dato Macabebe and other principales of Pampanga, however, refuse
the treaty. They chide the Manila-Tondó principales for being women
and hustle a force of 2000 men on 40 coracoras, which stand off the
Tondó shore, and challenge the Castilians to a showdown in Bancúsay.
De Goití, in nine bancas loaded with arquebusiers, move against the
Pampangueño force and mows it down, killing Dato Macabebe. On June
24, Legazpi formally establishes the City of Manila and builds Fort
Santiago on the very spot of Rajja Solimán's former fortress. He then
proceeds to pacify Pampanga with Rajja Solimán and Rajja Dula as
peacemakers with an armed force commanded by De Goití. Both Filipino
nobles are reluctant guides and soon slip back to Tondó. After
Pampanga is pacified by July, De Goiti penetrates into Cabolohan from
Pampanga and meets its [[Borneian Church|Borneian Christian]] ruler, Rajja 
Casiquis. In August, Rajja Aché dies, and Rajja Solimán becomes paramount 
Rajja of [[Luzoñg]]. The young rajja meanwhile continues to hope that 
reinforcements will arrive from [[Bornei]]. Legazpi also dies in August, and 
is succeeded by Guido de Lavezaris, Legazpi's accountant who becomes acting 
governor of Filipinas. Rumours persists in Tondó that Bornei would send a
rescue force, so Lavezaris initiates negotiations with Bornei for
the establishment of friendly commercial relations, not knowing that
the Borneian royalty are furious over the loss of Luzoñg. Negotiations fail.

'''1572''': Juán de Salcedo sails up the western coast of the island of
Luzoñg and lands in Cabolohan. Rajja Casiquis allows the Castilians to
establish themselves in Vigan in the Ylocos coast in return for
tribute payments. However, the Castilians will in the next few years
consequently divide up the entire Ylocos region into encomiendas in
order to pay the tributes. After establishing Vigan, Salcedo sails
further north with three small boats to explore the northern portions
of the island of Luzoñg. He sails up the Cagayan river where he is
repelled back by hostile tribes. Then he rounds Cape Engaño, sails
south along the eastern coast of Luzoñg island where he then tries to
cut across land on foot. He almost drowns in Laguna de Bay where he
is discovered and brought back to Manila. Salcedo's explorations give
the Castilians the configuration of the island of Luzoñg and its
population concentrations. It forms the basis for the grant of
encomiendas to veteran Castilian officers and soldiers unpaid for
their services since 1565. The Castilians then begin to divide up
the island of Luzoñg into encomiendas in the same way they did with
the Vizayas and the Malucos, where the principales (chiefs) who resist the 
encomienda system are executed and the village they ruled sacked. Like in 
the Vizayas, pacified Filipino principales, though still enjoying certain
prestige and influence, were no longer to be recipients of tributes.

'''1574''': In June 21, a royal decree confirms the names of &quot;Insegne y
Siempre Leal Ciudad&quot; and &quot;El Nuevo Reina de Castilla&quot; for Manila and
the island of Luzoñg. On the same date, Fray Martín de Rada, who is
the most senior of the missionaries in Filipinas, issues his famous
&quot;Opinion on Taxation of the Islands of Filipinas&quot;. The opinion
consists of arguments questioning the legitimacy of the encomiendas,
and the excesses attendant to the true conditions prevailing in the
islands. A litany of &quot;unprovoked attacks on villages, burning of
houses of those who fled, stripping those who submitted peaceably of
all their possessions,&quot; etc. were cited. But the Audiencias in Méjico
and Manila reject the idea of abolishing the encomienda system, though
they concede to the idea that the tributes must by law be pegged and
payable in cash or kind. In November 29, the Chinese corsair,
Limahong, arrives in Manila Bay with a fleet of 70 large junccos.
Rajja Dula mistakes this for the long awaited Borneian rescue force
and gathers a force of 1000 warriors to take the side of Limahong
against the Castilians. Rajja Dula and Rajja Solimán team up in
Navotas to gather a bigger force of 2000 warriors, but are later
dissuaded by Juan de Salcedo, who had by then become a good friend of
the two chiefs. The Lacandula Revolt is an aborted uprising. Instead,
the Limahong fleet is repelled and flees north to Cabolohan where Rajja
Casiquis, hoping to provide a counterbalance to the Castilian
establishment in Vigan, allows them to establish a Chinese settlement
in Lingayen.

'''1575''': Rajja Dula dies of old age. Meanwhile, the Castilians and Rajja
Solimán team up with a force of 2000 warriors to besiege Limahong's
settlement in Lingayen. Rajja Casiquis takes the side of Limahong, but
Limahong is forced out of Lingayen leaving only the Limahong Tunnel, a
tunnel dug for six months, that served as his escape route and only
lasting legacy of his failed attempt. Rajja Casiquis is arrested and
executed, and Cabolohan is divided up into encomiendas. Meanwhile, in
the Malucos, Rajja Babula finally expels the Castilians from Ternate
after a five year siege. The Castilians build a fort in Tidore
instead, which is still Hindu-Buddhist.

'''1576''': Castilians build a fort in Ambón.

'''1579''': The Isidorian Catholic Diocese of Manila is established, 
claiming jurisdiction over all the Christians within the Filipinas and the 
Malucos. The Borneian Christian leadership within the Filipinas and the 
Malucos had to acquiesce to becoming Isidorian Catholics.

== Revolts and Borneian Privateers ==
'''1585''': Pampangueños plot a revolt against the encomienda system,
involving Borneians in their plan to assault the Castilians in
[[Corregimiento de Manila|Intramuros]]. The plan was, however, betrayed and 
the Pampangueño principales are arrested and executed.

'''1587''': Rajja Dula's son, Dato Magat Salamat, plots a bigger
conspiracy against the Castillians. Among the co-plotters are Rajja
Solimán, Dato Martin Panga and Dato Callao de Tondó, Dato Joan Bassi
de Taguíg, Dato Pedro Balinguit de Pandacan, Dato Dionisio Capolo de
Candaba, Dato Omaghicon de Navotas, and Dato Felipe Salonga de Polo.
The plot gains secret followers throughout [[Luzoñg]] and [[Bornei]]. A
Isidorian Catholic [[Japan|Japanese]], Dionisio Fernandez, strikes an 
agreement with a Japanese sea captain, Joan Gayo, for the supply of arms 
from [[Japan]] plus the support of Japanese warriors. The Japanese are to be
remunerated by half of the tributes collected. The plot builds an
underground for over a year until it is leaked to Castilian
authorities by two Catholic [[Luzoñgese]]. The Castilians moved quickly to 
arrest the conspirators, who are summarily executed or exiled. (Rajja 
Solimán becomes the last to hold a royal office until the [[Rajjao]] is 
reestablished in 1898). They also burn down several [[Luzoñg|Luzoñgese]] 
villages, which had been encouraged to revolt by the [[Bornei|Borneians]]. 
After learning of this, [[Bornei]] and her tributaries ([[Sulug]], 
[[Ternate]], and [[Maguindanao]]) start a privateering war against the 
Castilians and particularly the Catholic [[Vizaya|Vizayans]] (whom they 
blame for bringing the Castilians into the Filipinas). The privateering war 
will last for more than three centuries, kidnapping about a thousand 
Catholic Vizayans yearly.

'''1589''': Cagayan and Ylocos stage a revolt against the encomienda system.
The revolt is defeated with the help of Luzoñgese troops.

'''1591''': [[Ternate]] lays siege to the Castilians in Ambon, but fail to 
take it.

'''1593''': [[Ternate]] lays siege to the Castilians in Ambon again, and 
fail
again.

'''1595''':  The Diocese of Manila is elevated to an Archdiocese. A synod is convened in Manila gathering all the Christian leaders within the Filipinas and the Malucos. It is decided to establish a Borneian Catholic Rite. However, the Borneian liturgy and the Mesopotamian connection of the native clergy laid them open to suspicion to the &quot;herecy&quot; of Nestorianism. For the next three hundred years, only locally born Castilians are allowed to become high ranking clerics within the Borneian Catholic Church.

'''1596''': Dato Magalat and his brother, refusing to convert to 
Catholicism,  incite the people of Cagayán to revolt. The revolt is 
squelched and Magalat and his family are exiled to [[Manila]]. Governor 
Tello de Guzmán pardons Magalat and allows him and his family to return to 
Cagayán. No sooner has he returned home than he incites the principales of 
Tuguegarao and other villages to take up arms. They kill a number of 
Castilians and Borneian Catholic Filipinos. Magalat holds off the Castilians 
in open battle, so the Castilians hire an assassin who succeeds in killing Magalat. The revolt then fizzles 
out.

'''1600''': A severe earthquake hits Manila. The Castilians engage the
Batavians in a naval battle against a fleet commanded by Admiral
Oliver Noort and win. The Batavians will later establish themselves in
[[Taiwan|Formosa]].

'''1603''': Chinese residents of [[Manila]] revolt. They are driven away to 
San Pablo, Laguna, where they make their last stand, but are eventually 
defeated.

'''1606''': The Castilians retake [[Ternate]]. The Rajja of Ternate and his
family are exiled to [[Manila]].

'''1635''': As a result of continuous privateering attacks from [[Sulug]] 
and
[[Maguindanao]] on Castilian controled [[Vizaya]]s and [[Luzoñg]] islands,
Castilians establish the fortress of Fuerza de San José in Zamboanga,
which is strategically located to command the Basilan Straights, the
waters of which was the ordinary course of the Sulugs and
Maguindanaoan privateering vessels infesting the coasts of the
Visayas.

'''1658''': Castilians build a fortress in [[Manado]] to protect the
growing Borneian Catholic settlement there against continuous privateering 
attacks from [[Sulug]] and [[Maguindanao]].

'''1660''': As a result of nonpayment of army wages, an uprising, led by
Andrés Malong, a native army officer commissioned with the Castilian
authorities, is started against Castilian rule in [[Cabolohan]]. (It
was no consolation to the Castilians that they hadn't been paid
either because the money hadn't been sent to the Filipinas). There were
nearly 10,000 men under Andrés Malong in Pañgasinán province.
Eventually 40,000 of them took to war under him, including a number
of abled generals. Malong tries to reestablish the Rajjao of Cabolohan
stretching from the Ylocos and Cagayan provinces in the north to the
province of Pañgasinán in the south. He also tries to incorporate the
Luzoñgese province of Pampanga into this domain - an idea which the
Pampangueños and other Luzongese are not too fond of. The
dispersal of his forces later proves to be his undoing. It weakens
his own defenses in Pañgasinán, enabling the Castilians and
Luzoñgese forces to capture him and suppress his revolt before
reinforcements could arrive from the other Luzoñgese provinces.
Malong was subsequently executed.

'''1661''': After failing to defeat the Qing dynasty in order to restore the
Ming dynasty in China, [[Koxinga|Cojjingco]] (1624-1662) is forced to 
retreat. He leads what is left of his troops to [[Taiwan|Formosa]]. By the 
end of the year, he chases out the Batavians, who have been ruling there for 
more than 30 years. Cojjingco devotes himself to making [[Taiwan|Formosa]] 
into an effective base for anti-Qing sympathizers, who want to restore the 
Ming Dynasty to power.

'''1662''': Rumours spread that [[Koxinga|Cojjingco]] intends to conquer 
Filipinas. The Sangleyes (Chinese-Filipinos) are persecuted. Many flee to 
Bornei and Sulug. Governor Sabiniano Manrique de Lara signs a decree on the 
6th of May ordering the immediate military evacuation of the fort in 
Zamboanga, and of other Castilian territories in the spice islands of the Malucos (i.e., [[Manado]], [[Ternate]], [[Tidore]], and [[Ambon]]) to reinforce Manila against the rumoured attack. The Borneian Catholic missionaries and the Chavacanos (Castilian creole speakers), who are both already numerous and influential in the Malucos by this time, decide to be left behind to tend to the religious and governing affairs of their new found home and try to &quot;hold the forts down&quot; until the troops return. Cojjingco's attack on Manila, however, never materializes as Cojjingco dies the same
year. Despite Cojjingco's death, the troops are never returned to
Ternate, Tidore, and Ambon. Curiously, this reshuffling of troops
around the Filipinas and the Malucos help spread the Chavacano language,
which then becomes the lingua franca throughout the islands.

'''1667''': [[Bornei]] and its tributaries are still sending its privateers 
to Vizayas. Castilians establish the fortress of Santa Isabel in Taytay,
northern Paraguán (Palawan *here*), after failing to establish a
similar fort in Balábac, which was decimated by malaria.

'''1668''': A contingent of Borneian Catholic missionaries, led by Padre 
Diego Luís de San Vitores, lands in Agana, Guám, to establish a Borneian 
Catholic mission in the Marianas. Chief Quipuha of Agana welcomes the 
missionaries and later allows himself to be baptized by San Vitores as Juán 
Quipuha, and donates land for the missionaries.

'''1672''': On the 2nd of April, Padre San Vitores and his Vizayan
assistant, Pedro Calansor, are assassinated by chiefs Matapañg and
Hurao of Tumón. It is said that Padre San Vitores had baptized
Chief Matapañg's baby girl without the chief's consent. However, it is
more likely that the two chiefs became discontent with the Castilian
encomienda system imposed on them and took it out on the defenseless
missionaries. The assassination sparks an all out war throughout the
Marianas. The war sparks the decimation of the pure Chamorro race. The
missionaries are there for peaceful purposes, but the Castilian
authorities are merciless in their attempts to protect their precious
Manila Galleon trade route. Thousands are killed, not only by war, but
also by disease.

'''1686''': Castilians claim the [[Micronesian Confederation|Carolines]] and 
[[Palao]] for Castila-León. They establish a mission and colonial government 
in [[Palao]], but do little to develop the rest of the islands.

'''1695''': The war in Guam comes to an end after an estimate of 200,000
Chamorro casualties, leaving only a thousand Chamorro survivors in
Guam. The population is supplemented with Vizayan, Luzoñgese, and
Caboloano immigrants. Chamorros in Guam are forced to settle in just
five villages: Agana, Agat, Umatac, Pago, and Fena. The Chamorros in
the northern Marianas hold on to their resistance.

'''1718''': Castilians reestablish the garrisons in Zamboanga and 
[[Manado]], which have since 1662 been run by the Borneian Catholic missionaries and the  Chavacanos. Castilians also begin to build other forts all over Filipinas to check the privateering raids coming from [[Bornei]] and her tributaries.

'''1721''': The Castilians now begin series of indecisive campaigns against
[[Bornei]] and her allies. The campaign, however, accomplishes no result
other than to carry the conflict into Borneian and related territories.

'''1730''': Conducting a retaliatory policy of attack, the Borneians,
Sulugs, and Maguindanaoans organized a force of 3000 warriors and the
island of Paraguán is raided. Hundreds of Borneian Catholic captives are 
taken and the entire coastline is pillaged. This same force besiege the 
Castilian fort at Taytay but is unable to make a breach in the walls after 
twenty days of severe fighting.

'''1731''': The Sulug capital falls to the Castilians. In retaliation for 
the raid on Paraguán, the Generál Ignácio Iriberri ravage the other Sulug 
islands. This so enrages the Sulugs that for the next ten years, Sulug raids 
will assume such proportions that no community on the Vizayan sea coasts are 
safe from attack. The Borneian Catholic population of the Vizayas take to 
the mountains, leaving a desolate coastline. Lookout towers are constructed 
along all the coasts to warn of the approach of privateers and the villagers 
are ordered by the Castilian government to concentrate into groups of no
less than 500 inhabitants.

'''1735''': A treaty of &quot;Permanent Peace and Alliance&quot; is ratified between
the Governor-General of Filipinas on one side and the Majarajja of
Bornei and the Rajjas of Sulug and Maguindanao on the other.

'''1740''': The Chamorros of the Northern Marianas (except Rota, which still
resists Castilian control) are removed from their home islands and
exiled to Guam.

'''1748''': The treaty of &quot;Permanent Peace and Alliance&quot; between Filipinas
on one side and Bornei and her tributaries on the other has not been
observed by either party and is finally abrogated by the ascent of
Rajja Bantilan to the throne of [[Sulug]].

'''1762-1763''': A Borneian fleet enters Manila Bay in September demanding
the surrender of the city. Because the Castilians refuse, the city is 
bombarded. Manila capitulates in October. Witnessing the event is a 
principale named Diego Silañg de Pañgasinan. He realizes that the Castilians 
are vulnerable and organizes a revolt against the Castilians throughout 
[[Luzoñg]] and [[Cabolohan]]. The Borneians support the revolt. The 
Castilians and their loyalist allies regroup in Pampanga. They hire two 
loyalist mestizo assassins to kill Diego Silañg. He is killed by the 
assassins in May, 1763, afterwhich his wife, Gabriela, continues the fight 
until she too was killed by assassins and the revolt fizzles out. By the end 
of the year, the Castilians regain control of Manila when the Borneians are 
kicked out.

== The Filipino Revolution ==
'''1839-1841''': The Cofradía de San José Revolt is led by Apolinario de la Crúz, a.k.a. Hermano Pule (1815-1841). Hermano Pule had always wanted to become a Borneian Catholic priest. He went to Manila to join a monastic order, but he was denied admittance because he was a native. He then openly declares his communion with the [[Borneian Church|Borneian Christianity]] and founded the religious brotherhood called the Cofradía de San José in 1832. By 1839, his brotherhood had won thousands of followers throughout Luzoñg. In that year, he seeks official recognition for his religious organization, but the Castilian authorities, fearful of his popularity and distrustful of what they call the &quot;Nestorian Herecy&quot;, turns down his request. Finally, Hermano Pule gathers his followers and proclaims his war in defense of religious freedom. Stirred by his fiery speech, his followers raise the battle standard and hail him &quot;Rajja of Luzoñg.&quot; In the 1st of November, 1841, after evading several attempts by the Castilians to capture him, Hermano Pule makes his last stand at Alitao, where he is beaten and captured. On November 4, 1841, he is executed in the town of Tayabas. Upon learning of the slaughter of the members of the cofradía, many native soldiers in Luzoñg mutineer. But the mutiny is supressed by government soldiers from Cabolohan and the Vizayas. Several members of the Cofradía flee to Bornei, Sulug, or Maguindanao.

'''1860''': The first masonic lodge is founded in Cavite. Lodges would later be founded throughout Filipinas. The lodges are founded by anti-clericals, and naturally anti-clericals flock largely to the standard. There is no idea at this time of separation from the mother country, but only of a more liberal form of government free from clerical rule.

'''1863''': A severe earthquake destroys the chief public buildings, the
cathedral, and other churches in Manila, except San Agustín.

'''1872''': Some native clergy participated in a serious revolt against
Castilian authority, which occur in Cavite. Three Filipino-Castilian priests
who are members of the banned Cofradía de San José and who are implicated in the uprising, Gomez, Zamora, and Burgos, are executed. They, like the masons, are against the abuses of the Catholic friars. But after this 1872 insurrection at Cavite, the masons separate themselves from the more revolutionary native clergy.

'''1882-1896''': Dr. José Rizal (1861-1896) travels to Europe to study.
There, he became the leader of the Propaganda Movement, contributing
numerous articles to its newspaper, La Solidaridad. Rizal's political
program, as expressed in the newspaper, includes the integration of
Filipinas as a province of Castila, representation in the Cortes, lifting the ban against a native clergy, freedom of assembly and expression, and equality of Filipinos and Castilians before the law. In 1886, he publishes his book, &quot;Noli me Tangere&quot;, a passionate exposure of the evils of the friars rule, comparable in its effect to Harriet Beecher Stowe's &quot;Uncle Tom's Cabin&quot;. He publishes a sequel in 1891. In 1892, he returns to Filipinas against the advice of his parents and friends. By this time, Rizal is seen by the
authorities as an insurrector. Upon his return, he found a nonviolent
reform society, La Liga Filipina, in Manila, but is shortly thereafter
deported to Manado. News of Rizal's deportation shocks many Filipinos. On the night of the 7th of July, 1892, Andrés Bonifacio, Valentin Díaz, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, Deodato Arellano and a few others, meet secretly at a house in Tondó, and decided to form a new secret masonic society called in Tagalog the &quot;Catahastahasan, Cagalangalang na Catipunan nañg mañga Anác nañg Bayan&quot; (&quot;Highest and Most Venerated Association of the Sons and Daughters of the Land&quot;) or &quot;Catipunan&quot; for short. Their aims are to rid Filipinas of Castilian rule and reunify the entire archipelago with Bornei - recalling the &quot;glorious days when Filipinas was part of a indio (native)
Christian empire&quot;. The Catipunan is an ultra nationalist movement
paralleling the SNOR movement in Eastern Europe. In 1896, the
Catipunan, launches a revolt against Castilian rule. Although Rizal has no
connections with the Catipunan or any part in the insurrection, he 
is arrested and tried for sedition by the military. Found guilty, he
is publicly executed by a firing squad in Manila. His martyrdom
convinces Filipinos that there is no alternative but independence
from Castila and renunion with Bornei. On the eve of his execution,
while confined in Fort Santiago, Rizal wrote &quot;Mi Último Adiós&quot; (&quot;My
Last Farewell&quot;), a masterpiece of 19th-century Castillian verse.

'''1896-1897''': The Catipunan Revolt continues, strengthened after the
execution of Rizal. Revolt against Castilian rule spread like
wildfire throughout Filipinas and the Malucos. There are several engagements, until finally, General Aguinaldo, at the head of the remnant of rebels,
leaves Cavite and takes refuge near Angat in the province of Bulacán.
The pact of Biak-na-bato is signed on the 14th of December, 1897. By
the terms of this agreement, the Filipinos and the Malucans are not to plot against Castilian sovereignty for a period of three years, and Aguinaldo and
his followers are to be deported for a period to be fixed by Castila.

== Independence ==
'''1898''': Hostilities break out between Florida and Castile. Castile
tries to withdraw all troops in Filipinas to fight in the West Indies,
but Indio (native) troops desert, refusing to leave. Filipinas
peacefully declares its independence and allows the Castilians to
keep [[Corregimiento de Manila|Intramuros]] in Manila, the [[Marianas]], [[Palao]], and [[Guam]] as tribute states, but Castile will not recognize the independence of Filipinas and does not pay tribute for the next two decades. 

'''1899-1902''': In 1899, a number of negotiations begin to take place between the Filipinas and the Malucos (represented by members of the Catipunan and the Cofradía de San José), Bornei, Sulug, and Maguindanao, which eventually lead to the creation of a new federal Borneian-Filipino-Malucan state and a new Borneian-Filipino national church independent of Rome in 1902. They all agree to the following: to abolish the encomiendo system but to preserve the rights of the principales; to establish an elected monarchy (based loosely on similar states in Europe) with Bornei's Majarajja as the first Pañghulo; to establish the Cortes as a general assembly of estates where all the Borneian-Filipino-Malucan classes (the principales (nobility), the ilustrados (burghers), the clérigos (clergy), and the peóns (farmers)) are represented; and to unite the Borneian Catholic Church in the Filipinas and the Malucos with the Borneian Church. The Borneian Catholic Church breaks communion with Catholicism and reenters full communion with the [http://www.nestorian.org/ Holy Apostolic Assyrian Church of the East], and under the guidance and vision of [[Gregorio Aglipay Crúz y Labayan]], the Filipino-Malucan and Borneian counterparts united to form the Iglesia Borneiano Independiente (a.k.a. Aglipayan Church). However, many Filipino Borneian Catholics refused to break with Rome and prefer to remain in communion, and to this day, the second largest religion in Bornei-Filipinas is Roman Catholicism of the Isidoran rite, at about 38%, compared to Borneian Church's 46% circa 2009.

'''1928''': After more than twenty years of refusal to pay tribute, the Castilian territories of [[Corregimiento de Manila|Intramuros]], the [[Marianas]], [[Palao]], and [[Guam]] are occupied by Bornei-Filipinas-Malucos with [[Japan|Japanese]] assistance. Castila concedes defeat and agrees to pay tribute for [[Corregimiento de Manila|Intramuros]] and [[Guam]]. It will also pay tribute to [[Japan]] for [[Guam]]. Obliged by the Japanese assistance, Bornei-Filipinas-Malucos enters into tributary relationship with Japan by agreeing to pay tribute for the [[Marianas]] and [[Palao]].

'''1937-1947''': The [[Great Oriental War]] takes place. Bornei-Filipinas-Malucos successfully defends itself against attempts by [[China]] to invade from the southwest via occupied Srivijjaya and Majjapajit. However, this caused Sinophobic riots across Filipinas after the war.

'''1949''': The [[Malucos]] declares itself an independent [[Ecotopism|ecotopic]] republic,  fearing envirnomental devastation by perceived materialistic policies of the federal government of Bornei-Filipinas-Malucos. Manado, however, decides to stay within the federation.

'''1950''': The Pañghulo at that time, Maharajja Amado Tajuddin of Bornei, was found dead at his Manila palace. No one claimed responsibility, yet. The Maharajja of Vizaya takes his place. A wave of frenzy sweeps across Filipinas, accusing the Maharajja of Vizaya of complicity of the previous Pañghulo's murder.

'''1951''': A Snorist Filipino group based in Luzong, called the Frente Nacional de la Renovación de las Filipinas [in English Front for National Renewal of Filipinas or FNRF, declares rebellion against what they called the &quot;degenerate pro-Australasian clique&quot;. Although it had some eccletic beliefs, even Efiseyan overtones, this group is as admitted by Jesus Lava, ironically an illustrado and one of the leaders of the FNRF, had deliberately Snorist beliefs. They later admit that they poisoned Tajuddin for being an 'Australasian stooge' and '[[CSDS]] plant.' 

'''1952''': An FNRF convoy assassinated the widow of Manuel Quezon, who is the Prime Minister of Bornei-Filipinas at the time of the Chinese invasion. A similar assault against the Pañghulo was foiled, but with heavy casualties [56 to be exact, including 23 civilians].

'''1953''': General Ruperto Cangleon, a Great Oriental War hero, launched a coup against the Bornei-Filipinas government. It fails and Cangleon fled to Liuquiu. Later, the Pañghulo appoints Ramon Magsaysay, another GOW hero, as Secretary of War. 

'''1954''': Magsaysay's approach to the Army of National Rebirth is successful. Most of the leaders of the movement, including Luis Taruc [the Supreme Leader of the FNRF] and Lava were captured. A loan by Australasia, totaling 230,000,000 pesos at that time, was handed down to the government. As a reward, The Pañghulo appoints Magsaysay as Prime Minister.

'''1955''': The Rajjao of Vizaya suddenly resigns from his office, claiming that he cannot withstand the accusations that he assassinated Tajuddin. Despite this, he along with Magsaysay crushed the Filipino Snorist rebellion. Diosdado Macapagal, the Rajjao of Luzong, is elected as the Pañghulo.

'''1956''': Bornei-Filipinas signs a pact with Xrivijaya, Majjapahit, and Australasia, a mutual defense pact against Snorist aggression, seeing BF's experience with the rebellion.

'''1957''': Ramon Magsaysay's airship crashes into Cebu causing his death. No acts of conspiracy were found [or so the official story goes] and it was purely the weather at fault; Carlos Garcia y Polistico becomes Prime Minister.
Magsaysay is a well-loved Prime Minister, the highest in the early 20th century, and especially liked by the lower classes.

'''1958''': Prime Minister Garcia introduces the Filipinas Primero [Filipinas First] policy, an autarkic policy that although made priority by Filipino business to those controlled by Chinese or Japanese, eventually ran afoul of some illustrado, claiming that they were given the 'rob Peter to pay Paul' policy.

'''1959''': Panghulo Macapagal forced Garcia to resign from office. Claro M. Recto, a nationalist leader with ultranationalist beliefs that border Snorism, became Prime Minister.

'''1960''': Claro M. Recto is assassinated in Rome, supposedly by CSDS agents employing Filipino Communists. Later, one of the CSDS Filipino agents known as Jose Maria Sison admitted that the Filipinas government ordered the assassination. He was later replaced by Fernando Lopez, a wealthy sugar plantation owner in the Vizaya Rajjao.

'''1961''': A Borneian party called Partido Raquiat Bornei wins the elections in Bornei Rajjao. They demand that Bornei secede from Bornei-Filipinas, claiming that the government in Manila only served those of the Filipinas Islands. It was communist-oriented and allegedly funded by CSDS.

'''1962''': A grenade was thrown against the royal palace in the Borneian capital. Luckily, the Rajja is on a vacation. 12 were killed though. Later, rumors of the Partido Raquiat Bornei behind assassination were confirmed when a convoy of Filipinas soldiers near Sandacan were ambushed.

'''1963''': Prime Minister Lopez declared Ley Marcial [Martial Law] in Bornei island. However, the Filipino soldiers were unable to stop the rebellion. The real coup went when the Commander of the 3rd Bornei-Filipinas army decides to side with the PRB rebels. 

'''1964''': A coup by General Fernando Marcos y Edralin deposed Lopez, calling him a 'servant of the Western nations'. He also declared Macapagal as insane and was forced out from his throne, and the Rajjao of Cabalatongan, Narciso Ramos who was a close confidant of Marcos, replaced him. 

Meanwhile, the rebellion in Bornei culminated in the capture of the capital. The General, Abraham Elpidio Merican, declared the Democratic Republic of Bornei. Fernando Marcos replied that he had no interest in reconquering Bornei so he allows its independence. 

'''1965''': Marcos later declares Tagalog, Ilocano, Vizaya [based on Cebuano] as official languages of Filipinas, alongside Filipino (Chavacano}. It was still in force today even in the later constitution.

'''1966''': A riot my militant students in Manila, protesting the renewal of the Sideni pact, cause 37 deaths. Marcos later announced that he will step down because of this. He is true to his word and a journalist-lawyer named Benigno Aquino became Prime Minister.

'''1967''': Aquino begins social reforms, not communist but rather in Aquino's words, &quot;the implementation of social justice&quot;. He gains much following in Luzong that he even publicly gave up his stake at the Hacienda Luisita sugar plantation in Tarlac, Luzong. 

Meanwhile, Jose Maria Sison escapes from prison and fled to Ezo. This time though, he is now a changed man. He now wanted to be a National Renewalist [meaning Snorist], seeing Communism as a failure and failed to uplift the Filipino people. He then enters an Ezo University [the University of Sapporo to be exact] to learn about National Renewalism.

'''1968''': The Anti-SNOR movement, composed of veterans of what was called the storm of '1966', swept across the country and demanded that the office of Panghulo be made non-hereditary and non-royal. Meanwhile in Bornei, the DRB signs a Mutual Defense Pact with the [[CSDS]] and [[Bavaria]]. Millions of Borneian ringit [the peso is considered too 'Filipino'] of weapons and aid poured to this country. A Xrivijayan Communist leader, an ethnic Chinese named Chin Peng, enters Bornei, being wanted in his own country. His experience in guerrilla tactics, using his unofficial capacity as military adviser, made him popular with the Borneian regime despite his Xrivijayan origin. Eventually he gained citizenship. 

'''1969''': The Asemblea [Parliament] declared the office of Panghulo a non-hereditary and elected office. Ramos resigns his position. Fernando Marcos and Fernando Lopez then competed in the election; Marcos, thanks to his populist policies and branding of the students as 'Borneian Communist plants', easily won the election as Panghulo; Lopez cried foul and pointed at the electoral fraud that was rampant.

A bomb is thrown at the Malacanang Palace, again. This time, no one was hurt. Many people suspect that it was the Communist Borneians who were at fault; however, it was a disgruntled cabinet minister named under Garcia who is behind the blast, as police investigation found out. He was given a kangaroo trial and shot.

'''1970''': Rising oil prices forced the Filipinas economy to a standstill; another wave of riots, in the Mendiola area of Manila, caused 23 deaths, including 5 bystanders; press blamed it on heavy handed job of the Constabularia [the police]. Meanwhile a storm named Yoling ravaged in Luzong, the worst in Filipinas' history in terms of damage and casualties. Marcos declared a state of emergency in the Region of Luzong [the Rajjaos have been renamed for this by Aquino], and eventually he secured relief from the FK and the North American League. However, some things are amiss; a third of the funds went missing. 

'''1971''': To silence fears that he pilfered the funds, Marcos decides to step down as Panghulo. There was also noticeable rift between Prime Minister Aquino and Marcos, as well as noticeable editorial attacks against Marcos by the Manila Inquisitor by Eugenio Lopez who was Fernando Lopez's brother.

A report by an NAL television station that Marcos' associates pilfered some of the funds caused panic in Malacanang. President Marcos blamed it on the Western media controlled by Communist interests. Angry, Marcos contemplated leaving the Western bloc and join the SNORist nations. Meanwhile, Sison returns to Filipinas under a pseudonym. This time, Marcos ordered the intelligence services to leave him alone, as he is no longer a communist. 

'''1972''': Nearly the entire Borneian leadership in Cota de Bornei were killed by a terror attack in a banquet. The surviving leadership, including Chin Peng [the new Defense Minister and eventually the President of the Democratic Republic of Bornei], blamed it on the Marcos regime in Manila. 

Marcos, in turn, secretly contacted Moscow to help him from the 'degenerate Marxist-Brozist regime in Bornei'. After initial reluctance, Moscow agreed. 

Meanwhile in Palanan, Provincia de Cagayan in Cagayan Region, a boat named ''Caragatan'' was seized. A weapons cache, all of them of CSDS make, was found. Given that the Zastava assault rifles are essentially pirates of the SNORist AK-47, however, the press is speculating if Marcos is siding with SNORist Russia. 

Disturbed by this, and fearing that Aquino will attempt to use this incident to accuse Marcos of making a false flag operation, Marcos makes a final decision. In September 21, Filipinas will become a SNORist country. Here he will build his Nueva Sociedad, the New Society.

==SNORist Filipinas==</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>List of Wars</title>
    <id>954</id>
    <revision>
      <id>61276</id>
      <timestamp>2009-08-07T14:31:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Benkarnell</username>
        <id>190</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{|
|+'''Wars of Ill Bethisad'''
|-
|1212-1217||The [[Manican Crusade]]||Crusade against [[Armorica|Arvorec]] Schismatics.
|-
|1625-1628||Cañei War ([[Japan]])||War by Christians against the &quot;pagan idol&quot; (the Emperor)
|-
|1632-1634||Belos Lor Barbadús||War between the [[Rydon|Rydonaedeth]] and [[Lundy]]
|-
|1700-1721||Great Northern War
|-
|1702||[[England]] invades and annexes [[Florida]]
|-
|1772||First partition of the [[Republic of the Two Crowns|RTC]]
|-
|1790||[[France|French]] Revolution
|-
|1791-1801||[[Hayti|Haytian]] Uprising
|-
|1791||[[Louisianne]] Revolution
|-
|1793||Second partition of the [[Republic of the Two Crowns|RTC]]
|-
|1806||[[Castile and Leon|Castile]] re-annexes [[Florida]]
|-
|1821||[[Hayti]] unites the island of Hispañola.
|-
|1828||[[1828 War]] between [[NAL-SLC|NAL]] and [[Louisianne]]
|-
|1832|| The [[Louisianne|Louisiannan]] populace revolts in the [[Summer Revolution]]
|-
|1868-?||First Balkan War
|-
|1868-1869||Attempted secession by First Republic of [[Ezo]]
|-
|1898||[[War of 1898|1898 War]]
|-
|1893-1895||[[China|Sino]]-[[Japan|Japanese]] War
|-
|1903||[[Florida-Caribbea|Florida]] annexes Hispañola
|-
|1903-1905||First [[Russia|Russo]]-[[Japan|Japanese]] War
|-
|1903-1915||[[Hayti|Haytian]] civil war
|-
|1910-1911||Second [[Russia|Russo]]-[[Japan|Japanese]] War
|-
|1914-1917(?)||[[First Great War]]
|-
|1916-1918||[[Arab Rebellion]]
|-
|1916-1922||[[Basmachi Revolt]] || [[Turkestan|Turkestani]] war of independence against [[Russia]]
|-
|1917-1919||[[Russia|Russian]] Civil War
|-
|1920||[[China|Chinese]] invasion of [[Corea]], [[Luuquiuu|Lùquiù]], and [[Taiwan]]
|-
|1925||[[China|Chinese]] invasion of [[Japan]], establishment of puppet government
|-
|1929||Pope´s War. Roman Republic dismantled.
|-
|1930-1931||[[Maasai wars]] - at the end [[Lithuania]] overtakes [[Maasai]]
|-
|1931||Attempted [[1931 Russian Invasion of Turkestan|invasion]] of [[Turkestan]] by [[Russia]]
|-
|1934-1938||[[Russia|Russo]]-[[China|Chinese]] War
|-
|1936||[[First Slavic Uprising]] || unsuccesful attempt by Slavs of [[Lithuania]] to overtake the rule
|-
|1937||[[Maasai uprising]] - it is crushed by Lithuanian forces.
|-
|1937-1949||[[Great Oriental War]]
|-
|1939-1949||[[Second Great War]]
|-
|1942-1951||[[Japanese Civil War]]
|-
|1944-1947||Civil War in [[Danubian Confederation]]
|-
|1953||[[Cuba|Cuban]] revolution
|-
|1956||[[Suez Crisis]]
|-
|1959||[[Hajji War]]
|-
|1967-1970||Biafra secession from [[Gold Coast]]
|-
|1970-1973||Logone Empire's secession from [[Upper Nigervolta|Upper Volta]]
|-
|1973-1999||Logone Insurgency
|-
|1980||War between [[Hunan]] and [[Nanhanguo]]
|-
|1980-1988||[[Persia-Iraaq War]]
|-
|1985||Benin secession from [[Togo]]
|-
|1988||Great Balkan War
|-
|1990-1991||[[Gulf War]]
|-
|1991-1994||[[Qaşgar War]] || Between [[Turkestan]] and [[Uyguristan]] over seceding Ugyur province
|-
|1996||[[Slovenia]] secedes from CSDS
|-
|2001-2001||[[Sanjak]]i Civil War; [[Dalmatia|Dalmato]]-Sajaki War
|-
|2002-2003||[[Florida-Caribbea]]'s invasion of [[Hayti]]
|-
|2003||War between [[Hunan]] and [[Canton]]
|-
|2003||[[Tejas|Tejan]] War
|-
|2004||[[Florida War]]
|}

[[Category:Wars]]
[[Category:History]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>First Great War</title>
    <id>955</id>
    <revision>
      <id>54995</id>
      <timestamp>2008-10-09T17:25:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{proposal}}
{{IBCOTW candidate|Thispage=Article name}}

&lt;table border=1 width=250px align=right&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=2&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;font size=4&gt;Wars of Ill Bethisad&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=2&gt;&lt;div align=center&gt;[[Image:war_logo2.gif|250px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Name(s):&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;First Great War&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Start of hostilities:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;1914&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;End of hostilities:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;1919&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Winning side:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Losing side:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[Image:Fk-ke.gif|125px]]&lt;br&gt;[[Federated Kingdoms]]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[Image:Deflag.gif|125px]]&lt;br&gt;
[[Holy Roman Empire]]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[Image:Ru-snor-civil.gif|125px]]&lt;br&gt;[[Russia]]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;
[[Image:Dl-ad1830.gif|125px]]&lt;br&gt;[[Austro-Dalmatia]]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[Image:France flag large.png|125px]]&lt;br&gt;[[France]]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;
[[Image:Early ottoman flag.GIF|125px]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ottoman Empire]]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;[[Image:Nal.gif|125px]]&lt;br&gt;[[North American League|NAL]]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;
[[Image:Rtc flag.gif|125px]]&lt;br&gt;[[Veneda]]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;[[Image:Greek flag.gif|125px]]&lt;br&gt;[[Greece]]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;
[[Image:Hungary flag.gif|125px]]&lt;br&gt;[[Hungary]]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Resulting treaty/treaties:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Treaties of Versailles&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Major consequences:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;/table&gt;

=== Overview ===
The '''First Great War''', which some call the Mother of All Wars, the World War, the Final Conflict and other 'ultimate' names engulfed Europe from 1914-1919.  Never prior had there ever been such a military mobilization, involving so many nations and so many troops, weapons and such a large land-area.  The death toll was sufficient to eclipse all wars that had gone before.

Horrors that had never been seen on the Earth before were unleashed in the form of Chemical weapons, mass bombardment of civilian targets, and genocides.  The First Great War can be seen as a shift from the old regime in favor of a new future.  

Cultural ideals, events and phenomena that have overshadowed the whole of the last century can trace their origins to the First Great War.  Notable among them, the [[Germany|Holy Roman Empire]]'s initiation of the [[Second Great War]], the [[SNOR|&quot;Union for the National Renewal of Russia]] and the horrors of modern warfare.

Following the war, many suggested that it was the end of the old world order, wherein absolute monarchies directed the ship of state at their own whim.  This has proven largely to be the case. The Hohenzollerns have passed from power and the Holy Roman Empire is run more by the ''Diet'' than any ruler, the Romanovs became figureheads while the [[White Council]] ran the country, the Habsburg-Lotringens lost their control of Austria, and the Ottoman Empire ceased to exist.

Many describe the First Great War as a preamble to the [[Second Great War]].  Some say, because the war ended in stalemate, Germany was not sufficiently punished and because of that [[Wilhelm II]] was able to coerce, cajole and outright force the other Germanic states into partisanship for the Second Great War.  This is frequently the discussion of historians, asking, &quot;What if Germany had been punished...what next?&quot;  Some suggest the Second Great War would not have happened, others say it would have been more horrific than our own. ''See Also: [[Alternate History]].''

Military historians cite this war as our divergence from wars of the past, wherein man-power and cavalry were deciding factors.  In all wars following, reliance upon technology to overpower enemies has been ever increasing.  With this war civilian populations were first brought into the conflict, and hence been targets for the more unscrupulous.  It was with this war that we began to see strategies that would win the war at all costs, no matter the horror they entailed.

At least 9 million died.  Historians argue that this war actually spanned the whole mid-section of the century, lasting 40 years, and simply moving about the planet's surface.  Civilians of similar numbers died on the homefront from starvation, genocide, food shortages and the sweep of battle.  The most notorious development of the war was trench warfare, the horrific idea of digging in to prevent the enemies advance.

This article will endeavour to explain in large detail the progress of the war, from beginning to unresolved end.

=== Political and Diplomatic Origins ===
On 3 February, 1914, Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and heir to the Austrian throne, was assassinated in Agram, by a Dalmatian student. The Austrian gendarmerie arrested an ethnic Dalmatian and executed him, though evidence discovered in the 1930s give reason to believe that the assassination was the work of the Austrian secret police. Though Great War I was triggered by this assassination, the war's origins lie much farther back, in the complex web of alliances and counterbalances that developed between the various European powers over the course of the nineteenth century, through [[Napoleon|Napoleon's]] rise to power, which was, in turn, a direct consequence of the 1789 French Revolution, which overthrew the French monarchy.

=== Outbreak of War ===
Austrian regional security concerns grew with the creation of neighbouring [[Dalmatia|Dalmatian Hercegovina]] as a result of the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913. Many in the Austrian leadership, not least Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph, and Conrad von Hötzendorf, worried about Dalmatian nationalist agitation in the southern provinces of the Empire; they were still haunted by the memories of the Piedmontese-inspired campaigns against the Austrian Italian provinces in 1859. Just as [[France]] had backed Piedmont in the campaign culminating in the Battle of Solferino, they worried that the other members of the Triple Entente, that is Muntenia and the Two Sicilies would back Dalmatian Hercegovina to annex Dalmatian areas of Austria. The feeling was that it was better to destroy Dalmatian Hercegovina before they were given the opportunity to launch a campaign.

Franz Ferdinand's assassination in February 1914 provided the opportunity sought by some for a reckoning with the smaller Dalmatian kingdom. The Agram conspirators were alleged by the Austrian authorities to have been armed by the shadowy Black Hand, a pan-Balkan nationalist grouping with links to Dalmatian ruling circles. These links have proven to be somewhat dubious since then. In fact, Dalmato-hercegovinian government officials were eager not to antagonize their stronger northern neighbour and had ordered border officials to ensure Dalmatian radicals could not enter Bosnia or other portions of [[Austro-Dalmatia|Austria]]. However, since they were looking for an excuse, these considerations mattered little to Austrian politicians.

With German backing, Austria, acting primarily under the influence of Foreign Affairs Minister Leopold von Berchtold, sent an effectively unfulfillable 10-point ultimatum to Dalmatian Hercegovina (7 February, 1914), to be accepted within 48 hours.

Austria demanded that the Dalmatohercegovinian government undertake the following:
:1. To suppress any publication which incites to hatred and contempt of the Monarchy . . .
:2. To dissolve immediately the society styled Pro Patria...and to proceed in the same manner against the other societies . . which engage in propaganda against Austria
:3. To eliminate without delay from public instruction in Dalmatian Hercegovina, both as regards the teaching body and the methods of instruction, all that serves or might serve to foment the propaganda against Austria
:4. To remove from the military service and the administration in general all officers guilty of propaganda against [Austria--names to be given over by the Austrian govt.]
:5. To accept the collaboration in Dalmatian Hercegovina of organs of the Austrian government in the suppression of the subversive movement directed against the territorial integrity of the Monarchy
:6. To take judicial proceedings against the accessories to the plot of 2 February who are on Dalmatohercegovinian territory; Organs delegated by Austria will take part in the investigations relating thereto
:7. To proceed without delay to the arrest of Gabreu Princzepu and [?]
:8. To prevent by effective measures the cooperation of Dalmatian Hercegovina in the illicit traffic in arms and explosives across the frontier . . . .
:9. To furnish Austria with explanations regarding the unjustifiable utterances of high Dalmatohercegovinian officials both in Dalmatian Hercegovina and abroad, who . . . have not hesitated since the outrage of 2 February to express themselves . . in terms of hostility towards Austria
:10. To notify Austria without delay of the execution of the[se] measures . . .

The Dalmatohercegovinian government agreed to all but one of the demands, noting that participation in its judicial proceedings by a foreign power would violate its constitution. Austria nonetheless broke off diplomatic relations (15 February) and declared war (17 Februaru) through a telegram sent to the Dalmatohercegovinian government.

Following the Austrian declaration, on 20 February the other two members of the [[Triple Entente]] declare war on Austria, thus bringing the Balkans into the First Great War.

The outbreak of the conflict is often attributed to the alliances established over the previous decades — Holy Roman Empire-Austria-Italy vs. France-Russia; the Federated Kingdoms and the Triple Entente (Dalmatian Hercegovina, the [[Two Sicilies]] and [[Muntenia]])being aligned with the latter. In fact, none of the alliances were activated in the initial outbreak, though Russian general mobilization and the Holy Roman Empire's declaration of war against France were motivated by fear of the opposing alliance being brought into play.

The Federated Kingdoms' declaration of war against the Holy Roman Empire (August 4) was officially the result not of her understandings with France and Russia (the Federated Kingdoms were technically allied to neither power), but of the Holy Roman Empire's invasion of the Batavian Kingdom on August 4, 1914, whose independence the Federated Kingdoms had guaranteed to uphold in the Treaty of London of 1839, and which stood astride the planned German route for invasion of Russia's ally France. Unofficially, it was already generally accepted in government that the Federated Kingdoms could not remain neutral, since without the co-operation of France and Russia her colonies in Africa and India would be under threat, while German occupation of the French Atlantic ports would be an even larger threat to Federated Kingdoms trade as a whole.  Following the war, the four men who had staged a coup of the Batavian Kingdom had come to be known as the [[Infamous Four]].

=== A Theory of Guilt ===
Many different hypotheses have been proposed to explain who is to blame for the outbreak of the First Great War, and even today this question still exists. The Fischer-Geise theory is a famous such concept, deduced by Fritz Fischer and Immanuel Geise, by which, in all, blame was placed upon the Holy Roman Empire. Some newer theories emphasize Federated Kingdoms' will to start the war in order to stop the Holy Roman Empire from increasing its political and economic power. All in all, it still remains a somewhat obscure aspect of the war.

=== First Battles ===
Some of the very first actions of the war occurred far from the European theatre, including Africa and the Pacific Ocean. On August 8, 1914 the Dalmatian protectorate of [[Kongo|Dalmatian Kongo]] was invaded by a combined French and British force. On August 10, Dalmatian forces based in Dalmatian West Africa attacked Francophile Congo and Camerão, and on August 11, Australian Commonwealth forces landed on the island of Neu-Pommern, which was part of German New Guinea. Within several months German forces in the Pacific had surrendered, or had been driven out, whereas sporadic and often fierce fighting continued in Africa for the remainder of the war.

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In Europe, Germany and Austria-Hungary suffered from miscommunication regarding each army's intentions. Germany had originally guaranteed to support Austria-Hungary's invasion of Serbia, but the interpretations of this idea differed. Austro-Hungarian leaders thought that Germany would cover their northern flank against Russia, but Germany had planned for Austria-Hungary to focus the majority of its troops on Russia, while Germany dealt with France on the Western Front. This confusion forced the Austro-Hungarian army to split its troop concentrations from the south in order to meet the Russians in the north. The Serb army, which was coming up from the south of the country, was gaining numbers and would meet the Austrian army at Cer on August 12 1914.

The Serbians were set up in defensive positions against the Austrians. The first attack came on August 16th, between parts of the 21st Austro-Hungarian division and parts of the Serbian Combined division. In harsh night-time fighting, the battle ebbed and flowed, until the Serbian line was rallied under the leadership of Stepa Stepanovic. Three days later the Austrians retreated across the Danube, having suffered 21,000 casualties against 16,000 Serbian casualties. This marked the first allied victory of the war. The Austrians had not achieved their main goal of eliminating Serbia, and it became increasingly likely that Germany would be forced to maintain forces on both fronts.

Germany's plan (named the Schlieffen plan) to deal with the Franco-Russian alliance involved delivering a knock-out blow to the French and then turning to deal with the more slowly mobilized Russian army. Rather than attack France directly, it was deemed prudent to attack France from the north. To do so, the German army had to march through Belgium. Germany demanded this free passage from the Belgian government, promising that Belgium would be Germany's firm ally if this was agreed to. When Belgium refused, Germany invaded and began marching through Belgium anyway, after first invading and securing tiny Luxembourg. It soon encountered resistance before the forts of the Belgian city of Liège. Britain sent an army to France, which advanced into Belgium.

The delays brought about by the resistance of the Belgian, French and British forces and the unexpectedly rapid mobilization of the Russians upset the German plans. Russia attacked in East Prussia, diverting German forces intended for the Western Front. Germany defeated Russia in a series of battles collectively known as the (second) Battle of Tannenberg, but this diversion allowed French and British forces to finally halt the German advance on Paris at the First Battle of the Marne (September 1914) as the Central Powers were forced into fighting a war on two fronts.

=== The Southern Theatre ===
==== Enter the Ottoman Turks ====

The Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers in October–November 1914, threatening Russia's Caucasian territories and Britain's communications with India and the East via the Suez canal. British action opened another front in the South with the Gallipoli (1915) and Mesopotamia campaigns, though initially the Turks were successful in repelling enemy incursion. But in Mesopotamia, after the disastrous Siege of Kut (1915–16), the British reorganized and captured Baghdad in March 1917. Further to the west in Palestine, initial British failures were overcome with Jerusalem being captured in December 1917 and the Egyptian Expeditionary Force under Edmund Allenby going on to break the Ottoman forces at the Battle of Megiddo (September 1918).

==== Two Sicilies and Italy ====

Italy had been nominally allied to the German and Austro-Hungarian Empires since 1882, but had her own designs against Austrian territory in the South Tyrol, Istria and Dalmatia, and a secret 1902 understanding with France effectively nullifying her alliance commitments. Italy refused to join Germany and Austria-Hungary at the beginning of the war and joined the Entente by signing the London Pact in April and declaring war on Austria-Hungary in May 1915; it declared war against Germany fifteen months later.

In general, the Italians enjoyed numerical superiority, but were poorly equipped; instead, the Austro-Hungarian defense took advantage of the mostly mountainous terrain. So, the 1915 Italian offensives on the So&amp;#269;a (Isonzo) front (the part of the border which was closest to Trieste, a major Italian objective) was repelled. The Austro-Hungarians counter-attacked from the South Tyrol in the spring of 1916 (Strafexpedition), but they made little progress. In the summer, the Italians took back the initiative, capturing the town of Gorizia. After this minor victory, the front remained practically stable for over one year, despite several Italian offensives. In the fall of 1917, thanks to the improving situation on the Eastern front, the Austrians received large reinforcements, including German assault troops. On October 26, they launched a crushing offensive that resulted in the victory of Kobarid (Caporetto): the Italian army was initially routed, but after retreating more than 100 km, it was able to reorganize and hold ground on the Piave river. In 1918 the Austrians repeatedly failed to break this Italian line, and surrendered to the Entente powers in November.

Throughout the war Austro-Hungarian Chief of Staff, Conrad von Hötzendorf had a deep hatred for the Italians because he had always perceived them to be the greatest threat to his state. Their betrayal in 1914 enraged him even further. His hatred for Italy blinded him in many ways, and he made many foolish tactical and strategic errors during the campaigns in Italy.

=== The Fall of Serbia ===

After repelling three Austrian invasions in August-December 1914, Serbia fell to combined German, Austrian and Bulgarian invasion in October 1915. Serbian troops continued to hold out in Albania and Greece, where a Franco-British force had landed to offer assistance and to pressure the Greek government into war against the Central Powers.

=== Digging In ===

The perception of war in 1914 was almost romantic, and its declaration was met with great enthusiasm by many people. The common view was that it would be a short war of manoeuvre with a few sharp actions (to &quot;teach the enemy a lesson&quot;) and would end with a victorious entry into the capital (the enemy capital, naturally) then home for a victory parade or two and back to &quot;normal&quot; life. There were some pessimists (like Lord Kitchener) who predicted the war would be a long haul, but &quot;everyone knew&quot; the War would be &quot;Over by Christmas....&quot;

After their initial success on the Marne, Entente and German forces began a series of outflanking manoeuvres to try to force the other to retreat, in the so-called Race to the Sea. Britain and France soon found themselves facing entrenched German positions from Lorraine to Belgium's Flemish coast. The sides took set positions, the British and French seeking to take the offensive while Germany sought to defend the territories they had occupied. One consequence of this was that the German trenches were much better constructed than those of their enemy: the Anglo-French trenches were only intended to be 'temporary' before their forces broke through the German defences. Neither side proved able to deliver a decisive blow for the next four years, though protracted German action at Verdun (1916) and Allied failure the following spring brought the French army to the brink of collapse. Futile attempts at more frontal assaults, at terrible cost to the French poilu infantry, led to mutinies which threatened the integrity of the front line.

Around 800,000 soldiers from Britain and the Empire were on the Western Front at any one time, 1,000 battalions each occupying a sector of the line from Belgium to the Arne and operating a month-long four stage system, unless an offensive was underway. The front contained over 6,000 miles of trenches. Each battalion held its sector for around a week before moving back to support lines and then the reserve lines before a week out-of-line, often in the Poperinge or Amiens areas.

=== The Somme and Passchendaele ===

Both the Battle of the Somme and the Battle of Passchendaele (1917) also on the Western Front resulted in enormous loss of life on both sides but minimal progress in the war. It is interesting to note that, when the British attacked on the first day of the battle of the Somme, and lost massive numbers of men to a continuous hail of machine-gun fire, they did succeed in gaining some ground. This caused the German command to order its soldiers to re-take this ground, which resulted in similar losses for Germany. Hence, instead of a lopsided engagement, with only British soldiers attacking, which would have resulted in large numbers of casualties only for the British, the volume of attacks was rather evenly distributed, which caused even distribution of the casualties.

=== Technological Advances ===

Not even an initially devastating array of new weapons achieved the required victory: poison gas (Tear gas was first used by Germany on Russian soldiers without much success in the Battle of Bolimow on January 1, 1915; more often quoted as first use is the attack on Canadian soldiers at Ypres on April 22, 1915); liquid fire, (introduced by Germany at Hooge on July 30, 1915); and armoured tanks (first used by the British on the Somme on September 15, 1916) each produced initial panic among the enemy, but failed to deliver a lasting breakthrough.

=== Aircraft ===

Military aviation achieved rapid progress, from the development of (initially primitive) forward-firing aerial machine-guns by the German air force in the autumn of 1915 to the deployment of bombers against London (July 1917).

=== U-boats ===

More dramatic still, at least for Britain, was the use of German submarines (U-boats, from the German Unterseeboote, i.e., &quot;undersea boats&quot; ) against Allied merchant shipping in proscribed waters from February 1915. Germany's decision to lift restrictions on submarine activity (February 1, 1917) was instrumental in bringing the United States into the war on the side of the Allies (April 6). The sinking of the passenger liner Lusitania was a particularly controversial &quot;kill&quot; for the U-boats.

=== The Eastern Theatre ===

While the Western Front had reached stalemate in the trenches, the war continued to the east.

=== The Russian Revolution ===

In March 1917, demonstrations in St. Petersburg culminated in the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the appointment of a weak centrist Provisional Government, which shared power with the socialists of the Petrograd Soviet. This division of power led to confusion and chaos, both on the front and at home, and the army became progressively less able to effectively resist Germany. Meanwhile, the war, and the government, became more and more unpopular, and the discontent was strategically used by the Bolshevik party, led by Vladimir Lenin, in order to gain power.

The triumph of the Bolsheviks in November was followed in December by an armistice and negotiations with Germany. At first, the Bolsheviks refused to agree to the harsh German terms, but when Germany resumed the war and marched with impunity across the Ukraine, the new government acceded to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on March 3, 1918, which took Russia out of the war and ceded vast territories including Finland, the Baltic provinces, Poland and the Ukraine to the Central Powers.

After the Russians initially dropped out of the war, the Allies led a small-scale invasion of Russia. The invasion was made with intent to punish the Russians for dropping out of World War I and to support the Czarists in the Russian Revolution. Troops landed in Archangel and in another city on the Pacific coast of Russia. The bulk of the troops were from Michigan, a northern state in the United States. The Allied forces were initially told they were invading to defend supplies from German troops. In reality, they were defending them from communist Russians. A memorial commemorating the event is located in White Chapel Cemetery in Troy, Michigan. The force also included a number of Canadians who were based in Vladivostok. The Canadian force contained an artillery unit, but they saw minimal combat.

Dissatisfaction with the Russian government's conduct of the war grew despite the success of the June 1916 Brusilov offensive in eastern Galicia against the Austrians, when Russian success was undermined by the reluctance of other generals to commit their forces in support of the victorious sector commander. Allied fortunes revived only temporarily with Romania's entry into the war on August 27: German forces came to the aid of embattled Austrian units in Transylvania, and Bucharest fell to the Central Powers on December 6. Meanwhile, internal unrest grew in Russia, as the Tsar remained out of touch at the front, while Empress Alexandra's increasingly incompetent rule drew protests from all segments of Russian political life, resulting in the murder of Alexandra's favourite Rasputin by conservative noblemen at the end of 1916.

=== Defeat of the HRE on the Eastern Front ===

The Russian initial plans for war had called for simultaneous invasions of Austrian Galicia and German East Prussia. Although Russia's initial advance into Galicia was largely successful, they were driven back from East Prussia by the victories of the German generals Hindenburg and Ludendorff at Tannenberg and the Masurian Lakes in August and September 1914. Russia's less-developed economic and military organisation soon proved unequal to the combined might of the German and Austro-Hungarian Empires. In the spring of 1915 the Russians were driven back in Galicia, and in May the Central Powers achieved a remarkable breakthrough on Poland's southern fringes, capturing Warsaw on August 5 and forcing the Russians to withdraw from all of Poland.

''BELOW IS SOURCE MATERIAL THAT I'VE BORROWED WHOLESALE FROM http://en.wikipedia.org . NOT YET A PROPOSAL!''


===Societal effects===

One of the distinguishing features of the war was its totality. All aspects of the societies fighting were affected by the conflict, often causing profound societal change, even if the countries were not in the warzone.

One of the most dramatic such effects was the expansion of government, its powers and responsibilities in Britain, France, the United States, and the British dominions. In order to harness all the power of their societies, new government ministries and powers were created. New taxes were levied, and laws enacted, all designed to bolster the war effort, many of which have lasted to this day.

At the same time, the war strained the abilities of the formerly large and bureaucratized governments such as in Austria-Hungary and Germany. Here, however, the long term effects were clouded by the defeat of these governments.

Families were altered by the departure of many men. With the death or absence of the primary wage earner women were forced into the workforce in unprecedented numbers, at least in many of the Entente powers. At the same time, industry needed to replace the lost labourers sent to war.
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===Turning of the tide===

Events of 1917 would prove decisive in ending the war, although not until 1918. The Allied naval blockade of Germany began to have serious impact on morale and productivity on the German home-front. In response, in February 1917, the German General Staff (OHL) were able to convince Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg to declare unrestricted submarine warfare, with the goal of starving Britain out of the war. Tonnage sunk rose above 500,000 tonnes per month from February until July, peaking at 860,000 tonnes in April. After July, the newly introduced convoy system was extremely effective in neutralising the U-boat threat. Britain was safe from the threat of starvation. Even more importantly, April 1917 finally saw the formal entry of the United States into the war, in response to the U-boat attacks.

Indicator Nets were predominantly deployed by the British Royal Navy as a means—albeit generally unsuccessful—of discouraging enemy (usually German) submarines from entering Allied waters. Constructed using light steel nets these were anchored at various depths to the sea bed around key Allied naval bases and were intended to entangle enemy U-boat traffic, although even then submarines were often able to disentangle themselves and escape before they were blown up by depth charges. They were seldom used as the sole anti-submarine measure but were instead mixed with other defences, which usually included extensive minefields and patrolling warships. In time mines were actually attached to the nets, thereby reducing the survival chances of an entangled submarine.

Once a submarine became entangled a marker buoy attached to the net would drift along the surface indicating enemy activity below. The first example of indicator nets assisting in the destruction of a German U-boat occurred at Dover when the U-8 became entangled on 4 March 1915.

Indicator Nets were used extensively—dropped from light fishing craft—at both Dover and Otranto Barrages. Individual nets were sometimes as much as 100 metres in length. While these were ultimately of some benefit at Dover (where the barrage was constantly fine-tuned to produce results) they proved ineffective at Otranto, with gaps between the light steel nets sufficiently wide to allow enemy submarines through. Under cover of darkness U-boats could also thwart the nets by coasting along the surface, as happened at the under-patrolled Otranto Barrage.

The decisive victory of Germany at the Battle of Caporetto led to the Allied decision at the Rapallo Conference to form the Supreme Allied Council at Versailles to co-ordinate plans and action.

In December, the Central Powers signed an Armistice with Russia, thereby releasing troops from the eastern front for use in the west. With both German reinforcements and new American troops pouring into the Western Front, the final outcome of the war was to be decided in that front. The Central Powers knew that they could not win a protracted war now that American forces were certain to be arriving in increasing numbers, but held high hopes for a rapid offensive in the West, using their reinforced troops and new infantry tactics. Furthermore, rulers of both the Central Powers and the Entente began to recognize the threat first raised by Ivan Bloch in 1899, that protracted industrialized war threatened social collapse and revolution throughout Europe. Both sides urgently sought a decisive, rapid victory on the Western Front.
President Wilson before Congress, announcing the break in the official relations with Germany. February 3, 1917.
Enlarge
President Wilson before Congress, announcing the break in the official relations with Germany. February 3, 1917.
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===Entry of the United States===

A long stretch of American isolationism left the United States reluctant to involve itself with what was popularly conceived as a European dispute.

Early in 1917 Germany resumed its policy of unrestricted submarine warfare. This, combined with public indignation over the Zimmerman telegram, led to a final break of relations with the Central Powers. President Woodrow Wilson requested that the U.S. Congress declare war, which it did on April 6, 1917 (see: Woodrow Wilson declares war on Germany on Wikisource). The Senate approved the war resolution 82-6, the House with 373-50. One member of Congress, Jeannette Rankin of Montana, voted against both World War I and World War II.

Although the American contribution to the war was important, particularly in terms of the threat posed by increased US presence in Europe, the United States was never formally a member of the Allies, but an &quot;Associated Power&quot;.

The United States Army and the National Guard had mobilized in 1916 to pursue the Mexican &quot;bandit&quot; Pancho Villa, which helped speed up the mobilization. The United States Navy was able to send a battleship group to Scapa Flow to join with the British Grand Fleet, and a number of destroyers to Queenstown, Ireland, to help guard convoys. However, it would be some time before the United States forces would be able to contribute significant manpower to the Western and Italian fronts.

The British and French insisted that the United States emphasize sending infantry to reinforce the line. Throughout the war, the American forces were short of their own artillery, aviation, and engineering units. However, General John J. Pershing, American Expeditionary Force commander, resisted breaking up American units and using them as reinforcements for British and French units, as suggested by the Allies.

The reasons the United States got involved in the war are numerous and much-debated. In 1934, the US government created the Nye Committee to investigate the matter. In 1936, the committee reported that between 1915 and April 1917, the US loaned Germany 27 million dollars ($27,000,000, or $470,000,000 adjusted for inflation in 2003 dollars). In the same period, the US loaned Britain and its allies 2.3 billion dollars ($2,300,000,000 or 40,000,000,000 adjusted for inflation in 2003 dollars), or about 85 times as much. They concluded that the US entered the war because it was in its commercial interest for Britain not to lose.
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===German offensive of 1918===

The war entered a critical period in the spring of 1918. With the withdrawal of Russia from the war, German commanders were free to transfer large numbers of troops to the west to battle the Allies there. With German forces from the east moving to the west to confront Allied forces increasingly reinforced by American troops coming across the Atlantic, it was becoming clear that the final outcome of the war would be decided on the Western Front. It was for this reason single-handedly that the German spring offensive—Operation Michael—went ahead on March 21, 1918.

Before the spring offensive, a typical assault would involve a mass artillery barrage to soften up the enemy defences. Then, a mass charge would ensue. Most of these charges failed as men were mown down by fixed emplacements and machine-guns. At the Battle of the Somme in 1916 thousands of Allied soldiers charged to their deaths in a disastrous attempt to take land from the Germans.

However, Germany also suffered heavy losses, but learned from it. The innovative general, Oskar von Hutier, introduced new tactics on the western front, intended to seize the trenches and destroy the enemy right within them. The Allies referred to these as &quot;Hutier tactics&quot;. A typical &quot;Hutier&quot; assault would involve:

1: A brief artillery bombardment, using a mixture of fragmentary and poison gas shells.

2: A creeping barrage would then ensue, under which German shock troopers (Sturmbatallione) would infiltrate the Allied lines, attempting to capture or destroy important positions.

3: After the shock troopers had done their job, heavily armed army units would pierce through areas that the shock troopers had failed to capture.

4: Finally, regular infantry units would advance and mop up any remaining resistance.

The morning of March 21, 1918 marked the start of the German spring offensive (Kaiserschlacht). Under the command of Erich Ludendorff, the Germans bombarded the positions held by the British Fifth Army (Cmdr. Sir William Birdwood) with one million artillery shells in the space of just five hours. After the bombardment, swarms of shock troopers infiltrated the allied trenches, the German Army advancing rapidly toward Paris.

German success in the first few days of the offensive was unprecedented: by the end of the first day twenty-one-thousand British soldiers had surrendered and had been taken prisoner. The fifth army was ordered to retreat; rather ironically, the British gave up the Somme without any resistance.

The frontline had now moved to within one-hundred and twenty kilometres of Paris, the Germans, who had the biggest artillery guns in the world, were within shelling distance of Paris. Luderndorff seized this opportunity, and ordered three Krupp cannons to the frontline. One hundred and eighty three shells landed on Paris, thus causing many Parisians to flee the city. The initial stages of the offensive were so successful that Wilhelm II declared March 24 a national holiday. Many Germans thought victory to be tantalizingly close. However, there was a problem. The German shock troopers had sacrificed armament for mobility. Consequently, the troops on the frontline became short of vital supplies and munitions.

To make a particular distinction, troops from the German 18th army outshone all others. They advanced to the outskirts of Amies and threatened to capture the city. Ludendorff believed that the capture of Amies would deal a crushing blow to the allies. Amies was the major rail centre in the region and if it were to fall, it would indeed prove to be a disaster. As the 18th army advanced, the soldiers became extremely fatigued and hunger-struck—so much so that horses that should have been used on the forthcoming Amies assault were killed for their meat. The 18th army eventually decided to head for Amies via the town of Albert. The soldiers, when passing through Albert, noticed shops filled with a variety of foodstuffs. Their desperation was so great that mass-looting set in. The offensive effectively ended at Albert. Ludendorff had not planned for this, and did not know what to do next. Moreover, generals who were serving with Ludendorff began to notice that his mental health was causing alarm.

Although the Germans had conquered masses of land, they had lost too many men to make this a sustained offensive—between March and April 1918, casualties on the German side reached 270,000. Furthermore, as all of this was happening, American troops were moving into the front. 250,000 Americans had made it to western Europe by the end of March, but disputes arose over the command and deployment of these forces. American General John Pershing did not allow his troops dispersed as replacements to depleted French or British units, but rather desired to keep American units intact. However, these difficulties were finally settled at the Doullers conference at which Field Marshal Douglas Haig handed control of his forces over to Ferdinand Foch. Now a mass counter attack was possible, and it was just a matter of time before the Germans were defeated.

The last German offensive of the war was launched on July 15, 1918 (known collectively as the Second Battle of The Marne). It was a death throe from a dying nation. The newly arrived Americans refused to retreat, held their line, and made a strategically important stand on the left side of the field. This, in turn, stopped the Germans from advancing and a counter-attack was launched. The counter attack marked the first successful Allied offensive of the war. By July 20, 1918, the Germans were back where they started. (Before Kaiserschlacht). The war was all but over for Germany. For every shell that fell on the fifth army line on March 21, 1918, a German had fallen in the fields of France and Belgium during the Spring Offensive.

Meanwhile, Germany was crumbling internally as well. &quot;Anti-War&quot; marches were an all too frequent occurrence and morale within the army was at painfully low levels. Industrial output had fallen 53% from 1913. Soap, and other &quot;luxuries&quot; were scarce.

On August 8, 1918, the predicted counter-attack occurred. It involved 414 tanks, and 120,000 men. The allies easily defeated the already demoralized Germans. The allies had advanced twelve kilometres into German territory in just seven hours. Erich Ludendorff referred to this day as &quot;the blackest day for the German army in the history of the war&quot;.

===Allied victory===

However, after a few days the offensive had slowed down—the British had encountered problems with all but seven of their four hundred and fourteen tanks. On August 15, 1918, Haig called an end to the offensive and began to plan for an offensive in Albert. That offensive came on August 21. Some 130,000 American troops were involved, along with soldiers from British third and fourth armies. The offensive was an overwhelming success. The German second army had been pushed back over a fifty-five kilometre front. The town of Bapaume was captured on August 29 and by September 2, the Germans had been forced back to the Hindenburg Line.

The attempt to take the Hindenburg Line occurred on September 26 (known as the Meuse-Argone offensive): 260,000 American soldiers went &quot;over the top&quot; towards the Hindenburg Line. All divisions were successful in capturing their initial objectives, except the 79th division of the AEF. They met stiff resistance at Montfaucon and were unable to progress. This failure allowed the Germans to recover and regroup. Montfaucon was captured on September 27; however, failure to take it the day before proved to be one of the most costly mistakes of the entire campaign.

By the start of October it was evident that things were not going according to plan. Many tanks were once again breaking down, and those that were actually operable were rendered useless due to tank commanders finding the terrain impossible to navigate. Regardless of this, Ludendorff had decided by October 1 that Germany had two ways out—total annihilation or an armistice. He recommended the latter to senior figures at a summit in Spa, Belgium on that very same day. Pershing continued to pound the exhausted and bewildered Germans without relent for all of October along the Meuse-Argonne front. This would continue until the end of the war.

Meanwhile, news of Germany's impending defeat had spread throughout the German Armed forces. The threat of mutiny was rife. Naval commander Admiral Reinhardt and Ludendorff decided to launch a last ditch attempt to restore the &quot;valour&quot; of the German navy. He knew that any such action would be vetoed by the government of Max von Baden, so he made the decision not to inform him. Via word of mouth or otherwise, word of the impending assault reached sailors at Kiel. Many of the sailors took unofficial leave—refusing to be part of an offensive which they believed to be nothing more than a suicide bid. It was mostly Luderndorff who took the fall for this—the Kaiser dismissing him on October 26.

However, since the end of September 1918 Ludendorff had been concocting a plan of his own. Even although he was a traditionalist conservative, he decided to try and incite a political revolution by introducing new reforms that &quot;democratized&quot; Germany; also satisfying the monarchists as the Kaiser's reign would continue unabridged. He believed that democratization would show the German people that the government was prepared to change, thus reducing the chance of a socialist style revolt as was seen in Russia in 1917. However, it is the belief of some historians that by doing so Ludendorff had an ulterior motive. His reforms would hand more power over to the members of the Reichstag—particularly the ruling parties, at this time the centre party (under Matthias Erzberger), the liberals, and the social democrats. Therefore, with Luderndorff handing more power to these parties they would have the authority to request an armistice. With 5,989,758 Germans casualties (4,216,058 wounded, 1,773,700 killed), they did just that. Soon after that, Ludendorff had a dramatic change of heart—and began to claim that the very parties who he handed power to had lost Germany the war. These politicians had &quot;stabbed Germany in the back&quot;. Prince Max von Baden (SDP) was put in charge. Negotiations for a peace were immediately put into place on his appointment. Also, he was torn between the idea of a constitutional monarchy or complete abolition. However, the matter was taken out of his hands by Philipp Scheidemann, who on November 9, 1918, declared Germany a Republic from a balcony atop the Reichstag. Von Baden announced that the Kaiser was to abdicate—before the Kaiser had himself made up his mind. Imperial Germany had died, and a new Germany had been born: the Weimar Republic.

===End of the war===

Bulgaria was the first of the Central Powers to sign an armistice (September 29, 1918). Germany requested a cease-fire on October 3, 1918. When Wilhelm II ordered the German High Seas Fleet to sortie against the Allied navies, they mutinied in Wilhelmshaven starting October 29, 1918. On October 30 the Ottoman Empire capitulated. On November 3 Austria-Hungary sent a flag of truce to the Italian Commander to ask an Armistice and terms of peace. The terms having been arranged by telegraph with the Allied Authorities in Paris, were communicated to the Austrian Commander, and were accepted. The Armistice with Austria was granted to take effect at three o'clock on the afternoon of November 4. Austria and Hungary had signed separate armistices following the overthrow of the Habsburg monarchy.

Following the outbreak of the German Revolution, a Republic was proclaimed on November 9, marking the end of the German Empire. The Kaiser fled the next day to the Netherlands, which granted him political asylum. (See Weimar Republic for details.) On November 11 Germany signed in a railroad car at Compiègne, in France, an armistice with the Allies. The war was officially over.

For data on military and civilian deaths by nationality, see World War I casualties.


===Distinguishing features of the war===

The First World War was different from prior military conflicts: it was a meeting of 20th century technology with 19th century mentality and tactics. This time, millions of soldiers, both volunteers and conscripts fought on all sides with Kitchener's Army being a notable volunteer force.

Casualties were enormous, mostly because of the more efficient weapons (like artillery and machine guns) that were used in large quantities against old tactics.

Although the First World War led to the development of air forces, tanks, and new tactics (like the Rolling barrage and Crossfire), much of the action took place in the trenches (trench warfare), where hundreds died for each metre of land gained. The First World War also saw the use of chemical warfare and aerial bombardment, both of which had been outlawed under the 1907 Hague Convention. The effects of gas warfare were to prove long-lasting, both on the bodies of its victims (many of whom, having survived the war, continued to suffer in later life) and on the minds of a later generation of war leaders (Second World War) who, having seen the effects of gas warfare in the Great War, were reluctant to use it for fear that the enemy would retaliate and might have better weaponry.

===A deadly war===

Many of the deadliest battles in history occurred in this war. See Ypres, Vimy Ridge, Marne, Cambrai, Somme, Verdun, Gallipoli. See Wars of the 20th Century (http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/war-list.htm) for various totals given for the number that died in this war. For instance, is it proper to consider the Influenza pandemic (see below) as part of the overall death count for the war, given the important part the War played in its transmission?

===The Christmas Day Truce===

The Christmas Day Truce was a temporary truce on Christmas Day 1914, which, while of little importance to the war, raises various issues and was very important to those involved in the war.

===Aftermath===

The First World War ended with a Europe scarred by trenches, spent of resources, and littered with the bodies of the millions who died in battle. The direct consequences of WWI brought many old regimes crashing to the ground, and ultimately, would lead to the end of 300 years of European hegemony.

Though sometimes overshadowed by the even greater destruction wrought by World War II 20 years later, WWI is still in the eyes of many the most brutal war ever fought in human history. While WWII was a spiraling conflict of political ideology, evolving technology, and decisive military tactics, WWI is simply thought of as a meat grinder, where horrible numbers of lives were spent for the acquisition of the smallest amounts of land.

The great tragedy of World War I was both its seeming inevitability, yet total lack of necessity. For it was the direct consequence of the supposedly great nations of Europe, who should have realized, and some say that they did, what would be the cost of their policies. Unfortunately, none of the men involved found it in themselves to act, and the eventual cost in blood was something the world had never even imagined possible.
[edit]

The spread of war
[edit]

1914

    * July 28: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia.
    * August 1: Germany declares war on Russia.
    * August 2: German troops occupy Luxembourg
    * August 3: Germany declares war on France
    * August 4: Germany invades neutral Belgium; the United Kingdom declares war on Germany in response.
    * August 10: Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia.
    * August 12: The United Kingdom and France declare war on Austria-Hungary.
    * August 14: Austrian and Serbian forces meet at Cer
    * August 19: Austrian forces defeated by Serbians at Cer
    * August 20: German forces occupy Brussels
    * August 23: Japan declares war on Germany
    * September: Unity Pact signed by France, Britain, and Russia
    * October 9: Siege of Antwerp — Antwerp, Belgium falls to German troops.
    * October 29: The Ottoman Empire enters the war on the side of Germany and Austria-Hungary.
    * November 2: Russia declares war on Turkey.
    * November 5: France and United Kingdom declare war on Turkey.

[edit]

1915

    * April 24: The events commonly referred to as the Armenian Genocide begin in the Ottoman Empire
    * April 25: Gallipoli campaign commences
    * April 26: Italy secretly signs the London Pact with the Triple Entente
    * May 23: Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary
    * October 14: Bulgaria declares war on Serbia and enters the war on the side of Germany and Austria-Hungary; The kingdom of Serbia is conquered after 15 months

[edit]

1916

    * March 9: Germany declares war on Portugal (see Portugal in the Great War)
    * August 27: Romania declares war on Austria-Hungary
    * August 28: Italy declares war on Germany
    * September 15: Battle of the Somme — two men die for every centimetre of land captured

[edit]

1917

    * February 24: United States ambassador to the United Kingdom Walter H. Page is given the Zimmermann Telegram, in which the German Empire offers to give the American Southwest back to Mexico if Mexico declares war on the United States
    * April 6: The United States declares war on Germany.
    * June 27: Greece enters the war on the side of the Allies.
    * August 14: The Republic of China declares war on Germany.
    * October 26: Brazil declares war on Germany.
    * December 7: United States declares war on Austria-Hungary.

[edit]

1918

    * November 11: Armistice signed, end of World War I.

[edit]

Casualties


Country       	    Casualties 	    Dead 	    Wounded
Russia 	6,650,000 	    1,700,000 	4,950,000
Germany 	5,989,758 	1,773,700 	4,216,058
France 	5,623,800 	1,357,800 	4,266,000
Austria-Hungary 	4,820,000 	1,200,000 	3,620,000
British Empire* 	2,998,583 	908,371 	2,090,212
Italy 	1,597,000 	650,000 	947,000
Turkey 	725,000 	325,000 	400,000
Romania 	455,706 	335,706 	120,000
United States 	360,300 	126,000 	234,300
Bulgaria 	239,890 	87,500 	152,390
Canada* 	239,605 	66,655 	172,950
Australia* 	218,501 	59,330 	159,171
Serbia 	1,178,148 	450,000 	728,148
Montenegro 	60,000 	50,000 	10,000
Belgium 	58,402 	13,716 	44,686
Greece 	26,000 	5,000 	21,000
Portugal 	20,973 	7,222 	13,751
Japan 	1,207 	300 	907

*British Empire includes the Canadian and Australian casualities.
[edit]

Links and references
[edit]

Resources

For more details on the subject, consult these histories:

    * Hew Strachan ed.: &quot;The Oxford Illustrated History of the First World War&quot; is a collection of chapters from various scholars that survey the War.
    * Barbara Tuchman: The Guns of August tells of the opening diplomatic and military manoeuvres.

The first major television documentary on the history of the war was the BBC's The Great War (1964), made in association with the CBC, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and The Imperial War Museum. The series consists of 26 forty-minute episodes featuring extensive use of archive footage gathered from around the world and eyewitness interviews. Although some of the programme's conclusions have been disputed by historians it still makes compelling and often moving viewing.
[edit]

See also

    * Aircraft of World War I
    * List of people associated with World War I
    * Literature of World War I
    * World War
    * Gott strafe England
    * List of battles 1901-forward
    * List of Allies and Central Powers
    * Female roles in the world wars
    * Portugal in the Great War
    * War Department Light Railways
    * Trench warfare

[edit]

External links
	

Wikisource has original text related to World War I.

    * First World War.com (http://www.firstworldwar.com/) &quot;A multimedia history of World War One&quot;
    * The war to end all wars on BBC site (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1998/10/98/world_war_i/198172.stm)
    * &quot;Heritage of the Great War&quot; on geocities.com (http://www.geocities.com/~worldwar1/default.html)
    * The British Army in the Great War (http://www.1914-1918.net/)
    * World War I, Wars And Battles (http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/W/WW1.html)
    * World War I rap, by Jonathan Pagel (http://www.pagel.clara.co.uk/rr/audio/ww1.ram)
    * Encyclopaedia of the First World War (http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWW.htm)
    * A &quot;Revisionist Historian's&quot; Account of the Cause of World War I (http://www.threeworldwars.com/world-war-1/ww1.htm)
    * Trenches on the Web (http://www.worldwar1.com/)
    * Online World War I Records &amp; Indexes (http://www.militaryindexes.com/worldwarone/)

    * World War I Document Archive (http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/)
    * Pre-war German Army (http://users.hunterlink.net.au/~maampo/militaer/milindex.html)


Retrieved from &quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I&quot;

[[Category:Wars]]
[[Category:History]]
[[Category:First Great War]]</text>
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    <title>User talk:BoArthur</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Zahir</username>
        <id>35</id>
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      <comment>/* Space voyage 2245 space suit */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{boartarch}}&lt;br&gt;
2/05 - 5/05 || 5/05 - 12/05 || 1/06 - 6/06 || 7/06 - 12/08

==Rail==

Indeed! Remember - lines are more important than rollingstock here, perhaps more so. There are a number of High-Speed Lines - the LCR has one between Swindon right across the Pont Hafren to Castreleon, I think, as well as the GNR from Peterborough to Doncaster, the NER north of York all the way to Middlesburgh, the FBK from Merddlan to the outskirts of Edinburgh and LNWR from Watford to Coventry. As for Rollingstock, that would be something like the APT.

== Days and Months ==

Good boy, I see you've learned your lesson quickly! :) Yours, &amp;mdash;[[User:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:IJzeren Jan|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;Uszkiełtu?&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 15:44, 27 January 2009 (UTC)
:It helps to have good teachers. [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 15:44, 27 January 2009 (UTC)

== Brittany ==
Dunno, extend his mandate permanently ? --[[User:Marc pasquin|Marc Pasquin]] 18:41, 1 March 2009 (UTC)

==Space voyage 2245 space suit==
like the design but if I could make a suggestion, the crimson band of the command staff is hard to tell apart from the spacemen's one. Maybe you could make it golden ?--[[User:Marc pasquin|Marc Pasquin]] 16:47, 27 July 2009 (UTC)
:That's a good point.  I'll do that.  Thanks! [[User:BoArthur|BoArthur]] 17:26, 27 July 2009 (UTC)

===Eldren===
Sorry to be so slow getting back to you.  My internet was just restored moments ago (huzzah!).  Honestly, I was imagining that the Eldren were vaguely humanoid (because SV races tend to be) but also fundamentally different in social norms and outlooks -- like the Martians in ''Stranger in a Strange Land'' or the Vorlons of B5, or the lost Krell of ''Fantastic Planet.''  Hope that helps.  [[User:Zahir|Zahir]] 15:59, 25 September 2009 (UTC)

For what it is worth, I would ''suggest'' that the &quot;Ancients&quot; are what the Eldren have ''become'' rather than what they originally were.  One wonders just how much of their tremendous storehouses of knowledge do the &quot;Ancients&quot; actually understand?  Rather like the galactic Civilization in David Brin's Uplift Series.  [[User:Zahir|Zahir]] 20:32, 25 September 2009 (UTC)

===Radu===
Please feel free to use him to your heart's content.  Merry Xmas!  [[User:Zahir|Zahir]] 06:47, 19 December 2009 (UTC)</text>
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    <title>Florida War</title>
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      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">&lt;table border=1 width=250px align=right&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=2&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;font size=4&gt;Wars of Ill Bethisad&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=2&gt;&lt;div align=center&gt;[[Image:war_logo2.gif|250px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Name(s):&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Florida War&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Start of hostilities:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;2004&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;End of hostilities:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;2005&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Winning side:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Losing side:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[Image:Nal.gif|125px]]&lt;br&gt;[[NAL-SLC]]&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[Image:Flag florida.jpg|125px]]&lt;br&gt;[[Florida-Caribbea]]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[Image:Srflag.gif|125px]]&lt;br&gt;[[Scandinavian Realm]]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[Image:Fk-ke.gif|125px]]&lt;br&gt;[[Federated Kingdoms]]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[Image:Ie sunburst med.png|125px]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ireland]]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[Image:Latvia flag.gif|125px]]&lt;br&gt;[[Latvia]]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[Image:Rtc flag.gif|125px]]&lt;br&gt;[[Republic of the Two Crowns]]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[Image:Danzig flag.gif|125px]]&lt;br&gt;[[Danzig]]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Major consequences:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Break up of [[Florida-Caribbea]], occupation by [[South Florida]]. /td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The 2004 War, also known as the Florida War, pitted a regional power, [[Florida-Caribbea]] and its bid for national integrity and international respect against the great powers of the world: the [[Commonwealth of Nations]], and the [[Scandinavian Realm]]. Of short duration, the war itself was a long time in the making and even now (mid 2007), the reprecussions are still very much a part of daily life for the inhabitants of the shattered country.

&lt;b&gt;Since a lot of what I'm about to write comes from a closed High Court proceeding (March and April 2005) and the closed Senate Hearings (June through Sept 2005) in which Mr Bush recounted the whole history, a lot of it will probably come as a bit of a shocker. Since Mr Bush ìs and always has been an American citizen, once he was returned to the NAL in late Februrary of 2005 (after some months of hiding in Florida and having turned himself in to Oregonian officials), a more or less pro forma suit was made out against him (NAL-SLC v. Bush). However, since his actions were commited as a foreign head of state, he could not be found guilty of violating and American laws. The long and short of it is that all of this is due to hit the news stands in a fortnight or so anyway, so why not pull a Drudge and preempt myself? ;) Mr Bush's comments / responses are in &lt;i&gt;italics&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/b&gt;
----
The Florida War took place in March, 2004.  The immediate cause was the declaration of independence by the [[Cruzan Islands]], but it is really much more complicated.

&lt;i&gt;It was a very complicated matter indeed. On the one hand, traitorous elements within the Cruzadoe province were become more vocal and active: they wanted to stir up a revolt against the Floridian nation and we could not allow them to divide us in that way. The old purchase-governors of the Cruzadoes had been very lax in their governance and seem to have arrived at an &quot;arrangement&quot; of sorts with foreign powers who would invade and impose their will on the Caribbean state. Our administration instituted certain provincial reforms designed to put an end to this kind of involvement in Floridian affairs by foreign imperial powers. Certain traitors in the Cruzadoes saw this as the central government imposing its will on the locality, but they were very wrong.&lt;/i&gt;


The islands had long been an unhappy conquest of [[Florida-Caribbea]], and a source of friction between FC and the [[Scandinavian Realm]].  

&lt;i&gt;Of course, this sort of statement has long been bandied about in the foreign press. Nothing could be further from the truth. The Caribbean nation was a free nation: free to determine its own will among the brotherhood of nations, without the interference of foreigners and imperialists who would make us into colonies.&lt;/i&gt;


On the 30th of July, 2003, as part of Jaime [[Bush]]'s Caribbean Plan, an FC-SR [[The Condominium|condominium]] status for the Cruzans was approved in a referendum.

&lt;i&gt;It was rapidly becomming clear that the Cruzadoes wouldn't quell their revolutionaries, and the Plan was devised in order to both maintain the integrity of our national borders and the authority of our national government as well as work with the Scandinavians -- the former imperial overlords of the Cruzadoes -- in a common effort towards resolving the issues in that rebellious province.&lt;/i&gt;


However, a constitutional crisis then arose shortly afterwards. In the Cruzan Constitution, any changes of sovereignty must be approved in a referendum with a 75% yes vote and with more than 50% voter-turnout. While the voter turn-out was indeed way above 50%, the approval of the Caribbean Plan was just barely 53%. The question was whether the referendum was about a change in sovereignty. The Cruzan High Court resolved this when they ruled on the 12th of June, 2003, that the referendum was not about sovereignty issues. But rumours of corrupt High Court judges and payola stifled the credibility of this ruling for months to come.

&lt;i&gt;Once again, the traitors in the Cruzadoes were resolved to destroy the province. It was well known even at the time that certain key members of the provincial government were traitors. It was also becomming clearer that the Cruzado press was acting more like our enemies' fifth column rather than supporting patriotic ideals and national unity in the face of foreign influence. ...

There were never any questions or doubts about the nature of the Plan and the Cruzadoe Islands part in it. The national integrity of the Caribbean nation was maintained intact and unviolated from before the Caribbean Plan, through the process of implementation and into the post-implementation time. There was never any change in sovereignty in any portion of the nation: this was explained well in advance of the referendum. Our administration instituted many reforms in the provinces, one of which was a more liberal allowance for local autonomy and elections schemes. Looking back, it may well be that the Cruzadoes were under the mistaken impression that local elections were the equivalent of independent action. We misunderestimated their ability to engage in democracy, and the results proved disasterous.&lt;/i&gt;


In September, 2003, the Cruzan Parliament passed a law, the Homesteading Plan, which allowed the Cruzan government the right of first purchase whenever an estate was for sale. Estates purchased by the Cruzan government were then to be divided into smaller portions, which were then to be sold as homesteads, where native Cruzado citizens have the right of first purchase, other Scandinavians second, and other Antilleanos third.

&lt;i&gt;Yes, this was in clear violation of Floridian anti-discrimination laws. Once it became clear that the province was not going to back away from its illegal position, it became a de facto state of rebellion and certain aspects of martial law were enacted. Rather than submit to the decisions of the nation's High Court, the province continued on the road to full revolt.&lt;/i&gt;


In the following months, Cruzans started to discriminate against Hispanics residing in the islands in what seemed to be a deliberate attempt to force them to sell their properties. Hispanic owned shops were boycotted, and violence towards Hispanics increased as well. Hispanic residents began to pack up and leave.

&lt;i&gt;This is another example of understatement in the foreign press. The Hispanics did not merely &quot;pack up and leave&quot; -- they were forced to leave by the actions of violent gangs of foreign backed rebels and local statutes compelled them to either sell their property at a pittance or else be forced to abandon them to the local government, who would then sell to local Nordes (at a tidy profit to the by now totally corrupt provincial government).&lt;/i&gt;


On the 5th of February, 2004, Cruzan Television broadcast a documentary, which claimed that two of the three Cruzan High Court judges were paid by Floridian Vice President Simon Eugenio Higgins-Calvo to rule in favor of the Floridian plan. The Cruzans were outraged. But so was Miami, claiming that the allegations were completely false. 

&lt;i&gt;The &quot;documentary&quot; in question was produced in the [[Pepper Coast]]: this was a clear example of interference by the Scandinavian Realm, our hitherto ally, and was in fact chock full of lies and half truths. The judges of the local Cruzado courts -- I should note that the provinces do not have &quot;high courts&quot;, the only High Court was at La Habana -- were all duly elected or appointed officials, not int he pay of the Vice President.&lt;/i&gt;


Alleging that the Cruzan Islanders were ethnically cleansing the islands against Hispanic residents, [[Bush]] sent in a contingent of the Guardia Nacional.  The Cruzan Islanders objected to the troops, objecting to the claims of ethnic cleansing, insisting that the emmigration of Hispanics was entirely voluntary.

&lt;i&gt;Had the Cruzadoes not been in violation of national Law regarding both the civil rights of all Caribbeans and the rebellious nature of their actions, the Guardia Civil would never have been called into action. Had the Cruzadoes not instigated the treacheries of 2003, all would have been well. We know that the whole world was against us. We receive broadcasts from television stations in other countries and our press was free: we knew full well that the Scandinavians and Americans our chief enemies and that they were agitating for a war in order to sieze their liberated colonies. Had the Cruzadoes not engaged in ethnic cleansing, and even some genocide near the end, there would have been no need at all to treat them like the rebellious and traitorous scoundrels they proved themselves to be.&lt;/i&gt;


On February 20, the Cruzan Islanders called for a new referendum on full sovreignty to be held on the 29th.  

&lt;i&gt;This action was illegal and could be considered nothing short of a declaration of war against the Republic.&lt;/i&gt;


FC sent in more troops to &quot;restore order&quot;.  

&lt;i&gt;It was our duty to restore order to any region in a state of rebellion against the sovereign integrity of the nation. How they could have sanely expected any other response defies reason.&lt;/i&gt;


A formal declaration of independance was made on March 12. Florida could not accept this declaration. 

&lt;i&gt;Would the Scandinavian Realm accept a similar declaration from the city of Upsala? Would England accept a similar declaration from Yorkshire? Of course not! It was a ridiculous and scandalous action on their part, and they sealed their fate. From this point, there was NO returning to any former state of peace with the province! They chose civil war, and in the end they reaped their just rewards!&lt;/i&gt;


They arrested several Cruzan personalities and executed them, including Alonso Rivera, former Floridian governor of the Cruzans and Nobel Peace Price candidate. Fighting then broke out between Floridian and Cruzan troops.

&lt;i&gt;There were &lt;b&gt;NO&lt;/b&gt; &quot;Cruzan troops&quot;! Only Floridian troops in open revolt! The Cruzadoes engaged in a unilaterally declared civil war. The fault lies absolutely with the traitors that made up the provincial government and press who egged the lot of em on!&lt;/i&gt;


On the 13th, in response to Floridian aggression against the Cruzan Islanders, the SR declared war on FC.  

&lt;i&gt;Scoundrels and bounders! Our so-called allies, in stead of stepping in to engage in the mutual defense of the region, turned on us and began to wage war on Caribbea! We expected little more from imperialists -- though we had hoped for much more.&lt;/i&gt;

The [[Commonwealth of Nations]] (represented by the [[Federated Kingdoms]] and the [[NAL-SLC| NAL]]) and [[Ireland]] soon joined the SR's call for a Grand Coalition against FC. During the course of the war, the Coalition would be joined by the [[Republic of the Two Crowns]], [[Danzig]] (both March 22) and [[Latvia]] (March 24) as well. One of the first moves by the coalition was made by the Commonwealth's navy, which quickly liberated the Bahamas and a few other islands that were formerly part of the FK or the NAL. The Bahamas quickly became the base of operations for the coalition.

&lt;i&gt;What started out as a purely internal Floridian affair was quickly trumped up in the world press. War of liberation indeed! How can it be that foreign imperialists are the &quot;liberators&quot; of an already free and integral nation?&lt;/i&gt;


While the coalition was gathering, unbeknownst to the world, a coup d'etat was taking place in Florida. On March 18, Jaime [[Bush]] was overthrown as President by General Silva-Gonzalez. He offered to return all condominium territories to their original preconquest status. But the next day, he detonated an atomic bomb in Charlotte Amalie, the capital of the Cruzan Islands.

&lt;i&gt;Silva the Nadder! A man without any shred of honour, a man who cared more for his own estates and bank accounts than for the welbeing of Florida! A man who would sell his own mother for sixpence -- and did worse in selling himself to the NAL in order to be rid of proven progress in the Caribbean! Yes -- I know that news of the Conservative Party's part in the downfall of Florida has not yet reached the press, but know ye all this: you can't sit there in judgement of me, Senator (censored)! I know it was you and you, Pennsylvaania and Virginia, and who knows what others -- that slick tongued nadder you groomed for your dirty work told me you'd paid him in Scandinavian gold to stage a coup, backed by Scandinavian military hardware. Oh yes, he thought he had slain me, which is why he became smug. He didn't know about my body doubles. I know that some day this will all out and you and your Scandinavian cronies will all come tumbling down. It will serve every one of you right for your crimes in Florida!&lt;/i&gt;


&lt;b&gt;Mr Bush, having been removed from power, is naturally guiltless in the actions of his &quot;successor&quot;; but he still had valuable insight and commentary on the last days of his great experiment.&lt;/b&gt;


On the 23rd, the [[NAL-SLC| NAL]] invaded northern Florida, while the SR and the FK invaded in the South. Irish and SR troops also liberated the Cruzans. In Florida, SR forces went completely berserk and fought with frenzied rage after hearing that their West Indian capital had been completely destroyed by the atom bomb. Almost all of the Floridian penninsula was secured by the 24th. Only a small and isolated resistance was still holding out in the inland swamps, but mopping-up operations neutralized this resistance within a few days. In a last-ditch effort by FC diehards against the coalition, a second atomic bomb was exploded aboard a small boat in the Gulf of Mexico causing radioactive contamination of the entire lower Mississippi Basin, including much of what is now [[East Florida]].

&lt;i&gt;That fool! There's no sin in saying now that the bombs were for Philadelphia and Gotborg. The two bombs anyone knew about, anyway. Insurance policies, you see: you attack us and we will strike back!&lt;/i&gt;


Many SR troops could not control their rage, and let out on Florida's cultural treasures, destroying several monuments, burning museums, desacrating graves, and confiscated Florida's gold and silver reserves. The SR promptly received international condemnation for their excessively harsh treatment of Florida, but were allowed to keep the gold and silver reserves and other spoils to pay for the destruction of Charlotte Amalie. Silva-Gonzales and his cronies were also arrested by SR troops, and shipped to Gjebaland where they were tried for war crimes and have hence been exiled to Antarctica.

&lt;i&gt;They were brutes and animals. I witnessed their atrocities and spoke with their victims. Everyone knows about the gold reserves and the statues. The world has quite forgotten the rape and murder victims! I can offer directions to mass graves near the swamps of northern East Florida, where I had wandered before surrendering to the Oregonian peace corps. If anyone deserves to rot in Antarctica, it's Archqueen Magrat and her bestial generals! Mark my words: one day Florida shall rise up and seek justice on the Nordes!&lt;/i&gt;


After the war was over, the SR handed their occupation zone to the [[Republic of the Two Crowns]] on March 26. However, the transfer was followed by a diplomatic incident between the RTC and the SR. The commander-in-chief of the Republic's occupying forces, general Marek Aldendorf, organised a huge parade for himself in Miami and depicted himself as the true liberator of Florida. This and Aldendorf's autocratic behaviour enraged foreign minister Bernstorff of the SR to such a degree, that the friendly relations between the two countries were seriously jeopardised. The conflict was settled with the dismissal of both men on March 30.

&lt;i&gt;I have heard that this action was almost as criminal as the rape of our nation. I sometimes get to see a newspaper: I've read about the &quot;relocation camps&quot; and the &quot;transfer camps&quot; and &quot;furacano relief camps&quot; and even the refugee camps. Imagine! One day we are a sovereign nation peacefully going about our business and living with a decent status of living and another day, we're a nation of campers!&lt;/i&gt;


The entire south of Florida proper is currently known as the ''European Occupation Zone''. Apart from the RTC's occupation zone, [[Ireland]] also has a share of Florida. It is unknown what will happen to it in the near future; although the Scandinavian suggestion of a returning it to [[Castile and Leon|Castille-Leon]] was not met with much enthusiasm, this option hasn't been ruled out completely. The American Occupation Zone has been welcomed back to the NAL as [[East Florida|East]] and [[West Florida]].  The European Occupation Zone is still in limbo, hard hit by the furacanos of last year.

&lt;i&gt;Oh, yes! The imperialists have had their say! The time is comming when they will earn their just reward for destroying a peaceful and prosperous nation through illegal and immoral warfare!&lt;/i&gt;


Cuba and Porto Rico have been restored as nations, while the rest of the Caribbean has been returned to its original, pre-conquest, status.

&lt;i&gt;Farewell to ye o Cuba and Porto Rico! It seems you have escaped the ravages of Nordic racism and fanaticism and their desire to wantonly destroy!&lt;/i&gt;
----
On 4 September, 2004, noted American political commentator Trish Dunn (ABC, Philadelphia Post, Star of Georgetown, et al) offered some of her thoughts on the recent war in a television panel programme...

&lt;b&gt;Chris Johnson (Herald of New Amsterdam, CBS radio) said: &quot;Not just that: we would also have to deal with a mentally sick population.&quot;&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;i&gt;Trish Dunn responded: &quot;Now, that's a little over the top! In the last year (2003), the Floridians have fallen from the country's high point in history (with a rather reform minded President looking to take Florida into the 21st century and make it a nation to be respected for its national virtues and energy rather than its past military dictators' abuses of power) to the ravages of outside threats of war from the Scandinavian Realm, civil war in the Cruzados, military coup, abuses by those coup leaders leading up to needless atomic warfare, a war of overbearing invasionary force, and total destruction and desecration of fully one third of the land (and the most populous region of the country at that!); then subsequent partition by the victors where each segment of the country clearly receives a different quality of treatment, and to add salt to the wound, several major storm systems have ravaged what little was left over and there were no national reserves and services with which to rebuild.&lt;/i&gt;

&lt;i&gt;&quot;And you tell me these people are &quot;mentally sick&quot;? Please! &quot;Mentally sick&quot; is taking out one's revenge for the destruction of one city on the innocents of another. &quot;Mentally sick&quot; is ravaging and raping the land during war and then leaving the ruins in the hands of colonial incompetents (pace RTC!).&lt;/i&gt;

&lt;i&gt;&quot;Kindly note that there is &lt;b&gt;NO&lt;/b&gt; anti-Irish hatred in the Irish Occupation Zone. &lt;b&gt;NO&lt;/b&gt; anti-American hatred in the American Occupation Zone. And really no anti-RTC hatred, just plenty of exasperation and dissilusion. There is, however, &lt;b&gt;much&lt;/b&gt; anti-Scandinavian resentment and hatred; and I can't imagine this emotion will dissipate in the near future.&quot;&lt;/i&gt;
----
[[Tobago]], in the distant past a colony of Courland, has been claimed by [[Latvia]]; a pro-Latvian coup d'état on March 31 was followed by the proclamation of the ''Union of Latvia and Tobago'' on the same day.

&lt;b&gt;Latvia's illegal occupation of Tobago was eventually and effectively dealt with by England. Latvia ignored the diplomatic channels, but the invaders weren't able to resist against irate natives and understandably upset Commonwealth armed forces in the region. More to come...&lt;/b&gt;

[[Hayti]] is still indecisive, having been declared the [[Empire of Saint-Domingue]] but still occupied largely by [[New Francy|Nouvelle Francie]], [[Louisianne]] and [[France]].

&lt;b&gt;One wonders if Hayti wouldn't have been better off if it had not been aggrandised into its present shape? Before their liberation by Florida-Caribbea, they were doing pretty well without the baggage of Santo Domingo attached!&lt;/b&gt;

[[Category:Wars]]
[[Category:History]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>IB Languages</title>
    <id>958</id>
    <revision>
      <id>60277</id>
      <timestamp>2009-07-04T13:57:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Geoff</username>
        <id>193</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>sogdo</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">&lt;h1&gt;Languages and linguistics of Ill Bethisad&lt;/h1&gt;

== By Family ==
=== [[Indo-European]] Family ===
| [[Romance Languages|Romance]] | [[Germanic Languages|Germanic]] | [[Slavic Languages|Slavic]] | [[Celtic Languages|Celtic]] | [[Anatolian Languages|Anatolian]] | [[Indo-Iranian Languages|Indo-Iranian]] | [[Hellenic Languages|Greek]] | [[Baltic Langauges|Baltic]] |  [[Albanian]] | [[Armenian]] | [[Phyrgian]] |  [[Thracian]] |  Dacian

=== Altaic Family ===
| [[Turkic]] | [[Tungusic]] | [[Mongolic]] |

=== Uralic Family ===

| [[Uralic]] |

=== Dravidian Family ===

===  Sino-Tibetan Family ===
| [[Sino-Tibetan Langauges|Sino-Tibetan]] |

=== Nissen Family ===
| [[Nissen Languages|Nissen]] |

== By Name ==
*[[Arvorec]] - The only surviving Continental Celtic language, spoken principally in [[Armorica|the Armorican Isles]]
*[[Athonite]] - Greek dialect spoken in the [[Monastic Republic]]; has some Turkish influence.
*[[Biloxien]] Creole of [[Louisianne|Louisianne's]] colony cities Biloxi-et-Mobile
*[[Breathanach]] - Minority language spoken in SW [[Scotland]] and Ulster
*[[Brithenig]] - Language of [[Kemr]]
*[[Cana]] - Cana-based orthographies of languages other than [[Japanese]]
*[[Castilian]] ''(Castellano)'' - Language of [[Castile and Leon]] and a huge number of other states
*[[Cilicia]]n - An Armenian language with influence from Greek and Old French
*Corean
**[[Corean Romanization]]
*[[Costanice]] - Hellenic language of [[Nea Illenicia]].
*[[Cruzan]] - Language of the [[Scandinavian Realm|SR's]] Guinea West Indian countries
*[[Dalmatian]] - Latin Language of Dalmatia
*[[Elbic]] - Romance language of the [[Elba|Principality of Elba]].
*[[Emisc]] - Germanic language of Emsland, [[Hannover]].
*[[Føtisk]] - Germanic language spoken in [[Schleswig-Holstein]]
*[[Hellenic Languages]] - The language of the Greek people. Fusion languages include Constantine and Yevanic. 
*[[Italian]] - Romance language, composite of various languages of [[Italy]] and official language thereof.
*[[Japanese]] is a little different *there* than *here*
**[[Nations In Japanese]] - Names of selected nations in IB-Japanese
*[[Jovian]] - Language of the High Kingdom of [[Jervaine]]
*[[Judajca]] - Language of [[Judea]]
*[[Kerno]] - Language of [[Dumnonia]]
*[[Ladino]] - Language of [[Mueva Sefarad]]
*[[Lessinu]] - Language of [[Lessinischland| Läßinischland]]
**[[Lessinu Reformed Orthography]]
*[[Lithuanian]]
**[[Reformed Lithuanian]]
*[[Madzhi]] - [[Uralic]] language spoken in [[North America]]
*[[Meiji-go]] - Japanese-lexified creole of [[Meidji-do| Meidji-dò]]
*[[Montreiano]] - [[Ibero-Romance]] language of [[Montrei]]
*[[Bohemian|P&amp;eacute;mi&amp;#353;]]
*[[Riksmål]] - Language of the [[Scandinavian Realm]]
**[[Rigsmaal Patronymics]]
*The [[Romance languages|Romance language family]] is greater than *here*
*[[Seimi]] - language of the [[Shetlands]]
*[[Slezan]] - Language of Silesia ([[Bohemia|Bohemian Kingdom]])
*[[{{SLVL}}]]/Slevan - Language of [[Slevania]]
*[[Sogdo]] - Syriac-descended script used in [[Central Asia]]
*[[Tocharstan|Tocharian]] is still pretty much alive in IB.
*Turkic languages of [[Central Asia]] are a little different in IB; mostly just much less Russified
**[[List of Nations in Turkic Language]] - Usual names of selected nations in [[Turkestan|Turkestani]] Turkic languages
*[[Turkish]] - of [[Turkey]]
*[[Vissi]] - Gothic Descended language of the [[Azores]]
*[[Vozgian]] - Language of the [[Vozgian Republic]]
*[[Wenedyk]] - Language of the [[Republic of the Two Crowns|RTC]]
*[[Wessish]] - Deceased Language of the Isle of [[Wight]]
*[[Xliponian]] - Language of [[Xliponia]]

==Linguistic map of Europe==

[[Image:EurolinguaSM.jpg]]

This map represents the distributions of Indo-European descendent languages.  Areas that share two colors are regions where languages and language groups intermingle.

[[Category:Language| ]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vozgian</title>
    <id>959</id>
    <revision>
      <id>56276</id>
      <timestamp>2009-01-11T10:14:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[North Slavic languages|North-Slavic language]], spoken in the [[Vozgian Republic]]. It was created by [[IJzeren Jan|Jan van Steenbergen]].

More about it can be found here: http://steen.free.fr/vozgian/index.html

{{Balto-Slavic}}
[[Category:Slavic Languages]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vozgian Republic</title>
    <id>960</id>
    <revision>
      <id>18850</id>
      <timestamp>2005-11-12T19:23:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>map</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=&amp;#1056;&amp;#1077;&amp;#1089;&amp;#1087;&amp;#1091;&amp;#1073;&amp;#1083;&amp;#1110;&amp;#1082;&amp;#1072; &amp;#1042;&amp;#1118;&amp;#1086;&amp;#1079;&amp;#1075;&amp;#1072;&amp;#1096;&amp;#1093;&amp;#1072; (&amp;#1042;&amp;#1118;&amp;#1086;&amp;#1079;&amp;#1075;&amp;#1072;&amp;#1096;&amp;#1090;&amp;#1110;&amp;#1085;&amp;#1072;)&lt;br&gt;Respublika Vuozgašcha (Vuozgaština)&lt;br&gt;Vozgian Republic (Vozgia)}}
{{image infobox|file=vozgian_flag.gif|caption=Flag of the {{PAGENAME}} }}
{{sub infobox|nation=[[Russian Federation]]}}
|-
|width=40% style=&quot;border-bottom:none;&quot;|'''Cities:'''
|width=60% style=&quot;border-bottom:none;&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
|width=40% style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:none;&quot; valign=top|&amp;nbsp;Capital:
|width=60% style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:none;&quot;|&amp;#1042;&amp;#1118;&amp;#1086;&amp;#1083;&amp;#1086;&amp;#1082;&amp;#1090;&amp;#1072; / Vuolokta (Russ. Vologda)
|-
|width=40% style=&quot;border-top:none;&quot; valign=top|&amp;nbsp;Other:
|width=60% style=&quot;border-top:none;&quot;|Kotlas, Korja&amp;#x17e;ma, Suovod&amp;#x161;chai, To&amp;#xfe;ema, Pervuor&amp;#x161;chai, Ü&amp;#xfe;uk Vilikai
{{lang2 infobox|official=[[Vozgian]], Russian|others=Komi}}
{{generic infobox|title=President|value=Aleksandr Skvertsov}}
{{generic infobox|title=Prime minister|value=...}}
{{area infobox|area=153,200 km²}}
{{population infobox|population=1,404,500|adjective=inhabitants}}
{{establishment infobox|year=1991|reason=}}
{{location infobox|file=Russia-vozgia.jpg|caption=Location of the {{PAGENAME}} in the Russian Federation}}
{{close infobox}}

The '''Vozgian Republic''' is one of the 29 constituent republics of the [[Russia|Russian Federation]], located between the [[RPN|Republic of Petrograd-Novgorod]], the [[Komi Republic]] and [[Muscovy]] on a territory roughly the same as Vologodskaya Oblast' *here*. It is inhabited primarily by Vozgians (ca. 40%), Russians (ca. 40%), and Komi (ca. 15%).

Like the [[Nassland|Nassians]] and the [[Skuodia|Skuodians]], the Vozgians speak a North-Slavic language, that during the centuries underwent heavy influence from neighbouring Uralic languages, especially Komi, and northern Russian dialects. Vozgian is written in Cyrillic script.

==Administration==
===Government===
DESCRIPTION ON HOW THE SUB-NATIONAL ENTITIY IS GOVERNED

===Administrative Divisions===
FURTHER ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS

==History==
HISTORY

==Geography==
===Borders===
The {{PAGENAME}} is limited by:
North: NORTHERN LIMIT.
West: WESTERN LIMIT.
South: SOUTHERN LIMIT.
East: EASTERN LIMIT.

==Economy==
ECONOMY OF THE SUB-NATIONAL ENTITY

==Culture==
CULTURE OF THE SUB-NATIONAL ENTITY

==Map==

http://steen.free.fr/ib/maps/vozgian_republic.png

{{Russian Federation}}

[[Category:Russian republic]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Slavic Languages</title>
    <id>961</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31901</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-01T01:51:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Slavic Languages in Ill Bethisad */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{Indo-European}}

== Slavic Languages in Ill Bethisad ==

Note that some of the more notable languages *here* are missing in IB ([[Polish]], Slovak), while IB features an entire family of North Slavic languages.

{{Balto-Slavic}}

== Slovene ==

*I'm almost sure there is no Slovene in IB.  At least politically it can't! (BPJ) 
*There is, linguistically. Politically, Croatian gov't calls it 'Old Croatian' (FGV)

[[Category:Slavic Languages]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>IJzeren Jan</title>
    <id>962</id>
    <revision>
      <id>12051</id>
      <timestamp>2005-02-07T10:21:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[User:IJzeren Jan]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Anti-Spam League</title>
    <id>963</id>
    <revision>
      <id>58990</id>
      <timestamp>2009-04-20T14:41:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Rosette.jpg|thumb|right|The Anti-Spam League Rosette.]]
An most holy order of members of [[The List|Lla Societad dill Bethisad]], recognized by their pink brocade upon the left shoulder of their Society Robes and red feather in their Tricorn Caps.  Membership costs an additional £1/-/- for the Rosette, and is a non-renewed fee.  One must also be a member of Lla Societad.

This group is charged with protection of [[Ill Bethisad]] from the vileness of the internet and those spammers who won't get a hint.

Fortunately, with the recent Move of the Wiki, the ASL is able to relax.  But, they remain prepared to take up their sacred duty, should it prove necessary again.

Membership includes (but isn't limited to):

* [[User:AndrewSmith|Andrew Smith]], The Mind of god, Epithetical Lasher and Wiper of Filth, ''Parain'' of Ivan Kuskov.
* [[User:IJzeren Jan|Jan van Steenbergen]], Regent of [[Ivan Kuskov]], Magistrate of Deletion, Arbiter of Sanitation, and protector of all that is Batavian.
* [[User:Boreanesia|Kristian Jensen]], Viking of the Northern Reach, Raja of Australesian Link Freedom, Pillager of Spam, Conquistador of Intruders and Longshipsman of Reversion.
* [[User:Nik|Nik Taylor]], Keeper of the Cleansing Wand and Holder of the Keys of Yakuza to be weilded against the unholy Spam Artists of the universe.
* [[User:BoArthur|Daniel Hicken]], Latinate Cleanser of Ibid, Stasher of the Knowledge and Keeper of the Sanity.
* [[User:Zahir|Dr. David Zahir]] Guard of the Gate, Pikeman of Help, Righter of Wrongs.
* [[User:Deiniol|Deiniol Jones]] Wielder of the Sword of Spam, the Helmet of Vikings, and Preparer of the Bernaise Offensive.

Honorary members include: 

*[[User:Marc pasquin|Marc Pasquin]], ''This Space For Rent!''
*[[User:Erskine|Erskine]], ''The Banisher''.
*Piedro Aillard

These will be granted some official capacity if they choose to be a member. There is the cost of an additional £1/-/- for the Anti-Spam rosette, however there is no addition to the yearly Lla Societad dill Bethisad fees.

[[Category:Operating Parameters]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>The List</title>
    <id>964</id>
    <revision>
      <id>57271</id>
      <timestamp>2009-02-16T17:59:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Benkarnell</username>
        <id>190</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''The List''' is the roll of all the Members of '''Lla Societad dill Bethisad'''. The definitive version resides [http://www.bethisad.com/list.htm here]. It describes who's who and who is in charge of what. Older Members tend to be those who had staked out a physical territory and/or a conlang. Many, especially newer Members find themselves in charge of concepts more than specific locations. Most older Members have also looked into concepts as well. I think this is starting to provide needed depth to the project. The project is no longer just a list of countries. We're starting to see what they're up to and what they're thinking and believing in as well. A very Good Thing indeed!

Even though a particular Member might have claimed an especial country, this does not mean that he &quot;owns&quot; it exclusively. Others may seek to contribute ideas or offer to collaborate. Still others may seek to work on a territory laid aside by an inactive or less active Member.

Much of IB is still unknown: there is still a lot of room, not so much for new countries as for the undiscovered landscapes of politics, art, culture and the like.

Ill Bethisad has been a going concern since November 1997 (when it was known as the Brithenig Project) and has accrued 75 Members. Of course, not everyone who started with us is still around -- people's interests wax and wane, while others have only stopped by for a quick cup o tea before moving on. [PB] - [[User:Elemtilas|Elemtilas]]

[[Image:The List.jpg|1000px|Location of members]]
----
[[Category:Operating Parameters]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vissi</title>
    <id>965</id>
    <revision>
      <id>52991</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-03T16:31:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>add cat.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{Germanic}}


The language of the Vissi people of the [[Azores]] islands has quite fortunately been preserved in a number of ancient texts, documenting the various forms.  While these do not answer the ultimate question of how a group of Goths became so estranged from their Eastern European cousins, it does show a clear linguistic connection.

==Genesis==

The Vissi language originally began as an Ostrogothic language, closely related to the Gothic spoken later by Bishop Ulfilas.  A great number of nautical and trade terms appear to be borrowed from Latin.  Some would argue that this is due to frequent trade by the Goths with the Roman Empire while in Europe.  Others, supporting the theory of Latin sailors bringing the Goths to the Azores, cite this as proof of their hypothesis.  At present, these theories can neither be proved nor disproved.

Because the Bible was translated into the Vissian tongue around 500 AD, a schism developed in the language, High Vissian (alt. Old Vissi) became the language of the clergy, and Low Vissian (New Vissi) became the language of the people.  Because of the interaction of the languages, the words used in the church's liturgy strengthened the liturgical sense of these words, while others quickly developed other meanings.

With the arrival of [[Portugal|Portuguese]] sailors in the 16th century, Vissi quickly became the substrate language in a Portuguese pidgin.  Also, with the sailors, the [[Arianism|Arian]] 'Heresy' was suppressed, and [[Catholicism]] was ensconced as the religion, and with it, High Vissian was forced out of existence.

With Catholicism being removed as the state religion in the early 1910's, the Arian beliefs returned to the fore and a resurgence of the use of High Vissian began.  This has re-introduced lexical terms that are now beginning to permeate the language, causing formerly related words to have completely different meanings within the lexicon.

==Present==

Vissian is the official language of the islands, and outside of the major cities, it is the primary language.  There are distinct regional dialects from island to island, however, they are all mutually intelligible.  In the major cities, there are distinct Portuguese neighborhoods, and the ''patois'' that developed between the Portuguese and the Vissians continues to this day, but is in decline, as the Portuguese youth are more frequently learning Vissi and their native portuguese.

The government of the Azores has implemented a strict schooling in Vissian until the 7th or 8th year of school, when Portuguese is allowed to be taught.  Exceptions have been won by ethnic-Portuguese, and their children are often taught in ''escola''.

==Sounds==

[[Category:Minority cultures]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Azores</title>
    <id>966</id>
    <revision>
      <id>45548</id>
      <timestamp>2007-05-29T03:01:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Modern History */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=A República Gotica Autônoma dos Açores (Portuguese)&lt;br&gt;The Autonomous Gothic Republic of the Azores (English)}}
{{image infobox|file=azores.jpg|caption=Flag of {{PAGENAME}} }}
{{sub infobox|nation=[[Portugal]]}}
{{cities infobox|capital=CAPITAL|largest=LARGEST CITY|other=IMPORTANT CITIES}}
{{lang2 infobox|official=Vissian|others=Portuguese}}
{{ruler infobox|title=GOVERNOR|name=NAME OF GOVERNOR}}
{{area infobox|area=AREA}}
{{population infobox|population=POPULATION|adjective=ADJECTIVE}}
{{establishment infobox|year=1970|reason=Autonomy Granted}}
{{close infobox}}

A chain of volcanic islands in the midst of the Atlantic Ocean, found first in pre-history by a large group of Goths, and later by the Portuguese.


==Administration==
===Government===
The Azores are an Autonomous Region within the Kingdom of Portugal.

===Administrative Divisions===
Each island within the chain has some level of autonomy, but there is a parliament with representatives from all the major communities that meets for two weeks yearly to govern the affairs of the islands.

==History==
&lt;i&gt;While the truth of the Gothic migration to the Azores is lost to history, leading historians feel that this is the best theory.&lt;/i&gt;

It is most probable that the Vissi people of the Azores trace their ancestry to the plains of polonia, the region that is now the [[Republic of the Two Crowns]].  After relocating from &lt;i&gt;Scandza&lt;/i&gt;, which some suggest as islands around modern Goteburg, and most anthropologists believe to be today's Scandinavia in general, the Goths settled in the fertile valleys of the Vistula drainage basin.  First disrupted by Roman advancement into Dacia and Boiohaemia, the western Goths relocated, only to be attacked from both sides as the Veneds and the Slavs fought for the plains.

The Goths, a hardy fighting folk were not quickly forced from their lands.  Village after village were destroyed until a leader, most likely a Gothic Bishop urged them to relocate south to live with their estranged cousins, the Ostrogothi.

The Vissi were not well received, and a scant ten years later they were forcibly evicted from the Black Sea's shore.  Some sought protection from ever-weakening Rome, but were put in death-camps, marched to death, and starved.  Ancient records of Constantinople suggest that there was a large navy assembled, which departed for unspecified locations.  Some would suggest this to be the Goths, however, the record is highly inconclusive, and this should be held as pure conjecture.

Philological study has lead to the belief that the Vissi employed Latin sailors due to the heavy borrowings from Latin related words which at first caused the Vissian language to be classified as a Romance tongue.  This could be seen as support of the Byzantine documents and the supposition that it was indeed the goths.

===Modern History===

It is known that for most of the history of these islands prior to the invasion of [[Portugal]] a Hegemony of Tribal Chieftans and the &lt;i&gt;Nautus&lt;/i&gt; (shipping guild) existed controlling daily life.   It is suspected by archaeologists and linguists that the &lt;i&gt;Nautus&lt;/i&gt; retained connections to the rest of the Roman Empire in trade, at least for a time, but otherwise remained shrouded in secrecy, as no written record of their existence has yet been uncovered, and scanty archaeological finds have been uncovered.

The islands were rediscovered in 1427 by Gonçalo Velho, and a gradual population of Portuguese traders built up over the following century, focusing mainly on the port-cities of the islands.

When the Portuguese arrived in the Azores many heavy battles ensued, during which the Vissi fought a desperate losing battle.  The tide turned in 1563 and 1564 when Sao Miguel blew his top merging two of the islands, and a treaty of conditional surrender was secured despite the Portuguese's imminent technological ability.

The Vissian religious rites very closely resemble ancient Arian Christianity.  An attempt was made initially to re-incorporate it into the rites accepted by the Holy See, but the points of doctrine could not be reconciled.  Thus followed a dark period from the time of subjection to the Portuguese until the late 1800's that the Holy See refused to recognize the rite and it was censured, driven underground, and was only re-instated at the turn of last century.  The Liturgy remains in High Vissian, adding an interesting lexical change to the language.  It is unclear how this form of christianity reached the Azores, since the original gothic settlers are believed to have arrived at a much earlier time.  The theory of continued contact for a time after settlement because of the &lt;i&gt;Nautus&lt;/i&gt; supports this possibility.

Provincial autonomy was granted by [[Portugal]] in 1970.

==Geography==
===Borders===
{{PAGENAME}} are found in the Atlantic Ocean due West of Portugal.

==Economy==
The local economy is largely driven by a very strong tourism industry.  Each island hosts many hotels, and there is a very strong push internationally for tourism.  The fishing trades are also very strong in the Azores, and it is from the Azores that much of [[Portugal]], Castile and Aragon are plied with Sardines.

Recently, deep-sea diving as well as eco-tourism have taken hold.  A company of Oregonians has set up shop on the north shore of Treicera (Dauvidu, in Vissi) for eco-tourism of the surrounding ocean and any untouched areas of the island biomes.

It has also been viewed as a possible launch-site for the Euro-Consortium rockets, however, this plan seems to be mired in the same bureaucratic red-tape for the color schema.

The Azores have implemented geothermal energy production in recent years and are largely self-sufficient for their energy needs.

==Culture==

===The Ulfilic Heresy===

The heresy of Ulfilas (according to the Catholic Church) Wikipedia.org: 

&quot;I believe that there is only one God the Father, alone unbegotten and invisible, and in His only-begotten Son, our Lord and God, creator and maker of all things, not having any like unto Him. Therefore there is one God of all, who is also God of our God, And I believe in one Holy Spirit, an enlightening and sanctifying power. As Christ says after the resurrection to his Apostles: &quot;Behold I send the promise of my Father upon you; but tarry ye in the city of Jerusalem until ye be clothed with power from on high.&quot; (Luke 24.49) And again: &quot;And ye shall receive power coming upon you by the Holy Spirit.&quot; (Acts 1.8) Neither God nor Lord, but the faithful minister of Christ; not equal, but subject and obedient in all things to the Son. And I believe the Son to be subject and obedient in all things to God the Father.&quot;

Arianism was a Christological view held by followers of Arius in the early Christian Church, denying that Jesus Christ and God the Father were of the same fundamental essence, seeing the Son as a created being, inferior to the Father. The belief grew rapidly, so much so that it was the majority view of all Christians for a time. The First Council of Nicaea (325 A.D.) condemned this doctrine, after much controversy, and declared it heretical; similar views, and in some cases revival of the name, have recurred.

===Rapprochement===

Since the 1600's and the contact with the known world, the Vissi have quickly adapted to modern technology.  With this ready acceptance of technolgy, the Vissi became aware of their estranged cousins, the Crimean Goths, and a period of rapprochement was begun.

*My Conlang [[Vissi]] (the name for now) is coming in the next year, I hope...

[[Category:Sub-National Entities]]
[[Category:Portugal]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Republic of the Two Crowns</title>
    <id>967</id>
    <revision>
      <id>58440</id>
      <timestamp>2009-03-19T15:54:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>update</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=Rzejpybiełka Dwar Korunar&lt;br&gt;Dviejų Karūnų Respublika&lt;br&gt;Republic of the Two Crowns}}
{{shortname infobox|vernacular=RDK (Erdeka), Wenedolitwania|english=RTC, Venedo-Lithuania, (inofficially and incorrectly also often referred to as &quot;Veneda&quot;)}} 
{{image infobox|file=rtc_flag.gif|caption=Flag of the {{PAGENAME}} }}
{{lang2 infobox|official=[[Wenedyk]], [[Lithuanian]]|others=Low Saxon, Ukrainian, Belarussian, Ruthenian, Prussian, Kashubian, German, Yiddish, [[Slezan|Silesian]] (Slezan), [[Slvanjek]] (Slevan), Sudovian, [[Czech]], [[Skuodian]]}}
{{cities2 infobox|capital=[[Warsina]]|other=[[Vilnius|Wileń]], [[Lodz|Łódź]], Kordyn, Czytać Leoniór, Siodawa, Męć Rzegały, Męć Bowiny}}
{{ruler2 infobox|title=Head of state|name=His Elective Majesty [[Witold IV|King Witold IV Jagiełło]]}}
{{ruler2 infobox|title=Chief of government (kączołarz, chancellor)|name=[[Leoń Janać]]}}
{{area infobox|area=...}}
{{population infobox|population=44,950,507|adjective=inhabitants (2005)}}
{{establishment infobox|year=1569|reason=restored in [[Timeline#1949|1949]]}}
{{currency infobox|currency=1 talar (Ŧ) = 30 groszór = 90 soldór = 540 dzienarzór (đ)}}
{{organization infobox|organization=[[Baltic League]]}}
{{close infobox}}

==Description==

This curious country is comprised of [[Veneda|the Kingdom of Veneda]] and the [[Lithuania|Kingdom of Lithuania]]; the autonomical region of [[Galicia (RTC)|Galicia]] is part of Veneda. The Republic has acted as a kind of buffer state between [[Russia]] and the West for most of the 20th century. More recently, since the fall of the [[SNOR]] regime in Russia, the Republic has taken on more of a mediatory role, serving as a go-between in East-West relations. A common neutral meeting place for talks between European countries is Wileń in Lithuania. The Republic recognises Romuva, Roman Catholicism, Russian Orthodoxy and Greek Catholicism as official religions.
 
The Republic, the Kingdoms of [[Estonia]] and [[Latvia]], the Free City of [[Danzig]], [[Nassland]], the principality of [[Skuodia]] and a number of [[Scandinavian Realm|Scandinavian]] and [[Germany|German]] states together form an international union called the [[Baltic League]], which is a descendant of the old [[Hanseatic League]]. The League has traditionally been one of commerce and trade, though mutual defense has also been an important aspect of its activities.

'''RTC''' the accepted abbreviation of Republic of the Two Crowns, both in news media and public affairs.  '''TCR''' (Two Crown Republic) is viewed as unacceptable.  Sometimes the RTC is referred to as '''Veneda-Lithuania''' or simply '''The Republic'''. People from the RTC are usually referred to as '''Erdekani''' in Wenedyk (from '''RDK'''), in English as '''Coroners''' or more often as '''Veneds'''.

==Administration==
===Government===

Despite its name, the Republic is a constitutional monarchy with an elected king. With the exception of the years 1918-1939, the Republic has been in existence since 1569, albeit under a different name. In its current form it was established after the [[Second Great War]], in 1949.

A short explanation of the rather complicated state structure of the RTC can be found [http://steen.free.fr/rtc/sejm.html here].

===Political parties===

''See: '''[[Political parties in the RTC]]'''.''

===Administrative Divisions===

The Republic consists of two federal states: the '''Kingdom of [[Veneda]]''' (34,573,422 inhabitants in 2005) and the '''Kingdom of [[Lithuania]]''' (10,377,085 inhabitants).

Furthermore, the Republic is subdivided into 18 provinces, five in Lithuania, 13 in Veneda. Four of these together constitute the '''[[Galicia (RTC)|Autonomous Region of Galicia]]''', which is part of [[Veneda]]. In a referendum held in November 2004, the populations of Galicia and the Lithuanian province of Volhynia expressed their preference for a Galician-Volhynian autonomous entity, which would de facto turn Galicia into a Venedic-Lithuanian condominium. This decision has not yet been put into effect though.

{| {{prettytable}} cellpadding=5 
|- bgcolor=#aaaaaa
! # !! Name !! Capital !! Population&lt;br&gt;(2005) !! Part of
|- 
| 1 || [[Przemarz]] || Marzykościół || 1,197,902 || Veneda
|- bgcolor=#eeeeee
| 2 || [[Kujawia]] || Męć Bowiny || 2,154,209 || Veneda
|- 
| 3 || [[Grąweneda]]  || Siodawa || 3,503,068  || Veneda 
|- bgcolor=#eeeeee
| 4 || [[Sątakrucz]] || Łódź || 4,039,090 || Veneda 
|-
| 5 || [[Silesia|Ślęża]] || Piniat || 1,277,016 || Veneda 
|- bgcolor=#eeeeee
| 6 || [[Pieskła Weneda]] || Kordyn || 4,273,000 || Veneda 
|-
| 7 || [[Prusi]] || Męć Rzegały || 2,905,853 || Veneda 
|- bgcolor=#eeeeee
| 8 || [[Mazowia]] || [[Warsina]] || 5,155,248 || Veneda 
|-
| 9 || [[Liublin]] || Liublin || 2,282,996 || Veneda 
|- bgcolor=#eeeeee
| 10 || [[Leonina]] || Czytać Leoniór || 3,881,278 || Veneda (RAG) 
|-
| 11 || [[Hałycz]] || Tarnopol || 1,203,720 || Veneda (RAG) 
|- bgcolor=#eeeeee
| 12 || [[Olwarzyn]] || Czytać Stanisławiana || 1,433,103 || Veneda (RAG)
|-
| 13 || [[Karpatia|Karpacja]] || Użhorod || 1,266,939 || Veneda (RAG)
|- bgcolor=#eeeeee
| 14 || [[Žemaitija|Samogicja (Žemaitija)]] || Kowień ([[Kaunas]]) || 1,972,112 || Lithuania
|-
| 15 || [[Vilnija|Wilnia (Vilnija)]] || Wileń ([[Vilnius]]) || 3,203,611 || Lithuania
|- bgcolor=#eeeeee
| 16 || [[Palenkė|Suślewia (Palenkė)]] || Grodzień (Gardinas) || 1,459,483 || Lithuania
|-
| 17 || [[Polesė|Polesja (Polesė)]] || Brześć Litwańki (Lietuvos Brasta) || 1,467,207 || Lithuania
|- bgcolor=#eeeeee
| 18 || [[Volhynia|Wołynia (Voluinė)]] || Łuck (Luckas) || 2,274,672 || Lithuania
|}

See http://steen.free.fr/rtc/provinces.html for the ethnic composition of the provinces.

&lt;!---The symbols &lt;, v and &gt; are commonly used to represent Veneda, Galicia and Lithuania respectively. These symbols are stylised arrows pointing to the west (for Veneda), south (for Galicia) and east (for Lithuania). The provinces are numbered (with one-digit numbers that are increasing from west to east and from north to south). As there are 10 provinces in Veneda, numbers from 1 to 0 (0 is the last number and means 10) are used; in Lithuania numbers from 1 to 5 and in Galicia - from 1 to 4 are used. Therefore the full provincial code usually consists of the character symbolising country (&lt;, v or &gt;) and a single digit number. On the licence plates and in many other official uses that symbol is changed by the coat of arms of the respective country (Veneda, Galicia or Lithuania). Where it is not possible to use symbols &lt; and &gt; instead of the symbols representing the states letters V (for Veneda), G (for Galicia) and L (for Lithuania) are used, but this is rarer.---&gt;

Furthermore, the Republic has one overseas territory, [[Gambia|Venedic West Africa]], which encompases almost the whole length of the Gambia river. &lt;!---Symbol Y is used to represent [[Gambia|Venedic West Africa]] usually (supposedly it is an arrow pointing southwards and then the additional line represents that it is further south than Galicia) or letter A. In this case, letter A is more common than Y symbol.---&gt; Apart from that, the Republic is temporarily in charge with the government of [[South Florida|South West Florida]].

==A short history==

''(A longer version, including maps, can be found [http://steen.free.fr/rtc/history.html here])''

History of the Republic of the Two Crowns (before 1918 known as the '''Republic of Both Nations''') until late 18th century is more or less similar to history of it's equivalent *here* -- Poland. To shorten it, the Republic of Both Nations was the largest country of Europe, but it survived several severe strikes in 17th century, when it had had to fight with three very strong opponents -- [[Sweden]], [[Russia]] and [[Ottoman Empire]] -- almost at the same time. It did survive those wars, and didn't even lose any territory&lt;!--in real history, it lost some--&gt;, but remained very weakened.

Despite that Republic was the largest European country, it was very weak and unstable internally. Being neither a real republic, nor a monarchy, it was in fact ruled by nobility. The nobles, gathering in Sejm, were very quarrelsome and had many different views on the just politic for Rzejpybiełka. The worst of it, each of the had a right to efficiently disturb a session, because they had a right to veto every legislation and this one single veto was enough not to realize the project (so called ''Liberum veto''). It often happened that Republic's neighbours took advantage of it by bribing one of the members.

Thus the view of the Republic in the 18th century was that despite it was so great country, it was very weak. It wasn't suprising at all that at this point (1772) happened the First Partition. And here we find first difference, maybe not very significant, as Austria didn't take part in this Partition. Second Partition took place in 1793 and just afterwards happens, what I guess is the biggest difference between RTC's and Poland's histories. Unlike *here*, the nobility very concerned with what was happening started to think rationally. They decided to stop quarreling and find some way to defend their country. In 1795, king Głurzan II Poniatyk was dethroned and replaced with August IV, who successfully built an alliance with Scandinavia and [[Austro-Dalmatia]]. Thus, he managed to prevent a third partition. However, pressure from both Prussia and Russia remained strong.

After his death in 1803 Sejm decided for a splendid move and elected Napoleon Bonaparte as the king of the Republic. Napoleon managed to restore some territory lost to Prussia&lt;!--how much, exactly?--&gt;, but as he was *there* less greedy, he decided not to fight against Russia.

Reign of Napoleon was a chance for the Republic to change much, but that didn't happen, the nobility remained unstabile and quarrelsome. However weak, Republic existed peacefully until First Great War. The fact that country existed badly influenced its residents. Rotten nobility of RTC did nothing but quarreled and Rzejpybiełka didn't even join the war during the first year. It declared war on Germany in 1915, in fact only after the Germans started to conquer their territory. However, RTC's army was weak and was completely overrun by the [[Germany|Holy Roman Empire]]. The [[First Great War]] ended with the Republic being split up into a Kingdom of Veneda and an independent Kingdom of Lithuania, both essentially German satellite states.

After the [[Second Great War]], the kingdoms Veneda and Lithuania were reunited on an equal base into the '''Republic of the Two Crowns'''. The newly founded Republic was even expanded with some former German territories&lt;!--which, again?--&gt;.

==Flag and coat of arms==

{| width=80%
| '''Flag'''&lt;br&gt;[[Image:Rtc_flag.gif|framed|left]]
| '''Coat of Arms (proposal)'''&lt;br&gt;http://www.trojmiasto.pl/oliwa/herb-rzplita.gif
|}

==Geography==
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRIES GEOGRAPHY
===Borders===
The Republic's neighbouring countries are, clockwise: [[Skuodia]], [[Latvia]], [[Belarus]], [[Ukraine]], [[Romanian Federation|Romania]], [[Hungary]], [[Slevania]], [[Bohemia]], [[Prussia]], [[Preimern|Premaria]], and [[Danzig]]. To the north, the Republic is adjacent to the Baltic Sea (''Marz Bałtki'').

=== Map ===
http://steen.free.fr/ib/misc/rtc_map.png

=== Cities and towns ===
See [http://steen.free.fr/rtc/cities.html Cities in the RTC] for a list of cities and towns.

&lt;!---
==Economy==
RELEVANT ASPECTS OF THE NATION'S ECONOMICAL SECTOR, EXPORTED PRODUCTS, ETC...
---&gt;

==Culture==

See, among other things: '''[http://steen.free.fr/rtc/howtotell.html How to tell if you're Venedic]'''.

===Languages===

The RTC is a country of many nationalities. The linguistic division of the RTC is given in the table below:

{| align=&quot;left&quot; width=&quot;35%&quot;
! width=&quot;35%&quot; align=&quot;left&quot; | nationality !! width=&quot;35%&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; | number !! width=&quot;30%&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; | %
|-
| [[Wenedyk|Veneds]] || align=&quot;right&quot;| 22,068,049 || align=&quot;right&quot;| 49.09  
|-
|  [[Lithuanian]]s || align=&quot;right&quot;| 5,115,379 || align=&quot;right&quot;| 11.38
|-
|  Ukrainians || align=&quot;right&quot;| 3,552,766 || align=&quot;right&quot;| 7.90
|-
|  Ruthenes || align=&quot;right&quot;| 3,005,214 || align=&quot;right&quot;| 6.69
|-
|  Saxons || align=&quot;right&quot;| 2,389,180 || align=&quot;right&quot;| 5.32
|-
|  Belarussians || align=&quot;right&quot;| 2,204,355 || align=&quot;right&quot;| 4.90 
|-
|  Jews || align=&quot;right&quot;| 1,873,288 || align=&quot;right&quot;| 4.17	  
|-
|  Rusyns || align=&quot;right&quot;| 926,456 || align=&quot;right&quot;| 2.06  
|-
|  Germans || align=&quot;right&quot;| 881,040 || align=&quot;right&quot;| 1.96 
|-
|  Prussians || align=&quot;right&quot;| 673,417 || align=&quot;right&quot;| 1.50  
|-
|  [[Slezan|Silesians]] || align=&quot;right&quot;| 495,497 || align=&quot;right&quot;| 1.10  
|-
|  [[Czech]]s || align=&quot;right&quot;| 444,757 || align=&quot;right&quot;| 0.99
|-
|  [[{{SLVL}}|Slevans]] || align=&quot;right&quot;| 254,182 || align=&quot;right&quot;| 0.57 
|-
|  Sudovians || align=&quot;right&quot;| 231,587 || align=&quot;right&quot;| 0.52  
|-
|  Hungarians || align=&quot;right&quot;| 161,805 || align=&quot;right&quot;| 0.36 
|-
|  Kashubs || align=&quot;right&quot;| 155,967 || align=&quot;right&quot;| 0.35  
|-
|  Skuodians || align=&quot;right&quot;| 76,156 || align=&quot;right&quot;| 0.17
|-
|  other || align=&quot;right&quot;| 441,412 || align=&quot;right&quot;| 0.98
|-
|  '''total''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''44,950,507''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''100.00'''
|}

&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot;&gt;
(source: http://steen.free.fr/rtc/population.html)

===Religion===

The Republic's major religions are: [[Catholicism|Roman Catholicism]], [[Paganism|Romuva (Baltic paganism)]], [[Catholicism|Greek Catholicism]], Judaism, and Orthodoxy.

==Military==

Military of the RTC uses conscription. Military is unified in whole country, but generally the conscripted soldiers serve in the country where they live (that is, people from [[Lithuania]] serves in Lithuania, people from [[Veneda]] - in Veneda, people from [[Galicia]] - in Galicia). Situation had been somewhat different previously as many non-Galicians served in Galicia to quell possible disturbances. Ar force of the RTC traditionally includes many combat aircraft, mostly manufactored in the RTC itself. The navy does not plays a very important role, the base at [[Jakowina]], [[Gambia]] now has only a few ships stationed in it and thus the coastline of the RTC is pretty short and there are no large distances on it. Having had a bad experience with the nuclear weapons when Łódź was nuked, the RTC for a long time did not employ any nuclear weaponry, but in the 80s it developed a program of field [[RA weapons]], despite of a somewhat large public outcry. The RTC has no plans to employ strategic RA wapons in near future.

*'''Land army''': 229,000 of personnel, 1752 main battle tanks.
*'''Navy''' (main bases: [[Męć Rzegały]], [[Gdynia]], [[Klaipėda]], [[Jakowina]]): 28,000 of personnel, 15 submarines, 32 patrol boats, 5 destroyers, 8 frigates.
*'''Air force''': 49,000 of personnel, 39 military airships, 180 combat aircraft.
*'''Nuclear arsenal''': 120 [[RA weapons|Field RAWs]].

==See also==

*The [[Wenedyk]] language
*[[Who's Who in the RTC|Who's Who in the RTC?]]

==More info==

More information on history, population, and maps can be found one the RTC's homepage: 
http://steen.free.fr/rtc/index.html.

----
{{quote|A monarchy as idiotic as this ought not to exist at all.|'''[[Wikipedia:Jaroslav Hašek|Jaroslav Hašek]]''', in:&lt;br&gt;[[Wikipedia:The Good Soldier Švejk|The Good Soldier Švejk]]}} 

[[Category:Nations in Europe]]
[[Category:RTC| ]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Turkey</title>
    <id>968</id>
    <revision>
      <id>59796</id>
      <timestamp>2009-06-08T20:34:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caeruleancentaur</username>
        <id>197</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* History */ Spelling corrections</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=&lt;br&gt;Anatolian Kingdom of Turkey&lt;br&gt;aka&lt;br&gt;Ottoman Empire}}
{{shortname infobox|vernacular=Türkiye|english=Turkey}} 
{{image infobox|file=Turkey_flag.gif|caption=State flag of {{PAGENAME}} }}
&lt;!-- {{motto infobox|motto=THE MOTTO!}} --&gt;
{{lang2 infobox|official=[[Turkish]]|others=(in most-to-less order of # of speakers): Turkish dialects, Sandžacki}}
{{cities2 infobox|capital=Gordion|other=Istanbul, Izmir, Adana, Antalya, Urfa}}
{{ruler infobox|title=Sultan|name=Murat}}
&lt;!-- {{ruler infobox|title=CHIEF OF GOVERNMENT|name=NAME OF CoG}}
{{area infobox|area=AREA}} --&gt;
{{population infobox|population=17 million|adjective=}}
|-
|width=40% style=&quot;border-bottom:none;&quot;|'''Religions:'''
|width=60% style=&quot;border-bottom:none;&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
|width=40% style=&quot;border-bottom:none;&quot;|State Religions:
|width=60% style=&quot;border-bottom:none;&quot;|Sunni Islam
|-
|width=40% style=&quot;border-bottom:none;&quot;|Others:
|width=60% style=&quot;border-bottom:none;&quot;|Shi'ite Islam, various denominations of [[Judaism]], Syrian Orthodox Christians
&lt;!-- {{independence infobox|from=RULING NATION|dec_date=DATE OF DECLARATION|rec_date=DATE OF RECOGNITION}}
{{independence2 infobox|from=RULING NATION|date=DATE}} --&gt;
{{currency infobox|currency=Kurus = 40 piastres}}
{{organization infobox|organization=[[Silk Road League]]}} 
{{close infobox}}


==Administration==
===Government===
Turkey is a monarchy.
&lt;!-- ===Administrative Divisions===
LIST OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS --&gt;
==History==
Owing to the 16th Century [A.D.] victories of Mohammed Zahir-un-din, also known as Babur, against the Safavids, the changes to the Ottoman dynasty and polity were remarkably imperceptible  --  until the year 1835 [A.D.], when the reigning sultan died of an abrupt heart attack.  His successor was his son Murad.

Murad, upon taking the throne, did all he could to keep his country solvent.  However, this involved tightening control over the Middle East and the Balkans, which sowed the seeds for rebellion.  In the 1840s, Sultan Murad received emissaries from the Baburids to the east, proposing a holy war against the Safavid Persians.  However, Murad, like his son and grandson would be, was too busy quelling insurrections in the Ottoman Realm for taking part in a holy war.

[[Albania]] gained independence from Turkey in August 1894, after the Albanians took inspiration from the [[Hungary|Hungarians]] (1869), [[Bulgaria|Bulgarians]] (January 1893), [[Dalmatia|Dalmatians]] (1890) and others who rose up against the Ottoman Empire. The Albanians, however, were aided by troops from the [[Two Sicilies]], which goes a long way to explain the cold shoulder the [[Two Sicilies]] and Turkey give one another, diplomatically speaking.

In the wake of the [[First Great War|Great War]] of 1914-1918, newly-crowned Sultan Ibrahim moved the capital to the more secure location of Gordion, home of the legendary King Midas.

In 1920, Sultan Ibrahim instituted the [[Turkish|Language Reform]], which purged Turkey’s Osmanlica alphabet of Persian characters.  Facing rebellion in the same year, he ordered a forced march of all Kurds and Armenians to the nations of their co-nationals to the east.  The Syrian citizens, however, he gave the option of staying in Turkey.

Among the formerly Ottoman countries which have maintained at least warm, if not particularly close, relations with Turkey, are [[Sanjak]] and [[Bulgaria]] and (-).  The other successor states are fairly hostile to Turkey.

Alongside [[Iraaq]] and [[Saudi Arabia]], Turkey is one of the few outright supporters of the nation of Sanjak.

On 5 May, 1991, the Anatolian Kingdom of Turkey supported an Islamic Revolution in Sanjak, and shortly afterwards, attempted a second one in [[Albania]] - though the second one failed.

==Geography==
===Borders===
North: Black Sea.&lt;br&gt;
West: [[Greece]], Aegean Sea.&lt;br&gt;
South: Mediterranean Sea, [[Syria]].&lt;br&gt;
East: [[Armenia]], [[Kurdistan]].&lt;br&gt;
&lt;!-- ==Economy==
RELEVANT ASPECTS OF THE NATION'S ECONOMICAL SECTOR, EXPORTED PRODUCTS, ETC...
==Culture==
RELEVANT ASPECTS OF THE NATION'S CULTURE
===Languages===
===Religion===
==See also==
LINK(S) TO EVENTUAL WEBSITE(S) --&gt;

* Official written language:  Osmanlica  (which is Arabic script, with characters added to handle Turkish and Persian sounds not present in Arabic).
* Other written languages:  Syriac, Cyrillic, Arabic, 
* Official coinage:  piastre
* Other coinages:  dinar, xenar, kuna, riyal, leva, leu, lek, new ruble, 
* State sport: [[Wikipedia:Jereed|cirit]]
* Other sports: Oil wrestling,

{{SRL}}

[[Category:Nations in the Middle East]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Turkish</title>
    <id>969</id>
    <revision>
      <id>19083</id>
      <timestamp>2005-11-14T20:38:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>-prop; minor adjustment to Wenedyk</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">&lt;b&gt;The Turkish language in IB&lt;/b&gt;

Turkish in IB has gone through both a script reform and a language reform, but since [[Turkey]] unlike *here* did &lt;b&gt;not&lt;/b&gt; go through a westernizing revolution neither reform was so dramatic or thoroughgoing as *here*.  Both the [[Arabic]] script and [[Arabic]] loanwords remained in place, though letters were added to the script (by placing new diacritic signs on existing letters) to give a better fit with Turkish phonology at least in Turkish words and morphemes and by abolishing [[Arabic]] inflections and grammatical constructions, like feminine agreement in adjectives and [[Arabic]] plurals (except where these had developed a separate lexical meaning).

The scientific transliteration is based strictly on [[Croatian]] letter-values, since it was created by a Croato-[[Dalmatian]] scholar with a taste for one-to-one transliterations.  The English system is predictable, except for the German-influenced use of &lt;b&gt;&amp;#228;&lt;/b&gt; for /æ/ and the use of &lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt; for /ɨ/.  The German system is used also in the SR, with some modifications: &lt;b&gt;&amp;#228;, &amp;#246;, &amp;#252;&lt;/b&gt; are replaced by the corresponding [[Riksmål]] letters &lt;b&gt;&amp;#230;, &amp;#248;, y&lt;/b&gt; and the German &lt;b&gt;y&lt;/b&gt; for /ɨ/ is replaced by &lt;b&gt;ÿ&lt;/b&gt;.  There are also [[Francien]] and [[Wenedyk]] transcriptions that differ from the English in predictable ways.


{| border=0
! Scientific || [[English]] || [[Francien]] || [[Wenedyk]] || German || 
|-
| ’, a || a || a || a || a || ا
|-
| â || â || â || á || á || آ
|-
| b || b || b || b || b || ب
|-
| p || p || p || p || p || پ
|-
| t || t || t || t || t || ت
|-
| s̱ || s || s || s || s || ث
|-
| ǧ || j || dj || dż || dsch || ج
|-
| č || ch || tch || cz || tsch || چ
|-
| ḥ || h || h || h || h || ح
|-
| ħ || h || h || h, ch || h, ch || خ
|-
| d || d || d || d || d || د
|-
| ẕ || z || z || z || ṡ || ذ
|-
| r || r || r || r || r || ر
|-
| z || z || z || z || s || ز
|-
| ž || zh || j || ż || ṡch || ژ
|-
| s || s || s || s || s || س
|-
| š || sh || ch || sz || sch || ش
|-
| ṣ || s || s || s || s || ص
|-
| ż || z || z || z || s || ض
|-
| ṭ || t || t || t || t || ط
|-
| ẓ || z || z || z || ṡ || ظ
|-
| ‛ ||&amp;nbsp; || &amp;nbsp; || &amp;nbsp; || &amp;nbsp; || ع
|-
| ḡ || gh || gh || g̶, gh || g̶, gh || غ
|-
| f || f || f || f || f || ف
|-
| ḳ || k, q || k, q || k, q || k || ق
|-
| k || k || k || k || k || ك
|-
| ñ || n || n || n || n || ڭ
|-
| g || g || g || g || g || گ
|-
| l || l || l || l || l || ل
|-
| m || m || m || m || m || م
|-
| n || n || n || n || n || ن
|-
| h || h || h || h || h || ھ
|-
| e || ä || è || e || ä, æ || ہ
|-
| o || o || o || o || o || و
|-
| u || u || ou || u || u || ۇ
|-
| ö || ö || eu || ö || ö, ø || ۏ
|-
| ü || ü || u || ü || ü, y || ۊ
|-
| v || v || v || w || w || ۋ
|-
| j || y || y || j || j || ي
|-
| i || i || i || i || i || ې,ﭔ,ﭕ
|-
| y || e || e || y || y, ÿ || ی*
|}
&lt;nowiki&gt;*Only written at the end of words.&lt;/nowiki&gt;

In the Turko-Arabic orthography all [[Turkish]] vowels have their separate letters, but the vowel &lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt; /ɨ/ is normally only written out at the end of words, and in many suffixes such as the plural suffix &lt;b&gt;-lar&lt;/b&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;/&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;b&gt;-l&amp;#228;r&lt;/b&gt; even other vowels are normally left unwritten, so that not even the orthography of native words is totally unambiguous.  Actually there is a tradeoff between unambiguity and having a single orthography for allomorphs of the same suffix.  Turks in general seem happy with the &quot;morphemic&quot; writing of suffixes as they have it. In fact the full writing of suffixes is allowed, though seldom found outside beginners books.  There is also one other orthographic device which is non-standard, but used by some writers is two dots below &lt;b&gt;k&amp;#226;f&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;b&gt;g&amp;#226;f&lt;/b&gt; and &lt;b&gt;l&amp;#226;m&lt;/b&gt; to indicate a palatalized pronunciation, which is sometimes rendered in English transcription by &lt;b&gt;ky, gy, ly&lt;/b&gt;.  The scientific transliteration uses a superscript acute accent and the Wenedyk and Fraktur transcription a following &lt;b&gt;j&lt;/b&gt; resp. a following &lt;b&gt;i&lt;/b&gt; for the same purpose.

BPJ 11-28 July 2004, updated 28 April 2005

[[Category:Language]]
[[Category:Romanization]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tocharstan</title>
    <id>970</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31366</id>
      <timestamp>2006-02-24T16:33:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Quentin</username>
        <id>78</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>Not needed.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=Тохарстан&lt;br&gt;Tocharstan}}
{{image infobox|file=tocharstanWOD.gif|caption=Flag of {{PAGENAME}} }}
{{sub infobox|nation=[[Russian Federation]]}}
|-
|width=40% style=&quot;border-bottom:none;&quot;|'''Cities:'''
|width=60% style=&quot;border-bottom:none;&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
|width=40% style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:none;&quot; valign=top|&amp;nbsp;Capital:
|width=60% style=&quot;border-top:none;border-bottom:none;&quot;|Tara
|-
|width=40% style=&quot;border-top:none;&quot; valign=top|&amp;nbsp;Other:
|width=60% style=&quot;border-top:none;&quot;|
{{lang2 infobox|official=Tocharian, Russian|others=...}}
{{generic infobox|title=President|value=...}}
{{generic infobox|title=Prime minister|value=...}}
{{area infobox|area=...}}
{{population infobox|population=...|adjective=...}}
{{establishment infobox|year=1991|reason=...}}
{{location infobox|file=Russia-tocharstan.jpg|caption=Location of {{PAGENAME}} in the Russian Federation}}
{{close infobox}}
One of the nice things of [[Ill Bethisad|IB]] is the survival of interesting nations that are extinct *here*. One of those are the Tocharians.

We don't even know what happened to the Tocharians *here*. It seems they simply vanished from history. Were they assimilated by the [[Uyguristan|Uygurs]] and the [[Mongolia|Mongols]], were they simply slaughtered, or were they perhaps abducted by aliens?
Whatever happened, in Ill Bethisad some of them managed to escape Mongol domination, fled North, and settled somewhere between the Ob and the Irtysh. Currently, there are ca. 400,000 of them, enough for a small republic in the West Siberian Lowlands, Tocharstan, that is part of the Russian Federation. Its administrative centre is the city of Tara.

During the years of [[SNOR]] rule, the Tocharians had a hard time like anyone else in [[Russia]] who was not a member of the party, partly because their native religion (Buddhism) was suppressed in favour of Orthodoxy. They had to cope with a huge number of Russian immigrants, who got better jobs and were better paid for the same work. Their language must have suffered from that, too, but not to a dramatic extent.

What sort of people inhabit the Tocharstan? Well, given that the Tocharians must have looked rather European (and they 
spoke a language that came closest to Celtic), some of these characteristics must undoubtedly have survived. Many centuries of etnhic intermixing must have caused them to look more Asiatic than they did back then, though.

The language must have developed in 1,300 years, that's for sure. Old Tocharian consisted of two dialects (actually, languages): Tocharian A and B. Could those two have survived? Or would it be more probable that the Tocharians, as they moved North, developed some sort of intermediary language, that could later spawn new dialects? Furthermore, the language must have been influenced both by Russian, Turkic/Mongolian languages, and the local languages of the region 
they dwelt in.

Of course, they took their script (the Brahmi script) with them, but forgot it, and after centuries of illiteracy they developed a new written language based on Cyrillic.

Except for the Tocharian Republic, there is also a small Buddhist Tocharian enclave in Western [[China]] with strong ties with northern Buddhist India [Asoka?].

Interestingly, there is also a Tocharian minority in [[Alyaska]]. The Russians sent troublesome individuals to Alyaska: Nihilists, Anarchists, Old Believers, Nestorians, Jews, Siberians, Lithuanian Pagans on their side of the border, Georgians, etc. Makes for interesting riots :)

==Tocharian Links==

* 'He's Not One of Us': http://www.science-spirit.org/article_detail.php?article_id=281
* Caucasians in China: The Takla Makan Mummies Page 26: http://www.s8int.com/page26.html
* Everything You Wanted to Know about Tocharian: http://www.oxuscom.com/eyawtkat.htm
* Seperation Anxiety: The Conservation of a 5th Century Buddhist Gandharan Manuscript: http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/waac/wn/wn22/wn22-1/wn22-105.html
* Tocharian alphabet: http://www.omniglot.com/writing/tocharian.htm
* Tarim mummies - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarim_mummies#Tocharians
* Tocharians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocharians#Historic_role (the picture!)

&lt;br&gt;
{{Russian Federation}}
[[Category:Russian republic]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Slevania</title>
    <id>971</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32922</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-06T21:20:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">''This work won't progress very much in the foreseeable future''
''but what stands here is pretty definitive. [BPJ]''

{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;'''Slvanja'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Slevania'''&lt;/big&gt;
{{image infobox|file=Slevania_flag.gif|caption=State flag of {{PAGENAME}} }}
|-
|colspan=2 align=center | &lt;small&gt;National motto: '' !''
|-
|'''Languages''' ||
|-
| Official  || [[{{SLVL}}]] (Slevan)
|-
| Other || Hungarian, Rusinian, Romany, German
|-
|'''Capital''' || [[Kasovlja]]
|-
|'''Important Cities''' || OTHER CITIES
|-
|'''President''' || Florján Vljavlján
|-
|'''Prime minister''' || Gerard Hrodzán
|-
|'''Area''' || 
|-
|'''Population''' || 
|-
|'''Independence''' || from [[Hungary]]
|-
|(declared) || 1948
|-
|(recognized) || 1948
|-
|'''[[Currency]]''' || 1 Avrej (A) = 25 Djenary (D) = 100 Szestreti (HS)
|-
|'''[[Supranational Organizations|Organizations]]''' || ORGANIZATIONS
|}

==General information==

&lt;b&gt;Slevania&lt;/b&gt;: ([[{{SLVL}}]] &lt;i&gt;Slvanja&lt;/i&gt;): Central European country located south of the [[Republic of the Two Crowns]], north of [[Hungary]], east of [[Austria]] and south-east of the [[Bohemia|Bohemian Kingdom]].  It was
for many centuries part of Hungary, to become an independent country under [[SNOR]] hegemony only after [[Second Great War|Great War II]].

----

==Administration==
===Government===

Slevania is a republic with a president (&lt;i&gt;prezident&lt;/i&gt;) elected for a five year term by a general vote.  The parliament, &lt;i&gt;Kúhrés&lt;/i&gt;, is elected every third years in a general election.  The &lt;i&gt;Kúhrés&lt;/i&gt; in turn elects the prime minister, &lt;i&gt;primár&lt;/i&gt;, who appoints the cabinet.  In [[SNOR|SNORist]]/[[FNLS]] times there was also a &lt;i&gt;Senát&lt;/i&gt;, which was abolished in the democratic constitution of 1991.

The incumbent president is Florján Vljavlján of the SSDP, and the incumbent prime minister is Gerard Hrodzán of the VAS.  The main action in Slevan politics is these two arguing with each other, interrupted by the occasional bout of sluggery between Donát Prszán from the PFLS and Ljulján Kustúc from the FNLS.

BPJ 15.6-2004

==== Proposed list of Slevan political parties ====

*&lt;i&gt;Póply Front pru Liberacune Slvanje&lt;/i&gt; ([[PFLS]], People's Front for the Liberation of Slevania): a radical communist party.  Acted as an armed resistance movement during the [[SNOR|SNORist]] period. Current leader Donát Prszán.

*&lt;i&gt;Liberal-Soczalistjec Partít Slvanje&lt;/i&gt; (LSPS, Liberal-Socialist Party of Slevanja): a small Anarchist party. Current leader: Sabrína Hlurana.

*&lt;i&gt;Slvanjek Soczal-Demokratjec Partít&lt;/i&gt; (SSDP): Slevanian Social-Democratic Party.  Current party leader: Florján Vljavlján.

*&lt;i&gt;Partít Liberale Slvanje&lt;/i&gt; (PLS): Slevanian Liberal Party. Current party leader: Lavrénc Lczenj.

*&lt;i&gt;Vynjune Ahrarúr Slvánjcúr&lt;/i&gt; (VAS): Slevanian Agrarian Union. Current party chairman: Gerard Hrodzán

*&lt;i&gt;Múta Slvánjca Chrsztán-Demokráca&lt;/i&gt; (MSChD Slevanian Christian-Democratic Movement): the main conservative party with [[Catholicism|Catholic]] affiliations. Current party leader: Karol Mracelín.

*&lt;i&gt;Demokratjec Partít Slvánjczi Póply&lt;/i&gt; (DPSP, Slevanian People's Democratic Party): a smaller conservative party without particular religious affiliation.  Current party leader: Tom&amp;#225;s M&amp;#225;szm&amp;#237;n.

*&lt;i&gt;Front Nacunale pru Liberacune Slvanje&lt;/i&gt; ([[FNLS]], National Front for the Liberation of Slevania): started out in the 1880's as a Liberal movement for independence from Hungary.  In the 1940's, during the [[Second Great War]], party leader Halj&amp;#233;r transformed [[FNLS]] into an aggressively nationalistic and chauvinistic movement which after the [[Russia|Russian]] occupation in 1948 was suitable to form a puppet government for the [[SNOR]].  They remained in power until the fall of [[SNOR|SNORism]] in 1990, wherafter they 'reorganized' and tried to play the r&amp;#244;le of a democratic nationalistic party.  Current party leader: Ljulj&amp;#225;n Kust&amp;#250;c.

*&lt;i&gt;Rusnackyj Narodnyj Ruch&lt;/i&gt; (RNR, or in Slevan &lt;i&gt;Rusn&amp;#225;ca P&amp;#243;ply M&amp;#243;ta&lt;/i&gt;): the interest party of the Rusnak minority. Leader: Ivan Onufrjak.

*&lt;i&gt;Magyar N&amp;#233;pp&amp;#225;rt&lt;/i&gt; (MNP, Magyar People's party, &lt;i&gt;Part&amp;#237;t P&amp;#243;plare Modjor&amp;#250;r&lt;/i&gt;): a Social-Democrat party of the Hungarian minority. Leader: Papp, Simon.

*&lt;i&gt;Magyar Egys&amp;#233;g P&amp;#225;rtja&lt;/i&gt; (MEP, Magyar Union Party, &lt;i&gt;Part&amp;#237;t Vynjuni Modjor&amp;#250;r&lt;/i&gt;): a conservative-nationalistic party of the Hungarian minority. Leader: N&amp;#233;meth, Gy&amp;#246;rgy.

*&lt;i&gt;Romano Drom&lt;/i&gt; (RD, &lt;i&gt;Cig&amp;#225;njca Vljata&lt;/i&gt; &quot;The Roma Way&quot;): a party for organizing the Roma of Slevania.  Leader: Roman Lovar.

*&lt;i&gt;Deutsche Bund Schlewaniens&lt;/i&gt; (DBS, &lt;i&gt;Soczetate Dzrem&amp;#225;njca Slvanje&lt;/i&gt;): a small party organizing the German minority of Slevania.  Leader: Hermann Schumacher.

The current government is a VAS-MSCHD coalition supported by PLS and DPSP, and to its own embarrassment most of the time by FNLS as well.

===Administrative Divisions===
==History==

&lt;!--=== Roman times ===--&gt;

=== The Dark Ages ===
[[Saint Glorian]] ''(Sút Hlurán)''

&lt;!--=== The Middle Ages ===

=== The early Modern period ===

=== National awakening and independence movement ===

=== During the Second Great War ===

=== Under the [[FNLS]] régime ===

=== After the fall of [[SNOR]]ism ===--&gt;

==Geography==
===Borders===
*North: [[RTC|The Republic of the Two Crowns]] and the [[Bohemia|Bohemian Kingdom]].
*West: [[Austria]].
*South: [[Hungary]].
*East: [[Galicia (RTC)|Galicia]]/[[RTC]].

&lt;!--==Economy==--&gt;
==Culture==
&lt;!--===Languages===--&gt;
===Religion===
Most Slevans are Roman Catholic.  There is also a sizeable Protestant minority as well as small groups of adherents to other religions, mostly resident foreigners, recent converts or their children.

==See also==
[[FrathWiki:Slevan]]

See also: [[FNLS]], [[PFLS]], [[Mrac]]

----

[[Category:Nations in Europe]]
[[Category:Slevania]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Slvanjek</title>
    <id>972</id>
    <revision>
      <id>56688</id>
      <timestamp>2009-02-02T18:00:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Benkarnell</username>
        <id>190</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* {{SLVL}} (Slevan) */ Link to fun Slevan program</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">== {{SLVL}} (Slevan) ==

North-central (or Slavo-) [[Romance languages|Romance language]], spoken in [[Slevania]]. A description of the language can be found at 
[[FrathWiki:Slevan]].

----
Note that the adjective or noun [[Slevanian]] is considered incorrect by [[Slevania|Slevans]].  '''Slevan''' should be used in English both for the name of the language and as an adjective pertaining to the language, the country and the people, as well as as the designation of an inhabitant of [[Slevania]].
----

There is an ongoing project for translating Slovak placenames into
[[{{SLVA}} Placenames]].

The evolution of Slevan from Proto-Romance and [[Latin]] is simulated at the interactive [http://www.melroch.se/conlang/slevan/slevan.php Slevan Sound Change Applier]. 

{{Romance}}
[[Category:Slevania]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bohemia</title>
    <id>973</id>
    <revision>
      <id>55709</id>
      <timestamp>2008-11-28T07:39:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jan II.</username>
        <id>21</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>adding &quot;pro-geman&quot; orientation of bohemia during GW2, + minor typo corrs</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=360 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;'''Ten Kénikrejch Téch Pémiši Króna Lonti'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''The Kingdom of the Bohemian Crown Lands'''&lt;/big&gt;
{{image infobox|file=Bohemia_flag.gif|caption=State flag of {{PAGENAME}} }}
|-
|colspan=2 align=center | &lt;small&gt;National motto: ''Veritas vincit!''
|-
|'''Languages''' ||
|-
| Official  || [[Bohemian]]
|-
| Other || [[Wenedyk|Venedic]], [[Slezan|Silesian]], [[{{SLVL}}]] (Slevan),  [[Moravljanec|Moravian]], Lusatian, [[Czech language|Czech]], Arkian, Yiddish, German
|-
|'''Major religions''' || [[Common Bohemian Church]], [[Catholicism|Roman Catholicism]],  [[Judaism]], [[The Way to the Fourth Worshiping]]
|-
|'''Capital''' || Prák (Prague, Praha)
|-
|'''Important Cities''' || Kotpus (Cottbus), Paucän (Bautzen), Preslau (Breslau), Pryn (Brünn), Tropau (Troppau), Tešän (Teschen), Olmyc (Olmütz)
|-
|'''Subdivisions''' || 7 federal territories (Bohemia, Moravia, Upper and Lower Silesia, Upper and Lower Lusatia, Tesenlont); 52 counties (Ten päcirk), the autonomous municipalities (Prague, Brenno, Olmutz)
|-
|'''Government type''' || Constitutional parliamentary federative monarchy with a hereditary king/queen
|-
|'''Head of state''' || Her Royal Majesty Queen Katerína I. foncu Hapšpurk (Catherine I. of Hapsburg)
|-
|'''Head of government''' || Chancellor: Franc Fišär
|-
|'''Area''' ||  60 000 sq. miles
|-
|'''Population''' ||  17,084,627 (2003)
|-
|'''Establishment''' || 1212
|-
|'''[[Currency]]''' || 1 króna (K) = 20 krojcärni (k) = 240 helärni (h)
|-
|'''Neighbouring countries''' || ''(clockwise)'' [[RTC]], [[Slevania]], [[Austria]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
|-
|'''[[Supranational Organizations|International organisations]]''' || [[League of Nations]]&lt;br&gt;[[European Federation]]
|}

=== Description ===

A quiet and idyllic country in the heart of Europe. Well, the idyll is rather bucolic and consists of beer, pork and sauerkraut, but it is indisputable that Bohemians are clever, laborious, wealthy and thus self-satisfied people. There is a saying: &quot;Everything touched by Bohemian labourer turns gold.&quot; It is true both sides; life standard and salaries are high and Bohemians are known to be slow, but precise and quite skilled. Fine mechanisms, light and heavy machinery, crystal glass, pottery. Their German neighbours say quite often that they are also slow with thinking. Well, it looks so, but do not be mistaken, slow does not mean stupid. There were and are quite a few well-known scientists living and working in BK: S. Hejrovski (polarography), [[Sikmunt Frojt|S. Frojt]] (analytical psychology), O. Vichterle (chemistry, eye-lenses), H.E. Purkajna (cell biology), H.K. Mentl (genetics), K. Kétl (mathematics), E. Mach (physics). 

The kingdom is a relatively calm pot of nations: majority are Bohemians; jovial, smily, friendly. Well, some people say their smile is sometimes more of mockery, some people say their breezy is sometimes more of fence-sittery. Definitely they are proud to be Bohemians. It goes so far, that they &quot;bohemicise&quot; anything they would like to proudly present; almost everything related to pre-Hapsburgian Czechs - their kings, traditions and even names.

The second greatest nationality in BK are Slavo-Romans, represented by Veneds, Silesians, Slevans and Moravians. Except for irredentic Slevans; these are content citizens. Especially, Silesians and Moravians do enjoy very high degree of autonomy and cultural independence; both are known for living folklore traditions often used to show the foreign politicians how tolerant the Bohemians are.

There are also several small minorities: up-and-coming Jews (150 000), Germans (100 000), flabby Sorbs (50 000), troublemaking Czechs (20 000) and almost invisible Arkians (3 000).

=== A Short History ===

The history of Bohemia is often said to start in 175 EC, when emperor Marcus Aurelius conquered Boiohaemia and incorporated it as province Marcomania for more than 100 years into Roman Empire. Then, the rise came with Slavs, who mixed with some lasting Celts (Boii were reported to live in northern Bohemia till 12th cc) and Germanic tribes. They erected first independent states on a territory of Bohemia: Empire of Samo in 7th cc and Great Moravia in 9th cc.

The stable state came with the Premyslids and their rule. Premyslids ruthlessly uprooted all opposition (by genocide of tribal ruling houses Slavnikovci and Vrsovci) and forced a centralised state. In 1212, the first hereditary king was crowned by Roman Emperor, Premysl Otakar. Czech king became Elector of [[Germany|HRE]] and it was said, that from throne in Prague one rules the Central Europe.

1306, when last Premyslid was slain entering throne of Veneda, Bohemian Kingdom started its change from a centralised kingdom to a kingdom ruled by High Estates. Few strong kings appeared, Charles of Luxembourg, George of Podebrady and Kunstat, but generally the Estates had the major word in internal matters.

Quite a change came in 1612, after treaty of Vienna, when Bohemian kingdom was released from Austro-Bohemo-Dalmatian Monarchy and under rule of Hapsburgs it lasts till today.

Except for temporary problems with Prussian expansion (1766-1815), BK was stable and sturdy country, often appreciated for its honour and tolerance. After almost 200 years, it was defeated by treacherous coup d'etat in [[Second Great War]] and a pro-German &quot;quisling&quot; regime was introduced for 10 years. Fate of post-war Bohemia was decided by national uprising and quick help from [[Scandinavian Realm]] against remaining German force, who planned to create 'Festung Europa' in Bohemia. SNORist [[Russia]] planned after turning against Germany to incorporated it into its sphere of interest being supported by Czech minority in Volynia, especially Gen. Ludwjk Swoboda, commander of feared [[Czech White Legion]]; but it never happened.

After the [[Second Great War]], the economical progress and political stability made out of BK a paradise. Well, it is difficult for any foreigner to live in BK, because Bohemians are quite xenophobic, but many &quot;noble refugees&quot; found their way through into Bohemian society, because Bohemians are also lofty, often trying to be holier than pope. Politically we may describe BK as a country with frequent &quot;storms in a tea-spoon&quot;. Narrow-minded and frivolous politicians do often argue about senseless details for ages, but it should be noted, that miraculously they can come to conclusion in a minute, if they feel that some-one outside is observing them.

Bohemia is well-known for its high class lager beer (Putvejsär, Pilsnär Urkvel), crystal glass, contact eye-lenses, quality machinery (many oil refineries built in Near East), small subsonic fighter jets Aero L-159 Alka and guns (Bohemian machine gun MK37 and MK42 designed in ''Ti Ersti Prynäri Mašinverki'' in Brenno (Brünn/Pryn) killed thousands during GW2).

Here is a list of [[Rulers of Bohemia]].

== Constitution ==

The Bohemian Kingdom is a constitutional, federative, parliamentary monarchy. The current royal house is House of Hapsburg (since 1526); represented by ''Her Royal Majesty Katerína I. foncu Hapšpurk'' (Catherine I. of Hapsburg). The parliament (Royal Council, '''Ten Kénikrát''') is elected every five years in a general ballot. The king/queen then chooses the prime minister (Chancellor, '''Ten Štátkanclär''') as a representative of the party with majority votes. He/She then appoints the cabinet.

The actual Chancellor is Franc Fišär of the PFP (Bohemian Constitutional Party). The main theme of current Bohemian politics is accession to the [[European Federation]] and the next level of federalisation (hottest issue: division of Moravia into Bohemian West-Moravia and Slevanian/Moravian East-Moravia).

== Political parties now in Parliament ==

'''General parties'''

''Ta Ernojena Färfasunkspartaj'' (EFP, The Re-newed Constitutional Party) - conservative party not really happy with all those liberal changes of queen Terésija.

''Ta Pémiše Färfasunkspartaj'' (PFP, The Bohemian Constitutional Party) - loyal liberal party in Bohemia

''Ta Socijálpartaj'' (SP, The Social Party) - left wing intelectual party found for the elections in 1853.

''Ten Arpojtspunt'' (AP, The Work Union) - the left wing workers party, who were unsatisfied with the performance of SP, whom they mostly assigned as parlour socialists.

''Ti Frojsinike'' (FS, The Liberals) - extreme liberal party, anti-monarchistic and in strong opposition to socialists and conservatives.

''Ta Pýrkärpartaj'' (PP, The Civic Party) - a center party, with some ideas from socialists and some liberal ones. They have lot of Bohemian Protestant electors.

''Ta Kristlichtemokrátiše Partaj'' (KDP, The Christian Democratic Party) - Catholic party of the moravian Bohemians, the only Bohemian Catholics, except for Austrians in Sítmérän (South Moravia).

'''German parties'''

''Deutsche Heimatspartei / Ta Tojče Hajmástpartaj'' (DHP, German Homeland Party) - conservative German party, banned in 1949, re-newed in 1978.

'''Silesian parties'''

''Demokratek Muvmet de Slezani / To Temokratík Pevékunk Šlesijenärs'' (DMS, Democratic Movement of Silesians) - established in 1977 from the rest of Livra Šlezna (The Freedom of Silesia) to defend in collaboration with DMS in [[RTC]] the interests of the Silesian minority in Silesia.

'''Teschen/Venedic parties'''

''Naty Wenedy / Ti Kintri Feneti'' (NV, The Children of Veneda) - moderate centristic party with strong sense for autonomy of both Silesias and Teschen.

'''Moravian parties'''

''Partít Nacunale Moravlje / Ta Mériše Nacionálpartaj'' (PNM, The Moravian National Party) - moderate nationalistic party, claiming that Moravians are separate nation from Slevans and Moravia should be administrated by Moravians only.

=== Coat-of-arms ===

http://ark.wz.cz/ib/bigone2.jpg

=== Map of the BK ===

http://ark.wz.cz/ib/pemis4.jpg

=== External links ===

* Main page: http://ark.wz.cz/ib/pemis_kenikrajch.html
* Its history: http://ark.wz.cz/ib/pemis_ksichtny.html
* The language: http://ark.wz.cz/ib/pemis_sprochna.html

[[Category:Nations in Europe]]
[[Category:Bohemia]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Slezan</title>
    <id>974</id>
    <revision>
      <id>52955</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-02T23:47:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Šležan''' is a Northeast (or Slavo-) Romance language, spoken in '''Silesia''' (most of which is part of the [[Bohemia|Bohemian Kingdom]], the rest of the [[RTC]]): http://steen.free.fr/slezan/index.html

{{Romance}}</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Romance languages</title>
    <id>975</id>
    <revision>
      <id>12070</id>
      <timestamp>2005-02-07T20:04:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirect</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Romance Languages]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rigsmaal Patronymics</title>
    <id>976</id>
    <revision>
      <id>12073</id>
      <timestamp>2005-09-24T18:38:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Personal names of the Scandinavian Realm]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rigsmaal</title>
    <id>977</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32121</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-01T23:05:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>-stub</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Rigsmaal''' is the former literary standard of Scandinavian used in Denmark-Norway and her former colonies. Today, it has been replaced by the pan-Scandinavian [[Riksmål]].


{{Germanic}}

[[Category:Scandinavian Realm]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sweden</title>
    <id>978</id>
    <revision>
      <id>49764</id>
      <timestamp>2007-12-17T18:20:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=Swerighe(Swenska)&lt;br&gt;Sweden (English)}}
{{image infobox|file=swe.gif|caption=Flag of {{PAGENAME}} }}
{{sub infobox|nation=[[Scandinavian Realm]]}}
{{cities infobox|capital=Stockholm|largest=Stockholm|other=Uppsala, Westerås, Ørebro, Skara, Linkjøping, Sundsvall, Janskipping}}
{{lang2 infobox|official=[[Riksmål]]|others=[[Swedish|Swenska]]}}
{{ruler infobox|title=GOVERNOR|name=Frederik Reinfeldt}}
{{area infobox|area=100,532 sq mi}}
{{population infobox|population=8,142,817|adjective=inhabitants}}
{{establishment infobox|year=Pre-historic|reason= feudal state consolidation}}
{{close infobox}}
The Kingdom of Sweden is one of the founding member states of the Commonwealth of the [[Scandinavian Realm]]. It is a land of forests, bounded in the north by [[Samme]] and [[Finland]], in the east by the Baltic Sea, in the west by [[Norway]], and in the south by [[Denmark]].(1) 

Though most of Sweden is forested lands, making the forest industry important to Sweden's economy, it is also well-known for technological innovations, and produces automobiles, aeroplanes, and telecommunications equipment - among other things. Sweden's homogenuous population, like the rest of Scandinavia, enjoys a very high standard of living as well as a very well-developed welfare system.

The vast majority of Swedes are glad to be a part of the Scandinavian Realm, but a few radical (albeit very ''small'') groups agitate for a free Sweden. These groups also tend to write [[Swedish]] exclusively, refusing to write in [[Riksmål]].

==Administration==
===Government===
DESCRIPTION ON HOW THE SUB-NATIONAL ENTITIY IS GOVERNED

===Administrative Divisions===
Sweden is divided into 16 historical provinces, each ruled by their local councils. In alphabetical order the provinces are (council seats in brackets):

*[[Dal]] (Åmål)
*[[Dalarna]] (Hedemora)
*[[Gæstrikland]] (Gævle)
*[[Gotland]] (Visby)
*[[Hælsingland]] (Hudiksvall)
*[[Medelpad]] (Sundsvall)
*[[Nærke]] (Ørebro)
*[[Småland]] (Kalmar)
*[[Sødermanland]] (Nykjøping)
*[[Uppland]] (Uppsala)
*[[Wærmland]] (Karlstad)
*[[Wæstergøtland]] (Skara)
*[[Wæstmanland]] (Wæsterås)
*[[Ångermanland]] (Hærnøsand)
*[[Øland]] (Borgholm)
*[[Østergøtland]] (Linkjøping)

==History==
Archaelogical evidence garnered over the last 100 years has proved conclusively that the area now associated with Sweden was settled during the Stone Age, as the great ice sheets receded.  It is believed that the settlers were hunters and foragers, living off the land and sea.

Large trading communities seem to date from the 'Bronze Age', indicating a dense population and trading communities.

Viking culture later flourished in Sweden, trading, raiding and colonizing the Baltic, tending mostly to an easterly direction, invading what would become [[Finland]], [[Nassland]], [[Russia]], the [[Republic of the Two Crowns]], and even pushing up the rivers to raid [[Ukraine|Kiev]].  The english name of Sweden itself is believed to stem from an Old-English back-formation of a plural form of swede ''Sweoðeod''.

The first attempt at a Scandinavian union came when [[Denmark]], Sweden, and [[Norway]] electing the same monarch in the [[Kalmar Union]].  This personal union was difficult to maintain, as during the 15th century Sweden resisted attempts to a centralised Danish rule, escalating to armed rebellion, which resulted in the decimation of the union in 1523.  Gustavus Eriksen Vase, known as king Gustav I of Sweden, re-established separation of the Swedish Crown from the union. Keen on strengthening royal power as well as the Swedish state, he succeeded in the introduction of reformation, which introduced [[Lutheranism|Evangelic Lutheranism]] in Sweden (1527), and a constitutional reform, which changed the hitherto elective kingdom into a hereditary kingdom, him being the founder of the Vase Dynasty.

A strong state church based upon [[Lutheranism|Evangelic Lutheranism]] was created.  The strong state church, a weak and poor nobility, an influential class of free farmers and a strong King together would shape how Swedish society would develop in the 16th and 17th centuries.(2)

In the 1550s the state of the Livonian Order fell apart, facing a Russian invasion. While most of Livonia turned to the [[Republic of the Two Crowns]] for protection, the city of Reval and Northern Estonia accepted Swedish King Erik as their protector, an event which marked the begin of Swedish expansion in the Baltic region.  In 1617, an ongoing war with [[Russia]] was ended in the Peace of Stolbova, which added Ingria, including the area around future St. Petersburg, to the Swedish Realm. In 1621, the Swedes now took on the [[Republic of the Two Crowns]] and in 1621 conquered Riga and Livonia.  In 1645, Denmark-Norway attempted to invade and reclaim the Swedish crown in order to recreate the Kalmar Union, but only succeeded in losing the islands of Øsel and Gotland to Sweden. Sweden had established a DOMINIUM MARIS BALTICI BOREALIS, a Dominion of the (lands surrounding the) Northern (part of the) Baltic Sea(3).  Sweden even engaged in colonial policy as well. In 1637 the colony of [[New Sweden]] was established in America.  Sweden's neighbours grew restless with its bellicose behavior toward the other Baltic states. So in the beginning of the 18th century, Denmark-Norway, the Republic of the Two Crowns, and Russia together put an end to Sweden's aggressive behaviour by defeating it in the [[Great Nordic War]] (1699-1721). Charles XII died in battle in 1718, which left Sweden with a political vacuum. At the conclusion of the war in 1721, Sweden had to acknowledge the loss of her Baltic possessions to Russia. Sweden no longer was a great power, her situation being very precarious. 

With the death of Charles XII, there were several claimants to the Swedish throne. Ulrika Eleonora, Charles XII's sister, was payed homage as Queen by the estates. At the same time, a growing sense of ''scandinavism'' began circulating the elite and learned circles. Through the decease of the Swedish royal blood line, the way to a new union with Denmark-Norway was paved.  First, the last of the House of Vase(4), Queen Ulrika Eleonora, abdicated in 1720. She was then succeeded by her husband, Frederik, from the House of Hesse.  When it became clear that they would have no children, European powers tried to bribe the Swedish politicians to favour their respective candidates to the Swedish throne. While many politicians were favourable to the Danish-Norwegian candidate, which would have recreated the Kalmar Union already in 1751, Sweden's defeat in the Russo-Swedish War (1741-1743) made it more wise to choose the Russian candidate, Adolf Frederik, from the House of Holstein-Gottorp. The Holstein-Gottorps were, however, closely related to the Danish-Norwegian Oldenburg dynasty.  So in 1809, when the childless King Gustav IV was deemed unfit to take the throne and his rule was overthrown, the estates could choose between the Danish-Norwegian King Frederik VI or the childless Prince Karl, Gustav's uncle.  The decision was made to take Frederik as King, and finally unite Scandinavia once again. The new union became known as the [[Scandinavian Realm]].

New Sweden reacted by joining with the [[NAL-SLC|North American League]] about a decade later, rather than face perceived oppression at the hands of Denmark-Norway. New Sweden's greater independence within the Scandinavian Realm sparked similar movements by Qvenland and Finland, which reduced the size of Sweden further.

In 1863, the senior line of the House of Oldenburg went extinct with the death of King Frederik VII. Sweden's Statsråd (State Council) decided to continue to remain within the Scandinavian Realm by paying homage to the candidate elected by the Scandinavian Rigsråd (Realm Council), Christian IX, from the House of Glücksburg, which is a junior line of the House of Oldenburg.


NOTES:

(1) Sweden in its current form *there* is a lot smaller than *here*. Jamtland is part of Norway *there* and has never been part of Sweden. Similarly, Eastern Denmark (Scania, Halland, Blekinge, and Bornholm) is part of Denmark *there* and has never been a part of Sweden. The Samme (Lapp) and Qven (Bothnian) lands are no longer part of Sweden and have become a separate states of the Scandinavian Realm.

(2) Absolutism was never introduced in Sweden. Since the Thirty Years War never took place in IB, the Scanian Wars also never took place, and without those wars, absolutism would never have been introduced in Denmark-Norway, which inspired Sweden to do the same *here*. Instead, most of the political power has always remained with the council and the estates.

(3) Unlike *here*, Sweden in IB did not conquer lands in the southern shores of the Baltic Sea because the Thirty Years War never took place. Consequently, while Sweden did become a regional power in IB, it did not become a major European power like *here*.

(4) The House of Pfalz never came to the Swedish throne *there*. Since the Thirty Years War never took place in IB, King Gustav II Adolf Vase would not have fallen in a Battle of Lützen in 1632, leaving his only child and daughter Christina, who abdicated in 1654 in favour of her cousin, Karl Gustaf von Pfalz-Zweibruecken. Instead, the Vases would have continued ruling *there*, if we assume that King Gustav II Adolf Vase would have had a son. By assuming the same names of Scandinavian monarchs as *here*, his son would have been called Karl X Gustav.

==Geography==
===Borders===
{{PAGENAME}} is limited by:
North: [[Norway]], [[Samme]], [[Finland]].
West: [[Norway]].
South: [[Denmark]].
East: Baltic Sea, Bay of Bothnia.

==Economy==

While the forestry industry is a very large part of the Swedish economy, the swedes are also known for two lines of cars, Volvo and Saab, as well as their eco-friendly chain store, IKEA.

==Culture==
&lt;!--CULTURE OF THE SUB-NATIONAL ENTITY--&gt;

*Official Name (Riksmål): Kongedømmet Sverige
*Official Name (English): The Kingdom of Sweden
*Unofficial Name (Swedish): Kungariket Sverige
*Population: ca. 7 million 
*Capital: Stockholm
*Official language: [[Riksmål]]
*Other languages: [[Swedish]], Sami, Suomi
*Organizations: Commonwealth of the Scandinavian Realm

{{Scandinavian Realm}}

[[Category:Member states of the SR]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bohemian</title>
    <id>979</id>
    <revision>
      <id>19668</id>
      <timestamp>2005-11-18T13:04:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{Germanic}}

=== Description ===
'''Bohemian language''' or in abbreviation Bohemian (pémišna, Ta pémiš šprochna) is a Slavo-Germanic language spoken in [[Bohemia|Bohemian Kingdom]]. The language is basically German with Slavic/Czech superstrate.

The Great Master Plan on how German became Bohemian is described here [http://ark.wz.cz/ib/pemis_gmp.html].

=== External links ===
All information can be found here: http://ark.wz.cz/ib/pemis_sprochna.html

[[Category:Bohemia]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nations In Japanese</title>
    <id>980</id>
    <revision>
      <id>51664</id>
      <timestamp>2008-07-08T23:49:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Misterxeight</username>
        <id>192</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">= Names of Countries in IB-Japanese =

&quot;Compound&quot; means forms that are used in compounds, e.g., Nitxigan Yùdjò (&amp;#26085;&amp;#38593;&amp;#21451;&amp;#24773;) &quot;Japanese-Californian Friendship&quot;; Nitxi (&amp;#26085;) = Japan, Gan (&amp;#38593;) = California

*[[Afghanopakistan]]: Afuganopaquisutan (&amp;#12450;&amp;#12501;&amp;#12460;&amp;#12494;&amp;#12497;&amp;#12461;&amp;#12473;&amp;#12479;&amp;#12531;)
*[[Albania]] = Arubania (&amp;#12450;&amp;#12523;&amp;#12496;&amp;#12491;&amp;#12515;)
*[[Al-Basra]] = Alibasura (&amp;#12450;&amp;#12522;&amp;#12496;&amp;#12473;&amp;#12521;)
*[[Alta California]] = Xò-Caliguni (&amp;#19978;&amp;#38593;&amp;#22269;) or Xò-Califorunia (&amp;#19978;&amp;#12459;&amp;#12522;&amp;#12501;&amp;#12530;&amp;#12523;&amp;#12491;&amp;#12515; &lt;-- note: &amp;#12530; should be small, but I can't get it small on the wiki)
**Compound: Gan (&amp;#38593;)
*[[Alyaska]] = Seibei (&amp;#35199;&amp;#31859;) or Alasuka (&amp;#12450;&amp;#12522;&amp;#12515;&amp;#12473;&amp;#12459;)
*[[Andorra]] = Andora (&amp;#12450;&amp;#12531;&amp;#12489;&amp;#12521;)
*[[Aragon]] = Aragon (&amp;#20124;&amp;#32645;&amp;#35328; or &amp;#12450;&amp;#12521;&amp;#12468;&amp;#12531;)
**Compound: Ra (&amp;#32645;)
*Armenia = Arumenia (&amp;#12450;&amp;#12523;&amp;#12513;&amp;#12491;&amp;#12515;)
*Armorica = Arumorica (&amp;#12450;&amp;#12523;&amp;#12514;&amp;#12522;&amp;#12459;)
*[[Austria]] = Òsutolia (&amp;#22885;&amp;#22826;&amp;#21033;, &amp;#12458;&amp;#12454;&amp;#12473;&amp;#12488;&amp;#12522;&amp;#12450;)
**Compound: Ò (&amp;#22885;)
*[[Batavian Kingdom]] = Oranda Òcocu (&amp;#21644;&amp;#34349;&amp;#38464;&amp;#29579;&amp;#22269;) or Batabia Òcocu (&amp;#12496;&amp;#12479;&amp;#12499;&amp;#12450;&amp;#29579;&amp;#22269;)
**Compound: Ran (&amp;#34349;)
*Bedouin Free State = Bedowin Djiyùcocca (&amp;#12505;&amp;#12489;&amp;#12528;&amp;#12531;&amp;#33258;&amp;#30001;&amp;#22269;&amp;#23478;)
*Belarus = Hacuro (&amp;#30333;&amp;#38706;)
*Bengal = Beñgara (&amp;#12505;&amp;#12531;&amp;#12460;&amp;#12521;)
*[[Beihanguo]] = Peihañcuo (&amp;#21271;&amp;#28450;&amp;#22269;)
*Bhutan = Butan (&amp;#12502;&amp;#12479;&amp;#12531;)
*Brazil = Buradjiru (&amp;#12502;&amp;#12521;&amp;#12472;&amp;#12523;)
**Compound: Hacu (&amp;#20271;)
*Burma = Menden (&amp;#32236;&amp;#30008;)
**Compound: Men (&amp;#32236;)
*[[Canton]] = Canton (&amp;#24291;&amp;#26481;)
*[[Castile and Leon]] = Djòcacu to Xixi (&amp;#22478;&amp;#37101;&amp;#12392;&amp;#29509;&amp;#23376;)
**Compound: Djò (&amp;#22478;)
**Canary Islands: Canalo-xotò (&amp;#12459;&amp;#12490;&amp;#12522;&amp;#12519;&amp;#35576;&amp;#23798;)
**New Granada: Xiñguranada (&amp;#26032;&amp;#12464;&amp;#12521;&amp;#12490;&amp;#12480;)
**Central American Community: Txùbei-Quiòdòtai (&amp;#20013;&amp;#31859;&amp;#20849;&amp;#21516;&amp;#20307;)
**Western Sahara: Seisahara (&amp;#35199;&amp;#12469;&amp;#12495;&amp;#12521;)
**Castillian Spain: Djòdjòra (&amp;#22478;&amp;#22478;&amp;#32645;)
**Corregimiento de Manila: 
**Guam: Guamu (&amp;#12464;&amp;#12526;&amp;#12512;)
*Cham Kingdom: Txamu Òcocu (&amp;#12481;&amp;#12515;&amp;#12512;&amp;#29579;&amp;#22269;)
*Chile = Txire (&amp;#12481;&amp;#12524;)
*Chinese East Africa = Can-tò-afulica (&amp;#28450;&amp;#26481;&amp;#38463;&amp;#24343;&amp;#21033;&amp;#21152; or &amp;#28450;&amp;#26481;&amp;#12450;&amp;#12501;&amp;#12522;&amp;#12459;)
*Chukotka = Txucocca (&amp;#34523;&amp;#22269;&amp;#23478;)
**Compound: Txu (&amp;#34523;)
*Commonwealth of Nations = Cocca-Quiòdòtai (&amp;#22269;&amp;#23478;&amp;#20849;&amp;#21516;&amp;#20307;)
**Commonwealth of Australasia = Nanxù-Quiòdòtai (&amp;#21335;&amp;#24030;&amp;#20849;&amp;#21516;&amp;#20307;)
***Aotorea: Aotorea (&amp;#12450;&amp;#12458;&amp;#12488;&amp;#12524;&amp;#12450;)
**Cambrian Guyana = Queñguyana (&amp;#20581;&amp;#12464;&amp;#12516;&amp;#12490;)
**Cambrian Polynesia = Quentatò (&amp;#20581;&amp;#22810;&amp;#23798;)
**England = Eicocu (&amp;#33521;&amp;#22269;)
***Compound: Ei (&amp;#33521;)
**English Guyana = Eiguyana (&amp;#33521;&amp;#12464;&amp;#12516;&amp;#12490;)
**Fiji = Fidji (&amp;#12501;&amp;#12528;&amp;#12472;)
**Grand Fenwick = Daifenwiccu (&amp;#22823;&amp;#12501;&amp;#12529;&amp;#12531;&amp;#12528;&amp;#12483;&amp;#12463;)
**India = Indo (&amp;#21360;&amp;#24230;)
***Compound: In (&amp;#21360;)
**Kemr: Queñcocu (&amp;#20581;&amp;#22269;)
***Compound: Quen (&amp;#20581;)
**Madagascar: Madagasucaru (&amp;#12510;&amp;#12480;&amp;#12460;&amp;#12473;&amp;#12459;&amp;#12523;)
**Malta: Maruta (&amp;#12510;&amp;#12523;&amp;#12479;)
**North American League = Hocubeidòmei (&amp;#21271;&amp;#31859;&amp;#21516;&amp;#30431;)
***Compound: Bei (&amp;#31859;)
**Scotland: Soccocu (&amp;#24101;&amp;#22269;)
***Compound: Soçu, So- + gemination (&amp;#24101;)
**South Africa = Nañafulica (&amp;#21335;&amp;#38463;&amp;#24343;&amp;#21033;&amp;#21152; or &amp;#21335;&amp;#12450;&amp;#12501;&amp;#12522;&amp;#12459;)
*Croatia = Curoacia (&amp;#12463;&amp;#12525;&amp;#12450;&amp;#12484;&amp;#12528;&amp;#12450;)
*[[Dalmatia]] = Dalimacia (&amp;#12480;&amp;#12522;&amp;#12510;&amp;#12484;&amp;#12528;&amp;#12450;&amp;#12456;)
*Danzig = Dandjigu (&amp;#12480;&amp;#12531;&amp;#12472;&amp;#12464;)
*[[Deseret]] = Deseretto (&amp;#12487;&amp;#12475;&amp;#12524;&amp;#12483;&amp;#12488;)
*Egypt = Edjiputo (&amp;#22467;&amp;#21450; or &amp;#12456;&amp;#12472;&amp;#12503;&amp;#12488;)
**Compound: Ai (&amp;#22467;)
*Equador = Sequidò (&amp;#36196;&amp;#36947;)
*Eritrea = Elitorea (&amp;#12456;&amp;#12522;&amp;#12488;&amp;#12524;&amp;#12450;)
*Estonia = Esutonia (&amp;#12456;&amp;#12473;&amp;#12488;&amp;#12491;&amp;#12515;)
*Ethiopia = Etiopia (&amp;#12456;&amp;#12486;&amp;#12451;&amp;#12458;&amp;#12500;&amp;#12515;)
*Federated Kingdom = Reñòcocu (&amp;#36899;&amp;#29579;&amp;#22269;)
*Filipinas = Hitò (&amp;#27604;&amp;#23798;)
**Compound: Hi (&amp;#27604;)
*[[Florida-Caribbea]] = Ca-Calibea (&amp;#33457;&amp;#12459;&amp;#12522;&amp;#12505;&amp;#12450;) or Cacocu (&amp;#33457;&amp;#22269;) or Furolida-Calibea (&amp;#12501;&amp;#12525;&amp;#12522;&amp;#12480;&amp;#12539;&amp;#12459;&amp;#12522;&amp;#12505;&amp;#12450;)
**Compound: Ca (&amp;#33457;)
**Aruba = Aruba (&amp;#12450;&amp;#12523;&amp;#12496;)
**Anguila = Añguira (&amp;#12450;&amp;#12531;&amp;#12462;&amp;#12521;)
**Bahamas = Bahama (&amp;#12496;&amp;#12495;&amp;#12510;)
**Batavian Antilles = Rañantire (&amp;#34349;&amp;#12450;&amp;#12531;&amp;#12486;&amp;#12451;&amp;#12524;)
**Cruzan Islands = Curuxxotò (&amp;#12463;&amp;#12523;&amp;#12483;&amp;#35576;&amp;#23798;)
**Cuba = Cuba (&amp;#12463;&amp;#12496;)
**Florida = Cacocu (&amp;#33457;&amp;#22269;) or Furolida (&amp;#12501;&amp;#12525;&amp;#12522;&amp;#12480;)
**Guadeloupe = Guaderupe (&amp;#12464;&amp;#12526;&amp;#12487;&amp;#12523;&amp;#12506;)
**Hispañola = Isupaniora (&amp;#12452;&amp;#12473;&amp;#12497;&amp;#12491;&amp;#12519;&amp;#12521;)
**Jamaica = Djameeca (&amp;#12472;&amp;#12515;&amp;#12513;&amp;#12540;&amp;#12459;)
**Martinique = Maatiniccu (&amp;#12510;&amp;#12540;&amp;#12486;&amp;#12451;&amp;#12491;&amp;#12483;&amp;#12463;)
**Porto Rico = Fùcò (&amp;#23500;&amp;#28207;)
**Saint Kitts = Seiquitçu (&amp;#32854;&amp;#12461;&amp;#12483;&amp;#12484;)
**Tobago = Tobago (&amp;#12488;&amp;#12496;&amp;#12468;)
*[[France]] = Fuccocu (&amp;#20175;&amp;#22269;)
**Compound: Fuçu (&amp;#20175;)
**Francie = Furanxi (&amp;#12501;&amp;#12521;&amp;#12531;&amp;#12471;)
**Gaulhe = Gooyu (&amp;#12468;&amp;#12540;&amp;#12518;)
**Bretagne = Buretania (&amp;#12502;&amp;#12524;&amp;#12479;&amp;#12491;&amp;#12515;)
*French Guyana = Fuçuguyana (&amp;#20175;&amp;#12464;&amp;#12516;&amp;#12490;)
*French Guinea = Fuçuguinea (&amp;#20175;&amp;#12462;&amp;#12493;&amp;#12450;)
*Fujian Taiwan and Hainan = Fucutaicai (&amp;#31119;&amp;#21488;&amp;#28023;)
*Gabon = Gabon (&amp;#12460;&amp;#12508;&amp;#12531;)
*Georgia = Gurudjia (&amp;#12464;&amp;#12523;&amp;#12472;&amp;#12450;)
*Germany = Doiçu (&amp;#29420;&amp;#36920;); Holy Roman Empire = Xinsei Ròma Teicocu (&amp;#31070;&amp;#32854;&amp;#32645;&amp;#39340;&amp;#24093;&amp;#22269;); German Union = Docuremmei (&amp;#29420;&amp;#36899;&amp;#30431;)
**Compound: Docu (&amp;#29420;)
**Anhalt = Anharuto (&amp;#12450;&amp;#12531;&amp;#12495;&amp;#12523;&amp;#12488;)
**Baden = Baden (&amp;#12496;&amp;#12487;&amp;#12531;)
**Bavaria = Babala (&amp;#12496;&amp;#12496;&amp;#12522;&amp;#12515;)
**Braunschweig = Buraunxuwaigu (&amp;#12502;&amp;#12521;&amp;#12454;&amp;#12531;&amp;#12471;&amp;#12517;&amp;#12527;&amp;#12452;&amp;#12464;)
**Bremen = Buremen (&amp;#12502;&amp;#12524;&amp;#12513;&amp;#12531;)
**Hamborg = Hamborugu (&amp;#12495;&amp;#12531;&amp;#12508;&amp;#12523;&amp;#12464;)
**Hannover = Hannoba (&amp;#12495;&amp;#12531;&amp;#12494;&amp;#12458;&amp;#12496;)
**Hessen = Hessen (&amp;#12504;&amp;#12483;&amp;#12475;&amp;#12531;)
**Lippe = Lippa (&amp;#12522;&amp;#12483;&amp;#12497;)
**Lübeck = Libeccu (&amp;#12522;&amp;#12505;&amp;#12483;&amp;#12463;)
**Luxemburg = Ruccusemburugu (&amp;#12523;&amp;#12483;&amp;#12463;&amp;#12475;&amp;#12531;&amp;#12502;&amp;#12523;&amp;#12464;)
*Gold Coast = Quiñgan (&amp;#37329;&amp;#23736;)
*Greece = Guirixa ギリシャ
*Hunan = Conan (&amp;#28246;&amp;#21335;)
*Hungary = Fuñguría (&amp;#12501;&amp;#12531;&amp;#12464;&amp;#12522;&amp;#12450;)
**Compound: Cò (&amp;#27946;)
*Japan = Nippon (&amp;#26085;&amp;#26412;)
**Compound: Nitxi (&amp;#26085;)
**Yamato = Yamato (&amp;#22823;&amp;#21644;)
***Compound: Wa (&amp;#21644;)
**Corea = Txòsen-Òcocu (&amp;#26397;&amp;#39854;&amp;#29579;&amp;#22269;)
***Compound: Sen (&amp;#39854;)
**Ezo = Ezo (&amp;#34662;&amp;#22839;)
***Compound: Ebi (&amp;#34662;)
**Lùquiù = Lùquiù (&amp;#29705;&amp;#29699;)
***Compound: Lù (&amp;#29705;)
**Meidji-dò = Meidji-dò (&amp;#26126;&amp;#27835;&amp;#36947;)
***Compound: Mei (&amp;#26126;)
*Judea = Yudaya (&amp;#12518;&amp;#12480;&amp;#12516; or &amp;#29494;&amp;#22826;)
**Compound: Yuu (&amp;#29494;)
*Kanawiki = Canawiqui (&amp;#37329;&amp;#22495;)
**Compound: Quin (&amp;#37329;)
*[[Louisianne]]: Ruijian (&amp;#39006;&amp;#23546;&amp;#23433;)
**Compound: Rui (&amp;#39006;)
*[[Mejico]] = Mehico (&amp;#32654;&amp;#24422;)
**Compound: Guen (&amp;#24422;)
*Micronesian Confederation = Xòtò Rempò (&amp;#23567;&amp;#23798;&amp;#32879;&amp;#37030;)
*[[Mongolia]] = Mòco (&amp;#33945;&amp;#21476;)
**Compound: Mò (&amp;#33945;)
*Montrei = Òzan (&amp;#29579;&amp;#23665;) or Montorei (&amp;#12514;&amp;#12531;&amp;#12488;&amp;#12524;&amp;#12452;)
*[[Nam Viet]] = Nañeçu (&amp;#21335;&amp;#36234;)
**Compound: Eçu (&amp;#36234;)
*Nanchang = Nanxò (&amp;#21335;&amp;#26124;)
*Nanhanguo = Nañcañguo (&amp;#21335;&amp;#28450;&amp;#22269;)
*[[Nouvelle-Francie]] = Xim-Furanxi (&amp;#26032;&amp;#12501;&amp;#12521;&amp;#12531;&amp;#12471;) or Xim-Fuccocu (&amp;#26032;&amp;#20175;&amp;#22269;)
*Papal States = Hòò-cocca (&amp;#27861;&amp;#29579;&amp;#22269;&amp;#23478;)
*Portugal = Porutogaru (&amp;#33889;&amp;#33796;&amp;#29273;)
**Compound: Pu (&amp;#33889;)
*Republic of the Two Crowns = Cammuli Futacaxira Quiòwacocu (&amp;#20896;&amp;#20108;&amp;#38957;&amp;#20849;&amp;#21644;&amp;#22269;)
*Russia = Rococu (&amp;#38706;&amp;#22269; or &amp;#39791;&amp;#22269;)
*Scandinavian Realm = Hocúò Cocudo (&amp;#21271;&amp;#27431;&amp;#22269;&amp;#22303;) or Hocuò Rempò  (&amp;#21271;&amp;#27431;&amp;#36899;&amp;#37030;)
**Denmark = Djimmàka (&amp;#19969;&amp;#25273;)
***Compound: Maçu (&amp;#25273;)
**Finland = Finranda (&amp;#33452;&amp;#34349;)
***Compound: Fun (&amp;#33452;)
**Greenland = Locutò (&amp;#32209;&amp;#23798;)
**Iceland = Hiòtò (&amp;#27703;&amp;#23798;)
**New Iceland = Xinpiòtò (&amp;#26032;&amp;#27703;&amp;#23798;)
**New Sweden = Xinsuèden (&amp;#26032;&amp;#29790;&amp;#20856;)
**[[Sweden]] = Suèden (&amp;#29790;&amp;#20856;)
***Compound: Suì (&amp;#29790;)
**Tjingdav = Txintò (&amp;#38738;&amp;#23798;)
*Shanghai = Xanhai (&amp;#19978;&amp;#28023;)
*Slevania: &amp;#12473;&amp;#12522;&amp;#12535;&amp;#12491;&amp;#12515;
  Or whatever Forest-dweller-country becomes! :)
*[[Tejas]] = Tehasu (&amp;#25163;&amp;#34030; or &amp;#12486;&amp;#12495;&amp;#12473;)
**Compound: Xu (&amp;#25163;)
*[[Tibet]] = Txibetto (&amp;#35199;&amp;#34101;)
*Turkey = Toruco (&amp;#12488;&amp;#12523;&amp;#12467;) or Dococu (&amp;#22303;&amp;#22269;)
**Compound: Do (&amp;#22303;)
*Two Sicilies = Xixila Nicacocu (&amp;#12471;&amp;#12471;&amp;#12522;&amp;#12515;&amp;#20108;&amp;#12534;&amp;#22269;)
*[[Yemen]] = Emen (&amp;#12456;&amp;#12513;&amp;#12531;)
*[[Xliponia]] = Xiriponia (&amp;#12471;&amp;#12522;&amp;#12509;&amp;#12491;&amp;#12450;)
**Compound: Xi (&amp;#26045;)
*Zhuangguo = Sòcocu (&amp;#22766;&amp;#22269;)


[[Category:Japan]]

= Regions =
*China (all of former Chinese Empire) = Xina (&amp;#25903;&amp;#37027;)
*Europe = Òxù (&amp;#27431;&amp;#24030;)
*Iberia = Djòrapu (&amp;#22478;&amp;#32645;&amp;#33889;)
*Spain = Djòra (&amp;#22478;&amp;#32645;)

= Terms =
*Condominium: Quiòseifu (&amp;#20849;&amp;#25919;&amp;#24220;)
[[Category:Language]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Meiji-go</title>
    <id>981</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31956</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-01T05:10:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Meiji-go''' (明治語) is a [[Japanese]] creole spoken in [[Meidji-dò]].  It exhibits significant influence from [[Montreiano]] and Castillian, the languages of Meidji-dò's neighbors, [[Alta California]] and [[Montrei]].  Some of the characteristics of the language:

==Phonology==
*De-affrication of /dZ/ (hence &lt;i&gt;j&lt;/i&gt; romanization in name)
*Palatized /h/ becomes /S/
*H pronounced as /x/
*F is labiodental
*U and O are fully rounded
*E preceded by a vowel or word initial pronounced /je/
*Voiced stops have affricate allophones
*Gemination lost?
*Moraic n (ん) becomes non-moraic; no distinction between moraic n + vowel or y and moraic n + n (thus, &quot;tonight&quot; is written ''connia'' (こんにゃ) rather than ''coñia'' (こんや)
*R is pronounced as a simple alveolar tap (in all instances, no [l] allophone)
*/l/ exists in borrowings from Castilian and Montreiano (written as r-series with maru - many early borrowings of /l/ will fluctuate between r and l)
*De-voicing (or, in some instances, loss) of certain instances of /u/ and /i/:
**After a voiceless fricative or affricate (s, f, ç, tx), r, or l which is preceded by a vowel and either word-final or followed by a voiceless consonant (thus, hanas &lt; hanasu), after /s/, /f/, or /l/ is almost always completely silent, after r more often simply voiceless (Alta Calforunia) (in kana, little ''i'' or ''u'' is used when the vowel is actually pronounced)
**Between a voiceless stop and r or l (kuroi -&gt; croi (generally pronounced with voiceless /u/))
*Certain vowel sequences (ai, au, oi, eu) pronounced as diphthongs (one mora), generally written in kana with a &lt;i&gt;small&lt;/i&gt; i or u (thus, くろぃ for kroi)
*Merger of ee and ei as /ej/ (one mora)
*Long o pronounced as /ow/ (one mora)
*Use of stress accent, generally on penultimate syllable (however, long a, i, or u tends to attract stress)
*Some speakers have developed a more radical vowel alteration:
**E and O are /E/ and /O/
**Short /i/ and /u/ become /e/ and /o/
**Long /i/ and /u/ are shortened to /i/ and /u/
**Short /a/ merges with /O/
**Long /a/ becomes short
**Thus, these speakers have completely lost the vowel length in Japanese.

==Vocabulary==
*Large number of Castillian and Montreiano loans.  Tendency to mix Japanese and Castillian/Montreiano words

==Grammar==
===Nouns and adjectives===
*Use of -tatx as a simple plural (from -tatxi)
*Introduction of definite article &lt;i&gt;an&lt;/i&gt; (derived from &lt;i&gt;ano&lt;/i&gt;), becomes an n- before vowels (''otoco'' &quot;man&quot;, &lt;i&gt;an n-otoco&lt;/i&gt; &quot;the man&quot;, but ''xoujo'' &quot;girl&quot;, ''an xoujo'' &quot;the girl&quot;) (''ano'' remains for &quot;that&quot;)
*Use of &quot;one&quot; as an indefinite article
*Drastic simplification of counter system (to just -nin, -hiqui, -çu)
*Loss of adjective inflections, i-adjectives treated much like na-adjectives in Standard Japanese
*-cu used as adverb inflection, tacked on to na-adjectives (thus, -nacu)

===Verbs===
*Loss of respectful speech forms (perception in Japan proper of rudeness)
*Simplification of verbal inflections (loss of 1st, 4th and 5th bases)
*Bare 2nd base used as imperative (e.g., ''tabe'' instead of ''tabero'', ''iqui'' instead of ''ique'')
*Splitting of stem and auxilary
*Auxilaries ''pre''posed (some older speakers retain postposed auxilaries)
*Development of future tense (V2 + -nicu, from V2 + ni icu, modelled on Spanish ''ir a'')
*Division between simple past (-ta) and perfect (past + kotar &lt; koto ga aru; kotar sometimes preposed)
*Simplification of past inflection to V2 + -ta
*Progressive form likewise simplified
*Loss of -tara, -tari, -ba, etc (''if'' indicated by invariant ''mox'')
*Loss of negative inflections, use of pre- or post-posed ''nai'' as an invariant negative marker (older speakers generally postpose, younger speakers prepose)
*Passive formed by sareru followed by V2 (e.g., sarer tabe instead of taberareru)
*Causative marked by saseru followed by V2
*Some speakers have lost the third base (dictionary form), using V2 as the ''only'' form
*''Des'' treated as copula, inflected as regular verb
*''-maxou'' used for &quot;Let's&quot; (these two being the sole survivors of the polite forms in Standard Japanese)

===Particles and adpositions===
*''no'', ''wa'', ''ni'', ''wo'' treated as suffixes (usually, but see below; also, does not affect position of stress)
*''to'' used for &quot;and&quot;
*''cara'' preposed (''Otoco wa Nippon cara Meidji-dò ni itta'' -&gt; ''An n-otócowa cara nippon Meijí-douni iquita'' or ...''nonacaye Meiji-dou iquita'')
*''ga'' retained only in a few set phrases
*''wa'' is now a simple marker of subject, increasingly often dropped
*Reversal of possessor-possessed, except with pronouns (''ano hito no ie'' -&gt; ''an casa ano xítono'', that man's house; using Hispanic loan-word ''casa'')
*Postpositional phrases become prepositional, ''no'' often becomes reanalyzed as part of preposition (e.g., ''ie no naca ni'' -&gt; ''nonacani an casa'', inside the house)
*Younger speakers often use ''cara'' to indicate posession (''an casa cara an n-otoco'' instead of ''an casa an n-otócono'')
*''Ni'' often replaced by ''nonacaye'' (for movement or dative) or ''nonacani'' (for location) (see example above with ''cara'')

===Syntax===
*Verbs are still generally sentence-final, but post-posing of objects does occur, especially in younger speakers.

==Orthography==
*Generally written in Roman letters within Meidji-dò itself.

[[Category:Japan]]
[[Category:Language]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Meidji-dò</title>
    <id>982</id>
    <revision>
      <id>58893</id>
      <timestamp>2009-04-11T01:42:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Misterxeight</username>
        <id>192</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Culture */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{nation infobox}}
|+&lt;big&gt;'''明治道&lt;br&gt;Meidji-dò'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|colspan=2 align=center|[[Image:Meidji-do.png]]
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;Motto: Where Russia Melts into Japan&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|'''Official Languages'''||[[Japanese]], [[Meiji-go]] [[Montreiano]], Castilian
|-
|'''Capital'''||Meidji City (明治市)
|-
|'''Government Type'''||[[Condominium]]
|-
|Partners||Emperor or Regent of Japan and [[Alta California]]
|-
|'''Proprietors'''||[[Maco, Princess Masaxi]]&lt;br&gt;Arnoldo Schwarzenegger
|-
|'''Chief Administrator'''||[[Cuscobu Alberuto]]
|-
|'''[[Currency|Currencies]]'''||Montreiano aulón&lt;br&gt;Alta California peso&lt;br&gt;Japanese lò&lt;br&gt;Meidji-dò yen
|}

'''Meidji-dò''' (明治道), also known as '''Meidji Colony''' (明治植民地, Meidji-xocumintxi) is a [[condominium]] between the Emperor of [[Japan]] and the government of [[Alta California]], roughly 50 square miles in size, near the northern border of [[Montrei]].  The territory was originally inhabited by the [[Kashaya]]. The colony consists primarily of a city known as Meidji City (明治市, named after [[Emperor Meidji]]) and surrounding area.  Within the city is a small trading center called Roshiya or Roxía (ロシア), originally known as Ft. Rossiya.

== History ==
=== Russo-Castilian ===
The colony got its start in 1812, with the founding of Ft. Rossiya by [[Russia]]n fur traders.  At the time, sea otter pelts were a *very* lucrative trade, used extensively in the courts of Japan, [[China]], and Russia.  Russia approached [[Castile and Leon]] with an offer to share the profits in the fur trade if they would allow them to build a trading outpost somewhere along the northern shore of Alta California, which C-L owned at the time.  Not wanting it to be too close to their provincial capital which was at the time Monterey (in modern-day Montrei, at the time part of the same province as Alta California), but wanting it close enough, they offered land near the northern cities of Santa Rosa and San Francisco, which offered easy access to keep an eye on the Russians (whom they did not trust fully).  They also were not willing to fully give up the land to Russia, and Russia saw the opportunity for trade with Castile and Leon from AC, as well as the chance for access to more sea otter pelts too good to pass up, so an agreement was reached in which it would become a condominium.

The Russians chose an area of coastal bluffs 10 miles north of the river the Russians called &quot;Slavianka&quot; (Still named so today; Montreianos had no name for it, though it forms their northern Boundary) 

[[Ivan Kuskov]] had thought the site was good for farming, but the Russians found it to be difficult to grow good crops there, so they offered increased profits from their sea otter pelt revenues, if Castile and Leon would allow Russian traders to set up farms on the protected sides of the hills behind Ft. Ross in the small valleys. The Russians also offered trade of other Russian products in exchange for crops not easily grown in their own small farms (such as citrus which do not grow well along the foggy coast).  Such a deal was too good to pass up.

=== Russo-Mejican Period ===
The colony had good times and bad times. During the [[Mejico|Mejican]] Period (1828 - 1840's), Ft. Rossiya was nearly forgotten, trading extensively with AC, which began showing signs of rebellion from Mejico, as Mejico began to forget about AC as well. This lead to great dissatisfaction and unrest among Californios, who always saw themselves as distinct from Mejico (they saw Mejicans as foreigners who meddle in their affairs, and understand little of their culture).  They also saw Mejico as always treating Alta California as a burden rather than a part of &quot;their&quot; nation.  

Mejico threatened to burn Rossiya to the ground if they continued trading with AC, and threatened to sink the ships that would sail down to Monterey for provisions.  The Russians in turn threatened total suspension of trade, and war had Mejico done anything.  Mejico very smartly decided to leave Rossiya alone and allow them to continue trade with AC. 

=== Russo-AC Period ===
When AC gained its independence from Mejico in 1845, Russia established AC as its prime trading partner in former Castile and Leonian territories, as Russian trade ships did not want to sail all the way to Acapulco for minimal trade deals.  AC, which had not begun trade with many of the big nations began a primary trade relationship with Russia, and allowed them to extend their colony down to the Slavianka river and about as far inland as our Healdsburg. The Russians gladly agreed although they never extended their settlements far from Rossiya (the land here is hilly and along the coast rugged). 

3 years after AC gained independence, Montrei gained theirs, and set out to establish relationships with other nations along the west coast.  Russia supported AC, and refused deals with Montrei (officially declaring it a rogue nation at first).  [[Japan]], who had been isolated from the West was eyed as a potential candiate, and Montreiano ships sailed into Japan. 

The Japanese were at first reluctant, but Montrei offered an economic foot in the door for Japan along the west coast, offering natural materials that Japan had scarce supplies (metals, minerals, etc.).  They also offered up mining deals with Japan with the gold that had been recently discovered in 1849 near the eastern border of Montrei (part of which funded the building of Montreiano naval ships).  Such a deal was too good to pass up, and the xògun opened Japan up to Western nations.

=== Japanese-AC Period ===
In 1905 Japan warred with Russia, winning, and of course taking its posessions, one of which was Rossiya.  AC who at the time had not had strong ties with Japan, decided that trying to wrestle back Rossiya would not be a very good idea, as Japan was at this time stronger than AC was militarily (as AC had been fighting [[Tejas]] since the 1840's). They decided to offer a new [[condominium]]ship with Japan, in exchange for trade once conducted with Russia.  Japan saw an opportunity to establish an overseas colony south of [[Alyaska]], and began to send colonists to Rossiya, renaming it Meidji-dò, with its capital Meidji-xi (and renaming the river Slavianka &quot;Sulabíanca&quot;). They gained all of the land offered to Russia formerly, and began to expand out into the surrounding lands (Japan did not need to set up a colony in Montrei, as Montrei was open to allowing Japanese citizens to &quot;set up shop&quot; in Montrei in general, rather than keeping them confined to one enclave).  Traders continued to use the name ''Rossiya'', and so eventually the name officially reverted to Roxía for the trade center (but Meidji-xi continued to be the name of the city, and Meidji-dò for the colony)

Meidji-dò began to prosper, as Japanese ships sailed between AC and Japan, using [[Kanawiki]] as the central pacific stopping point.  Japan designated Roxía as its exclusive western North American Port (being far more central on the western North American coast than Alyaska), where goods from Japan are dropped off, and goods heading towards Japan are loaded onto ships there as well (they do head to ports further south and further north though, Roxía is simply the port they head to first).  

Since 1905, Meidji-dò has grown into a small colony with the Meidji-xi being the main populated area, and smaller towns scattered about its territory. 

== Economy ==
Trade has made Roshiya wealthy, and a very popular tourist destination for Japanese, Alta Californians, and Montreianos alike.  Tourism is now the main draw here, as the Japanese kept the original Russian buildings, but built Japanese-style buildings, and a temple there as well. One of the principal families descends from [[Ivan Kuskov]], and is known either by the Russian name, or by the Japanese variant &quot;Cusucobu&quot;. 

Russian tourists are not keen to visit Roxía as it is a big reminder of what Russia lost in the war of 1905.  Some Russians call for the return of Roxía back to Russia, but the town has had so much Japanese Influence, that even Ivan Kuskov's descendants no longer consider themselves principally Russian, and relate more to Japanese culture. The people of Roxía would not want to be returned to Russia anyway,as it's rife with corruption and out of touch with their affairs anyway. 

The Fort and the town now:

Father Mariano Payeras said of it in 1822: 

&quot;The fort is situated arop a mesa which is surrounded by ravines which abut the sea. It is constructed of Redwood planks (there is no other wood used in any of the structures) and forms a palisade.  It is four varas high, uniformly, and is surmounted by a beam set with pointed stakes intended to dissuade any assault. It has three gates: one to the northeast, one to the west, and one to the southeast&quot;

Lieutenant Mariano Vallejo to governor Figueroa said in 1833: &quot;its walls form a quadrangle of exactly 100 varas squared&quot; 

The fort was constructed entirely out of redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) which is the most common timber tree of the area.  The quadrangle contained a church, commander's house, two warehouses, a supply warehouse, barracks, and three officials' houses. These buildings are all of the log cabin style that the Russians used in Siberia and [[Alyaska]].

This is still in existence in Roxía, which the Japanese kept to show off both its Russian history and  as a way to mock those Russians who still haven't accepted Russia's defeat in 1905.  All other buildings are of Japanese design.

== Culture ==
The town that has sprung up looks just as if it had been taken right from Japan itself. AC cultural influence is fairly weak, so the Japanese never went with their style of building (also because Japanese builders weren't familiar with it).  It has kind of a &quot;Japanese cultural park&quot; feel to it, but it isn't a park, people do live and work in Roshiya.  It isn't a cultural Disneyland.

The people of Meidji-dò speak either Japanese, Montreiano, or Spanish (Montreiano is important because of proximity to Montrei).  Very, very few families still speak Russian.  Most of those in Meidji-dò are of Japanese descent, but a few are of Russian/[[Kashaya]] (a local tribe related to the Pomo) ancestry (they're the ones who tend to speak Russian still), or Russo-Japanese ancestry, and a few families are Japanese-AC ancestry.  The Japanese in Meidji-dò aren't as into keeping their ancestry pure as they might be if this were in [[Japan]].

Religion wise the Russian/Kashaya, or Russo-Japanese families still practice the Russian Orthodox version of Christianity.  Some of them alternate with Japanese [[Buddhism]]/[[Xintò]] or [[Zesucutò]] practices.  Those whose families are of AC ancestry tend to be Roman Catholic, or Buddhist/Xinto/Zesucutò.  The old Russian Chapel exists, a new Roman Catholic church is nearby, and not too far from those churches is the ground of a Buddhist Temple. 

Entrance into and exiting out of Roxía is heavily controlled.  A high wall was erected around the main town area of Roxía, which is more to protect the interests of traders than anything else. The walled-in area is roughly the area of the port itself, and is where all trading activities occur. Most businesses are within this area, and most of the housing is outside of it. Citizens of Alta California, Japan, Montreiano, and anyone belonging to the North Pacific League are allowed to pass freely through the gates surrounding the walled-in sections. 

Anyone not a citizen of these nations ([[Tejas]], Mejico, [[NAL]], etc.) are only allowed within certain heavily guarded areas of Roxía, which is surrounded by an imposing iron fence,  namely the touristy entertainment districts.  Two week long passes are granted to those who apply, however.  They allow a similar freedom for Non NPL Members to pass through into any part of Roxía.  Although, these passes are only issued to those conducting business.  Tourists are not allowed these passes.

There's no reason anyone not on business would want to leave the touristy entertainment district anyway, except maybe to visit the Buddhist temple, the old Russian Orthodox chapel, or the catholic church. The residential areas of Meidji-xi really are not that exciting or interesting to most tourists anyway.

The Slogan in Meidji-dò is &quot;Where Russia Melts into Japan&quot;, meaning vestiges of its Russian past remain, such as the old fort buildings, but Japanese culture predominates. It also has a bit of a mocking tone.

The old palisade has been repaired and reconstructed quite a few times. It still stands, and part of the wall that protects the trade areas seems to help protect it as well. The wall that has been built makes the interior of Roshiya look like a much more imposing fort. These walls also have watch towers, and the entire structure looks much like the protective walls of Japanese castles. 

The Entertainment and Tourist district is called Meteni (The old name of the site). You can get the best Japanese food in all of AC here.

Meidji-dò, outside of Roshiya, uses the [[Meidjirequi]].

== Government ==
The President of Alta California (currently Arnoldo Schwartzenegger) and the Emperor of Japan share the position of Head of State.  Local matters are largely under the control of an elected Assembly which chooses a Chief Administrator for a 4-year term, subject to the consent of the Proprietors, who also possess veto power over all acts of the Assembly.

{{Japan}}

[[Category:Nations in North America]]
[[Category:Japan]]
[[Category:Alta California]]
[[Category:Condominium]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Scandinavian Realm</title>
    <id>983</id>
    <revision>
      <id>53013</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-04T14:53:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zahir</username>
        <id>35</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=Det Skandinaviske (Oldenborgiske) Riksfællegsskap&lt;br&gt;The Commonwealth of the Scandinavian (Oldenburg) Realm}}
{{shortname infobox|vernacular=Riksfællegsskapet|english=The Scandinavian Realm}} 
{{image infobox|file=Srflag.gif|caption=State flag of {{PAGENAME}} }}
{{motto infobox|motto=&quot;Rikets Styrke med Guds Hjælp og Folkets Kjærlighet&quot;&lt;br&gt;&quot;The Strength of the Realm with God's Help and the Love of the People&quot;}}
{{lang2 infobox|official='''[[Riksmål]]''', Bengali, Finnish, Gadangme, German, Greenlandic, Icelandic, Mandarin, Mon, Negerhollands (Cruzan), Qvenish, Same, Tamil, Thai|others=Low Saxon, North Frisian, East Frisian, Føtish, Akan, Ewe, Balante, Nicobarese languages, Andamanese languages, Karen, Malay}}
{{cities2 infobox|capital=Administrative: [[Gøteborg]]&lt;br&gt;Royal: [[Køpenhavn]]|other=Akra, Bolama, Charlotte Amalie (destroyed by atomic blast in 2004), Christiania, Kiel, Lybæk, Martaban, Stockholm, Xrirampur}}
{{ruler infobox|title=Archqueen|name=Her Majesty Margrethe II}}
{{ruler infobox|title=Chancellor|name=Åge Ovesen Høgh-Guldberg (Høgre Party)}}
{{area infobox|area=AREA}}
{{population infobox|population=35 million|adjective=Scandinavians}}
{{currency infobox|currency=Riksdaler SI (Specie) = (subdivisions vary between SR states).}}
{{close infobox}}
= General Facts =
[[Image:Srterr.jpg|thumb|A map of the Scandinavian Realm]]
*Major (State-recognized) Religions: Evangelic Lutheran (official), Buddhism, Hinduism, Roman Catholicism, Æsetro.

= Description =
&lt;b&gt;Det Skandinaviske Riksfællegsskap&lt;/b&gt; (the Commonwealth of the Scandinavian Realm, henceforth the SR) is a multi-national state composed of independent national states in personal union with the Oldenburg monarchy residing in [[Køpenhavn]] (Copenhagen), Denmark. The national states include the Scandinavian countries and their former colonies and protectorates:

*[[Denmark]]
*[[Sweden]]
*[[Norway]]
*[[Finland]]
*[[Samme]]
*[[Schleswig-Holstein]]
*[[Oldenburg]]
*[[Rygen]]
*[[Lybæk]]
*[[Faeroe Islands]]
*[[Iceland]]
*[[Greenland]]
*[[New Sweden]]
*[[New Iceland]]
*[[Gadangmeland]]
*[[Gebaland]]
*[[Cruzan Islands]]
*[[Tranquebar]]
*[[Frederiksnagore]]
*[[Nicobar Islands]]
*[[Andaman Islands]]
*[[Monland]]
*[[Tenasserim]]
*[[Tsingdav]]

These are all independent states today but are in free association with the Riksråd (the multi-national SR government) based in [[Gøteborg]], [[Rikshovedstadsområde]]. Oldenburg, Holstein, and Lybæk are also members of the [[Germany|Holy Roman Empire]]. Similarly, New Sweden and New Iceland are also members of the [[North American League]].

In addition to member states, there are also member territories. These
are tracts of land and/or water under the jurisdiction of the SR
government, but do not form a national state on its own. There is one
[[Rikshovedstadsområde|realm capital territory]] and three dependencies:

*[[Rikshovedstadsområde]]
*[[North Atlantic Dependency]]
*[[South Atlantic Dependency]]
*[[Antarctic Dependency]]

= The Dannebrog Ensigns =
Officially, the SR does not have any flag, but only official ensigns and banners. However, for all practical purposes, these can be regarded as flags. Thus, the flag of the SR is the Dannebrog ensign and banner, which is the oldest in continuous use by any state in the world.

Legend has it that the Dannebrog fell from heaven during the Battle of Reval (modern day Tallinn in Estonia), in 1219, when the Danes were engaged in a crusade against heathens along the Baltic coasts. Historians, however, claim that it is likely derived from old crusader banners of the time. Whatever its exact origins, it was subsequently adopted by the Kingdom of Denmark as its banner. It later became the banner of the Kalmar Union after Archking Eric of Pomerania's unsuccessful attempt to introduce a new Nordic flag (yellow with red cross) in 1430. When Sweden left the union in 1523, Denmark-Norway continued using the Dannebrog, seeing itself as the legitimate continuation of the Kalmar Union, while Sweden-Qvenland-Finland adopted another flag modelled on the Dannebrog - a blue banner with a yellow cross. When Denmark-Norway and Sweden-Qvenland-Finland united to form the Scandinavian Realm in 1809, the Dannebrog once again became the banner of a united Scandinavia.

The name &quot;Dannebrog&quot; means &quot;tanned cloth&quot; (i.e. &quot;red cloth&quot;). [Note: It does not mean &quot;Danish cloth&quot; as it does *here*]. The Dannebrog is red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the flag. Originally, the Dannebrog was a square banner. The square Dannebrog is still used on land as the basis for regimental banners by the army. But for use at sea as an ensign the fly was lengthened such that the vertical part of the cross is shifted towards the hoist side. This was done for visual as well as practical reasons.

Originally, the Dannebrog symbolized the king, and all the ships that flew the Dannebrog was owned by him. However, in the 17th century, it became so popular that even private vessels flew it too. So an ordinance was passed allowing privately owned vessels to fly the square Dannebrog, and His Majesty's Ships to fly the swallow-tail Dannebrog. The former became the civil ensign used by the marine and other civilian vessels, and the latter became the state ensign used by the navy and government installations. By the time the Scandinavian Realm was formed in 1809, the Dannebrog symbolized not only the King, but the entire monarchy which included three kingdoms, and a number of grand duchies, duchies, principalities, protectorates, and colonies. Eventually, each state was allowed to fly the Dannebrog ensigns with their respective arms in the canton.

The civil ensign has the overall proportions of 3:4. The state ensign is a 7:8 rectangle with swallowtails giving it an overall 1:2 proportion. The width of the cross is 1/7th of the hoist; the hoist is thus divided 9:3:9 whilst the fly is divided 9:3:16 (9:3:12 for the state ensign's rectangular part, plus 14 for the swallowtails). [Note: proportions are slightly different than *here*].

Each state also has its own own official banner of arms for use on land. These were originally square banners. However, due to the maritime traditions of the SR, these banners came to mimic the proportions of the civil dannebrog ensign, with the heraldic charge is shifted towards the hoist.

== State Ensign ==
http://www.geocities.com/flagsofillbethisad/sr-state.gif

== Civil Ensign ==
http://www.geocities.com/flagsofillbethisad/sr.gif

= History =
The first time Scandinavia is mentioned in records is in Roman annals, and
then barely at all. However, in the 8th to 10th centuries, the Viking
excursions made Scandinavia well known indeed. The Vikings raided, traded
and explored far beyond their home areas, settled the islands of the North
Atlantic (Iceland and the Faeroe Islands) and even created settlements on
Greenland and a short-lived one in North America. Other Vikings sailed the
Russian rivers down to Persia and Constantinople. The raids stopped after
the success of Christianity in Scandinavia around the 11th century and the
formation of the three Scandinavian kingdoms - Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.
Sweden gradually expanded eastward into [[Finland]] and [[Nassland]], and
brought them into the Scandinavian cultural zone.

In 1397, the first attempt to unite Scandinavia was made, the so-called
Kalmar Union - led by [[Denmark]]. The union wasn't exactly a success, the
Swedes in particular resisted it, and at the end of the 15th century it
was more of a state of anarchy. A very unsuccessful attempt by the Danish
king, Christian II, to crush the Swedish opposition in the 1520s led to
full-scale rebellion and the collapse of the union in 1523. Thus, the
Kingdom of Denmark-Norway and the Kingdom of Sweden-Finland replaced the
Union. [[Nassland]] became a protectorate of Sweden-Finland. The Duchies of
Schleswig and Holstein, and the Principality of Rygen were in a personal
union with the Danish-Norwegian Crown.

Just after the collapse of the Kalmar Union, the reformation took hold in
Scandinavia and strong state churches based upon Evangelic Lutheranism were
created. The strong state churches, a weak and poor nobility, an influential
class of free farmers and a strong King together would shape how
Scandinavian society would develop.

In the 17th century, Sweden-Finland started expanding eastwards, by 
forcefully conquering several Baltic lands, including several lands formerly 
held by Denmark-Norway. Denmark-Norway, on the other hand, looked westwards, 
granted royal charters to trading companies that peacefully acquiring 
several overseas tropical colonies through treaties: [[Tranquebar]], 
Martaban (in [[Monland]]), Danmarksnagore (in [[Frederiksnagore]]), 
Christiansborg (in [[Gadangmeland]]), and the [[Cruzan Islands]]. 
Sweden-Finland did manage to grant royal charters to trading companies as 
well, but only one of them, the &lt;i&gt;Nya Sverige Compagnie&lt;/i&gt; (New Sweden 
Company),  managed to establish a permanent colony, [[New Sweden]]. 
[[Greenland]], [[Iceland]], and the [[Faeroe Islands]] were already 
Norwegian colonies since viking times. The king of Denmark-Norway also 
inherited what would later become the Duchy of Oldenburg.

In the beginning of the 18th century, Denmark-Norway, the [[Republic of the Two Crowns]], and [[Russia]] together put an end to Sweden-Finland's 
aggressive behaviour by defeating it in the Great Nordic War. Sweden-Finland 
lost several of her Baltic dominions to [[Russia]], while Denmark-Norway 
gained the unification of Schleswig-Holstein (which had by then been divided 
into a number of ducal portions).

After the Great Nordic War, the 18th century was generally a period of enlightenment: serfdom was abolished, parliamentarism developed, Lutheran missionaries arrived in the colonies. The [[Nicobar Island|Nicobar]] and [[Andaman Islands]] were colonized by both the &lt;i&gt;Dansk Østindiske Compagnie&lt;/i&gt; (Danish East Indian Company) and missionaries. In the second half of the 18th century, the Scandinavian colonies were turned into crown colonies when the Scandinavian crowns appropriated the various trading companies and turned them into trade departments to monopolize trade in the colonies. In 1792, Denmark-Norway banned the slave trade and established in [[Guinea]] colonies along the Pepper Coast and on the island of Bolama for free negroes.

In the learned circles, another movement known as Scandinavism started to 
spread with the growing realization of national identity on one hand and 
common cultural heritage on the other hand. When the royal bloodline was 
dying out in Sweden-Finland, the road was paved for a new union. In 1809, 
King Gustav IV was deemed insane and unfit to rule and was overthrown. It 
was debated whether his replacement should be the Danish-Norwegian King 
Frederik VI or Gustav's uncle Karl. It fell on Frederik and Scandinavia was 
united once again. Separation of [[Nassland]] was a consequence of Scandinavian Union formation. Nassina in cooperation with [[Napoleon]] not only repelled [[Russia]]ns, but also escaped incorporation into union. Although Nassland became formally independent, it still remained economically bound to Union through &lt;b&gt;Scandinavian Peace Treaty&lt;/b&gt; since 1810.

The new Scandinavian Union now had a number of redundant trade departments and companies, so a number of Danish-Norwegian trade departments were merged with their Swedish-Finnish counterparts, reducing their number to four trade departments: the &lt;i&gt;Kongelige Nye Sverige Handel&lt;/i&gt; (Royal New Sweden Trade Department), the &lt;i&gt;Kongelige Østindiske Handel&lt;/i&gt; (Royal East Indian Trade Department), the &lt;i&gt;Kongelige Guinea-Vestindiske Handel&lt;/i&gt; (Royal Guinean and West Indian Trade Department), and the &lt;i&gt;Kongelige Arctiske Handel&lt;/i&gt; (Royal Arctic Trade Department). These trading departments were given trade monopoly rights to the colonies.

The new &lt;i&gt;Kongelige Østindiske Handel&lt;/i&gt; demonstrated its new strength by defending the Mons against Burmese aggression as a pretext to secure for itself access to the teak forests around the Gulf of Martaban. The colony of Martaban expanded its territory to become [[Monland]]. Tenasserim was also rewarded to the Scandinavian Realm as a tribute state to Siam in return for helping Siam regain some of the Shan states and Chiang 
Mai, which it had earlier lost to Burma.

The new &lt;i&gt;Kongelige Guinea-Vestindiske Handel&lt;/i&gt; was equally bold. Because the slave trade was no longer legal, it was forced to seek the alternative in the plantation-based trade and to deal with the competition that was still engaged in slave trading. To secure for itself more land to establish new plantations, it had to expanded the territories of the colonies of [[Danish Guinea]]. It began waging a privateering campaign against slave traders, freeing captured slaves, employing them in the colonies of [[Danish Guinea]], and expanding them in the process. The expanded Danish Guinean colonies later became [[Gebaland]], [[Gadangmeland]], and The [[Pepper Coast]].

The trade departments developed for themselves powerful lobbies in the Scandinavian parliament. The Scandinavian Realm essentially became a corporatocracy, wherein the government of the Scandinavian Realm typically had to bow down to pressure from these trade departments. But by the 1840s, there were many independent tradesmen that wanted to break the trade departments' monopoly to trade in the colonies. In 1848, backed by North American financiers, New Sweden appropriated the &lt;i&gt;Kongelige Nye Sverige Handel&lt;/i&gt; and joined the [[North American League]].

New Sweden thus came to enjoy more independence than Norway did from Denmark, or Finland did from Sweden. The acts taken by New Sweden inspired Norway, Finland, and the overseas territories to demand similar independence within the Union and from the trade departments in 1849. In 1855, a new [[SR Constitution|Constitution]] for the Common Affairs of Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Oldenborg, Schleswig, Holstein, Rygen, and New Sweden was drafted and put into effect. The new Constitution treated all these states as equal members of a &lt;i&gt;Skandinaviske Riksfællegsskap&lt;/i&gt; (Commonwealth of the Scandinavian Realm). It was also made possible for the colonies to achieve the same status once they themselves managed to appropriate the trade departments controlling their economy. In 1858, the [[Danish East Indies]] appropriated the &lt;i&gt;Kongelige Østindiske Handel&lt;/i&gt;. In 1918, the [[Norwegian North Atlantic]] ([[Greenland]], [[Iceland]], and the [[Faeroe Islands]]) did the same with the &lt;i&gt;Kongelige Arctiske Handel&lt;/i&gt;. In 1936, [[Danish Guinea]] and the [[Cruzan Islands|Danish West Indies]] did the same with the &lt;i&gt;Kongelige Guinea-Vestindiske Handel&lt;/i&gt;.

In the decades following their independence, [[Danish Guinea]] would break up into the Scandinavian states of [[Gadangmeland]], [[Gebaland]], and [[The Pepper Coast]]. The [[Danish East Indies]] would also break up into the Scandinavian states of [[Monland]], [[Tenasserim]], the [[Nicobar Islands]], the [[Andaman Islands]], [[Frederiksnagore]], and [[Tranquebar]]. [[Greenland]] and the [[Faeroe Islands]] would gain their independence from [[Iceland]].

The 20th century saw the SR's involvement in the Second Great War when
Germany attacked Rygen. At about the same time, Florida also conquered the
Cruzan Islands. Germany was defeated a few years later, but a war against
Florida waged on for the next half century until it was decisively defeated
and the Cruzan Islands liberated in [[Florida War]] of 2004.

In 1954, reclaimed land on the Danish island of Amager was exchanged for the Chinese city of [[Tsingdav]], which became another Scandinavian state.

In 1989, [[Samme]] was created as another Scandinavian state from the former Finnish province of Lappland and the former Norwegian county of Finnmark.

= Miscellaneous Topics =
*[[SR Constitution]]
*[[Riksmål]]
*[[Rigsmaal patronymics|Rigsmål patronymics]]
*[[Jante|Jante's Law]] 
*[[SR Climate and Geography]]
*[[SR Currency]]
*[[SR Military]]
*[[SR Politics and Government]]
*[[SR Economy and Industry]]
*[[Ethnic Groups of the SR]]

{{Scandinavian Realm}}

[[Category:Nations in Europe]]
[[Category:Nations in Africa]]
[[Category:Nations in Asia]]
[[Category:Nations in North America]]
[[Category:Scandinavian Realm]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lessinu Reformed Orthography</title>
    <id>984</id>
    <revision>
      <id>17600</id>
      <timestamp>2005-11-02T15:32:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">The Lessinu Reformed Orthography is the orthography of Lessinu proposed by the [[Lesinix Nacional Partae]].

Here I will outline it, comparing it with the main orthography in the area, highlighting the differences.  

:|ei| - |ae|
:Some vowels add |h|, to be etymologically correct
:|ß| - |s|
:|sch| - |x|
:|ch| - |j|
:|za|, |zo|, |zu| - |ça|, |ço|, |çou|
:|zi|, |ze|, |zy| - |ci|, |ce|, |cu|
:|ki|, |ke|, |ky| - [qui], [que], [quu]
:|u| - |ou|
:|y| - |u|

As you can see, it is something of a hodgepodge from various romance sources, including French, Spanish(Modern and Old) and Latin
[[Category:Romance Languages]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lessinu</title>
    <id>985</id>
    <revision>
      <id>61544</id>
      <timestamp>2009-08-23T03:59:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Benkarnell</username>
        <id>190</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Lessinu''' (Northern dialect: '''Läßin''') is a Romance language spoken in [[Thuringia]] in 
Germany.  It has, through being in the middle of Germany for so long, been rather influenced by German, undergoing the High German consonant and vowel shifts.  

For instance, Spanish 'Todos la terra' translates into Läßin (Northern Dialect of Lessinu) as 'Zoß lei Zer'.  Of course, in the more southerly dialects, this is less extreme, translating as 'Zossu lei Zerra'.  It has a two-case system, with the distinction shown only in the articles.  The Definite Article has the following paradigm:

 Masc.
            Singular   Plural
 Nominative   Il         Los
 Genitive     Lei       Lohr

 Fem. 
             Singular    Plural
 Nominative    La         Las    
 Genitive     Lei        Lohr

 Neut.      
              Singular    Plural
 Nominative      Il         La 
 Genetive       Lei        Lohr

The normal examples are 'Effu', 'Fela', and 'Monzeru' - 'horse', 'cat' and 'monster'  Or, in the North, Eff, Fel, and Monzer.  So, Il Effu, La Fela, Il Monzeru, Los Effos, Las Felas, La Monzera, Lei Effu, Lei Fela, Lei Monzeru, Lohr Effos, Lohr Felas, Lohr Monzera.  

The language is spoken by an ever dwindling number of [[Lessinischer | Läßinischers]] in Thuringia, specifically the small area called [[Lessinischland | Läßinischland]].  It may be extinct within fifty years.

{{ibsource}}

The first few verses of the Babel text:

Zoß lei Zer zeneirun una sol Link  Los Omos eirun eil Orienz, eß illos
inkonzeraß una Pflänzei in Shinar, eß ineil abißeirun. Illos tischerun los
&quot;Nos fachamu laßeris, eß nos zorramu los.&quot; Illos üßiliseirun laßeris loco
lei Läffis, eß Pißumen loco lei Mozer.  Illos tischerun los, &quot;Nos fachamu
unu Stat, kum una Tur, pfe produscherebit eil Keil.&quot;

A few notes on the language - This is the northern dialect.  In this
dialect, the languages name is spelt 'Läßin'.  The southern dialect spells
it 'Lessinu' or 'Leßinu'.  In the north of the southern dialect, it is
sometimes spelt 'Läßinu', which, for some reason, is the version I usually
use.

There are three major spelling conventions - those that use the characters
|ä|, |ö|, and |ü|, as well as |ß|, those that use |e|, |oe|, |y|, and |ß|,
and those that use |e|, |oe|, |y|, |ss|.

Incidentally, there is a
Romanceoid orthography for this thing - it looks kind of like this:

Çosu lae cerra cenaeroun ouna sola linca. Los homos aeroun ael Orienci es
illos inconceras ouna flencia in Shinar es illos inael. Illos tixeroun los,
&quot;Nos fajamou laseris, es nos çorramou los.&quot; Illos usilisaeroun laseris loco
lae lefis, es Pisoumenou loco lae Mocerarou. Illos tixeroun los, &quot;Nos
fajamou ounou statou koum ouna toura, fe frodouxerebit ael Caelu&quot;

(http://archives.conlang.info/jhau/jizaen/sajhelzhian.html)

{{Romance}}</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lessinischland</title>
    <id>986</id>
    <revision>
      <id>12086</id>
      <timestamp>2005-02-27T10:05:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Joe</username>
        <id>19</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Läßinischland is an autonomous republic within [[Thuringia]].  Most of the inhabitants are [[Lessinischer|Läßinischers]].  The main languages are German and [[Lessinu]](also spelt [[Lessinu|Läßin]], [[Lessinu|Läßinu]], and [[Lessinu|Leßinu]]).  Lessinu is a minority language, spoken only by two thousand or so people(1999 census).  However, the nationalist [[Lesinix Nacional Partae]](LNP) would advocate mandatory teaching in schools within Läßinischland.

Lessinischland is named after the inhabitants([[Lessinischer|Läßinischers]]), who are supposed by themselves the descendants of Christians fleeing persecution by Domitian.  In fact, this idea is greatly controversial among linguists, who believe that their language is far too progressive for this to be true.

[[Category:Lessinischland]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ladino</title>
    <id>987</id>
    <revision>
      <id>12087</id>
      <timestamp>2005-06-05T23:48:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>128.139.226.37</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>linked to Hebrew Alphabet</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{Ibero-Romance}}

= &amp;#1500;&amp;#1488;&amp;#1491;&amp;#1497;&amp;#1504;&amp;#1493; =
Ladino is an Iberian [[Romance Languages|Romance language]] closely related to Castilian, and the main official language of [[Mueva Sefarad]] in the [[NAL-SLC| North American League]].  Muevasefaradí Ladino differs from *here*'s Ladino (Judeo-Spanish) in its borrowed vocabulary - since the Sefaradim *there* moved to Mueva Sefarad instead of scattering across the Mediterranean, Ladino as spoken in MS contains a substantial number of early borrowings from Beothuk instead of French, Italian or Turkish.

Ladino is written in [[Hebrew Alphabet|Hebrew characters]], although an official Latin alphabet transliteration scheme exists for the benefit of other member provinces of the NAL.

A few examples of loanwords in Ladino from Beothuk:
 &amp;#1489;&amp;#1497;&amp;#1488;&amp;#1496;&amp;#1497;&amp;#1511;&amp;#1493; (beátiko) = Beothuk
 &amp;#1502;&amp;#1488;&amp;#1502;&amp;#1488;&amp;#1496;&amp;#1497;&amp;#1511; (mamatík) = home

A number of other loan words have slipped in since Mueva Sefarad joined the [[NAL-SLC]].  These words come mostly from the languages of the closer provinces - Scots, English, and Gaelic especially.  Other borrowings have come from Laurentian, the French dialect spoken in Nouvelle Francie, and from the Mi'kmaq, Innu, and Inuit spoken in Mueva Sefarad's mainland territory and up La Kosta Norte in [[Nunavik/Labrador]].

One of the best examples of these newer loanwords is the colloquial names of the NAL [[currency]] that the Muevasefaradíes share with their fellow provinces.  Although they have perfectly fine official native Ladino names, the 'libra' 'sueldo' and 'denaryo' are more commonly known by the following names, borrowed from the nearby provinces:
 &amp;#1508;&amp;#1493;&amp;#1504;&amp;#1491;&amp;#1493; (pundo) = &amp;#1500;&amp;#1497;&amp;#1489;&amp;#1512;&amp;#1492; (libra)
 &amp;#1513;&amp;#1488;&amp;#1500;&amp;#1497;&amp;#1503; (šalén) = &amp;#1505;&amp;#1493;&amp;#1488;&amp;#1497;&amp;#1500;&amp;#1491;&amp;#1493; (sueldo)
 &amp;#1508;&amp;#1497;&amp;#1504;&amp;#1505;&amp;#1497; (pense) = &amp;#1491;&amp;#1497;&amp;#1504;&amp;#1488;&amp;#1512;&amp;#1497;&amp;#1493; (denaryo)
[[Category:Language]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mueva Sefarad</title>
    <id>988</id>
    <revision>
      <id>60473</id>
      <timestamp>2009-07-11T02:10:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caeruleancentaur</username>
        <id>197</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>Spelling and grammar corrections.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=לה פרובֿינסיה די מואיבֿה ספרד&lt;br&gt;La Provinsya de Mueva Sefarad&lt;br&gt;&lt;i&gt;Province of New Iberia&lt;/i&gt;}}
{{image infobox|file=Msflag.gif|caption=Flag of {{PAGENAME}} }}
{{sub infobox|nation=[[NAL-SLC|North American League]]}}
{{cities2 infobox|capital=[[Santa Ester]]|other=[[Flor de Santo Yona|Santo Yona]]&lt;br&gt;[[Kavo Oksidente]]&lt;br&gt;[[RSPSh|Riyo Seko i Pakua Šipi]]}}
{{lang2 infobox|official=[[Ladino]]|others=[[Beothuk]]&lt;br&gt;[[Innu Aimun]]}}
{{ruler2 infobox|title=Nagid|name=Donya [[Aysha Toledano|Ayša Toledano]]}}
{{area infobox|area=Island: 108,860 km²}}
{{area infobox|area=Mainland: ?}}
{{population infobox|population=?|adjective=muevasefaradíes}}
{{establishment infobox|year=1492|reason=Founded}}
{{establishment infobox|year=1816|reason=Presence Made Known}}
{{generic infobox|title=Admission to NAL|value=1899 (31&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt;)}}
{{close infobox}}
'''La Provinsya de Mueva Sefarad''' (the Province of New Iberia) occupies the eastern edge of the North American continent, where the sun rises first each day over the New World.  Originally settled and ruled as an independent nation by Jewish refugees of the Iberian Expulsions of the late 15th century, with a healthy and influential Native minority, it is somewhat an anomaly in its surroundings, with a cultural, linguistic, and religious mix unique in the world.

Although ''Mueva Sefarad'' properly translates from Ladino as &quot;New Iberia&quot; &amp;mdash; ''Sefarad'' refering to the entire peninsula, and not just [[Spain|the Spains]] &amp;mdash; the province is commonly called &quot;New Spain&quot; by the inhabitants of the rest of the [[NAL-SLC|North American League]].


&lt;!-- ==Administration==
===Government===
DESCRIPTION ON HOW THE SUB-NATIONAL ENTITIY IS GOVERNED

===Administrative Divisions===
FURTHER ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS --&gt;

==History==
===&lt;i&gt;Ekspulsyon&lt;/i&gt;===
Between 1492 and 1497, every nation on the Iberian peninsula gave the [[Judaism|Jews]] who lived there three options: get out, convert to [[Christianity]], or die.  The more than thousand-year-long history of the Sefaradim, the Jews of Iberia, had come to a close.  There would be no more Golden Ages; no more weathering periods of persecution in secret; no more philosophers, poets, and generals; no more ''convivencia'' of Jews, Christians and [[Islam|Muslims]] living together in shared culture.  After all the many ups and downs, the forces of Jihad and Crusade — of ''Reconquista'' — had replaced the intermittent glimmer of ''onvivencia'' with the final curtain-call for the Sefaradim.  This was the end of their story.

Or was it?

The plans of a certain foreign aspiring explorer named Columbus were well known, and in their desperation, the Sefaradim didn't even wait to see if his expectations of land across the Atlantic turned out to be true.  On ships of their own, and on ones they hijacked or stole, they set out by ones, twos, and fleets into the Unknown West.

===''Independensya''===
Over the years, the secret settlement of Mueva Sefarad grew. With the help of the native people of the island, the Beothuks, the Jewish refugees survived and thrived.  As time went on, they leaked news back to the Old Country, and absorbed increasing numbers of Crypto-Jews who found it too hard to stay on the Peninsula living a lie, followed by Muslim and Crypto-Muslim refugees of the Las Alpujarras rebellion of 1568 and the Expulsion of 1609, and even many New Christians who trusted more in their estranged Jewish and Muslim relatives than in the Iberian racial policies of ''limpieza de sangre''.

The experience of persecution, broken promises, and living in secrecy hardened the Muevasefaradíes, and due to a kind of national paranoia they began to see all outsiders as heralds of the ''aldi&amp;#269;a Inkizisyon'', the cursèd Inquisition.  Any explorer or merchant ship that approached too close to the shores of their island refuge was fair game for their revenge — the lucky ones never saw their homes again; those not so lucky died.  And slowly, across the world's ports, sailors spread frightening stories of Savage Red Indians of the North with a particular hatred of Iberian priests, who cursed them in Castillian, Catalan, or Portuguese (according to different versions of the tale) as they died slowly.

The world moved on without them, and as the explorers became more bold, and their technology improved, it became harder and harder for the people of Mueva Sefarad to keep their existence secret from the developing nations on their doorstep.  In the early 1800s, therefore, they made their presence known to the world community, and staked their claim on the entire island.

Historians are still debating what were the true causes of the War of 1898, but to Mueva Sefarad it was ''la Gera dela Independensya i dela Unifikasyon'' — their War of Independence and of Unification.  As they tell it, one or more of the Iberian nations claimed that, since Mueva Sefarad was settled by its own 'citizens', the large island off the coast of North America was therefore not an independent country, but merely a colony — one in violation of the expulsion edicts of the 15th through 17th centuries.  Additionally, while somewhat pushed to the side in the 'official' view of history, the role of Muevasefaradí and other Sefaradic pirates and privateers such as [[Jean Lafitte]] in the buildup to the 1898 war cannot be ignored, and remains a dominant theme in Muevasefaradí folklore.

===''Unifikasyon''===
In the face of all-out war, Mueva Sefarad gave up its independence for the promise of security, and applied for admission to the [[NAL-SLC|North American League]].  The League came through, and was victorious in the war.  Since then, the energies of the Muevasefaradíes have been dedicated not to secrecy and survival, but to cooperation and moving on from the past to claim their place as one part of a greater whole.

The provincial governor holds the title of ''nagid''.  Muevasefaradíes brought their martial traditions of secrecy and amphibian tactics to the North American League military, where they make up a substantial segment of the special ops units.  They also helped introduce the use of war paint to military personnel from provinces with less-influential Native populations.

Most of Mueva Sefarad's international dealings are with [[New_Francy|New Francy]], [[Judea]], and [[Montrei]].  Recently, Mueva Sefarad has become a popular tourist destination, both for hikers in its pristine wilderness areas as well as for cruises along the coasts and up La Kosta Norte past [[Nunavik]].  Other tourists are drawn to the unique mixture of Mediterranean culture and subarctic climate, or to the recently-discovered remains of Viking settlements on the northern peninsula.  Ecologically conscious, although not ecotopian, most of the province's electricity comes from wind power.

==Geography==
Mueva Sefarad is the easternmost point of North America, situated on the large irregularly-shaped island off the coast of [[New_Francy|New Francy]] and the League provinces of [[Alba Nuadh| New Scotland]] and [[Nunavik]], as well as on a part of the mainland to the east of [[New_Francy|New Francy]] and south of [[Nunavik]].  This foothold on the mainland, which remains in general sparsely populated, was left unclaimed by [[New_Francy|New Francy]] and so Mueva Sefarad claimed it when it joined the [[NAL-SLC|League]].

Most Muevasefaradíes live in the provincial capital and oldest settlement, [[Santa Ester]], which is situated on the large island in the long lake near the island's west coast.  The next largest population center, which is also somewhat less dense, is the large vaguely flower-shaped peninsula attached to the southeast corner of the island, known as [[Flor de Santo Yona]].  The third largest city of Mueva Sefarad is [[Kavo Oksidente]], at the southwest corner of the island, which serves as the main port connecting the province to mainland North America.  The last major population center is the twin cities of [[RSPSh|Riyo Seko &amp; Pauka Šipi]], which together serve as the urban center of Mueva Sefarad's mainland region.

===Borders===
Mueva Sefarad shares only one dry border — the western border of the mainland region, which it shares with [[New Francy]].  All Mueva Sefarad's other borders are frontiers of water.

&lt;u&gt;To the north, across [[Guadalkivir]] Bay&lt;/u&gt;: [[Nunavik]] (this region of the province is known in Mueva Sefarad as &lt;i&gt;La Kosta Norte&lt;/i&gt;)

&lt;u&gt;To the east and south&lt;/u&gt;: the Atlantic Ocean

&lt;u&gt;To the southwest, across the Gulf of St Lawrence&lt;/u&gt;: [[Alba Nuadh]]

&lt;u&gt;To the west, across the Gulf of St Lawrence&lt;/u&gt;: [[New Francy]]

Even the international border on the mainland is mostly water, since it mostly follows rivers.

==Economy==
ECONOMY OF THE SUB-NATIONAL ENTITY

==Culture==
The official language of the province is [[Ladino]], an originally Judeo-Iberian dialect usually written in Hebrew characters, which absorbed many words from Beothuk.  Most Muevasefaradíes are Jews, followed in demographic order by Muslims, Christians, and followers of Native religions.  Ethnically, most of the population are of Iberian or Beothuk descent, although other Native groups besides the Beothuks are also found, especially the Innu on the mainland.  Since Mueva Sefarad joined the [[NAL-SLC| League]], immigrants from the rest of the [[NAL-SLC| League]] and all parts of the world have settled there.  Muevasefaradí Jews are mostly (unsurprisingly) Sefaradic, and Christians follow the Isadorian (&quot;Mozarabic&quot;) Rite.  It is said that hard times breed mysticism, and this is very true in Mueva Sefarad, where Islamic Sufi mysticism is a powerful spiritual force not only among the Muslims, but also, in modified forms, among Jews and Christians.  Sefaradic [[Judaism]] is distinctive among the varied Jewish cultures of the modern world in its embrace of a form of Jewish mysticism based on ''Sefer ha-Zohar'', the &quot;Book of Splendor&quot;, as well as in its veneration of saints, a development of Iberian Crypto-Judaism.

In Mueva Sefarad, the Jewish fast day of ''Ta‘anit Ester'' (the Fast of Esther) — ''el Ayuno de Santa Ester'' in Ladino — is the official provincial memorial day for Muevasefaradí heroes, including soldiers who died in battle during both the pre-NAL and NAL periods of Mueva Sefarad's history, early settlers who couldn't survive the stresses of trying to rebuild their old society in a new harsher environment, people who were caught and killed by the Inquisition back in the past, and others.

Immediately following the day of solemn memorials is ''Purim'', the Jewish holiday based on the Scroll of Esther in the Tanakh/Bible, which celebrates the victory of Queen Esther, Mordekhai, and the Jews of the Persian Empire over the forces of the vizier Haman who (against the generally tolerant policies of Ancient Persia) attempted to murder them all.

Purim is traditionally celebrated by communal readings of the Scroll of Esther (the ''Megilla''), giving charity, sending food baskets to friends, and having a festive meal (usually involving drinking to a greater or lesser extent).

In Mueva Sefarad, Purim is the unofficial 'Independence Day', and is celebrated with raucous partying among almost all segments of the population.  Religious Jews generally celebrate it traditionally, and religious Muslims don't drink alcohol, but in general Purim has the feel of a province-wide party, with everyone having fun and sending each other food packages.  Charitable organizations commonly collect a large proportion of their yearly 'revenue' around Purim-time, also.

Mueva Sefarad's official 'independence day', ''Diya dela Unifikasyon'' (Unification Day), which celebrates the victory of the 1898 War and the province's joining the North American League, is a much quieter affair, involving sight-seeing, barbecues, cultural attractions and big sales.


{{NAL}}
[[Category:Iberia]]
[[Category:Mueva Sefarad]]
[[Category:North American League]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kerno</title>
    <id>989</id>
    <revision>
      <id>53083</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-06T19:23:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kgaughan</username>
        <id>32</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tidied up layout.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Ib-britain-ireland-linguas.png|frame|right|Language Families of Britain and Ireland]]

'''Kerno''' is related to [[Brithenig]] and [[Breathanach]]. It is spoken in the western third of [[Kemr]]'s province of [[Dumnonia|Dûnein]], in the [[France|French]] department of [[Bretagne]] and in several Kemrese dominions oversea. A large population inhabit the Republic of [[Louisianne|Louisiana]] and also the regions around [[Hong Kong]].

==Overview==

There are two principal registers found in Dumnonian literature written in Kerno. The so-called Common Register is really identical to the spoken language. Texts in this register are marked &quot;CR&quot; in the page indicated below. There is also a more elevated, more Latinesque register called the Literary Register. It was in use from the medieval period up till about the early XX century. The use of the two registers has been described somewhat as an Englishman speaking the dialect of Kent in his everyday life, but when writing resorts to the parlance and particulars of the Chaucerian language. Texts in the Literary Register are marked &quot;LR&quot;.

The Grammar Precis can be found [http://www.bethisad.com/kerno_grammar_paradigms.htm here]. It contains some historical and social background and proceeds into the basic paradigms. The Precis treats only of the Common Register. For a description of the Literary Register, kindly refer to Ferrar's ''[[Books|Concise Tabulation of the Cornovian Dialect]]''.

The Lexicon is pretty large and is thus divided into shorter sections: [http://www.bethisad.com/lexicon_abc.htm A-B-C], [http://www.bethisad.com/lexicon_def.htm D-E-F], [http://www.bethisad.com/lexicon_ghijk.htm G-H-I-J-K], [http://www.bethisad.com/lexicon_lllmn.htm L-LL-M-N], [http://www.bethisad.com/lexicon_opqqu.htm O-P-Q-Qu], [http://www.bethisad.com/lexicon_rrhst.htm R-Rh-S-T], &amp; [http://www.bethisad.com/lexicon_uvwxyz.htm U-V-W-X-Y-Z].

See [http://www.bethisad.com/kerno_texts.htm texts] for a number of text examples in Kerno. Most are short excerpts from folklore and the Bible. The longer texts of Guimier and the Contest should be of interest for the advanced student.

There is also a short [http://www.bethisad.com/phrasebook.html Phrasebook] which might be of some interest to the traveller in southern Britain.

{{Western Romance}}

==Some Questions and Answers==
Note that the Pages regarding the people that speak Kerno have not been reworked as of yet, so you might not be able to find anything without considerable expense in quantum-dimensional mining equipment. 

===Where in the IB timeline is Kerno spoken?===
Kerno is spoken móstly in the ''[http://www.bethisad.com/armorica.htm Duché de Cornouaille]'' (the Breton region) in [[France]], the NAL province of [[Ter Mair]] and parts of Oz ([[Australasia]]). Its homeland is the southern Kemrese province of [[Dumnonia|Dûnein]], corresponding to ''here's'' Duchy of Cornwall and the English counties of Devon, Somerset, Wiltshire, Dorset, and parts of Gloucester. Fewer than 45% of the province's population are L1 speakers of Kerno anymore.

===What does Kerno look like?===
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Bunchló&quot; color=&quot;brown&quot;&gt;
La Newes l' Ayre. -- ‘Ny miz samotempeor sezevont y vineg le Sang Dreuand en l' echluys, sezement po is sew deliberacièn. Et couant condfablavont, gouezont ys yan newe trasnafigant l' ayre soer y sew phednes. Couant gouezont y h-ommen la newe y vinegges po is sew deliberacièn; l' ancheor ys iazeisont. Et cazus l' ancheor do miz parcouet l' echluys; ound coenrapuont-el y vineg l' ancheor. Gouenis ce yen om desal nagouea, ninathament tras l' ayre coueomo sis foryas l' acoua. Couant nitraiyuont-el ce l' omen, doandfasot-lis: &quot;Per amur le Dé! -- esliberaz- me; per que vez ‘us me sumergeont!&quot; Saldis-els l' om y vinegges syrprednes et-z-y sew deliberacièn, trasennathament ‘nal ayre. Bouasot il chapetíns et doentraiyuont-el l' ancheor; et desnauasont desal echluys. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

===What does Kerno sound like?===
Kerno is without a doubt the absolute loveliest sounding of all the Romance languages.

===What is the present status of Kerno, given the 45% figure?===
At present, a form of the Paesan dialect of Brithenig has just about
gobbled up the whole province. Conservative estimates (from 1995 or so) indicate that by 2025 the whole
Province will be L1 Brithenig speakers. The sad reality is that the education system in the
Province has been in the toilet the last half century (and wasn't far away from the toilet in
the decades previous) -- most kids are learning Brithenig on the street and via radio &amp;
television. Business is done in Brithenig and any kind of interaction with the rest of the country or educated foreign travellers is also done in Brithenig. Even the august faculties of linguistics at
the chief universities in the Province agree that Kerno is moribund at home. A few, in 2000 studies, gave it no more than five or ten years at most.

Studies as late as 2005 indicate by 2010 the whole Province will be basically L1 Brithenig speakers -- basically shifting the date by 15 years. Most of the blame can be honestly laid on the Language Boards -- those august bodies of the XIX and XX centuries that were charged with choosing a standard dialect and formulating a standardised orthography and grammar. In short, the promised Standard Cornish Language was not forthcoming, and in the rapidly growing post-GW world Brithenig was on the rise. The need for speaking Kerno anywhere but at home was not seen as an imperative and thus its home territory has slowly been receding.

===What is the prognosis?===
Of course, there will always be out of the way locales like north of the Moors and the Islands
where it will last longest. Kerno is quite strong in the overseas territories, but even there it is a home language not the language of powerful colonies or provinces. It is kind of funny in that the language of the colonies is basically Kerno with considerable sprinklings of French, Brithenig and English, while the language of the motherland that sent them out into the world is basically Brithenig with liberal sprinklings of Kerno and French.

===Is it analogous to Cornish ''here''?===
Yes. In more ways than one. Kerno has all the advantages of being the historical language of a once independent kingdom and now semi-autonomous province of a major power that speaks a related language, and also has a sizeable literature spanning many centuries. It has all the same disadvantages of multiple competing dialects, forms, orthographies and Language Boards each of which have proposed its own favourite as the standard form. In the end the Dumnonian Senate did what the Cornish Senate ''here'' has not done. It was an eleventh hour action to be sure, and the High King's fierce will probably had not a little to do with the Senate's almost surprise action, but at long last, the Language Boards were abolished and a standard dialect and orthography was chosen. It will remain to be seen which way the few remaining Kerno speakers in the province will go.

To be honest, the answer is pretty much forordained: most ''jowenckez'' (youngsters) in the street, when confronted by a confused foreigner trying to speak Kerno will say &quot;Oh yeah, the ''sendo'' (old people) talk that way&quot;.

===Brithenig v. Kerno===
Commentators of the last century, when discussing matters of education in wealthier parts of Kemr with the doomful &lt;i&gt;[[Language Boards]]&lt;/i&gt; in [[Dunein]] have often referred to Kerno as the &quot;wild little sister&quot; to &quot;prim and proper&quot; Brithenig. What do the sister languages look like side by side? Following are some samples of both Brithenig and Kerno, in order to offer a comparison between the two.

Br. &lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;Tifur cnocaf. Ffidd rhesponef. Negyn er llâ.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Kr. &lt;font face=&quot;Bunchló&quot; color=&quot;brown&quot;&gt;Llompus l' Ovenós. Rhespondus la Fis. N' ystez nien ce 'n neyan.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
En. &lt;i&gt;Fear knocked. Faith answered. No one was there.&lt;/i&gt;

Br. &lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;Lla gal k'yno es es lla ddun di Ddew a sui; lla gal k'yno wen di sui es sew ddun a Ddew.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Kr. &lt;font face=&quot;Bunchló&quot; color=&quot;brown&quot;&gt;Que biase, ce-t-il donió lor Dé do ti; que gouerurase-te, ce-t-il tew donió do li Ddé.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
En. &lt;i&gt;What you are is God's gift to you; what you become is your gift to God.&lt;/i&gt;

Br. &lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;Eo su lla feleidd di lla wid di Ddew; ys cant sew ganhiwn tra fui.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Kr. &lt;font face=&quot;Bunchló&quot; color=&quot;brown&quot;&gt;Biam me la canció la gouitha di 'l Dé: canz la sew canta per ce me.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
En. &lt;i&gt;I am God's melody of life: he sings his song through me.&lt;/i&gt;

Br. &lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;Yn atherrir segyr es profis, rhen di'n gwiadig ffagil.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Kr. &lt;font face=&quot;Bunchló&quot; color=&quot;brown&quot;&gt;Comprometeor yen doenterrancea secoure, ne nonck yen itener facil pass.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
En. &lt;i&gt;A safe landing is promissed, not an easy journey.&lt;/i&gt;

Br. &lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;Ffagerewth sew meilwr e ddorfirewth i mheg, Dew norf rhen.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Kr. &lt;font face=&quot;Bunchló&quot; color=&quot;brown&quot;&gt;Fas ce tew maxam et dormi 'n pase; regoueilleint es il Deus.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
En. &lt;i&gt;Do your best and sleep in peace; God is awake.&lt;/i&gt;

Br. &lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;Dew a'n plan per mui ke negyn alltr pod addimplir.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Kr. &lt;font face=&quot;Bunchló&quot; color=&quot;brown&quot;&gt;Domtens-me il Deus yen plan que ne yan altoer poze plendfeaire.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt; 
En. &lt;i&gt;God has a plan for me that none other can fulfill.&lt;/i&gt;

Br. &lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;Cýnidiath teisar e llo ddew ddunarant ill ffil.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Kr. &lt;font face=&quot;Bunchló&quot; color=&quot;brown&quot;&gt;Capeta ar comthextar et datura-te y Ddé la linea.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
En. &lt;i&gt;Start weaving and the Gods will give you the thread.&lt;/i&gt;

Br. &lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;Lla seruindad es rhen di lla lliferthad di lla demhest; mai sa's ill peg intr lla demhest.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Kr. &lt;font face=&quot;Bunchló&quot; color=&quot;brown&quot;&gt;Ne biat rhen la Serentats la secourtats des il tempeste; mays la pas doenmiz y thempestes.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
En. &lt;i&gt;Serenity is not freedom from the storm; but it is peace amid the storm.&lt;/i&gt;

Br. &lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;Perch yno llem sempr di gomhas circhar per Dew. Dew es perdded rhen.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Kr. &lt;font face=&quot;Bunchló&quot; color=&quot;brown&quot;&gt;Perque en sempeor ves tu current ar persecoueint a li Dé? Perdu il Deus?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
En. &lt;i&gt;Why do you always rush about looking for God? Is God lost?&lt;/i&gt;

Br. &lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;Di'll temp a'll temp llo ddew ddigent &quot;amossibl&quot;; sa's perch ys h-ant yn meilwr per nu.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Kr. &lt;font face=&quot;Bunchló&quot; color=&quot;brown&quot;&gt;Di tempeor en tempuroer deckont-nois y Ddé le &quot;ne rhen&quot;; es perque domtenent-nois ces alchyn choz meiyor.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
En. &lt;i&gt;From time to time the Gods say &quot;no way&quot;; it is because they have something better for us.&lt;/i&gt;</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cana</title>
    <id>990</id>
    <revision>
      <id>56014</id>
      <timestamp>2008-12-22T14:26:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Benkarnell</username>
        <id>190</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>category</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[Japanese]] cana has been adapted to several languages in territories once ruled by the [[Japan|Japanese Empire]]

==Kanawikian==
The phonology of [[Kanawiki|Kanawikian]] is well-suited for cana, with the exception of the glottal stop.  The solution was to write pure vowels with the w-row (/u/ = wo-little u), and glottal-stop initial syllables with the pure vowels.  /w/ is written with u followed by little vowel kana.&lt;br&gt;
a i u e o = ワ ヰ ヲゥ ヱ ヲ&lt;br&gt;
'a 'i 'u 'e 'o = ア イ ウ エ オ&lt;br&gt;
wa wi wu we wo = ウァ ウィ ウゥ ウェ ウォ&lt;br&gt;
Long vowels are written with the length mark, i.e., kaa = カー&lt;br&gt;
Examples:
*Hawai'i = ハウァヰイ
*O'ahu = ヲアフ
*Maui = マヲゥヰ
*Laana'i = ラーナイ
*Kaua'i = カヲゥワイ

==I-Kiripati==
I-Kiripati, the language of the Kingdom of [[Kiripati]], in the [[Micronesian Confederation]], is also written with catacana.  Ikiripati has no glottal stop, and so there was no need to co-opt the w-row.  Ikiripati ''did'', however, have other problems in canafication, namely, the syllabic nasals, the contrast between syllable-final nasals, and the labialized consonants.&lt;br&gt;
The consonants /p/, /t/, /k/, /r/ are written as expected
/pw/ is written with pu + w-row&lt;br&gt;
pwa pwi pwu pwe pwo = プァ プィ プゥ プェ プォ&lt;br&gt;
/mw/ follows the same pattern&lt;br&gt;
/Bw/ is written with the b-row.&lt;br&gt;
Nasals are a bit more complicated.&lt;br&gt;
The velar nasal is written with the g-row, m and n mostly as expected except:&lt;br&gt;
Gu, mu, nu by themselves represent ng, m, n (coda or syllabic)&lt;br&gt;
-mw is written mu little wa - ムヮ&lt;br&gt;
/Nu/, /mu/, /nu/ are written with gu, mu, nu followed by little u - グゥ ムゥ ヌゥ&lt;br&gt;
Like Kanawikian, I-Kiribati uses the long mark for long vowels.

==Pònpeian==
Pònpeian, spoken in [[Ponpei|Pònpei]], Micronesian Confederation is written with catacana in a system similar to I-Kiripati.&lt;br&gt;
Syllable-final consonants are showed with u-row consonants, little u being used for actual syllables.&lt;br&gt;
Pònpeian has six of seven (depending on dialect) vowels:&lt;br&gt;
/i/, /e/, /a/, /o/, /u/ written as expected&lt;br&gt;
/E/ and /O/ uses little a after the syllable&lt;br&gt;
Long vowels written with long mark&lt;br&gt;
Consonants&lt;br&gt;
/t/ and /t,/ distinguished by {d} and {t} respectively (convention also held in romanization)&lt;br&gt;
/N/ written with {g}&lt;br&gt;
/mw/ written as in I-Kiribati&lt;br&gt;
/pw/ is written with {b}&lt;br&gt;
/l/ is written with katakana, /r/ with hiragana&lt;br&gt;
/m/, /n/, /k/, /p/, /s/, /w/ written with expected kana&lt;br&gt;

==Togan==
[[Toga]]n used the same method as Kanawikian for the glottal stop.  The cana orthography is now obsolete, roman letters having replaced it.&lt;br&gt;
/v/ is written with the b-row&lt;br&gt;
/l/ is written with the r-row&lt;br&gt;
/N/ is written with the g-row&lt;br&gt;
/h/ is written with the h-row&lt;br&gt;
/f/ is written with the &lt;i&gt;s-row&lt;/i&gt; (chosen to avoid requiring hiragana, special diacritics, or too-frequent use of little kana.)&lt;br&gt;
p, t, k, m, n written as expected.

==Arero Henua==
Japan established an official Catacana for [[Henua]] soon after creating the protectorate (1876). It follows the basic pattern used for Kanawikian and Togan.  See also [[Henua transliterations]].  &lt;br&gt;
Syllables beginning with /h/, /k/, /m/, /n/, /p/, /r/, and /t/ use the regular corresponding rows of the Cana table. &lt;br&gt;
/v/ uses the b-row. &lt;br&gt;
/N/ uses the g-row. &lt;br&gt;
Glottal stop syllables are written with the pure vowel cana, while pure vowels are written with the w-row. This is the same system used for Kanawikian. 

[[Category:Japan]]
[[Category:Scripts]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Japanese</title>
    <id>991</id>
    <revision>
      <id>34873</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-22T19:29:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Romanization */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">The national language of [[Japan]], and many of her dependencies, and the language of trade within the TAR.  Japanese was romanized following the development of trade with sailors from [[Montrei]].

Japanese in [[Ill Bethisad|IB]] is very similar to *here*, but there are some significant differences.

===Romanization===
The standard romanization *there* is different than either of the major systems *here*.  Y and W are written with ''i'' and ''u'' when between a consonant and a vowel (a slight difference in the language allows syllables wi, we, and wo, plus the occurance of those syllables with a consonant), and ''y'' and ''w'' otherwies.  To indicate an actual /i/ or /u/ before another vowel, ''í'' and ''ú'' are used.  Thus *here*'s pya -&gt; pia, pia -&gt; pía, piya -&gt; piya.  The k and g rows are written ca, qui, cu, que, co and ga, gi, gu, ge, go (''qui'' and ''que'' are sometimes written ''ki'' and ''ke'').  Moraic n (ん) is written ñ before k or g, or before a vowel, y, or w.  Note that this means kya kyu kyo are written quia, quiu, quio (some write kia, kiu, kio).  Sh is written ''x'', Ts as ''ç'', Ch as ''tx'' and J as ''dj''.  There is a contrast between r and l.  The r-row is ra li ru re ro; its compound cana (i.e., kana in *here*'s romanization) being la lu lo, rui, rue, ruo.  Long vowels are marked with a grave (`).
====Table of Cana====
{|{{Prettytable}}
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|あ || い || う || え || お || || || || || ||
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|a || i || u || e || o || || || || || ||
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|か || き || く ||	け || こ || きゃ ||	きゅ || きょ || くぃ || くぇ || くぉ
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|ca || qui || cu || que || co || quia || quiu || quio || cui || cue || cuo
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|が || ぎ || ぐ || げ || ご || ぎゃ || ぎゅ || ぎょ || ぐぃ || ぐぇ || ぐぉ
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|ga || gi || gu || ge || go || gia || giu || gio || gui || gue || guo
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|さ || し || す || せ || そ || しゃ ||	しゅ || しょ || すぃ || すぇ ||	すぉ
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|sa || xi || su || se || so || xa || xu || xo || sui || sue || suo
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|ざ || じ || ず ||	ぜ || ぞ || じゃ || じゅ || じょ || ずぃ || ずぇ || ずぉ
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|za || dji || zu || ze || zo || dja || dju || djo || zui || zue || zuo
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|た || ち || つ || て || と || ちゃ || ちゅ || ちょ || つぃ || つぇ || つぉ
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|ta || txi || çu || te || to || txa || txu || txu || çi || çe || ço
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|だ || ぢ || づ || で || ど || ぢゃ || ぢゅ || ぢょ || づぃ || づぇ || づぉ
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|da || (dji) || (zu) ||de ||do || (dja) || (dju) || (djo) || (zui) || (zue) || (zuo)
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|な || に || ぬ || ね || の || にゃ || にゅ || にょ || ぬぃ || ぬぇ ||	ぬぉ
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|na || ni || nu || ne || no ||nia || niu || nio || nui || nue || nuo
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|は || ひ || ふ || へ || ほ || ひゃ || ひゅ || ひょ || ふぃ || ふぇ || ふぉ
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|ha || hi || fu || he || ho || hia || hiu || hio || fi || fe || fo
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|ぱ || ぴ || ぷ || ぺ || ぽ || ぴゃ || ぴゅ || ぴょ || || ||
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|pa || pi || pu || pe || po || pia || piu || pio || || ||
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|ば || び || ぶ || べ || ぼ || びゃ || びゅ || びょ || || ||
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|ba || bi || bu || be || bo || bia || biu || bio || || ||
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|ま || み || む || め || も || みゃ || みゅ || みょ || || ||
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|ma || mi || mu || me || mo || mia || miu || mio || || ||
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|や || || ゆ || || よ || || || || || ||
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|ya || || yu || || yo || || || || || ||
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|ら || り || る ||	れ || ろ || りゃ || りゅ || りょ || るぃ || るぇ || るぉ
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|ra || li || ru || re || ro || la || lu || lo || rui || rue || ruo
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|わ || ゐ || || ゑ || を || || || || || ||
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|wa || wi || || we || wo || || || || || ||
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|ん || || || || || || || || || ||
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|n/m/ñ || || || || || || || || || ||
|}

====Some examples====
*かたかな catacana
*にほんご nihoñgo
*おにいちゃん onìtxan
*いこお icò (notice that in *here*'s Japanese, that would be spelled いこう)
*おみあい omíai (omiai would represent おみゃい)
*しよ xiyo
*りゅうきゅう lùquiù
*つぃいたち Çìtatxi (ついたち tsuitachi in *here*'s Japanese)

===Linguistic differences===
The standard dialect *there* is based on the dialects of quiñqui-xù, particularly Quiòto, with significant influences from the Edo dialect.  During the late Tocugawa era, monomorphemic ui, ue, and uo became [wi:], [we:], and [wo:].  A far more recent change (began in the Taixò era) changed r to l before /i/ and /j/ (thus, ''l'' is to ''r'' as ''tx'' is to ''t'').  Voiceless vowels are far less common *there* than *here*.  Currently, [N] is in the process of replacing [g] for /g/ in medial position ([g] is still the only allophone word-initially).  Japanese *there* has far fewer loan words than Japanese *here*.  And those loan words that do exist tend to be from a far broader range of languages than *here*, with [[Montreiano]] and [[Corea]]n being popular sources (Corean loans are often written in hangul, or kanji with fuli-hangul).  Thus, a number of words that are *here* borrowed from English were *there* borrowed from Montreiano or other languages, such as ''[[anima]]'' &lt; ''animaçón'' instead of *here*'s ''anime'' from ''animation''.  While many others are simply based on wago or cañgo.

===Writing===
As *here*, there was a writing reform.  *There*, it occured in several steps:&lt;br&gt;
Gomeidji 3 (1924) - Cana reform.  Similar to the 1946 reforms *here*, except with long o written ''oo'' instead of ''ou'' (except when ''u'' represents a morpheme, as in the volitional verb form), also no elimination of furigana (fuligana).
*Xiñwa 3 (Xòwa 20, AD 1944) - Initially only in [[Hiromitxi, Prince Cumazawa|Xiñwa]] territories, kanji simplification, similar to the Jouyou kanji *here*, but less drastic (around 2500-3000 kanji or so).
*Saisei Gannen (1952) - Xiñwa's kanji simplification accepted everywhere
*Saisei 17-24 (1968-1975) - Experiment in more radical simplification of kanji, failed.
*Saisei 20 (1971) - wi, we, wo re-introduced in katakana
*Saisei 23 (1974) - wi, we, wo re-introduced in hiragana

Ròmadji is much less common *there* than *here*.  However, hangul ''is'' well-known, as Corean is the co-official language of the [[Japan|Empire]]

[[Category:Japan]]
[[Category:Language]]
[[Category:Romanization]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Judajca</title>
    <id>992</id>
    <revision>
      <id>17553</id>
      <timestamp>2005-11-02T08:56:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Judajca''' is a [[Judea]]n [[Romance Languages|Romancelang]] (set in [[Ill Bethisad]]), which is pretty much Romance that's 
been mutated to look like Hebrew (although i realized there's probably an Aramaicized dialect in the north, which in popular opinion may be considered 'bad Judajca' but linguists know that it just has a different adstrate).

Judajca has oblique and construct cases, descended respectively from Latin's nominative and genetive.

It has a definite article /ha*/ (*=geminate most following consonants), which is descended from Latin |hujus| forced into the shape of the Hebrew definite article.

Judajca's Semitic-style emphatic consonants developed roughly like this:
 /s&gt;/ &lt; /?s/ &lt; /ks/
 /t&gt;/ &lt; /?t/ &lt; /kt/
 /k&gt;/ &lt; /q/ &lt; /kw/ &amp; /gw/

The vowels are possibly the biggest problem.

The phrase &quot;axis mundi&quot; (axis of the world) in Judajca is [as&gt; hammonEz] (or maybe [...D], i'm not sure about what the fricative allophone of /d/ should be yet).

[s&gt;] of course is an abbreviation for &quot;ejective/glottalized /s/&quot;

/monEd/ develops from /mund(i)/ according to the same 'segolization' process that got Hebrew /k&gt;odES/ from /k&gt;udS/.

In Hebrew letters, for those who it comes out by: &amp;#1488;&amp;#1509;&amp;#32;&amp;#1492;&amp;#1502;&amp;#1504;&amp;#1491; or possibly &amp;#1488;&amp;#1509;&amp;#32;&amp;#1492;&amp;#1502;&amp;#1493;&amp;#1504;&amp;#1491; .

I'm not sure how Judajca full vs. defective spelling rules work yet.

[SB, adapted by [[IJzeren Jan|JvS]]]

{{Romance}}</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Abbreviations page</title>
    <id>993</id>
    <revision>
      <id>59480</id>
      <timestamp>2009-05-30T12:03:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Geoff</username>
        <id>193</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>MNR - Moghul National Realm</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">A list of abbreviations, which are frequently used in IB context:
*AÉ - An tAonstát Éireann, aka The Irish Union, aka [[Ireland]]
*BAL - [[Baltic League]]
*BK - Either [[Bohemia|Bohemian Kingdom]] or [[Batavian Kingdom]]. To avoid ambiguity, it might deserve recommendation to use '''BoK''' resp. '''BaK''' instead when necessary.
*C-L - [[Castile and Leon]]
*CSDS - [[CSDS|Confederation of Soviet Danubian States]]
*DC - Danubian Confederation
*F-C or FC [[Florida-Caribbea]] &lt;i&gt;defunct&lt;/i&gt;
*FK - [[Federated Kingdoms]]
*FNLS - [[FNLS|Front Nacunale pru Liberacune Slvanje]]
*GW1 - [[First Great War]]
*GW2 - [[Second Great War]]
*HRE - [[Germany|Holy Roman Empire]], aka Germany
*IB - [[Ill Bethisad]]
*KSD - Komuna da Statele Dalmatofone ([[Community of Dalmatophone States]])
*KTS - [[Two Sicilies|Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]]
*LA - [[Louisianne]]
*LoN - [[League of Nations]]
*MNR - [[Moghul National Realm]]
*MR - the [[Monastic Republic]]
*MS - [[Mueva Sefarad]]
*NAL - [[NAL-SLC| North American League]] (same entity as NAL-SLC)
*NAL-SLC - [[NAL-SLC|North American League/Solemn League and Covenant of North America]]
*NCF - North Caucasian Federation
*NV - [[Nassland|Nassisk Vesemir]]
*POD - [[Point of Divergence]]
*PFLS - [[PFLS|Póply Front pru Liberacune Slvanje]]
*QGG - [[QSS|Ho Gegrapha Gegrapha]] &lt;i&gt;rare&lt;/i&gt;
*QAA - [[QAA|Quod assumpsi assumpsi]]; variation on [[QSS]]
*QSS - [[QSS|Quod scripsi scripsi]]
*RF - [[Russia|Russian Federation]]
*RPN - [[RPN|Republic of Petrograd and Novgorod]]
*RTC - [[Republic of the Two Crowns]]
*SAVE - Society Against the Violation of the Environment
*SLC - [[NAL-SLC| Solemn League and Covenant of North America]] (sam entity as NAL-SLC)
*SLOB - Slov'jans'ke Bratstvo (Slavic Brotherhood; Ukrainian pendant of the [[SNOR]])
*SNOR - [[SNOR|Soyuz Narodnogo Obnovleniya Rossii]]
*SR - [[Scandinavian Realm]]
*TAR - [[East Asian Federation| Tò-A-Rempò]] (East Asian Federation)
*TGB - [[Tautos Garbės Brolija]] (Brotherhood of National Honour)
*TSRC - [[Tysk-Skandinaviske Rum Compagnie]] (German-Scandinavian Space Consortium)
*UOI - Union of Ice
*URAG - [[Galicia (RTC)|Ukrainian Autonomous Region of Galicia]]
*WH:EE - [[Movies| War in the Heavens]]
*WiLASz - Wenedka i Litwańka Akademia Szcz&amp;#281;car (Wenedyk and Lithuanian Academy of Sciences)

See also: [[News Agencies]]

[[Category:Operating Parameters]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dalmatian</title>
    <id>994</id>
    <revision>
      <id>63281</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-24T16:32:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caeruleancentaur</username>
        <id>197</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>Spelling correction.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">National language of [[Dalmatia]].  Born of Latin roots, this language is listed as a [[Romance Languages|Romance Language]].  Nations that speak Dalmatian are members of the [[Community of Dalmatophone States]].

==Afro-Dalm Patois==
Throughout Dalmatophone Africa, the official language is, in some cases amongst others, Standard Dalmatian (SD). Though even SD as spoken in Africa has felt some influence from local languages, over the many decades a local patois in almost every region has evolved based on a fusion of Dalmatian and whatever the local lingua franca happened to be. These are almost never acknowledged individually by governments, who instead lump them together with Standard Dalmatian, meaning that census results are generally misleading, as they do not distinguish between speakers of Standard Dalmatian, and those who only speak an Afrodalm Patois. None are standardised, and therefore none have an official orthography; indeed, they are seldom written down.

An example of one such &quot;Afrodalm Patois&quot;, as they are generally referred to by Dalmatian linguists, is the one spoken in southern Togo, based on a fusion of Dalmatian and Ewe. 

Two notable features that the Ewe-Dalm Patois (EDP) took from Ewe are the lack of gender and invariable verb roots; plurals can be formed by either reduplication or -(j)i. The phonology of EDP is essentially Ewe; Dalmatian phones not present in Ewe are reinterpreted. The EDP definite article is '''la''', from Ewe; it replaces the clitic '''-ul''' or '''-a''' found in Standard Dalmatian.

Verbs are invariant roots. Tense/aspect is indicated by particles that usually precede the verb.

The present tense is formed with the particle ''nye'':&lt;br/&gt;
:''Go nye merg gboa Lome.''&lt;br/&gt;
:I PRES go to Lome&lt;br/&gt;
:I go to Lome.&lt;br/&gt;

The imperfect is formed with the particle ''yi'': ''Go yi merg gboa Lome.'' The past perfect is formed with the particle ''vo'': ''Go vo merg gboa Lome.'' The future, with ''a'' - ''go a merg gboa Lome'' - and the future perfect, with ''wo'': ''Go wo merg gboa Lome.'' Negation happens with the structure ''ne''+V ... ''o'': ''Go nye nemerg gboa Lome o.'' (I do not go to Lome). The progressive uses the particle ''no'' prefixed to the tense-marking particle: ''Go nonye merg gboa Lome'', ''Tu noyi manx la poana'' (You were eating the bread). Habituality is indicated with the particle ''nwa'': ''Go nwanye merg gboa Lome'' (I regularly go to Lome). The ingressive, expressing desire, is indicated with the suffix ''-le'' attached to the subject and the reduplication of the verb: ''Gole nye mergmerg gboa Lome'' (I want to go to Lome). The imperative is formed with the prefix ''na-'' attached to the verb: ''namerg!'', and the negative imperative, with ''nega-'': ''negamerg!''.

Comparison of adjectives is as follows:
:''La kastel le grand.'' (The castle is big/the big castle)&lt;br/&gt;
:''La kastel wu grand.'' (The castle is bigger/the bigger castle)&lt;br/&gt;
:''La kastel wuwo grand kata.'' (The castle is the biggest/the biggest castle)&lt;br/&gt;
:''La kastel wu grand la libru'' (The castle is bigger than the book)&lt;br/&gt;

For comparative purposes, here are a few simple texts presented in both Standard Dalmatian and Ewe-Dalm Patois:

1. Gloria

SD: Gloria a Patrul e a Fiyul e a Spretul Santu, sku aira in ineciul, ye nunk e szampru, e in seklu da sekluri.&lt;br/&gt;
EDP: Glojya a la Pat e a la Fiyu e a la Spetu Sant, sku yi le in ineci, nye le nunk eye a le in seklu da seklu.

2. Paternoster

SD: Patrul da nos, ke yes in kelul, santa ye nomnaya da tai. Benia riamnul da tai; faszemea bolunta da tai sku in kelul e af tiaraya. Duan a nos auxie poanul da nos kotixul e ximet a nos daitele da nos, sku e nos ximetme daitoruri da nos.
E ne inducz nos in-a tentoacaya, se liaroat nos da malu. Amen.&lt;br/&gt;
EDP: Pat da nos, tu nye le in la kel, la nomna-da-tu nye le sant. Jyamna-da-tule nye benyabenya; bolunta-da-tu wo fasz af la tyara sku e nye le fasz in la kel. Naduan a nos axye la poan ke nos jecep la xixi kata (give to us today the bread we get every day), eye naximet a nos la daiteji da nos, sku nos noa ximet a wos ke nye le daitori a nos. Eye negainduc nos gboa la tentwaca, se naliarwat nos da la mal. Amen.

3. The Dalmatian National Anthem (here, the EDP &quot;translation&quot; is literal and for meaning, not an attempt to maintain the poetic structure of the SD original)

SD: Af Adria biala stoa Dalmatia, szampru liara. Vo tuati vraguri daviandamerme tai, O mamna Patria, Dalmatia!&lt;br/&gt;
EDP: Af la Adria byala nye sto Dalmacya, tyaja ke nye le szampru lyaj. O, Pat-tyaja da nos, Dalmacya, me a davianda tu vo vejagvejag kata.


== Links ==

* [http://www.geocities.com/dalmatesku/l1.html Grammar of the Dalmatian Language]

{{Romance}}</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Judea</title>
    <id>995</id>
    <revision>
      <id>63923</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-25T16:21:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caeruleancentaur</username>
        <id>197</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>Grammar, style, spelling corrections.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=&amp;#1512;&amp;#1508;&amp;#1489;&amp;#1500;&amp;#1499;&amp;#1514;&amp;#32;&amp;#1497;&amp;#1492;&amp;#1493;&amp;#1491;&amp;#1492;&lt;br&gt;Republicat Jhuda&lt;br&gt;Commonwealth of Judea}}
{{shortname infobox|vernacular=יהודה&lt;br&gt;Jhuda|english=Judea}} 
{{image infobox|file=Judea_flag.gif|caption=State flag of {{PAGENAME}} }}
&lt;!-- {{motto infobox|motto=THE MOTTO!}} 
{{lang2 infobox|official=OFICIAL LANGUAGE|others=OTHER LANGUAGES}}
{{cities infobox|capital=CAPITAL|largest=LARGEST CITY|other=IMPORTANT CITIES}}
{{cities2 infobox|capital=CAPITAL|other=IMPORTANT CITIES}}
{{ruler infobox|title=HEAD OF STATE|name=NAME OF HoS}}
{{ruler infobox|title=CHIEF OF GOVERNMENT|name=NAME OF CoG}}
{{area infobox|area=AREA}}
{{population infobox|population=POPULATION|adjective=ADJECTIVE}}
{{independence infobox|from=RULING NATION|dec_date=DATE OF DECLARATION|rec_date=DATE OF RECOGNITION}}
{{independence2 infobox|from=RULING NATION|date=DATE}}
{{currency infobox|currency=CURRENCY}}
{{organization infobox|organization=SUPRANATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS}}
--&gt;
{{close infobox}}
'''Judea''' is a country in the Middle East.

&lt;!--
==Administration==
===Government===
HOW GOVERNMENT IS ORGANIZED
===Administrative Divisions===
LIST OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS
--&gt;
==History==
&lt;b&gt;A Short History of Judea, From the Point of Divergence:&lt;/b&gt;

The *here* and *there* histories of Judea diverge after the Bar Kokhba Revolt of 132-135 CE. *Here*, the Roman Emperor, Hadrian, made decrees against Judaism, rebuilt Jerusalem as a Roman city &quot;Aelia Capitolina&quot;, exiled and/or sold into slavery much of the population, and renamed the country &quot;(Syria) Palestina&quot;. The Hadrianic persecutions lasted until 138 CE. 

&lt;nowiki&gt;*There*&lt;/nowiki&gt;, on the other hand, Hadrian took a different approach. He gathered soldiers and civilians from all over the Empire (but most of them were from one area), and swamped Judea with imperial colonists. He didn't mind if there was still a province of the Empire named Judea, and a city named Jerusalem, but he wanted to de-Judaize the country. Only colonists were allowed to hold government offices or any other kind of power, and both Hebrew and Aramaic were discouraged. 

However, his plan backfired, as over the following centuries, even though Judea was still part of the [[Roman Empire]], the colonists for the most part 'went native'. Their only victory was the slow replacement of Hebrew and Aramaic by Romance; however, this proceeded so slowly that the form of Romance spoken in Judea became heavily influenced by the Semitic language environment, imitating Hebrew in many phonological and grammatical ways. Although originally rejected as the hated 'Soldier-Speak', the language known for most of its history as Ittalcit (&quot;Italian&quot;) eventually became the vernacular of the majority of the population. 

And then the Islamic Empire (late 7th century) burst out of Arabia and swept across the Middle-East. Roman Judea fell, and came under the islamicizing and arabicizing influences. This lasted for a few hundred years, until the Islamic Empire began to break up into rival caliphates. In the confusion, Judea declared its independence, and the Third Jewish Commonwealth began. 

Unfortunately, just as they had gained control of enough territory to make Judea a viable state, in the 11th century CE the Crusaders came sailing in from the Mediterranean, and set about Liberating The Holy Land From The Infidels. Caught between 'Edom' and 'Ishmael', Judea - even though its military was greatly enhanced by refugees from the falling Khazaria - couldn't maintain its independence. The crusaders, like *here*, waded knee-deep in blood as they sacked Jerusalem. 

Those who survived escaped into the deserts and mountains, and fought a guerrilla war against both the Crusaders and Arabs (commonly playing one side against the other) that lasted almost 500 years. Eventually, some time in the 16th century, the Judeans finally kicked out the European Crusader forces, while keeping the caliphates from rushing in to take their place. The Fourth Jewish Commonwealth was inaugurated, and began secret political relations and trade with Mueva Sefarad in North America (since MS hadn't yet revealed itself). 

When the Ottomans conquered the Middle East and much of the Balkans, the Fourth Commonwealth allied itself with the mostly Druze nation of Lebanon and successfully repelled the Turks from most of the Levant. This lasted until the mid-1800s, when the [[Ottoman Empire]] conquered Judea and Lebanon. Armed resistance was fierce, but neither nation resorted to protracted guerrilla warfare when in the years after the conquest they saw that the Ottoman Turks weren't interested in religious persecution or ethnic assimilation, just empire-building.  This lasted until a few years after the First Great War, around 1922, as the separatist movements in the Ottoman Empire spread southeastwards from the Balkans into the Mideast. Thus, the Fifth Commonwealth began. 

In the [[Second Great War]] Judea fought on the allied side and dispatched its soldiers to fight [[Ethiopia]]n forces in [[Egypt]].

==Geography==
&lt;!-- GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRIES GEOGRAPHY --&gt;
===Borders===
North: [[Lebanon]].&lt;br&gt;
West: Mediterranean Sea.&lt;br&gt;
Southwest: [[Egypt]].&lt;br&gt;
Southeast: [[Hijaaz]].&lt;br&gt;
East: [[Bedouin Free State]].&lt;br&gt;
Northeast: [[Syria]].&lt;br&gt;
&lt;!--
==Economy==
RELEVANT ASPECTS OF THE NATION'S ECONOMICAL SECTOR, EXPORTED PRODUCTS, ETC...
==Culture==
RELEVANT ASPECTS OF THE NATION'S CULTURE
===Languages===
===Religion===
--&gt;
==See also==
See also: [[Judajca]]


'''An Incomplete List of Middle-Eastern Countries in IB, c.2002:''' 

*Judea (Commonwealth of Judea)
*[[Lebanon]] (Lebanese Union)
*[[Hijaaz]] (Hashemite Kingdom of the Hijaaz)
*[[United Arab Emirates]] (includes Bahrain and Qatar)
*[[Kuwayt]] (Shaykhdom of Kuwayt)
*[[Kurdistan]]
*[[Turkey]] (Republic of Turkey)
*[[Armenia]]
*[[Azerbaijan]]
*[[Iraaq|‘Iraaq]]
*[[Syria]]
*[[Yemen]]
*[[Egypt]]
*[[Saudi Arabia|Sa‘udi ‘Arabia]]
*[[Al-Basra]] (Ecotopic Arab Republic of Al-Basra)

&lt;i&gt;Relationships and Info:&lt;/i&gt;

Judea and Lebanon are allies; both have more-or-less friendly relations with Syria. Periodically, tensions flare up because of arguments over the water resources of the mountain regions at their borders. The Hijaaz is constantly in conflict with Sa‘udi ‘Arabia, which wants to 'purify' Mecca and Medina and impose Wahhabi Islam on them. [[Armenia]] is substantially bigger than it is *here*, and includes much of what is *here* northeastern [[Turkey]]. Southeastern [[Turkey]] is part of Kurdistan. [[Al-Basra]] began in the aftermath of the 1991 war when ‘Iraaq tried to conquer Kuwayt. A coalition of regional powers, as well as other nations interested in the stability of the oil trade, drove the ‘Iraaqi forces north out of Kuwayt, causing heavy damage to the formerly bustling marsh region around the port of Basra City in the process. After the war, with ‘Iraaq's military power broken, the people of Basra City and the southern marshlands near Kuwayt and the Gulf seceded. The leaders of the revolution put forth a platform of protecting the environment, including weaning the area's economy and lifestyle away from dependence on fossil fuels (because of the ecological damage inflicted by the wrecked oil fields of the area in the war). 

&lt;b&gt;JEWISH DIASPORA&lt;/b&gt;

There '''is''' a Jewish Diaspora *there*, and Mueva Sefarad is part of it. After all, the diaspora did not start with the Hadrianic Persecutions; there was already a diaspora during the Second Temple/Second Commonwealth period. There is still a diaspora in [[Ill Bethisad]]; just because there was a stronger, continuous Jewish presence in Judea doesn't mean that everyone lived there, or that it was a nice place to be. After all, the Judeans were hiding out in caves, fighting for their lives during a Crusader period that lasted *500* years! 

'''MUEVA SEFARAD'''

Which brings us to Mueva Sefarad. Mueva Sefarad (&quot;New Spain&quot; in Judeo-Spanish) is a province of the [[NAL-SLC| North American League]] on what is *here* Newfoundland Island and the southeastern corner of Labrador. It was originally settled by Jewish refugees from the Spanish Expulsion of 1492. Later they were joined by Spanish Muslims, Anusim (&quot;Marranos&quot;, Crypto-Jews) and their Muslim equivalent, as well as sincere &quot;New Christians&quot; who no matter how hard they tried weren't accepted into Iberian society. Then, in the 20th century immigrants from other parts of the world started coming also. 

But the reason why the Sefardim sailed off into the wild unknowns of the North Atlantic was because they couldn't go east across the Mediterranean to Italy, Turkey, the Levant, etc., like they did *here* - because *there* the Crusades were still going on, and it wasn't safe for them. 

Where Jordan is *here*, over *there* is taken up by a few different countries. The western part of Jordan is part of Judea. The northeastern part is split between Syria and Iraq. The southeastern area is part of the Bedouin Free State, an amorphous sort of zone with no real centralized government that is bounded on the west by the Red Sea and Judea, the southwest by Hijaaz, the south by Saudi Arabia, the east by Basra, and the north by Iraq and Syria. 

'''WESTERN ASIA'''

According to what I posted about the Middle East, [[Armenia]] is an independent country substantially larger than it is *here*, including much of what *here* is north-eastern [[Turkey]]. If you have no objections to that, Azerbaijan and [[Georgia]] could still be part of [[Russia]] even if [[Armenia]] is not; or they could have recently asserted their independence, like *here*. The Central Asian borders, as far as I know, have not been set yet; although I am assuming that [[Iran]] and Afghanistan look roughly the same *there* as they do *here*. 

[What about if [[Russia]] conquered the whole area during its early-1900's fighting with the Ottoman Empire; then, after the fall of the [[SNOR]], Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan formed some kind of &quot;Caucasus Federation&quot; (which it looks like they tried to do for a little bit *here* in the early 20th century). Or, the Ottomans could conquer the whole area, start the Armenian Genocide, but then the Armenians fight back, declaring their independence and sending another set of nationalist ripples through the Empire, helping it break up in the 1920's. Maybe that is when they start a Caucasian Federation, except *there* it works and they keep out both the Turks and the Russians.] 

[[File:Ju-warensign.gif|200px|thumb|right|Army flag and war ensign]]
[[File:Ju-af.gif|200px|thumb|right|Air Force ensign]]
[[File:Ju-af-rdl.gif|200px|thumb|right|Air Force roundel]]
[[File:Ju-proposal.gif|200px|thumb|right|A proposal for the state flag]]
[[File:Ju-ship-ct.gif|200px|thumb|right|House flag of the shipping firm &quot;Cnagan-Tarsis&quot;]]

----

[[Category:Nations in the Middle East]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Castellano</title>
    <id>996</id>
    <revision>
      <id>12096</id>
      <timestamp>2005-02-15T19:02:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Chlewey</username>
        <id>14</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Castilian]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Corean Romanization</title>
    <id>997</id>
    <revision>
      <id>12097</id>
      <timestamp>2005-03-05T06:08:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">= Romanization of Corean in Ill Bethisad =

The main romanization system for [[Corea| Corean]] in [[Ill Bethisad|IB]] is known as the Johnson Romanization after its founder.  Several older systems existed, and these romanizations are sometimes preserved in the names of [[Corporations]] or Corean immigrants.

Consonants:&lt;br&gt;
Aspiration shown by a suffixed h (e.g., th instead of *here*'s t')&lt;br&gt;
&lt;nowiki&gt;L/R&lt;/nowiki&gt; written as l or r, but never as n or null&lt;br&gt;
Ng is written as Ñ&lt;br&gt;
Apostrophes are used to disambiguate&lt;br&gt;
Apostrophe used to indicate glottalized stops (doubled in most romanizations *here*)
Everything else is the same as *here*'s &lt;nowiki&gt;McCune-Reischauer&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Vowels:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;nowiki&gt;McCune-Reischauer&lt;/nowiki&gt; to Johnson&lt;br&gt;
E -&gt; Ei&lt;br&gt;
Ae -&gt; Ai&lt;br&gt;
Wi -&gt; Ui&lt;br&gt;
Oe -&gt; Oi&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#365; -&gt; Y (u-breve)&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#335; -&gt; E (o-breve)&lt;br&gt;
Y and W are writen as i and u&lt;br&gt;
All others the same

Summary (first column is Johnson, second is *here*'s &lt;nowiki&gt;McCune-Reischauer&lt;/nowiki&gt;, third is *here*'s South Korean Revised Romanization)

&lt;b&gt;Vowels&lt;/b&gt;
 &amp;#12643; i      i        i
 &amp;#12628; ei     e        e
 &amp;#12624; ai     ae       ae
 &amp;#12639; ui     wi       wi
 &amp;#12634; oi     oe       oe
 &amp;#12641; y      &amp;#365;        eu
 &amp;#12627; e      &amp;#335;        eo
 &amp;#12623; a      a        a
 &amp;#12636; u      u        u
 &amp;#12631; o      o        o
 &amp;#12625; ia     ya       ya
 &amp;#12626; iai    yae      yae
 &amp;#12629; ie     y&amp;#335;       yeo
 &amp;#12630; iei    ye       ye
 &amp;#12635; io     yo       yo
 &amp;#12640; iu     yu       yu
 &amp;#12632; ua     wa       wa
 &amp;#12633; uai    wae      wae
 &amp;#12637; ue     w&amp;#335;       weo
 &amp;#12638; uei    we       we
 &amp;#12642; yi     &amp;#365;i       eui
&lt;b&gt;Consonants&lt;/b&gt;
 &amp;#12593; k/g      k/g      g
 &amp;#12596; n        n        n
 &amp;#12599; t/d      t/d      d
 &amp;#12601; l/r/Ø/n  l/r/Ø/n  l/r/Ø/n
 &amp;#12609; m        m        m
 &amp;#12610; p/b      p/b      b
 &amp;#12613; s        s (sh)   s
 &amp;#12615; ñ/Ø      ng/Ø     ng/Ø
 &amp;#12616; ch/j     ch/j     j
 &amp;#12618; chh      ch'      ch
 &amp;#12619; kh       k'       k
 &amp;#12620; th       t'       t
 &amp;#12621; ph       p'       p
 &amp;#12622; h        h        h
 &amp;#12594; k'       kk       kk
 &amp;#12600; t'       tt       tt
 &amp;#12611; p'       pp       pp
 &amp;#12614; s'       ss       ss
 &amp;#12617; ch'      cch      cch

[[Category:Romanization]]
[[Category:Corea]]
[[Category:Japan]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Brithenig</title>
    <id>998</id>
    <revision>
      <id>63819</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-11T14:56:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Benkarnell</username>
        <id>190</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Ib-britain-ireland-linguas.png|frame|right|Language Families of Britain and Ireland]]

Brithenig is a [[Romance Languages|Romance language]] spoken in [[Kemr]] and various Kemrese territories overseas.  Created by [[User:AndrewSmith|Andrew Smith]].  It can be said to be the ''Langue Fondatrice'' of Ill Bethisad.

See the Page of Brithenig: http://hobbit.griffler.co.nz/introduction.html for more on the language.&lt;br&gt;
Mirror site: http://wiki.frath.net/Brithenig


{{Western Romance}}</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Breathanach</title>
    <id>999</id>
    <revision>
      <id>17407</id>
      <timestamp>2005-11-01T15:20:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Template</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Ib-britain-ireland-linguas.png|frame|right|Language Families of Britain and Ireland]]

Spoken in south-west [[Scotland]], and in [[Uladh an Oirthir]] in [[Ireland]]. See http://www.cix.co.uk/~morven/lang/breath.html for more.

{{Western Romance}}

[[Category:Federated Kingdoms]]
[[Category:Ireland]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Biloxien</title>
    <id>1000</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31958</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-01T05:13:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Biloxien''' is a native creole existing in [[Biloxi et Mobile|Biloxi-et-Mobile]], colony cities of [[Louisianne]], which is under threat from [[Hayti]]an Creole.  While official government business is conducted in [[Francien|French]] it very often degenerates into Biloxien when tempers flare.

------------
If I can ever find out more on how Creole works, I'm going to conlang this, dangit! [DH]

[[Category:Language]]
[[Category:Louisianne]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ireland</title>
    <id>1001</id>
    <revision>
      <id>57375</id>
      <timestamp>2009-02-18T12:57:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kgaughan</username>
        <id>32</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>Fixed some minor misspellings.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=An tAonsdát Éireann ([[Gaeilg]]) &lt;br&gt;Irish Union (English)}}
{{image infobox|file=Ie_sunburst_med.png|216px|caption=Flag of {{PAGENAME}} }}
{{motto infobox|motto=Fé Mhóid Bheith Saor (Sworn to be free)}}
{{lang2 infobox|official=[[Gaeilg]], [[Brithenig]], [[Breathanach]]|others=[[Manoeg]], [[Kerno]], [[Yola]]}}
{{cities infobox|capital=Dubhlinn. Cill Chainnigh is the seat of government.|largest=Dubhlinn|other=Béal Feirsde, Corcaigh, Gaillimh, Luimneach, Baile an Doire}}
{{ruler infobox|title=Príomhaire (Premier)|name=Brian Ó Comhain}}
{{ruler infobox|title=Uachtarán (President)|name=Máire Pádraigín Mhic Ghiolla Íosa}}
{{area infobox|area=84,116km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;}}
{{population infobox|population=12,350,000
|adjective=people}}
{{currency infobox|currency=Líre}}
{{close infobox}}

'''Ireland''' was for many centuries a colonial domain of the Kingdom of [[Kemr]]. After decades of agitation, in 1922 the Irish won their independence from [[Kemr]] and formed the '''Irish Freestate'''. Gaelic is the everyday language, though [[Brithenig]] is still taught in schools and is important still for economic purposes. After federalisation of 1956, the country came to be called the '''Irish Union'''.

==Administration==

===Government===

The AÉ has a (nominally) unicameral legislature, consisting solely of the ''Dáil''. It sits in Caislean Chill Chainnigh and is considered a continuation of the ''Oireachtas Comhaontascach'' (Confederate General Assembly).

In addition, Coiste Cónascach (Federal Committee) sits as the de-facto upper house. Each ''Uasal''  from each of the tuatha has a seat on it. The Uachtarán chairs the council, but normally doesn't directly participate in the debates, though if needed can cast a deciding vote. This council does not run the country, but acts as an advisory body to the sitting government. This body is also charged with protecting the constitution and can reject bills and statutory instruments on those grounds with approval of the Uachtarán.

===Political Parties===

===Divisions===

The country is divided into the traditional ''Cúigí'' (lit. ''fifths'', sg. ''Cúige'') or provinces. These are further divided into federal territories or ''Tuatha'' (sg. ''Tuath'').

{|
! Tuath/Territory      || Priomhbaile/Capital || English Name
|-
| [[Tír Chonnaill]]    || Lítir Ceannain      || Tyrconnell
|-
| [[Tír Bréifne]]      || Sligeach            || Breffny
|-
| [[Airgialla]]        || Baile an Doire      || Oriel
|-
| [[Uladh an Oirthir]] || Béal Feirsde        || East Ulster
|-
| [[Iarchonnachda]]    || Gaillimh            || West Connaught
|-
| [[Tír Boruma]]       || Luimneach           || Thomond
|-
| [[An Iarmhí]]        || Ath Luain           || West Meath
|-
| [[Laighean]]         || Dubhlinn            || Leinster
|-
| [[Osraighe]]         || Cill Chainnigh      || Ossory
|-
| [[An Déise]]         || Port Láirge         || Decies/Ormond
|-
| [[Eóganachd]]        || Trá Li              || Desmond
|}

Each territory is further divided into ''Ceantar'' (often translated as ''cantons'', ''districts'', or ''baronies''), each of which consists of a number of ''Paraisde'' (''parishes''), when are further divided into ''bailte fearainn'' (''townlands'').

In addition, there is one ''autonomous district'' around and including the city of Corcaigh, called ''[[Corcaigh|Ceantar an Phobail Féinrialach Eíceatópaic Corcaí]]'', having the same rights as a territory, but lacking the ability to have its leader sit on the Federal Council of State. [[Montserrat]], which recently successfully petitioned to join the AÉ after a referendum is currently an autonomous district, but will become a territory as soon as its constitutional status is fully resolved.

==History==

==Geography==

[[Image:Ae-political-map.png]]

==Economy==

===Currency===

The exchange rate between the FK Pound and the AÉ Líre is £1/- (FK) = £1/1 (AÉ), with a metal content of 1750 grain pure silver, though the currency was initially valued £1/1 (FK) = £1/- (AÉ) to inspire confidence in the value of the new currency, though later devalued to its current rate by the currency commission once it was established. The currency is used as legal tender in Ireland itself (including the newly incorporated territory of [[Montserrat]]), [[South Florida|Western Peninsular Florida]] (for the duration of the occupation), and alongside the Commonweath Pound in [[Guereintia|Tír Ghearoinn]].

The primary denominations are:

{|
|1 Líre
|=
|20 Soilte
|-
|1 Soilt
|=
|2 Ríúile
|-
|1 Ríúl
|=
|6 Deneair
|}

The ''Denear'' is colloquially referred to as the ''Ceanog'' (pl. ''Ceanoga''). The plural form of ''Líre'' is ''Líreanna''.

The common note denominations are 10/-, £1, £5, £10, £20, £50, £100, £200, and £500. There are larger notes used for banking transfers as in the FK.

The bronze coins are: -/0.5 (leatdhenear/ceanoigín), -/1 (denear/ceanog), -/2.

The silver coins are: -/3 (leatríúl), -/6 (ríúl), 1/- (soilt), 2/6 (Laighean only), 5/-.

All gold coins are commemorative.

Currency is controlled by Federal Currency Commission. This body controls which banks are allowed to issue notes, though in reality the only banks that do are The People's Trust in Cork, the Provincial Bank of Ireland and the Bank of Leinster. The obverse of the coins is allowed to vary according to the minting authority, but this doesn't happen in practice.

==Culture==

===Languages===

Gaelic ([[Gaeilg]]) is understood by all the population, but is not the only language spoken.

In Osraighe and An Déise, there are populations that speak an highly archaic dialect of English known as [[Wikipedia:Yola_language|Yola]]. Under threat up until the 1970s, a movement to preserve the language began to gather momentum in the 1960s. Osraighe also has a small but strong [[Kerno]]-speaking community.

In Laighean, which has a large number of people of Kemrese descent, [[Brithenig]] is widely spoken. Indeed, the Kemrese population there is so great that it was one of the factors that lead to the rise of federalism during the latter part of the Civil War. The territory also has numbers of [[Kerno]] and [[Manoeg]] speakers.

Uladh an Oirthir has a substantial [[Breathanach]]-speaking population.

Under the articles of [[Bunreachd na hÉireann]], the languages with recognition as ''official languages'' are Gaeilg, Breathanach and Brithenig. Yola and Manoeg are recognised as ''protected languages''.

===Religion===

Ireland is primarily [[Cambrian Rite Catholicism]] (locally called ''Celtic Rite Catholicism''), with other rites also practiced. The largest Protestant denomination is the [[Presbyterian Church]], followed by the [[Evangelic Church in Kemr|Evangelic Church]]. There is also a substantial and vibrant [[Judaism|Jewish]] population in urban areas, particularly in Corcaigh, Luimneach, Dubhlinn, and Béal Feirsde. [[An Graveth|Cravethism]] is gaining in popularity amongst the young, but is frowned on in general.

Other minority religions include [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Islam]] and [[Buddhism]].

===Music===

===National Symbols===

The national colour is green, and this is used by various sporting federations as their strip colour. In part, this symbolises the Irish landscape, and in part the national plant, the White Clover.

The White Clover (Gaeilg: ''Seamróg'') is the national plant and an unofficial emblem of Ireland. Nowadays the Yellow or Lesser Clover is commonly used in its place. According to legend it was used to explain the doctrine of the Trinity by Saint Patrick; it's likely however that its symbolism dates back even further as triads were a common motif in pre-Christian religion and art on the island. It is worn on Saint Patrick's Day, and can be found incorporated into the symbols of various national and state bodies.

[[Image:Ireland_coa.png|frame|right|The Coat of Arms of [[Ireland]]]]
The official state emblem is the Harp of [[Brian Boru]]. Brian Boru is seen historically as the last true High King of Ireland. The Harp, which currently resides in [[Ardscoil na Tríonóide]], actually dates back to the 1400s, 400 years after the death of Brian Boru and was simply named in his honour.

The harp is currently used as part of the Coat of Arms of Ireland and is used on all state documents, seals, and legal tender. It forms the primary element of the Presidential Standard and the the [[Great Seal of the Irish Union|Great Seal of the Union]].

===Literature===

[Need to expand these.]

* [[Éamonn de Burca]] (Edmond Burke)
* [[Liam de Buitlear Geats]] (W.B. Yeats)
* [[Seamus Seoige]] (James Joyce)
* [[Eoin Singe]] (John Millington Synge)
* [[Oscar de Bhílde]] (Oscar Wilde)
* [[Somhairle de Becquet]] (Samuel Beckett)
* [[Seoirse Bearnárd Ó Sé]] (George Bernard Shaw)
* [[Eonatán Rhebidd]] (Jonathan Swift)

===Religion===

===Science===

* [[Uilliam fíl Tomás]], the Laird Kelvin.

==Also See==

*[[Guereintia|Tír Ghearoinn]]
*[http://talideon.com/concultures/ae/ Aonsdát Éireann Homepage]

[[Category:Nations in Europe]]
[[Category:Ireland]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Arvorec</title>
    <id>1002</id>
    <revision>
      <id>18578</id>
      <timestamp>2005-11-10T14:03:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added template</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{Celtic}}

'''Arvorec''' is a language of the Gallo-Brythonic branch of the [[Celtic Languages|Celtic]] family, spoken natively in the [[Armorica|Armorican Isles]] by around 130,000 people and in several overseas expatriate communities, particularly in [[Brittany]], [[Kemr]] and [[Louisianne]].

Arvorec is a direct descendant of fourth century Aremorican Gaulish, from which almost 80% of the language's vocabulary is derived, either through native inheritance or via reborrowing of ancient Gaulish words (such as &lt;i&gt;cerda&lt;/i&gt; &quot;work collective&quot;). The first written records in a distinguishably &quot;Arvorec&quot; form of the language date to the seventh century.

Currently, the language is regulated by the &lt;i&gt;Cadh an Y&amp;ecirc;th&lt;/i&gt;, a subsection of the Isles' bardic college. During the eighteenth century, a group of Armorican literati bemoaned the increasing use of loan-words in the language and set upon a policy of re-Celticising the language, proposing neologisms based on native roots or reborrowing from Gaulish to replace many of the [[Romance Languages|Romance]] loans. The changes were largely adopted by the public, with only the domain of Christianity remaining largely unaffected. 

Still today the preservation of the native language is taken seriously by the Arvorchedeth, rather than borrow foreign words for new concepts, new words are diligently created for public use from native sources (for example the Arvorec word for &quot;computer&quot; is &lt;i&gt;r&amp;ecirc;vyth&lt;/i&gt;, from &lt;i&gt;r&amp;ecirc;f&lt;/i&gt; &quot;number&quot; and the suffix &lt;i&gt;-yth&lt;/i&gt;, denoting a tool.

Arvorec shares with its parent Gaulish the status of an official language of the Armorican Isles. While both are technically fully equal, Arvorec is the daily language of government, and laws are drafted in Arvorec. However, all laws are translated into Gaulish and the Isles' constitution is written in both Gaulish and Arvorec (with the Gaulish version taking precedence in Arvorec jurisprudence).

There are four major dialects spoken within the Isles themselves: Ceyserec on Ceyser, Saernec on Saern and Gosaera, Rydonec on Rydon and Serchec on Serch. It is said that Serchec is the most archaic and the closest to the formal literary standard and that Rydonec is the most innovative, having borrowed many features from the Normand dialect of the nearby Cotentin peninsula.


==100-Word Swadesh List==

{|
| I || you || we || this || that || who? || what? || no || all || a lot
|-
| '''my''' || '''ty''' || '''ny''' || '''homma''' || '''honna''' || '''pwy?''' || '''pa beth?''' || '''na''' || '''pawb''' || '''lwydh'''
|-
| [mi] || [ti] || [ni] || [hom'ma] || [hon'na] || [pwi] || [p@'beT] || [na] || [paub] || [lujD]
|-
| one || two || big || long || small || human || man || woman || fish || bird
|-
| '''wn''' || '''daw''' || '''mawr''' || '''hŷr''' || '''bych''' || '''denyth''' || '''dyn''' || '''bean''' || '''pysc''' || '''adaeryn'''
|-
| [u:n] || [d@u] || [m@ur] || [hi:r] || [bix] || ['deniT] || [din] || [b&amp;an] || [pisk] || [a'd@irin]
|-
| dog || louse || tree || seed || leaf || root || &lt;small&gt;(tree-)&lt;/small&gt;bark || skin || meat || blood
|-
| '''cy''' || '''low''' || '''tanen''' || '''had''' || '''delen''' || '''gwrêth''' || '''rosc''' || '''crochen''' || '''cych''' || '''crw'''
|-
| [ki] || [lO:] || ['tanen] || [had] || ['delen] || [g_wre:T] || [rosk] || ['kroxen] || [kix] || [kru:]
|-
| bone || &lt;small&gt;(body-)&lt;/small&gt;fat || egg || head || horn || tail || feather || hair || ear || eye
|-
| '''cneyf''' || '''tew''' || '''aw''' || '''pen''' || '''carn''' || '''lâs''' || '''edaf''' || '''golth''' || '''clws''' || '''lagad'''
|-
| [kneif] || [teu] || [@u] || [pen] || [karn] || [la:s] || ['edaf] || [golT] || [klu:s] || ['lagad]
|-
| nose || mouth || tooth || tongue || &lt;small&gt;(finger-)&lt;/small&gt;nail || leg || knee || hand || stomach || neck
|-
| '''trwyn''' || '''gen''' || '''dant''' || '''tavod''' || '''tarenc''' || '''câs''' || '''glŷn''' || '''law''' || '''târ''' || '''menygel'''
|-
| [trujn] || [gen] || [dan] || ['tavod] || ['tareNk] || [ka:s] || [gli:n] || [l@u] || [ta:r] || ['menigel]
|-
| breast || heart || liver || &lt;small&gt;to&lt;/small&gt; drink || &lt;small&gt;to&lt;/small&gt; eat || &lt;small&gt;to&lt;/small&gt; bite || &lt;small&gt;to&lt;/small&gt; see || &lt;small&gt;to&lt;/small&gt; hear || &lt;small&gt;to&lt;/small&gt; know || &lt;small&gt;to&lt;/small&gt; sleep
|-
| '''wth''' || '''craeth''' || '''avw''' || '''yfed''' || '''debry''' || '''tava''' || '''gweled''' || '''clywed''' || '''gwydha''' || '''hýny'''
|-
| [u:T] || [kr@iT] || ['avu:] || ['ifed] || ['debri] || ['tava] || ['g_weled] || ['kliwed] || [g_wujDa] || ['h1ni]
|-
| &lt;small&gt;to&lt;/small&gt; die || &lt;small&gt;to&lt;/small&gt; kill || &lt;small&gt;to&lt;/small&gt; swim || &lt;small&gt;to&lt;/small&gt; fly || &lt;small&gt;to&lt;/small&gt; go || &lt;small&gt;to&lt;/small&gt; come || &lt;small&gt;to&lt;/small&gt; lie &lt;small&gt;(down)&lt;/small&gt; || &lt;small&gt;to&lt;/small&gt; sit || &lt;small&gt;to&lt;/small&gt; stand || &lt;small&gt;to&lt;/small&gt; give
|-
| '''merwy''' || '''ladhon''' || '''naedhy''' || '''naedya''' || '''myned''' || '''dyvyned''' || '''cyvydha''' || '''hedhed''' || '''savael''' || '''rodhy'''
|-
|  ['merwi] || ['laDon] || ['n@iDi] || ['n@idja] || ['mined] || [di'vined] || [ki'viDa] || ['heDed] || [sa'v@il] || ['roDi]
|-
| &lt;small&gt;to&lt;/small&gt; say || sun || moon || star || water || rain || stone || sand || earth || cloud
|-
| '''heby''' || '''hawl''' || '''lôr''' || '''seren''' || '''dwr''' || '''glaw''' || '''carrec''' || '''aeryn''' || '''talaf''' || '''nwyl'''
|-
| ['hebi] || [h@ul] || [lo:r] || ['seren] || [du:r] || [gl@u] || ['karek] || ['@irin] || ['talaf] || [nujl]
|-
| smoke || fire || ash || &lt;small&gt;to&lt;/small&gt; burn || road || mountain || red || green || yellow || white
|-
| '''mŷch''' || '''tan''' || '''lwdw''' || '''lescy''' || '''camyn''' || '''myneth''' || '''rwth''' || '''glas''' || '''beth''' || '''gwyn'''
|-
| [mi:x] || [tan] || ['lu:du:] || ['leski] || ['kamin] || ['mineT] || [ru:T] || [glas] || [beT] || [g_win]
|-
| black || night || hot || cold || full || new || good || round || dry || name
|-
| '''du''' || '''nos''' || '''twym''' || '''ôr''' || '''lawn''' || '''newyth''' || '''da''' || '''cylchec''' || '''tarth''' || '''anw'''
|-
| [du] || [nos] || [trujm] || [o:r] || [l@un] || ['newiT] || [da] || ['kilxik] || [tarT] || [anu:]
|}

[[Category:Armorica]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Uralic</title>
    <id>1004</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26712</id>
      <timestamp>2006-01-09T08:47:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jan II.</username>
        <id>21</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Classification of Uralic languages in Ill Bethisad */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">=== Classification of Uralic languages in Ill Bethisad ===

Uralic (&gt; ?[[Japanese]], ?[[Korean]], ?[[Altaic]])

{| style=&quot;background:#eeffff; text-align:right&quot; align=center border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|rowspan=14 | [[Uralic]]
|rowspan=6  | [[Samoyedic]]
|rowspan=3 |      North Samoyedic
|colspan=2 |                Nenets
|colspan=2 |                                Forest Nenets&lt;br&gt;Tundra Nenets
|-
|colspan=2 |                Enets
|colspan=2 |                                Baykha Enets&lt;br&gt;Khantaysk Enets
|-
|colspan=4 |                                Nganasan
|-
|rowspan=3 |      South Samoyedic
|colspan=2 |                Selkup
|colspan=2 |                                Ket&lt;br&gt;Taz&lt;br&gt;Tym
|-
|colspan=4 |                Kamass †
|-
|colspan=4 |                Mator †
|-
|rowspan=8 |   Finno-Ugric
|rowspan=3 |       Ugric
|colspan=2 |                Ob-Ugric
|colspan=2 |                                 [[Khanty]]&lt;br&gt;[[Mansi]]
|-
|colspan=2 |                North American
|colspan=2 |                                 [[Madzhi]]
|-
|colspan=4 |                                 Hungarian
|-
|rowspan=5 |       Finno-Permic
|colspan=2 |             Permic
|colspan=2 |                                 Komi&lt;br&gt;Permyak&lt;br&gt;Udmurt
|-
|rowspan=4 |             Finno-Volgaic
|                            Mari
|colspan=2 |                                 Hill Mari&lt;br&gt;Meadow Mari
|-
|                            Mordvin
|colspan=2 |                                 Erzya&lt;br&gt;Moksha
|-
|rowspan=2 |                 Finno-Saami
|                                    Saami
|                                            Davvi&amp;nbsp;(North)&lt;br&gt;Inari&lt;br&gt;Kildin&lt;br&gt;Lule&lt;br&gt;Pite&lt;br&gt;Skolt&lt;br&gt;South&lt;br&gt;Ter&lt;br&gt;Ume&lt;br&gt;[[Seimi]]
|-
|                                    Balto-Finnic
|                                            Finnish&lt;br&gt;Veps&lt;br&gt;Votian&lt;br&gt;N. Estonian&lt;br&gt;S. Estonian (Võro, Seto)&lt;br&gt;Livonian&lt;br&gt;Luudi
|}

[[Category:Language]]
[[Category:Uralic languages]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kemr</title>
    <id>1005</id>
    <revision>
      <id>63335</id>
      <timestamp>2009-12-01T00:59:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caeruleancentaur</username>
        <id>197</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Religion */ Grammar corrections.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=RHEON KEMR&lt;br&gt;KINDGOM OF CAMBRIA}}
{{shortname infobox|vernacular=Kemr|english=Cambria}} 
{{image infobox|file=Kemr-flag-final-small.png|caption=Flag of the {{PAGENAME}} }}
{{motto infobox|motto=Ill Dragun Rhys dug' ill modd!}}
{{lang2 infobox|official=Comroig (Brithenig)|others=Kerno, Brehonecq, Manoeg}}
{{cities2 infobox|capital=[[Castreleon]]|other=[[Aberddui]], [[Esca]]}}
{{ruler infobox|title=King|name=[[Pedr V|Pedr V ffeil Padern]]}}
{{ruler infobox|title=Toisag|name=[[Gion Boibont]]}}
{{area infobox|area=Good question}}
{{population infobox|population=approximately 5 million|adjective= }}
{{independence infobox|from=Roman Empire|dec_date=''de facto''; Roman Empire foundered|rec_date=''c.'' 500 AD}}
{{currency infobox|currency=[[Currency of the Commonwealth of Nations|Llîr]]=20 sollt=240 ceiniod}}
{{organization infobox|organization=Federated Kingdoms, Commonwealth of Nations, League of Nations}}
{{close infobox}}

== Introduction ==
'''Kemr''', also known as ''Cambria'' in English, is a member nation of the [[Federated Kingdoms|FK]], situated in the west of Britainnia. [[Brithenig]] is the primary language spoken there. From the Page of Brithenig:

Brithenig is spoken in the part of Britain known as Rheon Kemr, the Kingdom of Cambria. The history of the Kingdom began when the Romance-speaking Britons united together under the leadership of the semi-legendary King [[Eirlan I Emreis]] against the incursions of the [[England|Saeson invaders]]. They halted the advance so successfully that the southern part of the island was divided between the Chomro, who speak Brithenig, and the Saeson, who speak English. One consequence was that the pre-Roman Celtic language went into a decline from which it never recovered.

The border between Kemr and Saesoin begins at the Avon in the south, crosses Salisbury Plain, skirts around the Cotswolds to leave the Thames valley in Saesoin and runs up the Pennine Mountains to the River Ribble. The centre of the Kemrese kingdom is in the Severn Valley. The border disputes between the Chomro and the Saeson lasted for several centuries until they agreed to ally together against the threat of Viking raids which threatened both kingdoms. After the Viking period they continued to remain on amicable terms.

After the Norman Conquest many Saesonig nobles preferred to take refuge at the Kemrese court than remain in Saesoin. The new Norman overlords were as unsuccessful in their assaults on Kemr as the Saeson had been, but culturally many institutions in Kemr emulate those that were established in Saesoin by the Normans. By tacit agreement the Normans fought the [[France|French]] while the Chomro expanded into [[Ireland]].

Modern Kemr is a constitutional monarchy. The reigning monarch is King [[Pedr V]] ffeil Padern, who succeded  his grandfather, King [[Gereint XIII]] ffeil Padern, on his death in 2004. The title of the crown prince is Dug' Kemr, the Duke of Cambria.

During the middle ages Kemr maintained strong but tenuous links with the Byzantine Emperor in Constantinople, as the surviving remnants of the Western and Eastern Roman Empires respectively. Only after the fall of Constantinople to the [[Ottoman Empire|Turks]] did the Princes of Kemr address themselves as kings. The traditional association between Kemr and Constantinople continues to this day. All legal documents are still dated to the reign of the Emperor of Byzantium eight centuries after his death. Attempts to restore the empire to Istanbul has been largely consigned to popular fiction, and conspiracy theories...

The Kemrese government is a bicameral parliamentary democracy. The Prime Minister, ill Toisag is a member of the lower house. Kemr is divided up into provinces, based on historic boundaries, each administrated by a provincial council headed by ill Rheithur, 'the governor of a province'.

The aristocracy still exists, an exhausted force in modern democratic Kemr, no longer having automatic representation to the upper house of the Kemrese parliament. Their dynasties still continue to thrive and intermarry between themselves and other well-born families in the Federated Kingdoms and Europe.  They are highly representative in the areas of heritage and commerce.  Some are notorious; many are watched with interest in popular media. Many lords are still addressed as illystr, 'most honourable.' 

The traditional extended family, once the basis of Kemrese social law, has taken a beating in the last two hundred years. But in some areas the selection of ill cabient, 'the chief of the kindred', still endures. The right of representation to ill centref, the hundred-town assembly, has been lost, but the cabient still has ceremonial and social prestige. Roman and Celtic customary legal systems form the base of Kemrese law. Modern Kemr is more a common-law than a civil-law country.

Internationally Kemr is part of the [[Federated Kingdoms]] of [[England]], [[Scotland]] and Cambria. The Kemrese parliament sends representatives to attend the English and Scottish parliaments as full voting members, as well as receiving them from the other two legislatures. Moreover King Pedr and [[Diana I of England and Scotland|Queen Diana I]] of [[England]] and [[Scotland]] maintain a tradition of exchanging Privy Councillors. As in the eyes of the law the Cabinet is a committee of the Privy Council, there are invariably Cabinet members in each Kingdom who are M.P.s from the other Kingdoms. A detailed system of Committees of Correspondence maintain uniformity in matters of external defense, and formerly in matters of the overseas possessions as well.

Within Kemr, Brithenig has an alternative name, Comroig, the language of the Chomro. A Comro is someone whose native language is Brithenig, a name derived from a old Celtic word meaning 'fellow-countryman', as opposed to the Saeson invaders from the east who were seen as interlopers. In contrast the word Kemrese in Brithenig describes someone or something from Kemr including the English-speaking minority who live there.

==Administration==

===Government===
Bi-cameral ''senad '' or parliament.  Legislation is initiated in the lower house, passed through the upper house, and signed into law by the king.  The lower house is an elected body.  The chief of government is the ''Toisag'', or Prime Minister.  The Toisag appoints ''senadur''s to serve as ministers of the crown within the cabinet.

===Administrative Divisions===
Kemr is divided into provinces with local governing bodies.  Two provinces, the Isle of Man and Dûnein, are recognised as historically autonomous entities with the right to call their own parliament.  The elected governor of a province is called a ''rheithur''.

A province is divided into smaller divisions, ''centref'' or hundreds.  These are political units that elect a representative to the Senad in Castreleon.

A list of provinces in Kemr includes:

* [[Gwent]]
* [[Termorgan]]
* [[Defed]]
* [[Caradeig']]
* [[Ill Paes]]
* [[Brêchelch]]
* [[lla Ferch]]
* [[Gwenedd]]
* [[Dui]]
* [[Rheged]]
* [[Dunein|Dûnein]]
* [[Isle of Man]]

==History==
The history of the Kemrese began in the sixth century CE when Romano-British principalities united against the Saeson invaders.  Under their kings they used Roman order and discipline to establish a united principality in western Britannia.  Later writers would call this time an age of empire, and the leader of the Comro people the ''Terruin'', the king of the land.  The last of the principalities to enter into this relationship with the Princes of Kemr was the Kingdom of [[Dumnonia]].  In the seventh century they joined with the Mercians to establish a hegemony in the north of England over the nascent Kingdom of Northumbria, a hold that wasn't broken until the Viking invasions.  Kemr remained in conflict with England until the end of the thirteenth century when the English were finally driven from their territory.  Until the start of the nineteenth century Kemr favoured allying with princes and states contrary to the wishes of the English.  After that Kemr entered a Federation of Kingdoms to their mutual benefit with England.  The rest of Kemrese history has mostly been boring since then.

Kemr quickly made advantage of its position in Europe during the colonization of the new world and the age of the great empires. Brithenig speaking communities can still be found overseas.

==Geography==

===Borders===
* North: Ribble river.&lt;br&gt;
* West: Irish Sea.&lt;br&gt;
* South: English Channel&lt;br&gt;
* East: the Fence, a demarcated line from the Avon to the Pennines.&lt;br&gt;

==Economy==
===Economic Activities===
===Exports===
===Imports===
Kemr is one of the larger importers of tea in the world.  Most Cambrians prefer a cup of tea to a cup of coffee, generally speaking.

===Currency===
See [http://www.geocities.com/elemtilas/ill_bethisad/currency.htm Currency] and [[Currency]] for Kemrese money matters.

===Philately===
See [[Post Gemr]] for information about Kemrese stamps.

==Culture==

===Languages===
The national language is Comroig (Brithenig).

Official languages include Kerno and Manoeg.

===Statistics===

Half of Comro men do not wash their hands after using the toilet.

One third of Brithenig speakers are nervous about bilingualism.  When talking to other language speakers or abroad they prefer to speak Brithenig to strangers very slowly and clearly than attempt to switch languages.

===Religion===
The state religion is [[Catholicism|Cambriese Rite Catholicism]].  Other Catholic rites, especially Latin, are practiced in Kemr.  The head of the Catholic Church in Kemr is the Abbot-Patriarch of Glastein.

On issues of religion the Kemrese monarchy rejected the Synod of Whitby. The Christian Church in Kemr remained autonomous from the Catholic tradition introduced from Europe. The organisation of the established church was monastic and tended to be otherworldly. While it profited from the patronage of the monarchy the church maintained the right to criticise the abuses of the status quo when its leaders possessed the strength of will to do so. During the twelfth century the Catholic Church successfully sought to bring the independent Kemrese church under the doctrinal authority of Rome. The Protestant Reformation created a significant disestablished minority in the British Isles, enough that religious wars were fought there, but not enough to disturb the pre-eminence of Catholicism. 

The use of the vernacular rather than Latin was formally accepted by the Cambriese Rite in the modern era. Toleration towards other religious groups was not legislated for until the early modern period. Judaism had not been significantly introduced to Kemr before the high middle ages.

Over a hundred years the churches and chapels were the centre piece of community in Kemr.  Cultural activities went hand-in-hand with attending mass.  This movement of church planting accompanied the period of industrialisation that took place in Kemrese history.  Christian morality defined what was acceptable in Comro society.  As material and intellectual culture diversified, religious involvement has declined.  At the beginning of the 21st century less than 10% of the population attend any church regularly.  In a secular society the churches speak as one voice among many.

Modern Kemrese society is now pluralist. Exploring new spiritualities is no more uncommon in some parts of Kemrese society than it is in any other modern nation. There are two established modern Buddhist monasteries in Kemr.

The [[Evangelic Church in Kemr]] is the oldest Protestant body.  It is recognised as an established church for the purpose of church tax.

Other religions in Kemr include Islam, Buddhism and Crevethism.

===Sport===

Rugby appears to have replaced religion as the paramount interest for the average Kemrese citizen. (One commentator noted at the time that the only thing that generated more disturbance than a rugby victory was the controversy over identity when Kemr was invited to join the European Community.) Each of the southern valleys of Kemr has its own rugby team.  The northern provinces are equally staunch Soccer-playing territory.  Whatever code is being played visitors are often surprised the Chomro can move from supporting a Kemrese team to any team playing against England -- including flags and bunting!  Hence the t-shirt slogan: ''Ill Comro gwer apheidd dew th&amp;#238;m: Kemr, e alch yn k'iog contr Saesoin!''  Statistics prove that a national defeat leads to an increase in domestic violence.  Whether the same is true for the same influence on the change of government remains unproven.

===Music===
Music is an integral part of Kemrese culture. Even the smallest towns in Britain sport some sort of town band; larger places may support several brass bands, even orchestras and operatic societies. Traditional music centers around the harp and the pipes; throw in a fiddle, a concertina and a drum for good measure. Many locales also sport traditional groups of this sort. The sweet sounding pipes typical of the southwest of Cambria have two chanters, each played by a hand, and no dedicated dronepipe. Skilled players can play tune and counterpoint or tune and drone by careful manipulation of the tone holes. The pipes common in the northern parts of Kemr are a more mechanised instrument, having extra keys, variable drones and regulators. The [[England|English]] greatpipes have a single large chanter and a bass drone somewhat similar to that of a Galician gaida drone, but with more of a bell flair. 

Mind you, it's not all traditional music! There are plenty of Zidicó and Fuzió groups around, not to mention [[Jass]], Contrey and Estompieir, most famously the Summer Kings.  The Kemrese call their own indigenous Celtic Jass fusion &lt;i&gt;Ceass&lt;/i&gt;, derived from Shelta &lt;i&gt;teas&lt;/i&gt;, hot. &lt;i&gt;Then&lt;/i&gt; there are the foreign influenced musics (particularly Turkish and Dalmatian influences) and &quot;proper art&quot; music (Vivaldi, Heinekin, [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach]], [[Gwilelmin]], et r.). 

Zidicó originated in the Zydeco tradition of la [[Louisianne]], and hearkens back to traditional [[France|French]] musics. It combined with the music brought up from the Caribbean by slaves (itself a combination of Moorish influenced Spanish music, Anglo-Kemrese music and West African forms) to from Jass. Fuzió (fusion) is a typically British form and is the admixture of principally Jass and Zidicó with native folk traditions (think Celtic Rock *here*). Contrey is the music typical of northern [[Louisianne]] and western [[NAL-SLC|America]]: it is not at all dissimilar to country *here*, and retains a strong tie to its ancestral Anglo-Scottish roots. Estompieir is a kind of modern dance music that evolved out of the Jass movement. It has no direct or obvious equivalent to any form *here*, but might bear some similarities to swing. Its name derives from a word that means &quot;stomp&quot; or &quot;stamp&quot;; and is somewhat evocative of its rhythmic and energetic steps. 

Foreign musical groups are also quite popular in [[Kemr]]. Two Arvorec groups that have many fans around Britain are &quot;Taely&quot; [similar to Clannad] and &quot;Prwyster Gweresydaed an Caemyn&quot; [er, Mad Priests of the Road].

==Kemrese Election results since 1918==
1918 was the first election under nearly universal suffrage after the First Great War.  It was marked by a decisive majority for the new Labour Party, breaking the monopoly of power previously reserved for the Conservative and Liberal Parties.  The Lower House of the Kemrese Senate has 151 seats.  These election results do not include the 10 seats that are reserved for the Dumnonian Senators.

1918 Lab 85 Lib 36 Con 20&lt;br&gt;
1922 Lab 60 Lib 44 Con 37&lt;br&gt;
1926 Lab 59 Con 46 Lib 32 Nat 03 Com 01&lt;br&gt;
1930 Con 63 Lib 45 Lab 23 Nat 06 Com 04&lt;br&gt;
1934 Con 54 Lib 39 Lab 37 Nat 07 Com 04&lt;br&gt;
1938 Lab 57 Lib 56 Con 15 Nat 11 Com 02&lt;br&gt;
1942 Lib 61 Con 48 Lab 30 Com 02&lt;br&gt;
1946 Lib 68 Con 42 Lab 31&lt;br&gt;
1950 Con 54 Lib 45 Lab 35 Nat 06 Com 01&lt;br&gt;
1954 Lib 50 Lab 40 Con 35 Nat 06 Com 01&lt;br&gt;
1958 Lab 58 Con 53 Lib 21 Nat 07 Com 02&lt;br&gt;
1962 Lib 55 Con 54 Lab 25 Nat 07&lt;br&gt;
1966 Lib 54 Con 47 Lab 39 Nat 04 Com 04&lt;br&gt;
1970 Lab 66 Con 55 Lib 11 Com 04 Nat 03 Eco 02&lt;br&gt;
1974 Con 61 Lib 52 Lab 18 Eco 04 Com 03 Nat 03&lt;br&gt;
1978 Lib 59 Lab 58 Con 15 Nat 04 Eco 03 Com 02&lt;br&gt;
1982 Con 62 Lab 49 Lib 15 Nat 09 Eco 05 Com 01&lt;br&gt;
1986 Lib 52 Lab 43 Con 35 Nat 05 Eco 04 Com 02&lt;br&gt;
1990 Con 60 Lab 54 Lib 14 Nat 01 Eco 04 Com 01&lt;br&gt;
1994 Con 56 Lab 38 Lib 29 Nat 07 Fre 05 Com 04 Eco 02&lt;br&gt;
1998 Lab 54 Lib 53 Con 19 Fre 06 Nat 05 Eco 03 Com 01&lt;br&gt;
2002 Lib 49 Con 41 Lab 22 Nat 11 Fre 09 Com 05 Eco 04&lt;br&gt;
2006 Lib 52 Con 31 Lab 29 Nat 09 Fre 08 Com 04 Eco 03

===Political Parties===

Communist Party &quot;Com&quot;: radical party of the left.  Works together with Labour.

Conservative Party &quot;Con&quot;: the traditional party of the right.  Supports King, Country, Land-owners, and the established church.  Hurrah!

Freedom Party &quot;Fre&quot;: neocapitalist party of the right.  The Freedom Party considers that the [[Federated Kingdoms|Federation]] of Kemr, [[England]] and [[Scotland]] should be disolved, arguing that it is bureaucratic and a burden on the tax payers of all three kingdoms.  Nor do they support government initiatives to protect language and culture in Kemr.  Often referred to as the Lundy party as it is believed to be sponsored from this privately owned island in the Severn.

Ecotopic Party &quot;Eco&quot;: eco-socialist party of the left.  Small and can work with the Labour or Liberal Parties on common interests.  Peace, love and treehuggers.  Advocates a progressive energy policy that looks beyond an oil-dependent economy.

Labour Party &quot;Lab&quot;: The workers' party, generally considered left of the Liberal Party.  Represents the concerns of working men and women, and the trade unions.

Liberal Party &quot;Lib&quot;: the traditional party of the left, after the establishment of the Labour Party it moved to the centre of the Kemrese politics.  It is considered moderately left of centre and supports middle-class values.  It is supported by the Protestant minority in Kemr as the party of disestablishmentarianism.  The Liberals are a party prepared to make deals with others in order to govern.  At various times it has been in coalition with both the Labour and Conservative Parties, never similtaneously.  In some perspectives, both positive and negative, it is the compromise choice.

National Party &quot;Nat&quot;: The political voice of xenophobic nationalism in Kemr.  It is on the right of the Conservatives, whom it supports when the Conservatives hold the Toisagdad.  The Nationals demand that Kemr withdraw from the Federation.  They oppose all recognition of citizen rights to minority groups, including first-language English speakers, and (privately) the Kerno.  During the [[Second Great War]] the National Party was outlawed and their political leaders imprisoned.

Generally the party with the largest number of seats in senate is called upon to form a government.  Only once, in 1918, has a one party government formed.  Since then the largest party forms a coalition with one or more other parties.  During the Second Great War the four legal parties formed a coalition of national unity under the Liberal leader [[Calweir Brecryg]].

The current Toisag is [[Gion Boibont]] of the Liberal Party.

On the 17th June 2006 Kemr celebrated 600 years of parliamentary government.  This date is traditional, based on the senate called by the national hero Prince Ewain.

==See also==

[http://hobbit.griffler.co.nz/introduction.html The Brithenig Language]&lt;br&gt;
[http://hobbit.griffler.co.nz/Kemr.html Kemr, Land of the Brithenig Speakers]&lt;br&gt;
[http://www.geocities.com/ill_bethisad/commonwealth.htm The Commonwealth]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Kemr|*]]
[[Category:Nations in Europe]]
[[Category:Federated Kingdoms]]
[[Category:Commonwealth of Nations]]
{{CoN}}</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Baltic Languages</title>
    <id>1006</id>
    <revision>
      <id>17535</id>
      <timestamp>2005-11-02T06:19:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{Indo-European}}

The known surviving Baltic Languages are [[Curonian]], [[Lithuanian]], Latvian, and Prussian.

{{Balto-Slavic}}</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Celtic Languages</title>
    <id>1007</id>
    <revision>
      <id>57373</id>
      <timestamp>2009-02-18T12:45:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kgaughan</username>
        <id>32</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>Cleared up the origins of Gaeilg.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{Indo-European}}

{{Celtic}}

[[Ill Bethisad|IB]]'s Celtic Tongues are strong in different ways, though just as rare.

In IB, Irish and Scots Gaelic are both considered part of the same language rather than independent. [[Gaeilg|Common Gaelic]] is a standard dialect descended mostly from the vulgar dialects of North Connacht and Ulster due to their universal intelligibility and strong modern literary tradition, but with strong influences from Classical Gaelic and the dialects of Munster, Leinster, and Scotland, and is considered the standard Gaelic dialect. It is used in literature and on TV.

The southern Brythonic languages never developed, in favour of the evolution of British Romance and the formation of [[Brithenig]], Kerno, Cumbreg and [[Breathanach]].
[[Category:Language]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Federated Kingdoms</title>
    <id>1008</id>
    <revision>
      <id>63384</id>
      <timestamp>2009-12-06T00:08:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caeruleancentaur</username>
        <id>197</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>Some corrections.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=Regna Fœderata&lt;br&gt;Llo Rheon Ffedderal&lt;br&gt;The Federated Kingdoms&lt;br&gt;The Federatit Kinricks}}
{{image infobox|file=Fk-ke.gif|caption=One of the three state flags of the {{PAGENAME}} }}
{{lang2 infobox|official=[[Brithenig]], [[English]], [[Scots]]|others=[[Breathanach]], [[Kerno]], [[Hindi]], [[Arvorec]], [[Gaeilg]], [[Seimi]], [[Manoeg]]}}
{{area infobox|area=88,745 sq.mi}}
{{population infobox|population=57,103,900|adjective=FK citizens}}
{{establishment infobox|year=1805|reason=By the Act of Federation}}
{{currency infobox|currency=[[Currency|FK pound]]}}
{{organization infobox|organization=[[Commonwealth of Nations]]}}
{{close infobox}}

[[Image:Fk-flag-chart.png|thumb|flags recognition chart of the 3 kingdoms]]

The '''Federated Kingdoms''' are a federation of three sovereign states, [[England]], [[Kemr]] and [[Scotland]], occupying the island of Great Britain off the north-west coast of continental Europe. The island is separated from the continent by the British Sea and from [[Ireland]] by the Irish Sea.

== General Overview ==

The modern Federated Kingdoms date from the Act of Federation,
passed by the [[England| English]] Parliament in 1805 in response to the
French threat.  The three Kingdoms --- [[England]], [[Scotland]], and
[[Kemr]] --- are officially equal participants, although there
is a personal union between [[England]] and [[Scotland]] (i.e., they
have the same [[Diana I of England and Scotland|monarch]]).

Federation is implemented by a process of mutual representation.
Each parliament elects two groups of representatives who attend
the other two parliaments as full voting members.  This applies
separately to the Lords Temporal and Commons.  

In addition, the two monarchs have an extralegal, but constitutionally
firmly entrenched, program of exchanging Privy Councillors.
Since in the eyes of the law the Cabinet is a mere committee
of the Privy Council, there are invariably Cabinet members in
each kingdom who are M.P.s from the other kingdoms.
A detailed system of Committees of Correspondence maintains
uniformity in matters of external defense, and formerly in
matters of the overseas possessions as well.

One difference between the [[England| English]] and [[Scotland| Scottish]] parliamentary
systems and the [[Kemr| Kemrese]] one is that the Royal Assent is not
quite as much a matter of form in [[Kemr|Cambria]] as it is elsewhere.
Although the present monarch, King Pedr V, or his grandfather, King Gereint XIII, has never
refused the Assent, Gereint's late father did so or threatened to
do so on more than one occasion, particularly in connection
with the Budget of 1911.

Oddly, despite the personal union, [[Scotland|Scots]] law is more different
from [[England|English]] and [[Kemr|Kemrese]] law than they are from each other.
[[Kemr|Cambria]] and [[England]] never received Roman law (the Codex
of Justinian) as [[Scotland]] did, although there are both Roman
and Celtic customary legal systems at the base of Cambriese law.
Nevertheless, [[Kemr|Cambria]] is now more a common law than a civil law
country: jury trials of course exist there, though not quite
in [[England|English]] or [[Scotland|Scottish]] form.

[[Ireland]] was never part of the F.K., but was ruled from 1155 to
1922 as a dependency of [[Kemr]]; the &quot;rule&quot; was often no more
than nominal in the Northland (Uladh), where the control of
Goidelic petty kings remained strong.  King Pedr II of [[Kemr|Cambria]],
armed with the ''Laudabiliter'' bull from Pope Adrian IV, took
the submissions of most of the Irish rulers, and created his son Iewan 
''Dominus Hiberniae''.  Eventually an [[Ireland|Irish]] Parliament
parallel to the [[Kemr|Kemrese]] one evolved, representing at first
only the interests of the colonists.  This Parliament, however,
was entirely subordinate to the Kemrese Government.

After the Act of Federation, Kemrese control of the
Emerald Isle came to be a matter of mostly benign neglect.
However, a failure to recognize the legitimate aspirations of the
native Irish, plus a comparable tendency to allow the Cambro-Irish
to have matters too much their own way, caused [[Ireland]] to seethe
with increasingly military revolts throughout the 18th and 19th
centuries.  The enfranchisement of the native Irish in 1822 did
nothing to quiet the agitation for a Free State.  After Great War I,
the Cambriese in the mother country grew weary of supporting their
arrogant relatives to the west, and made plans culminating in
the Great Withdrawal and creation of the [[Ireland|Irish Free State]], a
self-governing country with only the most tenuous connection to
the Crown.  The Free State eventually unilaterally repudiated
monarchical government and quietly transformed itself in 1956
into a republic.

(Very old entry.  May be innacurate in parts.)

== Nomenclature ==
[[Image:Western Isles.PNG|right|thumb|Overview map of the FK and its neighbors]]
In Ill Bethisad, there is no &quot;Great Britain&quot;, so it's not really appropriate to speak of &quot;British&quot; people the way we do *here* when we mean the English, Scots, Welsh, Irish and Cornish together. According to John Cowan: &quot;As [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] says, at the Act of Union (*here*), '[i]n the quite unnecessary desire for a common name, the English were officially deprived of their Englishry, and the Welsh of their claim to be the primary inheritors of the title 'British'.'&quot; In IB that did not happen. 

Domestically, the FK as an organization isn't that important: it has no real constitutional existence anyway, being essentially an exchange of Privy Councillors at the pleasure of the monarchs involved plus a set of committees in each House for correspondence with the other five Houses. In foreign affairs it is very important, of course, because the three kingdoms *do* act in concert in that context. [It is also important as a consortium of national banks, as foreign exchanges around the world are generally in Federated (or [[Commonwealth_of_Nations| Commonwealth]]) pounds, rather than [[England| English]] or [[Kemr| Kemrese]]. Nevertheless, any actual money that is received from such an exchange could be Scottish, English, Dumnonian, Kemrese, Australasian, or any other Commonwealth currency note, which is in union with the standard. 

Consequently, people see themselves as English or Scots or Kemrese first of all, and citizens of the FC [FK] very much afterwards. And so &quot;British&quot; can be applied geographically to Britain/lla Ysl Prydain, but not normally to the non-Cambrian people thereof. 

(Bizarrely, &quot;Prydain&quot; does not appear in Andrew Fferreir's dictionary, but surely this is an oversight; I hardly see what else the word could be.) 

As to the four words for Cambrians, &quot;Cambrian&quot; is scholarly, &quot;Kemrese&quot; refers to citizens of [[Kemr]] whether technically Cambrian or not, &quot;Welsh&quot; is the ordinary English name of the ethnos (and also a verb signifying &quot;to refuse to pay one's just debts&quot;, a consequence of English misunderstanding of Kemrese law), and &quot;British&quot; is historical or antiquarian.&quot; 

Nevertheless, the term &quot;British&quot; is extremely convenient for those of us *here* to refer to the peoples of Prydain, the British Isle, *there*. Also, it is a term of convenience used by foreigners *there*, especially in the press where an economy of terms is deemed appropriate. In other words, rather than saying &quot;the Governments of [[England]], [[Scotland]] and [[Kemr]]&quot; a news story might read &quot;the British Governments&quot;. Also, it is a convenient adjective that fills the space caused by the lack of an adjective based on &quot;FK&quot; or &quot;Federated Kingdoms&quot;.

== FK territories in and around Africa: == 

*Socotra (EN, Cap. Adibo); an island off the Horn of Somalia, hosts RN and RAF bases.
*St. Thomas and Prince (KM, Cap. Port Alegrey); an island group off the west coast of equatorial Africa; tourism forms the economic basis, as well as catering to the RN and RAF bases.
*Ascension Island is a Kemrese military installation.
*The Seychelles (EN, Cap. Kingston); agriculture and tourism are the chief occupations.
*The Salomon Islands is a group of islands in the Indian Ocean belonging to England.
*Cape Green (SC, Cap. Praya); is a group of islands off the west coast of Africa.

==Power Generation==

[[Image:Fkwind.jpg|thumb|100px|Graphic displaying the wind installations of the FK.]]

The Federated Kingdom is the world leader in the implementation of Tesla Generators, but has also chosen to use other forms, such as wind power.

[[Category:Nations in Europe]]
[[Category:Federated Kingdoms]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Germanic Languages</title>
    <id>1009</id>
    <revision>
      <id>55779</id>
      <timestamp>2008-12-03T02:49:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Geofturner</username>
        <id>195</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>emisc yet again</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{Indo-European}}

{| style=&quot;background:#eeffff; text-align:right&quot; align=center border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|rowspan=19 | [[Indo-European]]
|rowspan=19 | [[Germanic Languages|Germanic]]
|rowspan=4  | Northern Germanic
|rowspan=3 |           East ([[Riksmål]])
|                           [[Rigsmaal|Danish]] (Old, New)
|                                 Island Danish (Ømål)&lt;br&gt;East Danish (Østmål)&lt;br&gt;Juttish (Jydemål)&lt;br&gt;Dano-Norwegian (Bokmål)
|-
|                           [[Swedish]] (Old, New}
|                                 [[Swedish]] (Sveamål)&lt;br&gt;Gautish (Gøtemål)
|-
|colspan=2 |                Gutnish (Gutemål)
|-
|                      West
|colspan=2 |                Faroese&lt;br&gt;Icelandic&lt;br&gt;[[Greenlanders|Greenlandic]]&lt;br&gt;Norwegian (Landsmål)
|-
|rowspan=9 |  Western Germanic
|rowspan=4 |           Low Germanic (Anglo-Frisian)
|rowspan=4 |                Anglic
|                              [[English]] (Old, Middle, New)
|-
|                              [[Wessish|Wessish]] († ca. 1600)
|-
|                              [[Emisc]]
|-
|                              Northumbrian (Old, Middle, New)&lt;br&gt;Scots (Old, Middle, New)
|-
|                           Frisian (Old, Middle, New)
|                              East Frisian&lt;br&gt;West Frisian&lt;br&gt;North Frisian
|-
|rowspan=5 |           Continental-Germanic
|                           Franconian
|                              Old Low Franconian&lt;br&gt;&amp;darr;&lt;br&gt;Middle Dutch&lt;br&gt;&amp;darr;&lt;br&gt;Batavian&lt;br&gt;Afrikaans&lt;br&gt;Cruzan
|-
|colspan=1 |           Low Saxon
|                              Low Saxon (Old, Middle, New)
|-
|colspan=1 |           High German
|                              Old High German&lt;br&gt;&amp;darr;&lt;br&gt;Middle High German&lt;br&gt;&amp;darr;&lt;br&gt;New High German&lt;br&gt;Pennsylvaanish&lt;br&gt;[[Daitsch]]&lt;br&gt;[[Luxemburgish]]&lt;br&gt;Alemannic&lt;br&gt;Bavarian&lt;br&gt;Yiddish 
|-
|colspan=2 |           [[Føtisk]] (Feytish) (Old, Middle, New)
|-
|colspan=2 |           [[Bohemian]] (P&amp;eacute;mi&amp;#353;) 
|-
|rowspan=6  | Eastern Germanic
|colspan=3 |          Burgundian †
|-
|rowspan=3 |          Gothic
|                           East
|                              Crimean Gothic
|-
|                           West
|                              Old Church Vissian&lt;br&gt;&amp;darr;&lt;br&gt;[[Vissi|Low Vissian]]
|-
|colspan=2 |                Gepid †
|-
|colspan=3 |          Lombardic †
|-
|colspan=3 |          Vandalic †
|}

[[Category:Germanic Languages]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Solemn League and Covenant of North America</title>
    <id>1011</id>
    <revision>
      <id>57025</id>
      <timestamp>2009-02-12T04:11:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Benkarnell</username>
        <id>190</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">The formal name of the [[NAL-SLC|North American League]], and of the agreement which created it.  This covenant was requested by many famous men, including Benjamin Franklin and other 'Founding Fathers'.  It was written by Thomas Jefferson.

'''Full text:''' [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/conculture/files/IB/SLC.doc The Solemn League and Covenant (Word file)]

[[Category:Constitutions]]
[[Category:North American League]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Romance Languages</title>
    <id>1012</id>
    <revision>
      <id>62180</id>
      <timestamp>2009-09-27T12:59:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elemtilas</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Corrected link.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{Indo-European}}

{| style=&quot;background:#ffeeee; text-align:right&quot; align=center border=1 bordercolor=&quot;blue&quot; cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|rowspan=19 style=&quot;align:right&quot;| [[Indo-European]]
|rowspan=19 | Italic
|rowspan=19 | [[Romance languages|Romance]]
|rowspan=9  | [[Western Romance]]
|rowspan=3  | [[Britanno-Romance]]
| Northern
| [[Breathanach]]
|-
| Central
| [[Brithenig]]&lt;br&gt;[[Cumbreg]]
|-
| Western
| [[Brehonecq]]&lt;br&gt;[[Brzhonegh]]&lt;br&gt;[[Kerno]]
|-
|rowspan=3   | [[Gallo-Romance]]
| Langues d'Oil
| [[Francien]]&lt;br&gt;[[Laurentian]]&lt;br&gt;Normand&lt;br&gt;[[Angli]]&lt;br&gt;Picard&lt;br&gt;Wallon
|-
| Langues d'Oua
| Dauphinois&lt;br&gt;Forézien&lt;br&gt;Jurassien&lt;br&gt;Lyonais&lt;br&gt;Savoyard
|-
| Langues d'Oc
| Auvergnat&lt;br&gt;Gascon&lt;br&gt;Limousin&lt;br&gt;[[Narbonosc|Narbonese]]
|-
|colspan=2    | Northern Italian
| Lombard
|-
|colspan=2    | [[Ibero-Romance]]
| [[Aragonese]]&lt;br&gt;[[Asturian]]&lt;br&gt;[[Catalan]]&lt;br&gt;[[Castilian]]&lt;br&gt;[[Galician]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ladino]]&lt;br&gt;[[Montreiano]]&lt;br&gt;[[Portuguese]]
|-
|colspan=3    | [[Jovian]]
|-
|colspan=4    | [[Lessinu]]
|-
|colspan=4    | Sardinian
|-
|colspan=4    | [[Xliponian]]
|-
|rowspan=4    | [[South-Central Romance]]
|colspan=2    | [[Central and southern Italian]]
| Napolitan&lt;br&gt;Roman&lt;br&gt;Sicilian&lt;br&gt;[[Elbic]]
|-
|colspan=3    | [[Jelbazech|Jelbäzech]]
|-
|colspan=3    | [[Dalmatian]]
|-
|colspan=3    | Rumanian
|-
| [[North-Central Romance]]
| colspan=3   | [[Wenedyk]]&lt;br&gt;[[{{SLVL}}]]&lt;br&gt;[[Slezan]]
|-
|rowspan=2    | Eastern Romance
|colspan=2    | Levantine
| [[Judajca]]&lt;br&gt;Galilean
|-
|colspan=3    | [[FrathWiki:Bâzrâmani|Bâzrâmani]]
|}

[[Category:Language]]
[[Category:Romance Languages| ]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>NAL-SLC</title>
    <id>1013</id>
    <revision>
      <id>57563</id>
      <timestamp>2009-02-21T01:12:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zahir</username>
        <id>35</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* The Government */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">&lt;font face = &quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;'''North American League and Solemn League and Covenant'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|colspan=2 align=center | [[Image:Nal.gif|150px]]
|-
|'''Languages''' ||
|-
| Official  || [[English]], [[Brithenig]], [[Dutch]], [[Riksmål]], [[Ladino]], [[Scots]], [[Pennsylfaanisch]], [[Castilian]], [[Algonquian]], [[Cherokee]], [[Inuttitut]]
|-
| Other || [[Gaelic]], [[Hellenic Languages|Greek]], [[Kerno]], [[Wenedyk]], 
|-
|'''Capital''' || [[Philadelphia]]
|-
|'''Important Cities''' || [[Ter Mair|Balafor]], [[Chicago]], [[New Amsterdam]], [[St. Louis]], [[Victoria City]], [[Atlanta]], [[Toronto]]
|-
|'''[[General Moderators|General Moderator]]''' || [[Albert Arnold Gore, Jr.]] ([[Whig]])
|-
|'''[[Viceregal College|First Viceroy]]''' || [[Matthew Cuomo]]
|-
|'''Area''' || ...
|-
|'''Population''' || 
|-
|'''Independence''' || from various
|-
|(declared) || 1803
|-
|(recognized) || 
|-
|'''[[Currency]]''' || SLC pound
|-
|'''[[Supranational Organizations|Organizations]]''' || [[Commonwealth of Nations]], [[Scandinavian Realm]]
|-
|'''National Song''' || &quot;[[Media:Anthem.mid|They Come!]]&quot; (til 1814); &quot;[[Media:Wafts_still.mid|Wafts Still the Old Blue Sheet]]&quot; (since 1814)
|-
|colspan=2 align=center | [[Image:NAL arms.jpg|250px]]
|}

The '''NAL/SLC''' is a federation of former British colonies, Native state-like bodies and two Scandinavian colonies in North America, capital at Philadelphia. Due to economic and political conditions in the 17th and 18th centuries, citizens of several British North American colonies moved to gain more independence; and so issued the Solemn League and Covenant on 2 July 1803, under which the former colonies secured independence of commerce and defense yet remained subjects of the Crowns of [[England]], [[Scotland]] and [[Kemr]]. The [[France|French]] colony of [[New Francy]] was invited to join, but opted instead to pursue full independence, forming the independent Intendancy of New Francy which is surrounded by the NAL. The chief non British colony, [[New Sweden]], hesitated but eventually joined two decades after the initial membership.

=General=
The [http://www.bethisad.com/nal_slc.htm North American League and Solemn League and Covenant] is the largest country in the North American continent. It comprises most of the territory east of the Mississippi basin (in the south) and east of the Stony Mountains (in the north). Politically, it is a democratic republic that owes allegience to the [[Federated Kingdoms]] and is a member of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]].

=Short History=

See [[History of the NAL]].

=Some notes on America=

==Basic Functioning==
In practice the NAL has always functioned as rather more than a commonwealth or alliance but just a little less than a unitary state.  Had the different provinces not in some sense needed each other and been more-or-less well-bordered on all sides this might not have worked out.  However, though [[Louisianne]] has improved itself in recent years as an essentially stable neighbor in terms of the not-threatening-the-NAL; this was not always the case. It has never been fully trusted and even into the XX century, it was looked upon with mistrust due to the [[1828 War]]. The proximity of [[Deseret]], [[Oregon]] and [[Alyaska]] have proven to be of little impact upon the actual life of most Americans.  This happy state of affairs is of course not always the case with [[Florida]], though that situation qualified more as an inconvenience rather than much of a threat. It came as a great blow to the young country's constitution when imperial [[Castile and Leon]] seized the territory, and the NAL found itself unable to retake it by force or diplomacy. It is only in the early XXI century that Florida and [[Tejas]] have been dealt with to satisfaction.

As a result, the ''extremely'' diverse nature of the NAL has become a strength rather than a weakness.  For this reason it played a subtle but important part in both the [[First Great War|First]] and [[Second Great War|Second]] Great Wars--a huge resevoir of manpower and resources far from the center of conflict, with a correspondingly safe industrial infrastructure.

The simple process of keeping such a diverse nation functioning, plus the existence of what continues to be a large frontier, has also helped in making the NAL something all its neighbors should be grateful for--not very expansionist at all.  

Possibly the single greatest threat to the NAL is also its internal diversity, which sometimes flares up into feuds and intense argument.  Different religions are often at the epicenter of such, especially with regards to such &quot;moral&quot; issues as abortion, the status of established religions, the definition of marriage and gay rights.  The matter of teaching evolution and other controversial (to some) scientific principles have also been a point of argument, though rarely prolonged violence. Yet some claim--and not without justification--that such is merely to be expected in a large, diverse country and that the League's very stability makes such tensions possible but also manageable.

An example of this might be found in the tension between [[Jante|Jante's Law]] and the [[Pioneering Spirit]] as well as the concept of [[Top Nation]], and has resulted in--among other things--a new cultural ideal dubbed &quot;[[Less Is More]].&quot;

=The Government=
See [[Government of the NAL]]

==Territorial Expansion==
The NAL has always maintained a policy of denying it the possibility of territorial expansion by means of war. It has been speculated that America could encompass every territory from Alta California to Alyaska and over to the Mississippi River, had there existed the desire to conquer those lands. Given its resources, the outcome would probably not have been in doubt.  Throughout its history, the NAL has been content to &quot;live and let live&quot;.

All territorial expansion is accomplished via a well defined progression of local referrenda and proto-provincial work sessions (attended and counseled by an American embassy); the presenting of formal credentials and desire for admittance to the [[Council Fire]] of the Natives in [[Aquonishuonigy]]; upon acceptance by the Elders, formal submittal of proposals to the Parliament and acceptance or denial by same.

==Provinces==
Most provinces are governed by an officer styled Lord (or Lady) Governor who is elected for a term set by the province's constitution. Most serve for five year terms, some may run multiple times other provinces limit the number of terms a governor may serve.

Furthermore, each province seats its own legislature and holds its own courts of law, based on the legal system of its home country in the case of the original provinces. In the case of newer provinces, their justice systems are taken from the provinces that in turn colonised them. The several Aboriginal Provinces ([[Cherokee Nation]], [[Nunavik]], Aquanishuonigy, etc) each have legal and legislative systems that mix European and Native tradition to some degree.

=The Name=
That's a ruddy mouthful, and is usually called &quot;North American League&quot; or simply &quot;America&quot;, to the satisfaction of Americans from [[Carolina]] to [[New Iceland]], from the mighty Mississippi to the frigid waters of Baffin's Bay, and to the chagrin of all those other Americans from [[Tejas]], [[Mejico]], Guiana, etc. &quot;Solemn League And Covenant Of North America&quot; is the formal name of the North American League, and also of the agreement which created it. 

According to &lt;EM&gt;W. Cowan's History of the American Nations&lt;/EM&gt;, the &quot;The name 'Solemn League and Covenant' refers firstly to the documents that form the basis and foundation of the country called the 'North American League'; and secondarily to that country itself when it is seen as a League of independent States. When the League is seen as a unitary State, showing a single face to the world, the name 'North American League' is more often used.&quot; 

People of the NAL refer to themselves as &quot;Americans&quot; and that usage has spread to their European motherlands as well. The flag of the NAL is the Plough in white stars on a dark blue background and is called the &quot;Old Blue Sheet&quot;.

==Languages==
Many languages are spoken in the SLC/NAL: Lallans, Scots Gaelic and English are all spoken in [[New Scotland]]; Brithenig, Batavian and several native Algonquian languages are spoken in [[New Castreleon]]; Pennsylvaanisch is spoken in [[Pennsylvania]]; Kerno and Brithenig are spoken in [[Ter Mair]], along with a large Irish Gaelic minority in the southern part of the province; Swedish and English are spoken in New Sweden; French and English are spoken in [[Mobile]] and [[Illinoise]]; while English predominates in the south, with sprinklings of German and Lallans.

===The name===

====In the various Official Languages of its Provinces====
:Brithenig:
:Castillian:
:[[English]]: the Solemn League and Covenant of North America
:[[Ladino]]: la Liga i el Kontrato Solemnes de Norteamerika
:[[Riksmål]]: Det Nordamericanske Høgtideligt Forbund og Pacht
:Scots: The Solemnit Leagge and Covenant o North America
:[[Francien]]: La Ligue et le Concordat Solonnel Nord-Américain

====Positive References in Foreign Languages====
:Corean: Puñmi Doñmaiñ (popular)
:[[Japanese]]: Hocubei Catai Dòmei to Seiyacuxa (official); Hocubei Dòmei (popular); Beimei (abbreviation)
:[[Wenedyk]]: Liga i Askrodami&amp;#x0119; Sole&amp;#324; Amerycze Miódnocali (&lt;nowiki&gt;LiASAM&lt;/nowiki&gt;; official); Liga Miódnoca&amp;#x142;oamerykana (LMA; popular)
:[[Elbic]]: La Llega Norteamericanna i la Cconcorzà Solenne (LNCS, official)
:[[Bohemian]]: Té Nórta Amérika To Hóchpuntnis (NAH; official), Ten Hóchpunt (popular)

====Less flattering term sometime used to address NAL citizens:====
:English: Covee, Covey (as in &quot;Covee go home!&quot;). 
:[[Riksmål]]: Forpachtere (&lt;i&gt;probably&lt;/i&gt;).
:[[France|French]]: nalien (sounding like &lt;i&gt;n'a rien&lt;/i&gt;, meaning has nothing)

====Neutral terms====
:Corean: Puñmi Saram
:English: American, North American
:French: &amp;Eacute;l&amp;egrave;nien (taken from LNA, the initials of the country in francien)
:[[Japanese]]: Hocubeidjin (literally &quot;North American&quot;)

=Culture=

==Melting Pot, Land of Fusion==
(will need expansion)

==Cultural Imperialism==
Interestingly, a few sociologists claim that the NAL is an example of a new form of Imperialism, which is not at all military in nature but rather cultural.  They point out to the pervasive nature of NAL's media and its economic ties worldwide. &quot;The position of the NAL, particularly in the post war period, has been one of rampant &lt;i&gt;cultural imperialism&lt;/i&gt;. In every aspect of culture, be it music or the visual arts, the NAL is a rapacious exporter and imposer of its own cultural artifacts. [...] Take the mass popularity of [[Jass]] and the moving picture series &lt;i&gt;[[War in the Heavens]]&lt;/i&gt; as fine exemplars.&quot; (&lt;u&gt;Craven &amp; Ross&lt;/u&gt;, 2003) Most academics are not so quick to aggrandize the NAL's effects on world culture, citing the relative parity of cultural influences in the world as a whole. In other words, &quot;Proponents of the claim that America is culturally imperialistic have at every moment failed to take into account the influence of many exporters of cultural artifacts (moving pictures, music, literature, works of plastic arts, foodways, etc.) Even relatively small countries like [[Montrei]], [[Jervaine]] and [[Madagascar]] have been able to impress something of their own cultures upon the American experience. [...] It can not be sustained the notion that the NAL is a net exporter and imposer of culture upon the world.&quot; (&lt;u&gt;Larson, Jones and Smith&lt;/u&gt;, 2004)

==National Symbols==

===National Songs===
The NAL's first national song, &quot;They Come!&quot;, was composed in 1803 to honour Richard Whittington and Georges Clinton, two of the chief &quot;Fathers of America&quot;, upon their triumphal entrance to New Amsterdam after the ratification of the Solemn League and Covenant and subsequent Royal Accession to the same. It is sung to the tune &quot;He Comes, the Hero Comes!&quot;:

1.THey comes! þey comes! The heroes comes!&lt;br&gt;
Securd the Peace for all our homes,&lt;br&gt;
THeir rankes advance in bright array,&lt;br&gt;
THe heroes of Americay.&lt;br&gt;

2.He comes! tis mighty Whittington!&lt;br&gt;
Word failes to telle all he has done;&lt;br&gt;
Our hero, guardian, father, friend!&lt;br&gt;
His fame can neuer, neuer end:&lt;br&gt;

3.He comes! he comes! tis Clinton comes!&lt;br&gt;
Justice her ancient seat resumes.&lt;br&gt;
From shoar to shoar let shoutes resounde,&lt;br&gt;
For Justice comes with freedom crownd.&lt;br&gt;

4.O word! o word! o mighty pen!&lt;br&gt;
Neuer to dulle like swords wrought by men,&lt;br&gt;
From south til north let all folk say,&lt;br&gt;
THe Sol'mn League of Americay!&lt;br&gt;

5.Now Freedom has our wishes crownd,&lt;br&gt;
Let flowing goblets passe around;&lt;br&gt;
We'll drinke to freedoms fav'rite Son,&lt;br&gt;
Health, peace, and joy to Whittington.&lt;br&gt;

(Henrhig Car, from the New London Gazette, 12 December 1803)

In 1814, after the death of Governor Clinton and after several victories at sea over pirates in both the Caribbean and Mediterranean seas, &quot;They Come!&quot; was retired the new National Song, &quot;Wafts Still the Old Blue Sheet&quot;, written by Ter Mair native Ffrensisc S. Keyes, a prisoner rescued from Caribbean pirates, who witnessed the Seige of Kingestown, [[Jamaica]]. This anthem has been set to a couple different tunes over the years, one being &lt;i&gt;To Anacreon in Heaven&lt;/i&gt;. Most Americans are familiar with the setting to the old hymn tune &lt;i&gt;Near the Cross&lt;/i&gt;

&lt;i&gt;1.O, say can ye see, by þe dawns early light, &lt;br&gt;
What so proudly we haild at the twilights last gleaming? &lt;br&gt;
Whose deep blue and bright stars, þro the perilous fight, &lt;br&gt;
O'er þe ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming? &lt;br&gt;
And þe rockets red glare, þe bombes bursting in air, &lt;br&gt;
Gave proof thro þe night þat our flag was still þere. &lt;br&gt;
Wafts still þe Old Blue Sheet, o'er þe sea and o'er þe wave,&lt;br&gt;
O'er the land of þe free and þe home of þe brave?&lt;br&gt;

2.On þe shoar, dimly seen þro þe mists of þe deep, &lt;br&gt;
Where þe foes haughty host in dread silence reposes, &lt;br&gt;
What is þat which þe breeze, o'er the towering steep, &lt;br&gt;
As it fitfully blowes, half conceals, half discloses? &lt;br&gt;
Now it catches þe gleam of þe mornings first beam, &lt;br&gt;
In full glory reflected now shines on þe stream: &lt;br&gt;
Tis þe humble brave Blue Sheet! O long may it wave &lt;br&gt;
O'er the land of þe free and þe home of þe brave.&lt;br&gt;

3.O! þus be it euer, when freemen shall stand &lt;br&gt;
Between þeir loved homes and þe wars desolatioun! &lt;br&gt;
Blest with vict'ry and peace, may þe heav'n-rescued land &lt;br&gt;
Praise the Power þat hath made and preservd us a nation. &lt;br&gt;
Then stand bold we must, when our cause it is just, &lt;br&gt;
And þis be our motto: &quot;In God is our trust.&quot; &lt;br&gt;
And þe determind Blue Sheet in triumph shall wave &lt;br&gt;
O'er þe land of þe free and þe home of þe brave! &lt;/i&gt;&lt;br&gt;

Catherine Lee Bates's &quot;O Beautiful for Spacious Skies&quot;, written in 1904 to the tune &quot;Materna&quot;, is often thought of as the NAL's &quot;unofficial&quot; National Song, on account of its instant, intense and deep seated popularity. It was written in a time when the natural wonder of America was being opened to the masses through the Royal Geographic Society's magazine &quot;American Geography&quot; and the moving pictures of Thomas Edison and others. The Great War, which would break over Europe within the decade brought out a resurgence of patriotism and military spirit, which secured the position of &quot;Wafts Still the Old Blue Sheet&quot;.

&lt;i&gt;1.O beautiful for spacious skies,&lt;br&gt;
For ample woodland spyres;&lt;br&gt;
For lofty mountain majesties&lt;br&gt;
Above þe farms and byres!&lt;br&gt;
America! America!&lt;br&gt;
God shed His grace on þee,&lt;br&gt;
And crown þy good with brotherhood,&lt;br&gt;
From plain to crag to sea.&lt;br&gt;

2.O beautiful for heroes provd&lt;br&gt;
In liberatand strife,&lt;br&gt;
Who more þan self þeir country lovd,&lt;br&gt;
And mercy more than life!&lt;br&gt;
America! America!&lt;br&gt;
May God þy gold refine,&lt;br&gt;
Til all success be nobleness,&lt;br&gt;
And every gain divine.&lt;br&gt;

3.O beautiful for patriot dream&lt;br&gt;
That sees beyond þe yeares&lt;br&gt;
Thine alabaster cities gleam,&lt;br&gt;
Undimmed by human tears!&lt;br&gt;
America! America!&lt;br&gt;
God mend þine every flaw,&lt;br&gt;
Confirm þy soul in self control,&lt;br&gt;
Thy liberty in law.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br&gt;

===The national holiday===
2 July is called ''Convention Day'' or ''Diwrn ill Testafent'', and marks the formal declaration of independence from the British homelands.

===The Old Blue Sheet===
The flag of the NAL is called the Old Blue Sheet, and dates to the early 19th century rebellion that led the British colonies in North America to declare their constitutional independence from England, Scotland and Kemr. When [[Richard Bonnaire Whittington|Richard Whittington]] began casting tea into [[Baltimore]] Harbour, in protest to various Kemrese stamp taxes, a Philadelphian seamstress, Bettina Rosen, wife of Pennsylvaanish statesman Heinrich Rosen, made a flag to commemorate the cause. Locals noted that Rosen cut up white napkins into stars and stitched them onto a blue sheet from the local Oxhead Inn; and it was popular decree that named the new flag the Old Blue Sheet. Of course, Richard Whittington later went on to become the first General Moderator of the new North Americal League, and proposed Rosen's flag as the banner of the new country.

===Coat of Arms===
See [[American Coats of Arms]]

== Folk Traditions ==

A common folk song in Britain, &lt;i&gt;Aiken Drum&lt;/i&gt; has his American counterpart too:

1.  	There was a man lived in the Moon, in the Moon, in the Moon;&lt;br&gt;
	there was a man lived in the Moon, and his name was Aiken Drum;&lt;br&gt;
2.	he wore a kilt of rushes green, rushes green, rushes green;&lt;br&gt;
	he wore a kilt of rushes green, with a tick tock took tack tum;&lt;br&gt;
3.	his hair and beard knew never comb, knew never comb, knew never comb;&lt;br&gt;
	his hair and beard knew never comb, for his name was Aiken Drum;&lt;br&gt;
4.	some say he was a soldier, a soldier, a soldier;&lt;br&gt;
	some say he was a soldier, and his name was Aiken Drum;&lt;br&gt;
5.	but the bairns played harmless round his knee, round his knee, round his knee;&lt;br&gt;
	but the bairns played harmless round his knee, with a tick tock took tack tum;&lt;br&gt;
6.	and he played on a ladle, a ladle, a ladle;&lt;br&gt;
	and he played on a ladle, with a tick tock took tack tum;&lt;br&gt;
7.	and he rode on a horse of white, a horse of white, a horse of white;&lt;br&gt;
	and he rode on a horse of white, with a clip clop whackalally dum;&lt;br&gt;
8.	and with him rode a lady, a lady, a lady;&lt;br&gt;
	and with him rode a lady, with a clip clop whackalally tum;&lt;br&gt;
9.	and she played on a ladle, a ladle, a ladle;&lt;br&gt;
	and she played on a ladle, with a tick tock took tack tum;&lt;br&gt;
10.	and they two rode all in to town, all in to town, all in to town;&lt;br&gt;
	and they two rode all in to town, with a tick tock took tack tum;&lt;br&gt;
11.	and in the town their troth they plought, troth they plought, troth they plought;&lt;br&gt;
	and in the town their troth they plought, with a ring ring whackalally tum;&lt;br&gt;
12.	and they played on two ladles, two ladles, two ladles;&lt;br&gt;
	and they playon on two ladles, with a tick tock took tack tum;&lt;br&gt;
13.	in time they had a bairnocky, a bairnocky, a bairnocky;&lt;br&gt;
	in time they had a bairnocky, and his name was Johnock Drum;&lt;br&gt;
14.	and he played on a ladle, a ladle, a ladle;&lt;br&gt;
	and he played on a ladle, with a tick tock took tack tum;&lt;br&gt;
15.	one day they went to the parish fair, parish fair, parish fair;&lt;br&gt;
	one day they went to the parish fair, with a hog dog whackallaly tum;&lt;br&gt;
16.	and they played on three ladles, three ladles, three ladles,&lt;br&gt;
	and they played on three ladles, with a tick tock took tack tum;&lt;br&gt;
17.	and all the parish laughed and sang, laughed and sang, laughed and sang;&lt;br&gt;
	and all the parish laughed and sang, with a hey and a hoe and a tum;&lt;br&gt;
18.	the prester came down from the church, from the church, from the church;&lt;br&gt;
	the prester came down from the church, with a bell and a book and a drum;&lt;br&gt;
19.	he blessed them by the Trinity, the Trinity, the Trinity;&lt;br&gt;
	he blessed them by the Trinity, with his bell and his book and his drum;&lt;br&gt;
20.	at eveningtide they all rode home, all rode home, all rode home;&lt;br&gt;
	at eveningtide they all rode home, with a clip clop whackalally tum;&lt;br&gt;
21.	and they played on three ladles, three ladles, three ladles;&lt;br&gt;
	and they played on three ladles; wife and son and Aiken Drum.&lt;br&gt;

=Economy=
see [[NAL Currency]]

=Transport=

==Roads==
The road system of the NAL is a hodgepodge of provincial roads, roadway Trails and League subsidised Post Roads, such as PR-1 or PR-66. Numbered roads are assigned a distinctive shield depending on which authority is responsible for it. The signs above are all found in Ter Mair, a way north of Georgetown, except for the yellow sign which is in Baltimore. The rectangular shield indicates Ter Mair provincial road; the fancy shield indicates Post Road. The NAL has no system of limited access highways, such as Louisiana's autoroutes, though many stretches of the Post Road system are limited access throughways. The old system of Trails -- roads that are given quaint and descriptive names like &quot;Adirondack Trail&quot; or &quot;The Old Coastal Highway&quot; -- is slowly disapearing as these roads are imporved to meet the guidelines governing the Post Roads. Some of the names linger, however: PR-1 is called &quot;America's Main Street&quot;; PR-40 is called &quot;Old West Pike&quot; and the &quot;Old National Road&quot;; PR-66 is called the &quot;Mother Road&quot; and is famous in song and popular culture. Some veritably ancient portions of pavement from these older roads have been removed and preserved in museums in different parts of the country. See an article on [[Roads of the NAL|roads]] for more detail.

A portion of the Transcontinental Highway runs through the NAL on its way from north to south. The NAL's portion begins in Rousses Point, in New Castreleon, which is a major Customs node between the NAL and [[New_Francy|New Francy]], as it lies along the route that major roads and railways follow between New Amsterdam and Montreal. From Rousses Point, the TCH heads south along Lake Champlain and the Hudson River, along the Adirondack Trail (pending status as a future PR-9) until it reaches New Amsterdam; then it turns to the southwest and follows PR-1 and passes through Philadelphia, Balafor (Baltimore) and Castregeory (Georgetown). At Georgetown, the TCH heads west following the PR-66 through Charleston, Louisville and ends at St. Louis City, on the east bank of the Mississippi. From there, it passes into the Republic of Louisianne and heads to the southwest, passing into Tejas and ultimately into Mejico and the rest of Iberian America. A new alternate route sticks to PR-1 out of Georgetown and at St. Augustines City in East Florida turns west to follow the PR-90 into New Orleans.

==Rail==
See [[Railways of the NAL]].

=See Also=
The official website for the NAL is [[http://www.millennium.macvillage.net/]]

The article on the NAL/SLC is here: [[http://www.geocities.com/ill_bethisad/nal_slc.htm]] and the page on the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] is here: [[http://www.geocities.com/ill_bethisad/commonwealth.htm]]

And [[NAL Provincial Flags]].

{{NAL}}
[[Category:North American League]]
[[Category:Nations in North America]]
[[Category:Commonwealth of Nations]]

&lt;/font&gt;</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Francien</title>
    <id>1014</id>
    <revision>
      <id>61468</id>
      <timestamp>2009-08-17T03:04:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Benkarnell</username>
        <id>190</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">A language spoken in the northern part of [[France]] and for a long time considered its official language. Called &quot;French&quot; by the English speaking world, Francien is the official language of &lt;i&gt;Francie&lt;/i&gt;, the northern part of France, as well as the principle language spoken in many francophone countries, such as [[New Francy|New Francy]] and [[Louisianne]] in North America. Francien is also spoken in a number of African countries, notably the Central African Community as well as in [[Guinea]] and in [[Algeria]].  It is not the universal diplomatic language, but it is the working language of the [[Commission on Very Small States]].

The Louisiannans speak with a slower cadence than the Franciens of Paris, and has a pervasive trilled r, like the Côte-d'Oriens of France.  The ''argot'' (slang forms) are a little different, and there are some linguistic constructions that are becoming more widespread because of other languages' influences.  Louisiannan Francien should be considered a dialect of the mother tongue.  While the [[Laurentian]] of NF could be considered simply a pidgin of various Langues d'Oil (including Francien), there is an active political push to consider it a separate language entirely.

==See Also==
*[[Laurentian]]
*[[Louisiannais]]

{{Western Romance}}</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Laurentian</title>
    <id>1015</id>
    <revision>
      <id>43194</id>
      <timestamp>2006-11-25T19:09:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marc pasquin</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Laurentien is a [[Romance Languages|Romance Language]] spoken by the majority of the population in [[New_Francy|New Francy]]. It is derived from various languages spoken in the northern part of [[France]] (largely Norman, Francian and Picard ) that melded together over the course of a few centuries in New Francy. 

It existed until the mid-nineteenth century as a collection of dialects spoken in various regions of the Intendancy that were regarded by both its speakers and outsiders as &quot;badly spoken lower-class [[Francien|Francian]]&quot;. It only gain a sort of respectability thanks to the effort of various native born writers, teacher and journalists who tried to define the local language and culture during a serie of meetings that came to be known as the &quot;veiyae louraunsyeine&quot; [laurentian evening].

This informal group is credited with not only giving a clearer image of the linguistic situation but also, through the effort of some of its members, with giving the laurentian language greater stability by publishing books and newspaper in a Laurentian dialect that was dubbed &quot;Standard Laurentian&quot;. 

Some of the &quot;Veiyae&quot; group's detractors however have claimed in the past that the group purposefully tried to steer it away from francian by choosing words, expression and grammatical rules not based on their commonality but on their difference with the language of the ruling class (i.e. francian). On the other hand, the process of non-francian words being replace by francian ones in everyday speech had been well documented even in France and so it could be argued that the group's work simply reverted the assimilation process. 

Though still unofficial, the government has in the last few decades given it an almost equal status in everyday life.

 &lt;hr&gt;
&lt;i&gt;See also: &lt;b&gt;the Laurentian Dictionary &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; [http://marcpasquin.iquebec.com/ib-lau-intro.html]

{{Western Romance}}

[[Category:Romance Languages]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Brehonecq</title>
    <id>1016</id>
    <revision>
      <id>46244</id>
      <timestamp>2007-08-15T19:07:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elemtilas</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;
{{Western Romance}}
----
&lt;b&gt;Brehonecq&lt;/b&gt; is a [[Romance Languages|Britanno-Romance]] language spoken in the [http://www.bethisad.com/armorica.htm Brittany] region of northern [[France]]. It is most closely related to [[Kerno]] and a little more distantly to [[Brzhonegh]]. It has been commented in several magazines that Brehonecq is essentially &quot;[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/conculture/message/20710 Kerno spelled funny]&quot;.

&lt;b&gt;Brehonecq v. Kerno&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;font face=&quot;Bunchló&quot; color=&quot;brown&quot;&gt;a Phazeoir Nusteor que bias 'n y ceues; foreth noef il tew nom; gouenyes il tew camouil; foreth fès la teva gouoluntáts en la derra cuomo 'ny ceues; danos-el osdia le nusteor panèn cuotidièn; dimeti y nusteor dheuz cuomo dimitemus ai nusteor dheutoeres; et ne nus attrayer rhen al tentación, mays eliveránus des val.&lt;/font&gt;

&lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;Phaeor Noeur que's enis ceues; sas nef el teu nom; goueins el teu reyno; sas feu l' ta gouoluntat en la derra coumo enis ceues; das a noev hosdia 'l noeur pan coutihan; dimet y noeur deuts coumo dimetem eis noeur deuteors; et ne nous dotrayer rhen ala temtacioun, mais eliveranous dex malo.&lt;/font&gt;
----
From a message by Padraic to [[Conculture]], 3 Dec 2002:

&lt;pre&gt;
&gt; But with a different orthography. *Please* Padraic, could you tell me how 
&gt; Brezonecq differs from Kerno and what their orthography's like?? 

Well, they have got a lot more Qs! ;)

Seriously, the most notable difference is the loss of intervocalic consonants:

veure = gouither (see)
Breohanou = Britanows (Briton)
boeur = bodeor (was)

Brezonecq itself is a slightly conservative form of Breohanecq.

They have fewer Brithenig loanwords, preferring in stead to borrow from Norman (Normand),
Francien (Galles), Arvorech (Armoreocq) and of course Kerno (Breohanecq Mor).

They have also dropped the pretense of having case, so all those -e and -es forms are gone. On
the other hand, they've retained the ancient stem vowels (-o and -a notably). This will make
Breozenecq look weird, but it is in this respect identical to Western Kerno.

el brouys = il brogis (country)
el chatos = il cats (cat)

And like Kerno, it has a convoluted system of plural stems which are naturally different from
the Eastern (Standard) Kerno you've seen thys far.

Verbal morphology is pretty much the same:

veure            gouither
jie veuem        eio gouithem
tu veues         ty gouithes
ce veues         ce gouithes
nus veuiom       nus gouithiomus
vus veuiez       vus gouithez
eis veuiont      ys gouithiont

Sentences are formed identically (VSO largely) and both languages share all the same little
particles and such.

B: parle, mays parle ben; ag pharler becq le mabon.
K: parla, mays parla ben; et pharlar beck il plu bon.

B:
en ân el prime, bes ag vracq;
en ân el circqe, foher ag lug;
en ân el terse, do ferres az ferres;
en ân el quarte, els chorun ai que 'l ôm es ferres!

K:
'n awn le prims, bes et vrax;
'n awn le cerch, futur e lugh;
'n awn le ters, doferret aferret;
'n awn le couart, y chornes li quen c' omen ys ferret!

[In the first year, kiss and hold;
in the second year, *censored*;
in the third year, carry and toil;
in the fourth year, curse the one that brought that man!]

Padraic.
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;font size=&quot;-3&quot;&gt;Install Bunchló font to see samples properly.&lt;/font&gt;</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Batavian Kingdom</title>
    <id>1017</id>
    <revision>
      <id>46139</id>
      <timestamp>2007-08-10T13:05:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Schlock junkie</username>
        <id>189</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=Bataafs Koninkrijk&lt;br&gt;Batavian Kingdom}}
{{image infobox|file=bat.gif|caption=Flag of the {{PAGENAME}} }}
{{motto infobox|motto=Je maintiendrai!}}
{{lang2 infobox|official=Dutch|others=Frisian, Low Saxon, Limburgish, [[Brzhonegh]], Walloon}}
{{cities2 infobox|capital=Amsterdam|other=Brussels, Rotterdam, The Hague, Antwerpen, Utrecht}}
{{ruler2 infobox|title=Queen|name=[[Béatrice d'Orange]]}}
{{ruler2 infobox|title=Prime minister|name=Fred Hemcke}}
{{area infobox|area=51,820 km²}}
{{population infobox|population=23,986,535 (2005)|adjective=inhabitants}}
&lt;!-- {{independence2 infobox|from=...|date=[[{{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}|{{CURRENTDAY}}]] [[{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}]] [[{{CURRENTYEAR}}]]}} --&gt;
{{currency infobox|currency=1 rijksdaalder = 20 gulden = 240 stuivers}}
{{organization infobox|organization=[[European Federation]], [[Hanseatic League]]}}
{{close infobox}}

== The Low Countries ==
The '''Batavian Kingdom''', also referred to as the &quot;Low Countries&quot;, the &quot;Kingdom of Batavia&quot;, or simply &quot;Batavia&quot;, is composed of nine semi-independent provinces.  Renowned the world over for their chocolates, flower bulbs and wooden shoes, the Batavian Kingdom still maintains a small overseas empire as well, with colonies in and around the Indian Ocean, Africa and the Caribbean.

[[France]] and the Batavian Kingdom have a common frontier, corresponding more or less to the linguistic border of Belgium *here*. Brussels is a border town, Wallonia is a French province. The current ruler is Reine Béatrice d'Orange (the Batavians are not ruled by Salic Law), and the royal line is *there* related to Louis Napoléon. Although the official and majoritary language of the country as a whole is Dutch (sometimes erroneously referred to as &quot;Batavian&quot;), each province has its own official language(s). In addition, it can be said that [[Francien]] is still the language of the nobility. 

The Batavian Kingdom has not always enjoyed such a significant peace as it does in these days.  During the [[First Great War|First]] and [[Second Great War|Second Great Wars]], Batavia was overrun by invading forces, much like its sister countries, [[Luxemburg]] and [[Jervaine]], to the south.

Through all this political upheaval, Batavia remains a kingdom, ruled since 1980 by the Queen Béatrice of Orange.  Peaceful exchange is maintained with the [[Germany|Holy Roman Empire]] to the east, and [[France]] to the south.  Industry still focuses largely on the domestic markets, although there is an increasing tourist trade, both to Batavian Kingdom proper, and to the overseas holdings of the Batavian Kingdom in [[Guinea]], the East Indies, and the West Indies.

A former tourist spot is looking better, with the concern of [[Florida-Caribbea|Florida-Caribbean]] encroachment diminished in the Caribbean Sea.  The Batavian Government expects that its stipend to the Holland Americas cruise ship company will soon be dropped, due to a large increase in tourist revenues.

==Administration==
===Government===

The Batavian Kingdom is a Constitutional Monarchy, currently ruled by Queen Beatrice.

Its highest body is the parliament, known as '''Staten-Generaal''', seated in The Hague. The Staten-Generaal consists of two chambers. The '''Eerste Kamer''' (&quot;First Chamber&quot;, also known as '''Senaat''') has 100 members and is elected by the ''Staten'' of the provinces. It has relatively little power, being able to reject legislation, but not propose or amend any. The actual power rests with the lower house, the '''Tweede Kamer''' (&quot;Second Chamber&quot;), consisting of 200 members.

The composition of the Tweede Kamer since 1982 has been:

{| {{prettytable}} cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 width=450
|- bgcolor=#cccccc 
! Party name !! 1982 !! 1986 !! 1989 !! 1994 !! 1998 !! 2002 !! 2003 !! 2005
|- bgcolor=red
! colspan=&quot;9&quot; | &lt;font color=white&gt;socialist parties&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| '''SDAP'''               |{{r}} 58 |{{r}} 54 |{{r}} 57 |{{r}} 52 |{{r}} 59 |{{r}} 28 |{{r}} 41 |{{r}} 53
|-
| '''BCP'''                |{{r}} 6 |{{r}} 5 |{{r}} 4 |{{r}} 2 |{{r}} 2 |{{r}} 2 |{{r}} 2 |{{r}} 2
|-
| '''PPS'''                |{{r}} 4 |{{r}} 2 |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} -
|-
| '''RP'''                 |{{r}} 3 |{{r}} 3 |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - 
|-
| '''PEP'''                |{{r}} 1 |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - 
|-
| '''Ecotopisch Links'''   |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} 8 |{{r}} 8 |{{r}} 13 |{{r}} 14 |{{r}} 13 |{{r}} 17
|-
| '''SVP'''                |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} 2 |{{r}} 6 |{{r}} 8 |{{r}} 10 |{{r}} 16
|- bgcolor=blue
! colspan=&quot;9&quot; | &lt;font color=yellow&gt;liberal parties&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| '''VVV'''                |{{r}} 42 |{{r}} 38 |{{r}} 32 |{{r}} 44 |{{r}} 48 |{{r}} 31 |{{r}} - |{{r}} -
|-
| '''Democraten '70        |{{r}} 9 |{{r}} 13 |{{r}} 15 |{{r}} 28 |{{r}} 12 |{{r}} 5 |{{r}} - |{{r}} -
|-
| '''VDC'''                |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} 44 |{{r}} 39
|- bgcolor=green
! colspan=&quot;9&quot; | &lt;font color=white&gt;confessional parties&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| '''RKVP'''               |{{r}} 55 |{{r}} 59 |{{r}} 58 |{{r}} 32 |{{r}} 35 |{{r}} 41 |{{r}} 50 |{{r}} 35
|-
| '''CDU'''                |{{r}} 17 |{{r}} 21 |{{r}} 19 |{{r}} 15 |{{r}} 17 |{{r}} 22 |{{r}} 25 |{{r}} 19
|-
| '''SGB'''                |{{r}} 3 |{{r}} 3 |{{r}} 3 |{{r}} 2 |{{r}} 2 |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} -
|-
| '''GPU'''                |{{r}} 1 |{{r}} 2 |{{r}} 2 |{{r}} 3 |{{r}} 4 |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} -
|-
| '''UPCP'''               |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} 5 |{{r}} 5 |{{r}} 5
|- bgcolor=yellow
! colspan=&quot;9&quot; | conservative parties
|-
| '''Lijst Teun Geluck'''  |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} 41 |{{r}} 5 |{{r}} 2
|-
| '''Bewoonbaar Batavië''' |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} 3 |{{r}} 2 |{{r}} -
|-
| '''Liberale Lijst'''     |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} 7
|- bgcolor=#b87166
! colspan=&quot;9&quot; | &lt;font color=white&gt;nationalist parties&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| '''Centrum-Unie'''        |{{r}} 1 |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} -
|-
| '''Centraal-Democraten''' |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} 2 |{{r}} 3 |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} -
|-
| '''NP'''                  |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} 3 |{{r}} 5
|- bgcolor=#aaaaaa
! colspan=&quot;9&quot; | others
|-
| '''BOM'''                 |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} 9 |{{r}} 2 |{{r}} - |{{r}} - |{{r}} -
|}

See '''[[Governments of the Batavian Kingdom]]''' for a list of governments. The current government consists of sixteen ministers and is a broad coalition of four parties: the SDAP, the RKVP, the VDC, and the CDU (see [[Political Parties in the Batavian Kingdom]]). It took office in October 2005.

{| {{prettytable}} cellpadding=3 
| prime minister (''premier'') || Fred Hemcke || SDAP
|-
| foreign affairs (''buitenlandse zaken'') || Johannes Brinkmann Laheij || SDAP
|-
| interior (''binnenlandse zaken'') || Marinus van Esschen || VDC
|-
| finance (''financiën'') || Jan Roos || RKVP
|-
| economic affairs (''economische zaken'') || Margreet Maathuis || SDAP
|-
| social affairs (''sociale zaken'') || Marcus Lindt || SDAP
|-
| foreign trade (''buitenlandse handel'') || Marjolein de Vreede || CDU
|-
| justice (''justitie'') || Julius Wassen || RKVP
|-
| education (''onderwijs'') || Gabriëlle Haijer || SDAP
|-
| housing and spatial policy (''volkshuisvesting &amp; ruimtelijke ordening'') || Henriëtte Vogel || SDAP
|-
| public health &amp; environment (''volksgezondheid &amp; milieu'') || Erik Ottervanger || VDC
|-
| communication &amp; water works (''verkeer &amp; waterstaat'') || Hans Rijkenberg || VDC
|-
| agriculture (''landbouw'') || Frans van der Hoff || RKVP
|-
| culture &amp; welfare (''cultuur &amp; welzijn'') || Nicoline van der Meulen || SDAP
|-
| overseas territories (''overzeese rijksdelen'') || Eelco Geugjes || CDU
|}

[[Image:Bkprov.png|thumb|350px|Provinces of the Batavian Kingdom (updated to reflect the [[Frisian Islands Project]].]]

===Administrative Divisions===

The Batavian Kingdom has been compared to the [[Scandinavian Realm]] in that each of the nine provinces are semi-independent states with a high level of autonomy, tied together by a personal union. The Queen is not only Queen of the Batavian Kingdom, but also Countess of Holland, Duchess of Brabant, etc.

Thus, the Queen is the nominal head of state of the provinces. However, she rarely acts in that capacity. Instead, she appoints a representative to each province who fulfills that duty. In the Northern provinces, this person is known as ''Commissaris van de Koningin'' (&quot;Commissioner of the Queen&quot;), in the Southern provinces as ''Gouverneur'' (&quot;Governor&quot;). The commissioners and governors are not elected democratically, but has to be confirmed by the ruling body of the provinces, the ''Staten''. They remain in function until they reach the age of 65, withdraw from their function themselves, are revoked by the Queen, or are impeached by a 2/3 majority in the Staten.

Each province has a government, called ''College van Gedeputeerden'' (&quot;College of Deputies&quot;), who are presided by the commissioner/governor; it responds to the Staten.

The nine provinces of the Batavian Kingdom are as follows:

{| {{prettytable}} cellpadding=5 width=&quot;70%&quot;
|- bgcolor=#99aaff
! width=&quot;4%&quot; | # !! width=&quot;24%&quot; | Name !! width=&quot;10%&quot; | Capital !! width=&quot;12%&quot; | Area !! width=&quot;10%&quot; | Population !! width=&quot;20%&quot; | Language !! width=&quot;20%&quot; | Religion
|-
| 1 || Graafschap Friesland || Leeuwarden || align=right | 8,827 km² || align=right | 1,534,658 || Frisian, Saxon || Protestant
|- bgcolor=#ddeeff
| 2 || Graafschap Overijssel || Zwolle || align=right | 6,449 km² || align=right | 1,655,362 || Saxon || Protestant
|-
| 3 || Hertogdom Gelderland || Arnhem || align=right | 7,146 km² || align=right | 2,580,357 || Dutch, Saxon || Protestant, Catholic
|- bgcolor=#ddeeff
| 4 || Prinsbisdom Utrecht || Utrecht || align=right| 1,386 km² || align=right| 1,171,356 || Dutch || Protestant, Catholic
|-
| 5 || Graafschap Holland || Amsterdam || align=right| 5,068 km² || align=right| 5,861,766 || Dutch || Protestant
|- bgcolor=#ddeeff
| 6 || Graafschap Zeeland || Middelburg || align=right| 3,041 km² || align=right| 769,420 || Dutch, Brzhonegh || Protestant
|-
| 7 || Graafschap Vlaanderen || Gent || align=right| 6,057 km² || align=right| 2,522,462 || Flemish || Catholic
|- bgcolor=#ddeeff
| 8 || Hertogdom Brabant || Brussel || align=right| 9,271 km² || align=right| 5,943,230 || Brabants || Catholic
|-
| 9 || Hertogdom Limburg || Maastricht || align=right| 4,575 km² || align=right| 1,947,924 || Limburgs || Catholic
|}

=== Overseas possessions ===

Unlike *here*, [[Southeast Asia]] managed to keep the European would-be colonisers at a safe distance. Therefore, there was never any &quot;Nederlands Indië&quot; or &quot;Bataafs Indië&quot;. Instead, the Batavian Kingdom has the following territories in Asia: [[Atjeh]], [[Arakan]], [[Ceylon]], [[Tsjinzoerah]], [[Malediven]], and [[Nagapatnam]]. In the West Indies, the Batavian Kingdom includes the [[Batavian Antilles]] and [[Batavian Guyana]] (a.k.a. [[Surinam]]). In Africa, only [[Leeuwenbergland]] and [[Batavian Kongo]] is still part of the Batavian Kingdom. It sold its possessions at the [[Guinea|Gold Coast]] to [[Austro-Dalmatia]] in 1872; while [[Southwest Africa]] was seized by the [[England|English]] in the Boer War. Batavian possessions in [[North America]] were lost over the centuries.

The Batavians tried to colonize [[Nam Viet]] with the [[France|French]] but were unsuccessful.

Decolonisation took the same shape as in the case of the [[Federated Kingdoms]] and the [[Scandinavian Realm]]: instead of becoming independent states, the former colonies rather became equal components of the kingdom.

Not a possession in the usual political sense, the Zaandam based [[Ecotourism|ecotourism]] company &lt;i&gt;Nieuw Zaandam Ecotours&lt;/i&gt; operates a concern on the eastern half of St. David Island in the [[Unincorporated Territory]], [[NAL-SLC|NAL]].

&lt;!--
==History==
HISTORY OF THE NATION
--&gt;

==Geography==
A great deal of the Batavian Kingdom is below sea-level, and is maintained by series of Polders, compartmentalized regions surrounded by dikes.  Because the Batavian Kingdom is largely comprised of peat soils, they will continually fight against subsidence into the ocean.  Dikes have been built over millenia. The most recent region recovered was Flevoland until the completion of the [[Frisian Islands Project]] (Plan Hickstra), which completed its first phase in late 2005.  The second phase is set to complete this summer, with the expansion of the Schiermonnikoog island and the creation of Rottumeiland from Zuiderduintjes, Rottumeroog, and Rottumerplaat islands.  A similar project has begun to create the [[Marsdieperwaard]], a new polder to build out the northern shore of Holland.

There is an ongoing project in the East Frisian Islands, an extension of the Plan Hickstra, which is expected to reach completion sometime in summer of 2006. (This date may be pushed back, as the winter storms of 2005 have delayed the completion of some of the dikes.)  This project is in cooperation with the Scandinavian Realm to fully incorporate the Easternmost Islands of the East Frisian Islands.

===Borders===
:North and West: The North Sea and The British Channel
:South: [[France]]
:East: [[Germany|Holy Roman Empire]] (clockwise: [[Oldenburg]], [[Hannover]], [[Westphalia]], [[Rhineland-Palatinate]])

==Economy==
The Batavian Kingdom is renowned the world over as having the world's busiest seaport in Rotterdam.  It is also the headquarters for Tulips and diamonds.
&lt;!-- 
==Culture==
RELEVANT ASPECTS OF THE NATION'S CULTURE
===Languages===
===Religion===

==See also==
LINK(S) TO EVENTUAL WEBSITE(S) --&gt;

&lt;!--- Let's keep this piece of invisible text as it is a nice piece of source material:
== Name ==
France and &quot;The Kingdom of Batavia&quot;. [Another suggestion was &quot;Batavian Kingdom&quot;. The English *there* would most likely lean towards the former, with -an names (compare with The Scottyshe Kingdome and the Kingdome of Italy).] have a common frontier, corresponding more or less to the linguistic border of Belgium *here*. Brussels is a border town. Walloonia is a French province. Flanders is part of the Kingdom of Batavia (provisional name). The current ruler is Reine Béatrice d'Orange (like *here*, the Dutch are not ruled by Salic Law). I'll try to think of the details, but I kind of like the idea that Francien would still be the language of the nobility *there* (maybe because the royal line is *there* related to Louis Napoléon), although Dutch would be largely majoritary. 

[The *Netherlands turned out in fact to be the Kingdom of Batavia, Ed.]
---&gt;

== We Be Soldiers Three ==
:We be soldiers three
:Pardonnez moi, je vous en prie
:Lately come forth from the Low Country
:With never a penny of money

:Here, good fellow, I drink to thee
:Pardonnez moi, je vous en prie
:To all good fellows wherever they be
:With never a penny of money

:And he that will not pledge me this
:Pardonnez moi, je vous en prie
:Pays for the shot, whatever it is,
:With never a penny of money

:Charge again, boy, charge it again
:Pardonnez moi, je vous en prie
:As long as there is any ink in thy pen
:With never a penny of money

:We be soldiers three
:Pardonnez moi, je vous en prie
:Lately come forth from the Low Country
:With never a penny of money.

{{Batavia}}

[[Category:Batavian Kingdom|*]]
[[Category:Nations in Europe]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ill Bethisad Militaries</title>
    <id>1018</id>
    <revision>
      <id>63808</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-10T23:23:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elemtilas</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">The page for anything having to do with militaries in IB.  Structure, technology, etc.

* [[Royal Navy]]

* [[Balkan Defense Agreement]]
* [[Continental Army]]
* [[silele|Dalmatian Armed Forces]]
* [[Federal Defense Plan]] of [[Romania]]
* [[Greek Military]]
* [[IJN_Ships| Imperial Japanese Navy Ship Naming Conventions]]
* [[LaGG]]
* [[List of Jet Fighters|List of jet fighter aircraft known to exist in IB]]
* [[Louisiannan Military]]
* [[Monastic Republic Gendarmery]]
* [[Oltenian Air Corps]]
* [[Pontifical Zouaves]]
* [[Solemn League Navy]]
* [[SR Military]]
* [[Royal Moldovan Army]]
* [[Royal Navy of Muntenia]]
* [[TND| The Doctrine of &quot;Total National Defence&quot;]]
* [[Turkestan Military]]
* [[Armed Forces of Uyguristan]]
[[Category:Military]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>SR Military</title>
    <id>1019</id>
    <revision>
      <id>56635</id>
      <timestamp>2009-01-28T22:20:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Benkarnell</username>
        <id>190</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>link to camo file</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">This page for anything about [[Scandinavian Realm|SR's]] military. Proposed articles are:

* [[Aircraft-carrying Submarines]]
* [[Dragen]]
* [[Espingols]]
* [[Flying Fuselages]]
* [[Skarven]]
* [[SR Compulsory Military Service]]
* [[SR Tactical Doctrine]]
*[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/conculture/files/IB/Scandinavian%20Realm/SR-Camo.bmp 2x2 feet sample of camouflage pattern used on SR military uniforms]

[[Category:Scandinavian Realm]]
[[Category:Military]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Espingols</title>
    <id>1020</id>
    <revision>
      <id>12121</id>
      <timestamp>2005-02-08T15:47:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">&lt;b&gt;Description:&lt;/b&gt; An espingol is a Scandinavian technology and invention for the delivery of projectiles whether for military or civilian use.

An espingol consists of one or more main barrels. Smaller-diameter barrels, loaded with between 16 to 32 projectiles, are inserted, like a modern magazine clip, into the larger diameter main barrels. A propellant load is located between the projectiles.

&lt;b&gt; Conventional Espingols:&lt;/b&gt; In conventional espingols, the propellant of the outermost projectile is ignited by a fuse. The propellant of the next projectile is then ignited, when the first projectile was discharged. The third when the second is discharged. And so on. Once the first projectile is discharged, all the other projectiles will then follow at regular intervals. When all the projectiles is discharged, the empty inner barrel is then extracted and replaced by a new, fully loaded barrel, just as one removes a magazine clip.

Espingols thus provides a means whereby objects, such as bullets that have been tightly grouped in multiple barrel containers, can be stored, transported in and fired from those same containers. These barrel containers can be grouped in any configuration, to meet any particular application.

For more info on conventional espingols see:

http://www.milhist.dk/weapons/espingorgel/espingorgel_uk.htm

&lt;b&gt;Modern Espingols:&lt;/b&gt; Modern espingols are fired electronically. They work like bubblejet printers, where the espingol battery is the ink cartridge and the ammunition is the ink. This setup allows the projectiles to be selectively fired, rather than being fired in groups as in conventional espingols. Modern espingols can achieve electronically variable burst rates of fire, from conventionally slow to an excess of one million rounds per minute.

The variable rate of fire, multi-barrel, multi-calibre capabilities of modern espingols has potential for numerous military and civilian applications, ranging from small arms to heavy calibre. A single espingol battery, with multiple barrels of different calibres, can have multiple functions all in one battery, including:

*anti-missile systems
*vehicle and ship defenses
*area denial systems
*shell delivering systems
*fire-fighting systems
*fireworks
*precision agricultural chemical distribution

Soldiers of the [[Scandinavian Realm]] are no longer armed with conventional assault rifles or guns, but with individual espingol combat weapons.

For more info on modern espingols see:

http://www.metalstorm.com/

[[Category:Science and Technology]]
[[Category:Military]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dragen</title>
    <id>1021</id>
    <revision>
      <id>16221</id>
      <timestamp>2005-10-26T05:13:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kgaughan</username>
        <id>32</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>Removed reference to 'Eire' page.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">= SAAS Dragen =

The [[Scandinavian Realm|SR]]'s own jet interceptor. Like the typical Swedish designs of *here*, it is a canard (tail-first) design allowing greater maneuverability than conventional designs. The SAAS Dragen is *here* the Kyushu J7W2 Shinden-kai, a jet-powered version of the [[Japan|Japanese]]-built Kyushu J7W1 Shinden of WWII. Both were designed to be highly maneuverable short-range intercepters.

The first version, the SAAS Dragen v1, was first produced in 1992. It was a propeller plane with a supercharged 2130 hp SAAS v27 18 cylinder radial pushing a six bladed propeller with a top speed: 800 km/hr (500 mi/hr). Potential problems of emergency escape, where the pilot risked being shredded by the propeller behind him, led to an ejection seat system in the v1. Problems with torque led to a jet powered version, the v2, in 2000. This was to be the jet-powered version of the v1 that was to be powered by a 2200 lb thrust SAAS J-130 axial-flow turbojet. This provided a much improved performance over the propeller-type by reducing torque (a serious problem of the v1 and most propeller planes) and improved safety for emergency escape. Armament was the same as the v1.

Below are the specs of the SAAS Dragen v2:

:Engine: 1x 2200 lb thrust SAAS J-130 axial-flow turbo-jet
:Wing-span: &lt;nowiki&gt;36'5''6'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:Length: &lt;nowiki&gt;31'8''4'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:Height: &lt;nowiki&gt;12'10''6'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:Weight: Empty 7639 lb / Loaded 10854 lb
:Maximum Speed: 530 mph (level), 600 mph (dive)
:Ceiling: 39370'
:Range: 530 miles
:Crew: 1
:Armament: 4x 30 mm BOFORS cannons, 4x underwing hardpoints

Basically, it is a smaller, lighter, more maneuverable plane than the [[Dalmatia|Dalmatian]] Spretu. So it is ideal for carriers. On land-based operations, its primary missions are interception - hence high speed but the short range.

Countries that have Dragens in service are the SR, the [[Commonwealth of Nations]], [[Ireland]], and several Baltic states.

Currently, SAAS is tinkering with a better engine with improved thrust and better fuel economy, and should increase the speed and range of the Dragen.

[[Category:Science and Technology]]
[[Category:Military]]
[[Category:Scandinavian Realm]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Germany</title>
    <id>1022</id>
    <revision>
      <id>60885</id>
      <timestamp>2009-07-29T04:43:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Benkarnell</username>
        <id>190</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Chancellor and Council of State */ Capital - archive from 2004</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=Sacrum Romanum Imperium&lt;br&gt;Heiliges Römisches Reich&lt;br&gt;Holy Roman Empire}} 
{{image infobox|file=Deflag.gif|caption=Flag of {{PAGENAME}} }} 
{{lang2 infobox|official=Latin, German|others=Bohemian, Batavian, Frisian, Low Saxon, Riksmål}}
{{ruler2 infobox|title=[[Holy Roman Emperor|Empress]]|name=[[Empress Maria I|Maria I]]}} 
{{cities infobox|capital=Fulda|largest=Hamburg?|other=Berlin, Rhein-Ruhr}}
{{independence2 infobox|from=Roman Empire|date=800}}
{{currency infobox|currency=1 Reichsthaler=12 Kreuzer/Neugroschen=240 Pfennig}}
{{organization infobox|organization=[[European Federation]], [[Hansa]]}}
{{close infobox}} 

The '''Holy Roman Empire''' (HRE), which is normally called either ''Almein'' or ''Germany'' by the British, is a weakened agglomeration of German states, cities and regions (all called &quot;Electorates&quot;, because they send &quot;Electors&quot; to the Diet which is a sort of legislature) reformed in the aftermath of GWII.

The Empire exists because it has existed for twelve centuries, and nobody has abolished it, not even [[Napoleon]]. It has a Kaiser (who also has a bunch of other titles, including &quot;Comrade Weiblingen, Captain-General of the Red Army of [[Bavaria]]&quot;) and a court. Its prestige, like that of the American Presidency *here*, has varied from enormous to nil, and is rather at low ebb right now. It has had several high points over the last century: 1870, 1914, 1935 (all of which preceeded continuing chapters of the neverending Eurowar). The exceptions were Chancellor Bismark (who united a fragmented Empire before the GWI; and Field Marshall Adolf Hessler who ruled Germany from 1940-1949. Neither were Emperors, simply trusted officers who usurped their Emperors position. 

Its constituents are the same as ever, except for those who have explicitly renounced allegiance ([[France]], e.g.). I.e., HRE consists nowadays of all the German states [1] plus [[Luxembourg]], the eastern third of [[Jervaine]] and formally [[Bohemia]] (since 1612 Electorate with ''mute vote''). Each German state, or land, is an autonomous region that sends an elector to Berlin that meet as the Diet and elect new Kaisers. The Diet is not a proper parliament, for since the end of the GWII, Germany is a fragmented country in which each land is considered an independent country only loosely united within the Empire. Currently, the Kaiser's powers are largely those of a figurehead: he may cajole and urge the various lands to enact laws or agreements; but can no longer create law on his own. The military is also somewhat fragmented. Most lands have a militia, but only the larger electorates have actual armies: Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony. 

==Imperial Government==
{{wip}}
In the past, the HRE has gone from a centralized polity to a loosely-held semi-alliance of independent states and back again.  Currently, the Empire functions more as a loose federation, akin in some ways to [[Romania]] or the [[RTC|Republic of Two Crowns]].

===Election of the Emperor===
As stipulated by the [[Treaty of Copenhagen]], the heads of state (or their plenipotentiaries) would elect a new Emperor upon the death or abdication of the previous holder of the title.  The election would be by majority vote, subject to certain restrictions:
* The Emperor may be a bearer of a noble title or the head of state of a republic within the Empire. This may include a non-ruling house or a title in pretense, and it may include the HoS of an autonomous region, e.g. in [[Thuringia]].
* If the Emperor is a republican HoS, a new election must be called when his term of office expires.
* A new Emperor may not come from the same house or state as his predecessor, or his predecessor's predecessor. [Admittedly, this is similar to Henua law, but it makes sense since it would prevent one state, or a coalition of two states, from monopolizing the Imperial throne.]
* Anyone holding a noble title or political office outside the Empire is disqualified. [This keeps the [[Scandinavian Realm|Scandinavian]] Archking/queen from being eligible.]

===Imperial Diet/Conclave of Electors===
The 23 members (or their plenipotentiaries) of the Imperial Diet are officially called ''Electors'' because of their duty to choose the new [[Holy Roman Emperor]].  The Diet convenes under certain circumstances:
* Within thirty days of the Emperor calling for such a convening (which he cannot do until at least thirty days have elapsed since the Diet adjourned ''sine di''.
* The death, disablement, resignation/abdication, or disqualification of  the Emperor or Chancellor requires an Electoral Convention within ten days.
* At least once every four years.
* Within sixty days of the membership of the Diet changing by five, through death, disablement, resignation/abdication, end-of-office or disqualification.
* Within thirty days of seven Electors publicly proclaiming a petition to the Emperor to convene the Electors.
* The Chancellor also has the right to petition for a convention, but this is in no way mandatory.  It is usually granted, however.

===Chancellor and Council of State===
The virtual head of government of the HRE is the ''Chancellor'' who is elected by the Electors from among any adult citizen of the Empire.  Technically, this person's title is &quot;President Minister&quot; but virtually everyone refers to this person as the Chancellor.
{{Quote|Ce corps qui s'appelait et qui s'appelle encore le saint empire&lt;br&gt;
romain n'était en aucune manière ni saint, ni romain, ni empire.|Voltaire}}
The ''Council of State'' functions as a cabinet, heading the various imperial ministries and departments.  Each member-state nominates a &quot;slate&quot; of cabinet nominees--one for each post available.  The Chancellor can pick and choose, but only from among those candidates.  While either the Chancellor or the Cabinet make the day-to-day decisions for the Imperial government, all major decisions are subject to review, advise and consent from the Diet.  This would be far more acrimonious save that the actual responsibility of the Chancellor and Council amounts mostly to coordination between member-states on things like highways, jurisdictional disputes, joint ventures, etc.  The lagtime between the implementation of a policy by the Council and its formal approval or disavowel by the Diet means there is a chance to see if an idea works before making it &quot;official.&quot;
===Capital===
The HRE still operates on the ancient principle that the capital is where
the Emperor resides, rather than on the modern one that the Emperor
must reside in the capital. So in principle, any Emperor could change
the capital at any time; however, that is not the same as dragging the
Reichskanzlerei with him, which probably has different pieces in
different cities by tradition (*everything* to do with the HRE is
a matter of tradition, it seems).  (JC, [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/conculture/message/15536 15536])  Since 1965, the capital has been Fulda in the People's State of Hesse, where Emperor [[Stephan I]] first established his court.

==Economics==
The Deutscher Bund is the main commercial competition to the [[Hanseatic League| Hansa]] and the [[Baltic League]], although they have trade agreements between them as well. It is a sort of commercial union originating in central and southern Germany, while the [[Hanseatic League| Hansa]] is northern German and Baltic in nature. 


[1] The States Constituting the Holy Roman Empire:

*Kingdom of [[Wuerttemberg]] (Koenigreich Wuerttemberg)
*Grand Duchy of [[Baden]] (Grossherzogtum Baden)
*Free Hansa City [[Bremen]] (Freie Hansestadt Bremen)
*Duchy of [[Braunschweig| Brunswick]] (Herzogtum Braunschweig)
*Free and Hanseatic City of [[Hamborg]] (Freie &amp; Hansestadt Hamburg)
*Kingdon of [[Hannover]] (Koenigreich Hannover)
*People's State of [[Hessen| Hesse]] (Volkstaat Hessen) *NOT communist!*
*Principality of [[Lippe]] (Fuerstentum Lippe)
*Free Hanseatic City of [[Lybeck| Luebeck]] (Freie Hansestadt Luebeck)
*State of [[Mecklenburg]] (Staat Mecklenburg)
*Duchy of [[Oldenborg| Oldenburg]] (Herzogtum Oldenburg) *part of the Scandinavian Realm
*Duchy of [[Preimern| Premaria]] (Herzogtum Preimern)
*Kingdom of [[Prussia]] (Koenigreich Preussen)
*[[Rhineland-Palatinate]] (Rheinland-Pfalz)
*Kingdom of [[Saxony]] (Koenigreich Sachsen)
*Duchy of [[Anhalt]] (Herzogtum Anhalt)
*State of [[Thuringia]] (Staat Thueringen)
*Principality of [[Waldeck-Pyrmont]]
*[[Schleswig-Holstein|Holstein]] (Herzogtum Holstein) *part of Schleswig-Holstein, the Scandinavian Realm
*Soviet Republic of [[Bavaria]]


[[Image:HRE_map.png|thumb|Map of the Holy Roman Empire]]

{{HRE}}

[[Category:Holy Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Nations in Europe]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pontifical Zouaves</title>
    <id>1023</id>
    <revision>
      <id>57535</id>
      <timestamp>2009-02-20T19:13:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marc pasquin</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>removed France tag</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">The Corps of Foreign Volunteers of the [[Papal States|Patrimony of Saint Peter]] (also known as the Pontifical Zouaves) is an all volunteer paramilitary organisation dedicated to defending the Holy Father, The Holy See and Catholics in general.

The Corps is an international organisation with regiments in more then a dozen countries.

==See also==

Official site of the Corps [http://marcpasquin.iquebec.com/zv-index.html]

[[Category:Military]]
[[Category:Religion]]
[[Category:Catholicism]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bavaria</title>
    <id>1024</id>
    <revision>
      <id>63638</id>
      <timestamp>2010-01-02T16:06:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Geoff</username>
        <id>193</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>category</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=Sowjetrepublik Bayern&lt;br&gt;Soviet Republic of Bavaria}}
{{shortname infobox|vernacular=Bayern|english=Bavaria}}
{{image infobox|file=Bavaria flag.gif|caption=Flag of Bavaria}}
{{image infobox|file=By-red.gif|caption=Die Rote Fahne. The state flag is always flown together with the red banner of the international communist movement.}}
&lt;!-- {{motto infobox|motto=THE MOTTO!}} --&gt;
{{area infobox|area=32,208 square miles}}
{{cities infobox|capital=München (Munich)|largest=München|other=Nürnberg, Augsburg, Würzburg, Regensburg, Ingolstadt}}
{{currency infobox|currency=1 Convention Thaler = 20 Kreuzer = 240 Pfennige}}
&lt;!--{{establishment infobox|year=YEAR|reason=DECREE OR REASON}}--&gt;
{{lang2 infobox|official=Bavarian (Bayrisch)|others=German, Bohemian}}
{{population infobox|population=10,950,000 (2003)|adjective=}}
&lt;!--{{ruler infobox|title=RULER|name=NAME}}--&gt;
{{organization infobox|organization=[[Holy Roman Empire]]}}
{{close infobox}}

'''Bavaria''' (''Bayern'') is believed to have existed as a tribal duchy since the 6th century, though by the 8th century it had been subjected by Charles the Great and added to the [[Holy Roman Empire]], though varying levels of independence were granted, gained, and lost over the centuries.

The four centuries following Charlemagne’s conquest were tumultuous years as dukes of whichever house sought to free the Bavarian Duchy and establish its sovereignty. 

At this time, Bavaria was much larger, extending into the [[Bohemia]] and into [[Austria]], but through wars over the course of the next millennia would be whittled down to its modern size.

Up until the revolution, Bayern was a largely catholic state, but is now officially atheistic.  Bavaria has very poor exports at this time, though in the past they were a large exporter of lager beer, wine and other agricultural products.  

Bavaria didn't last overly long as a really communist state, albeit a little longer than *here*. The Powers That Were At The Time realised that they'd have to change certain things if they want to stay in power, so they basically modified the system to such a degree that it cannot be called communist anymore. Perhaps socialistic (welfare state, like), but not communist, and nowadays it is really only the name and the flag that really tie it to communism in any real way. The name Bavarian Soviet Republic stuck. Bavaria still holds the Kaiser as their leader, calling him ‘Comrade Weiblingen, Captain-General of the Red Army of Bavaria.
&lt;gallery&gt;

File:By-arms.gif|State arms (Staatswappen)
File:By-pres.gif|Standarte des Vorsitzenden des Staatssowjets der SRB (Standard of the Chairman of the State Council of the Bavarian Soviet Republic
File:By-eszk.gif|Flagge des ersten Sekretärs des ZK der KPB und Vorsitzenden des Nationalen Verteidingungssowjets der SRB (Flag of the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Bavaria and Chairman of the Defence Council of the BSR
File:By-ppo-kpb.gif|Flag of the Communist Party of Bavaria since 1971
File:By-ppo-kpb-old.gif|Former flag of the CPB until 1971
File:By-ppo-dfb.gif|Flag of the Democratic Women's Union of Bavaria (Demokratische Frauenbund Bayerns)
File:By-ppo-fbj.png|Flag of the Free Bavarian Youth (Freie Bayrische Jugend)
File:By-mo-jp.gif|Flag of the Young Pioneers (aka Thälmann Pioneers; Junge Pioniere/Thälmann-Pioniere), the wing of the FBJ for children under 16
File:By-ppo-fbgb.gif|Flag of the Free Bavarian Trade Union (Freie Bayrische Gewerkschaftsbund). All specialised trade unions in the SRB belong to the FBGB.
File:By-ppo-kb.gif|Flag of the Cultural Union of the BSR (Kulturbund der SRB)
File:by-army.gif|Standarte der Roter Armee der BSR (RA) (Standard of the Red Army of the BSR)
File:by-af-rdl.gif|Hoheitszeichen der Luftstreitkräfte und Luftverteidigung der RA der BSR (LSK-LV/RA) (Insignia of the Air Forces and Air Defence Force of the Red Army of the BSR)
File:By-army-ff-kb.gif|Dienstflagge der Kriegsboote der Flussflotille der RA (Service flag of warships of the Riverine Fleet of the Red Army)
File:By-army-ff-rb.gif|Dienstflagge der Rettungsboote der FF/RA (Service flag of rescue ships of the RF/RA)
File:By-army-ff-commpenn.gif|Wimpel eines Kommandanten der FF/RA (Pennant of a Commander of the RF/RA)
File:By-army-gt.gif|Standarte der Grenztruppen der RA (Standard of the Border Troops of the RA)
File:By-vopo.gif|Standarte der Bayrischen Volkspolizei (Standard of the Bavarian People's Police)
File:By-zv.gif|Standarte der Zivilverteidigung (Standard of the Civil Defence)
File:By-bepo.gif|Standarte der Bereitschaftspolizei (Standard of the Rapid-Response Police (&quot;riot police&quot;)
File:By-tpt-blr.gif|House flag of VE (=volkseigene) Bayrische Luftreederei (&quot;people's-owned Bavarian Air Lines&quot;)
File:By-veb-bsb.gif|Flag of the Bayrische Staatseisenbahn (BStsEB - Bavarian State Railways)
File:By-veb-nsu.png|Flag of VEB Autowerke NSU (NSU Auto Works)
File:By-mo-bdf.gif|Flag of the Gesellschaft für Bayrisch-Danubische Freundschaft (Society for Bavarian-Danubian Friendship). This society was disbanded in 1991 after the collapse of the [[CSDS]]
File:By-sport-dynamo1860.png|Flag of the Dynamo 1860 München sports club.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

{{HRE}}

[[Category:Member states of the HRE]]
[[Category:Bavaria]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Louisiannan Military</title>
    <id>1025</id>
    <revision>
      <id>20287</id>
      <timestamp>2005-11-22T12:19:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">The Louisiannan Military is one of the few militaries of the world without a specific creation date.  As with [[Louisianne]] the military came into existence more as a gradual outgrowth of the militias of the communities that make up the nation.  The Military has grown over the years, becoming an Army, Air Force and minor Navy.  The Navy serves mostly as a Coast Guard and a patrol of the nation’s waterways.  The Navy has seen significant action with the peacekeeping operation of [[Saint-Domingo]].  

The Air Force and Army have been much more used as they are they primary defence of Louisianne.   Because those who pursue careers in the military are compensated for their time, the military of Louisianne can be classified as a mercenary military.  There remains, however, mandatory conscription of 2 years for every male.

All males from 25-40 are required to serve for 2 years in any of the three branches, with a continued two week obligation throughout the age of 55.  This continued activity is what constitutes the Home Guard or ‘‘Défense Frontalière’’.  Each month all “Réservistes” are required to meet with their local battalions to continue their training.

The Louisiannan Military has recently been beset by dramatic spending.  Government officials have stated that this spending is not a military buildup, but rather, a modernization.  Despite this statement world financial markets have shown the concern over this and the re-valuing of the Louisiannan [[Currency|currency]] from the ‘‘louisian’’ to the ‘‘écu’’.

Among the purchases have been the latest in proven air technology, the Spretu fighter from [[Dalmatia]] and Japanese &quot;X-Type&quot; Tanks.

== Examples of Louisiannan Military Garb ==

The following are examples from the critically acclaimed ‘‘Pasquin’s Military Uniforms and Insignia’’ (Oxford Press, 2005).

&lt;gallery&gt;
Image:La-guard-uniform.png|Uniform of the Republican Guard
Image:La-infantry-uniform.png|Uniform of the Infantry
Image:La-inf-ranks-off.PNG|Infantry Officer`s Rank Insignias
Image:La-inf-ranks-sous-off.png|Infantry Sub-Officer`s Rank Insignias
&lt;/gallery&gt;

[[Category:Louisianne]]
[[Category:Military]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>LaGG</title>
    <id>1026</id>
    <revision>
      <id>56124</id>
      <timestamp>2009-01-02T04:27:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Geoff</username>
        <id>193</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>link</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">LaGG - [[Russia|Russian]] military aircraft design bureau, named after its founders S. A. Lavochkin, V. P. Gorbunov and M.I. Gudkov.

The LaGG group have been one of the most successful and best established of the several [[Russia|Russian]] aviation design bureaux, but have recently been in the shadow of the younger [[Yankov]] bureau due to that group's successful [[Yan-22 Orel]] jet fighter having no direct competitor from LaGG.  LaGG's own initial jet design was lost in the upheavals following the fall of the [[SNOR]] regime, but they have recently made steps to return to their former heights with the new LaGG-197 jet prototype.

==LaGG-197==
[[Image:LaGG-197.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Prototype of the LaGG-197]]

The LaGG-197 is a twin-engined jet fighter with the unusual configuration of having the engines in tandem, but slightly offset for the sake of unobstructed air intakes.  It is a two-seater fighter, and much heavier than most other fighter aeroplanes of similar performance, but the thrust able to be generated by the two massive engines more than offsets the additional mass; the LaGG-197 may well become the fastest aeroplane in the world when it enters service.

The aeroplane incorporates several advanced design features not seen on most other [[List of Jet Fighters|jet fighters currently in service]].  It has swept-back wings, as does the [[Oltenia|Oltenian]] [[Oltenian Air Corps#Airships|V-15 Firebolt]] – a feature allowing greater speeds.  A straight wing gives greater manoeuverability at low speeds, but a swept wing is more stable at high speeds at which a straight wing would begin to shear from the aircraft's body.

The other major advance, aside from the new, powerful Klimov engines, is the reconfigured nose section.  Wind tunnel tests have consistently shown that above a certain speed, air was inclined to flow around the jet intake rather than into it, causing highly dangerous high-speed engine stalls.  The cone-shaped fairing inside the intake directs the air flow into the jet turbine even at high speeds.  The LaGG-197 shares this feature with the [[Turkestan Military|Turkestani]] [[UKU#ZT-11 Davul|T-11 Davul]], and as there was no collaboration, it appears that the same solution was discovered independently.

The [[Russia|Russian]] military plan to introduce the new fighter in 2010, assuming flight tests go as expected.

[[Image:LaGG-197_3v.png|thumb|200px|left|3-view drawing of LaGG-197]]

===Specifications (as designed)===
:Engine: 2x 6870 lb thrust Klimov VS-1A turbo-jets
:Wing-span: 56'10&quot;
:Length: 42'6&quot;
:Height: 17'4&quot;
:Weight: Empty 19382 lb / Loaded 25432 lb
:Maximum Speed: 642 mph
:Ceiling: 46330'
:Range: 599 miles
:Crew: 2
:Armament: 3x 37mm espingol cannon, 2x underwing hardpoints

[[Category:Russia]]
[[Category:Military]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>IJN Ships</title>
    <id>1027</id>
    <revision>
      <id>60777</id>
      <timestamp>2009-07-25T15:22:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Geoff</username>
        <id>193</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>spellings</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Ships in the Imperial [[Japan|Japanese]] [[Japanese Military|Navy]] are named according to specific conventions, first laid out in Meidji 28 (1895), and subsequently modified.  The current conventions are:

&lt;b&gt;Aircraft carriers&lt;/b&gt;: Names for Japan or Corea or names of mountains&lt;br&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Amphibious Assault Ships&lt;/b&gt;: Names of semi-aquatic animals, real or mythical&lt;br&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Battleships&lt;/b&gt;: Names for Japan or historic provinces of Japan or Corea&lt;br&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Cruisers&lt;/b&gt;: Rivers or Xinto shrines&lt;br&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Destroyers&lt;/b&gt;: Meteorological phenomena&lt;br&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Escorts&lt;/b&gt;: Names of Islands&lt;br&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Frigates&lt;/b&gt;: Names of bodies of water&lt;br&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Hospital Ships&lt;/b&gt;: Names relating to medicine (specific medicines, care, comfort, etc.)&lt;br&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Minesweepers&lt;/b&gt;: Names of rodents&lt;br&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Submarines&lt;/b&gt;: Names of fish and other aquatic animals&lt;br&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Submarine Carriers&lt;/b&gt;: Names of whales&lt;br&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Supercarriers&lt;/b&gt;: Names of mythical animals and birds (note: this class was only recently split off from the &lt;b&gt;Carrier&lt;/b&gt; class, and therefore, many supercarriers are named as if carriers)&lt;br&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Torpedo Boats&lt;/b&gt;: Names of birds

Some known ships and classes (with language of origin):
*Curage (海月 クラゲ), a submarine class; Japanese, &quot;Jellyfish&quot;
**HIJMS Curage (海月 クラゲ)
**HIJMS Caiba (海馬 カイバ); Japanese, &quot;Seahorse&quot;
**HIJMS Caori (가오리); Corean, &quot;Stingray&quot;
*Unknown class of aircraft carriers
**HIJMS Còya; an old province of Japan

With the creation of the [[ISA|Imperial Space Agency]], new conventions have had to be created.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Launch vehicles&lt;/b&gt;: Flying creatures, both real and mythical (note: the &lt;i&gt;Cumo Maru&lt;/i&gt; was named before the convention was set in place)&lt;br&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Missions&lt;/b&gt;: &quot;Appropriate names&quot;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Orbiters&lt;/b&gt;: No convention has been agreed upon&lt;br&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Rockets&lt;/b&gt;: Thunder gods and creatures&lt;br&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Space stations&lt;/b&gt;: Islands&lt;br&gt;


[[Category:Japan]]
[[Category:Military]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Balkan Defense Agreement</title>
    <id>1028</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31950</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-01T04:44:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">The '''Balkan Defense Agreement''' is composed of the following countries: [[Albania]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Dalmatia]], [[Hungary]], [[Moldova]], [[Muntenia]] and [[Oltenia]].

From http://chlewey.org/ib/tno/bda.html: 

Skopye, Bulgaria (APD) - The heads of state of eight Balkan nations have signed the final documents relating to the formal establishment of a Pan-Balkan mutual defence organisation, known as the Balkan Defence Agreement. On hand to sign the documents was Dalmatian Prime Minister, Aurial Ybl, along with Bulgarian President Yordan Hristov, Hungarian President Istvan Eszterhazy and Albanian Prime Minister Igli Tare. The three member states of the [[Romanian Federation]] each signed the treaty separately, as their Basic Law of Confederation requires for international agreements in the name of the Confederation. Signing were Muntenian Chancellor Gheorghe Raducioiu, Oltenian Chancellor Tibor Ionescu and Moldovan Regent Field Marshal Serghei Jucov.

As part of the agreement, a so-called International Regiment will be established as a rapid-reaction force intended to go wherever may be required, at very short notice. The foundations for the International Regiment are already solidly in place, since the establishment of the Tripartite Battalion comprised of Dalmatian, Muntenian and Hungarian troops as part of the precursor to the BDA ratified by those three states in May 2001. The Tripartite Battalion saw combat in the recently concluded Dalmato-[[Sanjak|Sanjaki]] war.

[[Category:Supranational Organizations]]
[[Category:Military]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>France</title>
    <id>1029</id>
    <revision>
      <id>62821</id>
      <timestamp>2009-10-11T19:03:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dalmatinac</username>
        <id>45</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;'''La Nouvelle République Française'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''The New French Republic'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''France'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|[[Image:Fr-national2.png|center|120px]] || [[Image:Fr-new-COA.png|center|120px]]
|-
|colspan=2 align=center | &lt;small&gt;National motto: ''Liberté, Dualité, Fraternité.''
|-
|'''Languages''' ||
|-
| Official  || [[Francien]], [[Narbonosc]]
|-
| Other || [[Brehonecq]], Euskaran, [[Arvorec]], [[Jovian]]
|-
|'''Capital''' || Paris
|-
|'''Important Cities''' || Toulouse, Lyons, Marseille
|-
|'''President''' || Nicolas Sarkozy
|-
|'''Prime Minister''' || François Fillon
|-
|'''Area''' || ...
|-
|'''Population''' || 97,292,140 (2007 estimate)
|-
|'''[[Currency]]''' || 1 Livre = 20 sous = 240 deniers (Francie)&lt;br&gt;1 Livre = 20 soles = 240 denares (Gaulhe)
|-
|'''[[Supranational Organizations|Organizations]]''' || Union des Pays Francophones
|}

The '''New French Republic''' or '''France''' (French: Nouvelle République Française or France) is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories. 

France is a Federal Government, popularly referred to as the New Republic. While there are two major linguistic-ethnic groups, both feel they are equally French and part of the same country, although the Gaulhòscs of southern France and the Franciens of northern France feel they are strongly Gaulhòsc and Francien first, and French secondly, and this  feeling usually surfacing only on matters of national pride. It should be noted that not all northern French consider themselves &quot;Franciens&quot;, as this term applies specifically to the Ile de France region around Paris: the Walloons and Bretagnes in particular disavow the term &quot;Francien&quot; entirely, while the Normands are less fickle about the term.

France is a democracy organised as vertically centralised semi-presidential republic. It is a developed nation whose modern economy is the fifth-largest in the world in 2003. Its main values are expressed in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.

== Administration ==
=== Government ===
Under the constitution, the president is elected directly for a 5-year (originally 7-year) term. Presidential arbitration assures regular functioning of the public powers and the continuity of the state. The president names the prime minister, commands the armed forces, and concludes treaties. 

Secretaries of State (secrétaires d'état) and Ministers (ministres) form the council of state (conseil d'état) which is chaired by the prime minister (premier ministre). The Ministers head the major departments (navy, foreign affairs, etc...) and the Secretaries of State head the smaller departments (sports, old age, etc...). While there can be any number of secretaries of state, ministers are limited to 15, 7 of which must come from each of the major communities. 

The National Assembly (Assemblée Nationale) is the principal legislative body. Its deputies are directly elected to 5-year terms, and all seats are voted on in each election. Ministers have no seats (i.e., they must renounce any seat held). The Assembly has the power to dismiss the council of state (through a [[Vote of No-Confidence|motion of non-confidence]]), and thus the majority in the Assembly determines the choices of government.  Since politcal parties tend to be more popular in one community or another, the governments have always been coalitions and the weight of the various parties tends to be reflected in the composition of the council of state.

Senators are chosen by an electoral college for 6-year terms, and one half of the Senate is renewed every 3 years. A measure adopted at the time of the creation of the communities stipulates that a certain number of senators (based on population) must come from gaulhosc departments. The Senate's legislative powers are limited; the National Assembly has the last word in the event of a disagreement between the two houses, excepting constitutional laws (amendments to the constitution &amp; ''lois organiques''). The government has a strong influence in shaping the agenda of Parliament. 

French politics for the past 30 years have been characterised by the opposition of two political groups: one left-wing, centred around the French Socialist Party, and one right-wing, centred around the RPR, then its successor the UMP. The ''Front National'', a far-right Ultrarepublican party advocating tougher law-and-order and immigration policies, has made inroads since the early 1980s and seems to remain stable at around 16% of the votes and then, only in Francie. The Front's political enemy in Gaulh is the far-right separatist Bloque Gaulhòsc.

====Political Parties====

As most parliamentary countries, France has a large number of political parties, covering the wide range of the political spectrum.  In recent decades there has been a growing trend for parties to group together in coalitions for elections, extending the coalition-forming tendency from the halls of government to the election path.

''For further information, see [[Political Parties of France]].''

====Elections====

The [[Elections of 2007 (France)|Elections of 2007]] drew significant attention both nationally and internationally, as [[Ségolène Royal]], [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] and a possible bid for a third-term by incumbent [[Jacques Chirac]], which has hence been refuted by Chirac.  Politicking was hot and furious in France as nearly 20 candidates vied for two slots in the secondary voting.

=== Subnational Entities ===
France is divided into Communities, Departments, prefectures/sub-prefectures and cantons. 

====Communites====

Communites (fr:''communautés'') are grouping of departments based either on ethnicity (Francie, Gaulh) or geography (Oversea departments). Apart from the overseas one, the communities have an elected representative body headed by the Minister-in-chief (Ministre en chef). Although devoid of a single representative assembly, oversea departments vote for their own prefect (see below). It should be noted that the communities are a recent development dating only from the 1950s, and although answering to a demand from Gaulosc for decentralisation, it has caused much friction with the federalists of Francie. 

[[Image:Fra-communautes.jpg|thumb|150 px|Borders of France's Communities.]]
''List of Communities:''
*Francie: Is composed of the departements in the north-western part of metropolitan France. 
*Gaulh: Is composed of the departements in the south-eastern part of Metropolitan France.
** [[Algeria]] maintains a large degree of autonomy, but is nominally subject to Gaulh.
*Overseas (Outremer): Is composed of all the departements outside of Metropolitan France.


For a complete explanation about the true status of Bretagne (Brehun), see [[Brehun]].

====Provinces====


''Les Provinces'', while &quot;eradicated&quot; by the revolution were re-instated under [[Napoleon]], and act as a middle level division to the national ''communautés''.  The borders were somewhat adjusted following the creation of the départements, however, they are largely unchanged from their historical state.  These are touristic divisions, mostly, recognized by the state, but having no political or legal ramifications except for Bretagne.

[[Image:Fra-provinces.jpg|thumb|150 px|Borders of France's Provinces.]]
''List of Provinces''

●  1. Nord-Pas de Calais ● 2. Waloonie ● 3. Picardie ● 4. Champagne ● 5. Lorraine ● 6. Franche-Comté ● 7. Bourgogne ● 8. Berry-Nivernais ● 9. Orléanais ● 10. Île-de-France ● 11. Normandie ● 12. Bretagne ● 13. Maine-Anjou ● 14. Poitou-Garonne ● 15. Marche-Limousin ● 16. Auvergne ● 17. Lyonnais ● 18. Dauphiné-Savoie ● 19. Provence ● 20. Languedoc ● 21. Rousillion-Foix ● 22. Aquitaine ● 23. Navarre  ●

====Departments====

Departments are administrative division headed by a prefect (préfet). This person is an elected civil servant (except in oversea departments where is is elected directly by residents) and is seconded (where aplicable) by a varying number of sub-prefects (sous-préfets), each heading his own sub-prefecture (sous-préfecture).  Most citizens of France know each department by its assigned [[France Department Numbers|number]].

[[Image:Fra-depts.jpg|thumb|150 px|Borders of France's Departments.]]
&lt;i&gt;List of Departments (pending review): &lt;/i&gt;

'''Francian Departments'''

● Aisne ● Ardennes ● Aube ● Brôu Vannès ● Calvados ● Charente ● Charente-Maritime ● Cher ● Côte-d'Or ● Cornouaille ● Deux-Sèvres ● Domnonie ● Doubs ● Essonne ● Eure ● Eure-et-Loir ● Hainaut: Divided into the Mons prefecture and 6 sub-prefectures ● Haute-Marne ● Haute-Saône ● Hauts-de-Seine ● Ille-et-Vilaine ● Indre ● Indre-et-Loire ● Jura ● Liege: Divided into the Liege prefecture and 3 sub-prefectures ● Loire-Atlantique ● Loiret ● Loir-et-Cher ● Léon ● Maine-et-Loire ● Manche ● Marne ● Mayenne ● Meurthe-et-Moselle ● Moselle ● Namur: Divided into the Namur prefecture and 2 sub-prefectures ● Nièvre ● Nord ● Oise ● Orne ● Paris ● Pas-de-Calais  ● Saône-et-Loire ● Sarthe ● Seine-et-Marne ● Seine-Maritime ● Seine-Saint-Denis ● Somme ● Territoire-de-Belfort ● Val-de-Marne ● Val-d'Oise ● Vendée ● Vienne ● Vosges ● Walloon Brabant: composed only of the Wavre prefecture ● Yonne ● Yvelines ●

'''Gaulhòsc Departments'''

● Ain ● Álava ● Allier ● Alpes-de-Haute-Provence ● Alpes-Maritimes ● Ante-Pyrenee ● Ardèche ● Ariège ● Aude ● Aveyron ● Bouches-du-Rhône ● Cantabria ● Cantal ● Corrèye ● Corse-du-Sud ● Creuse ● Dordogne ● Drôme ● Gard ● Gers ● Gironde ● Guipúzcoa ● Haute-Corse ● Haute-Garonne ● Haute-Loire ● Hautes-Alpes ● Haute-Savoie ● Hautes-Pyrénées ● Haute-Vienne ● Hérault ● Isère ● Landes ● Loire ● Lot ● Lot-et-Garonne ● Lozère ● Puy-de-Dôme ● Pyrénées-Atlantiques ● Pyrénées-Orientales ● Rhône ● Savoie ● Tarn ● Tarn-et-Garonne ● Var ● Vaucluse ● Vizcaya ●

'''Algerien Departments'''

These departments are counted in the total number of Gaul, but are administered autonomously within Algeria.

'''Overseas departments'''

● Austro-Antartica ● [[Guyane|French Guyana]] ● French Polynesia ● [[Guadeloupe]] ● [[Martinique]] ● Mayotte ● New-Caledonia ● Réunion ● [[Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon]] ● Wallis-et-Futuna ●

'''Condominiums'''

● [[Jervaine|Meuse]] ●

=====Prefectures/Sub-Prefectures=====
Departments are further divided in one prefecture (the largest city and where the prefet reside) and some sub-prefectures (headed by sub-prefects) the number of which depend on the size of the department.  

=====Canton=====
The smallest subnational entity, the canton represent a small region joined for stricly administrative purpose. There is no central body governing the canton but rather a number of organisation providing joint services (fire brigade, revenue, etc...).

== History ==
''See main page'': [[History of France]] 

== Geography ==
France's geography varies between the high mountains of the Alps to the East and the volcanic Massif Central, to the rolling hills of the Côte d'Or, and the alluvial flood plains of the Garonne, the Seine and the Loire. 

Among the most beautiful countryside is the Ardêche, near Avignon. Tourists flock to this region of Gaulhe in droves. 

=== Borders ===
*North: the British Sea, [[Batavian Kingdom]]. 
*West: the Atlantic Ocean. 
*South: [[Castile and Leon]], [[Aragon]], [[Andorra]], [[Monaco]], the Mediterranean. 
*East: the [[Holy Roman Empire]], [[Jervaine]], [[Helvetia]], [[Grand Fenwick]], the [[Italy|Italian states]].
*France entirely surrounds [[Saugeais]].

== Economy ==
France’s industry is largely sufficient for its own needs, with the car manufacturers of Peugeot, Renault and Citroën providing motor vehicles to the country, Michelin providing the tires. France maintains the SNCF, or Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer, a national rail system, and many other industrial ends. France’s main exports are luxury items, such as wines, cheeses and chocolate.

Despite the availability of [[Tesla Generators]] France has staunchly remained a champion of civil nuclear power. [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/conculture/message/8740]

France is also well known for its airplane manufacturer ''[[Avions Dassault-Breguet]]'', makers of jet airplanes and zeppelin turbines.

== Culture ==
Under the Republic, France offers education for free to all from the age of 2, mandatory from 6 to 16. This continues in the fine tradition started by the founding of the University of Paris in 1150. 

While there is a a federal government, and both Gaulhóscs and Franciens feel they are French and part of the same country, one must be aware that Gaulhóscs are strongly Gaulhósc and Franciens strongly Francien first, and being French is a secondary concern (usually only when the national football team is playing). The minority groups of Bretons and Walloons are much the same although due to their small number, have so far failed to gained political representation or cultural protection. 

== Languages ==
The French are proud of their nation's languages, sponsoring them through administrative autonomy by linguistic division. Notable divisions of the country are, of course, [[Francien]] and [[Narbonosc]] but recent initiative has helped the promotion of Euskara and [[Brehonecq]] as well. Euskara is the largest of the minority languages, a notable third after Francien and Gaulhósc. Brehonecq comes in fourth place.

== Religion ==
Religion has been a tricky topic in France since the 1500's when the Heugenots and Catholics fought one another.  As almost a part of communal pride, Gaulhe is very staunchly diverse, religiously, and Francie is devout [[Catholicism|Roman Rite Catholic]].  There are several Guisian strongholds where Catholicism is strong around Toulouse and Avignon, however, the Church &quot;membership&quot; across Gaulhe is nearly equally divided between the Catholics and the Protestants.

==Secession Movements==

France, like many nations has to fight against internal &quot;balkanization.&quot;  Current active movements include:

'''Violent Movements:'''
* ''[[Front de Libération de la Bretagne]]''
* ''[[Fronte di Liberazione Naziunale di a Corsica]]''
* ''[[Lou parti di Biou]]''

'''Political Movements:'''
*''[[Ligue Bourgignon]]''
*''Parti pour l'Organisation d'une Bretagne Libre''

&lt;!-- ==See also==
LINK(S) TO EVENTUAL WEBSITE(S) --&gt;

[[Flags of France]]


{{FranceAdmin}}


[DH, CG &amp; MP]
[[Category:Nations in Europe]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>PFLS</title>
    <id>1031</id>
    <revision>
      <id>23300</id>
      <timestamp>2005-12-13T02:54:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">&lt;center&gt;[[Image:Pflslogo.gif]]&lt;/center&gt;

&lt;b&gt;Póply Front pru Liberacune Slvanje&lt;/b&gt; (PFLS): [[Slevania|Slevan]] [[Communism|communist]] party, most notable for its activities as a resistance movement against the [[FNLS]] régime after [[Second Great War|Great War II]].  The two parties, which differ mostly in their rhetorical flavor, have continued their bombardment tactics against each other after democratization.

BPJ 13/6 -04

[[Category:Slevania]]
[[Category:Political Parties]]
[[Category:History]]
[[Category:Anti-Government Groups]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Slvanjek Placenames</title>
    <id>1032</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30017</id>
      <timestamp>2006-02-10T22:31:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BenctPhilip</username>
        <id>13</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>Slvanjec Placenames moved to Slvanjek Placenames</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">The Long List of Slovak town names

I found a long list of Slovak town names with German and Hungarian equivalents on the net:

http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/List%20of%20towns%20in%20Slovakia

I added such authentic Latin names as I could find -- marked
with an asterisk (*) -- with Slvanjec versions.  Such Latin
names that I suspect are simply Latinizations of Slavic or
Hungarian names are marked with a query (?).  Other Latin names
are simply translations that I used to generate the Slvanjec forms.

In some cases I ventured translations based on the German
names -- sometimes jocular, sometimes not.

Please don't make any changes directly in this list, but
if you have any suggestions notify me (BPJ) on the conculture
list or mail me privately.

BPJ 4 july 2004

Such towns as already have a translation are marked with a
plus (+) in the margin.

* B&amp;#225;novce nad Bebravou; Banowitz ; B&amp;#225;n 21.144
:
* Bansk&amp;#225; Bystrica ; Neusohl ; Beszterceb&amp;#225;nya 84.465
:+ ; Neosolium?*; Novz&amp;#243;lj*
* Bansk&amp;#225; s^tiavnica ; Schemnitz ; Selmecb&amp;#225;nya 10.648
:
* Bardejov; Bartfeld ; B&amp;#225;rtf&amp;#225; 33.530
:+	Campus Barbatus; K&amp;#225;mp Barb&amp;#225;t
* Bojnice ; Weinitz; Bajm&amp;#243;c&lt;nowiki&gt;/&lt;/nowiki&gt;Bajm?&amp;#243;cz 5.056
:+	Civitas Vinearum; Czevtate V&amp;#237;nj&amp;#225;r
* Bratislava *; Pre&amp;#223;burg&lt;nowiki&gt;/&lt;/nowiki&gt;Pressburg? ; Pozsony 449.547(* totally renamed 1919)
:+	Posonium*; Poz&amp;#243;nj*
* Brezno; Bries an der Gran ; Brezn&amp;#243;b&amp;#225;nya 22.912
:
* Brezov&amp;#225; pod Bradlom; Birkenhain; Berez&amp;#243; 5.726
:+	Betulatum; Bj&amp;#233;tl&amp;#225;t
* Bytca; Gro&amp;#223;bitsch ; Nagybicscse 12.150
:
* Cadca; Tschadsa (is rare) ; Cs&amp;#225;ca 26.649
:
* Cierna nad Tisou; -; Tiszacsern&amp;#246; 5.126
:
* Detva; -; Dettva&lt;nowiki&gt;/&lt;/nowiki&gt;Gyetva? 15.365
:
* Dobs^in&amp;#225;; Dobschau ; Dobsina 4.855
:
* Doln&amp;#253; Kub&amp;#237;n; Unterkubin ; Als&amp;#243;kubin 20.004
:
* Dubnica nad V&amp;#225;hom; Dubnitz an der Waag; V&amp;#225;gt&amp;#246;lgyes 26.318
:
* Dudince; -;Gy&amp;#252;gy 1.555
:
* Dunajsk&amp;#225; Streda; Niedermarkt (is very rare) ; Dunaszerdahely 24.078
:+	 Inferum Forum; Javerv&amp;#243;r
* Fil'akovo; -; F&amp;#252;lek 10.233
:
* Galanta; - ; Gal&amp;#225;nta 16.778
:+	Galans; Hal&amp;#250;te
* Gbely;Egbell; ? 5.226
:
* Gelnica; G&amp;#246;llnitz ; G&amp;#246;lnicb&amp;#225;nya 6.411
:
* Giraltovce; -; Gir&amp;#225;lt 4.354
:
* Handlov&amp;#225;; Krickerhau &lt;nowiki&gt;/&lt;/nowiki&gt; Krickerh&amp;#228;u &lt;nowiki&gt;/&lt;/nowiki&gt; Kreckerhaj; Nyitrab&amp;#225;nya 18.199
:
* Hanus^ovce nad Topl'ou; -; Tapolyhanusfalva3.557
:
* Hlohovec; Freistadt(l)&lt;nowiki&gt;/&lt;/nowiki&gt;Freistadl? ; Galg&amp;#243;c 24.125
:+	Civitas Libera; Czevtate L&amp;#237;bra
* Hn&amp;#250;s^t'a; -; Nyustya 7.506
:
* Hol&amp;#237;c; Wei&amp;#223;kirchen &lt;nowiki&gt;/&lt;/nowiki&gt; Holitsch; Holics 11.627
:+	Ecclesia Alba; Jekljezse Labe
* Hrinov&amp;#225;; -; Herencsv&amp;#246;lgy 8.528
:
* Humenn&amp;#233; ; Homenau ; Homonna 36.733
:
* Hurbanovo*; -; &amp;#211;gyalla&lt;nowiki&gt;/&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#211; Gyalla 8.013 (*totally renamed in 1948)
:
* Ilava; Illau (is very rare); Illava 5.440
:
* Jels^ava; Eltsch; Jolsva 3.030
:
* Kez^marok; Kesmark &lt;nowiki&gt;/&lt;/nowiki&gt; K&amp;#228;smark ; K&amp;#233;sm&amp;#225;rk 17.285
:+	Ager Formaticorum; &amp;#193;her Vrom&amp;#225;c&amp;#250;r
* Kol&amp;#225;rovo*; - ; G&amp;#250;ta 11.013 (*totally renamed in 1948)
:
* Kom&amp;#225;rno ; Komorn; Kom&amp;#225;rom 37.730
:+	Comaromium?; Komar&amp;#250;lj
* Kos^ice ; Kaschau ; Kassa 241.941
:+	Cassovia?; Kasovlja
* Kr&amp;#225;l'ovsk&amp;#253; Chlmec; -; Kir&amp;#225;lyhelmecz 8.274
:
* Kremnica; Kremnitz ; K&amp;#246;rm&amp;#246;cb&amp;#225;nya 5.852
:
* Krompachy; Krompach ; Korompa 8.581
:
* Krupina; Karpfen ; Korpona 8.040
:
* Kysuck&amp;#233; Nov&amp;#233; Mesto; Kusitz-Neustadtl; Kisuca&amp;#250;jhely 16.226
:+	Civitas Nova; Czevtjecla Nova
* Leopoldov;Leopoldstadt ; Lip&amp;#243;tv&amp;#225;r 4.015
:+	Czevtate Ljupoldy
* Levice; Lewenz ;L&amp;#233;va 37.025
:
* Levoca ; Leutschau ; L&amp;#246;cse 13.900
:
* Lipany; Siebenlinden ; H&amp;#233;th&amp;#225;rs 6.013
:+	Septem Tilia; Sete Tilja
* Liptovsk&amp;#253; Hr&amp;#225;dok; -; Lipt&amp;#243;&amp;#250;jav&amp;#225;r 8.556
:
* Liptovsk&amp;#253; Mikul&amp;#225;s^; Liptau - St.- Nikolaus ; Lipt&amp;#243;szentmikl&amp;#243;s 33.819
:+	Civitas Sancti Nicolai; Czevtate S&amp;#250;cy Mikolasy
* Lucenec; Lizenz ; Losonc 28.907
:
* Malacky; Malatzka ; Malacka &lt;nowiki&gt;/&lt;/nowiki&gt; Maluchka 18.219
:
* Martin; (Turz-) St.-Martin ; Tur&amp;#243;cszentm&amp;#225;rton 61.025
:+	Civitas Sancti Martini; Czevtate S&amp;#250;cy Martiny
* Medzev; Metzenseifen ; Meczenz&amp;#233;f 4.092
:
* Medzilaborce; -; Mez&amp;#246;laborc 6.759
:
* Michalovce; Gro&amp;#223;michel ; Nagymih&amp;#225;ly 41.313
:+	Grandis Michael; Hr&amp;#250;de Mich&amp;#225;lj
* Modra; Modern ; Modor 8.521
:
* Modr&amp;#253; Kamen; Blauenstein; K&amp;#233;kk&amp;#246; 1.406
:+	Saxum Caeruleum; S&amp;#225;ch Cerolj
* Moldava nad Bodvou; Moldau (an der Bodva&lt;nowiki&gt;/&lt;/nowiki&gt;Bodwa?) ; Szepsi 9.495
:
* Myjava; Miawa (is rare); Miava 13.240
:
* N&amp;#225;mestovo; -; N&amp;#225;meszt&amp;#243; 8.074
:
* Nems^ov&amp;#225;; - ; Nems&amp;#243; 6.109
:
* Nitra ; Neutra ; Nyitra&lt;nowiki&gt;/&lt;/nowiki&gt;Nyitria? 87.548
:
* Nov&amp;#225; Bana; K&amp;#246;nigsberg an der Gran; Ujb&amp;#225;nya 7.516
:+	Mons Regalis; M&amp;#250;trjehale
* Nov&amp;#225; Dubnica; -; &amp;#218;jt&amp;#246;lgyes 12.485
:
* Nov&amp;#225;ky; -; Nov&amp;#225;k 4.348
:
* Nov&amp;#233; Mesto nad V&amp;#225;hom; Neustadt an der Waag &lt;nowiki&gt;/&lt;/nowiki&gt; (rarely) Neustadtl ; V&amp;#225;g&amp;#250;jhely 21.551
:+	Civitas Nova ad Vago; Czevtate Nova dza V&amp;#225;hu
* Nov&amp;#233; Z&amp;#225;mky ; Neuh&amp;#228;usel &lt;nowiki&gt;/&lt;/nowiki&gt; Neuh&amp;#228;usl ; &amp;#201;rsek&amp;#250;jv&amp;#225;r 43.361
:+	Casa Nova; Kazanova
* Partiz&amp;#225;nske*; 25.441 (* newly created from several villages in 1938, till 1949 called Batovany [i.e. Bata  town])
:
* Pezinok; B&amp;#246;sing ; Bazin 21.819
:+	Malignum; Maljenj
* Pies^t'any ; Pistyan &lt;nowiki&gt;/&lt;/nowiki&gt; (rarely:) P&amp;#252;schtin ; P&amp;#246;styen 30.556
:
* Podol&amp;#237;nec; Pudlein; Podolin 3.203
:
* Polt&amp;#225;r; ? 5.969
:
* Poprad ; Deutschendorf ; Popr&amp;#225;d 55.436
:+	Pagus Germanicus; P&amp;#225;h Dzremanjec
* Povaz^sk&amp;#225; Bystrica; Waagbistritz ; V&amp;#225;gbeszterce 43.540
:
* Pres^ov ; Eperies &lt;nowiki&gt;/&lt;/nowiki&gt; Preschau ; Eperjes 93.790
:+	Eperiessinum?, Fragopolis*; Jepereszen, Vrahopole
* Prievidza; Priwitz ; Privigye 54.050
:
* P&amp;#250;chov; Puchau ; Puh&amp;#243; 19.205
:
* Rajec; Rajetz; Rajecz 6.084
:
* Rajeck&amp;#233; Teplice; Bad Rajetz ; Rajecf&amp;#252;rd&amp;#243; 2.648
:
* Rev&amp;#250;ca; Gro&amp;#223;-Rauschenbach (is rare); Nagyr&amp;#246;cze 13.894
:+	Rivus Inebrius Grandis; R&amp;#237;vnjeber Hr&amp;#250;de
* Rimavsk&amp;#225; Sobota; Gro&amp;#223;steffelsdorf ; Rimaszombat 25.457
:
* Roz^nava; Rosenau ; Rozsny&amp;#243; 19.690
:+	Rosae Insula; Roz&amp;#237;zla
* Ruz^omberok ; Rosenberg; R&amp;#243;szahegy 31.046
:+	Saxum Rocaceum; Sachroz&amp;#225;cz
* Sabinov; Zeben ; Kisszeben 11.971
:
* S^ahy; -; Ipolys&amp;#225;g 8.252
:
* S^al'a ; -; V&amp;#225;gsellye &lt;nowiki&gt;/&lt;/nowiki&gt; Sellye 25.121
:
* S^amor&amp;#237;n; Sommerein; Somorja 12.250
:
* Secovce;-; G&amp;#225;lsz&amp;#233;cs 7.568
:
* Senec; Wartberg ; Szenc 14.921
:
* Senica; Senitz ; Szenic 21.301
:
* Sered'; - ; Szered 17.786
:
* Skalica; Skalitz ; Szakolca 15.127
:
* Sl&amp;#225;dkovicovo*; (Klein- + Gro&amp;#223;)Diosek ; (N&amp;#233;met)dioszeg 6.043 (* totally renamed in 1948)
:
* Sliac; -; Szl&amp;#233;cs &lt;nowiki&gt;/&lt;/nowiki&gt; Szli&amp;#225;cs 4.618
:
* Snina; -; Szinna 21.450
:
* Sobrance; - ; Szobr&amp;#225;nc 6.205
:
* Spis^sk&amp;#225; Bel&amp;#225;; Zipser Bela ; Szepesb&amp;#233;la 6.038
:
* Spis^sk&amp;#225; Nov&amp;#225; Ves; (Zipser) Neudorf &lt;nowiki&gt;/&lt;/nowiki&gt; Neuendorf; Igl&amp;#243; 39.019
:
* Spis^sk&amp;#225; Star&amp;#225; Ves; Altendorf; Szepes&amp;#243;falu 2.294
:
* Spis^sk&amp;#233; Podhradie; Kirchdrauf ; Szepesv&amp;#225;ralja 3.731
:
* Spis^sk&amp;#233; Vlachy; Wallendorf; Szepesolaszi 3.471
:+	Pagus Gallicus; P&amp;#225;h&amp;#225;l
* Star&amp;#225; L'ubovna; Altlublau ; &amp;#211;lubl&amp;#243; 15.965
:
* Star&amp;#225; Tur&amp;#225;; -; &amp;#211;tura 10.539
:
* Str&amp;#225;z^ske; -; &amp;#214;rmez&amp;#246; 4.589
:
* Stropkov; - ; Sztropk&amp;#243; 10.628
:
* Stupava; Stampfen; Stomfa&lt;nowiki&gt;/&lt;/nowiki&gt;Stompfa? 7.794
:
* S^t&amp;#250;rovo*; Parkan ; P&amp;#225;rk&amp;#225;ny 13.385 (*totally renamed in 1948)
:
* S^urany Schuran (is rare); Sur&amp;#225;ny 10.595
:
* Svidn&amp;#237;k; - ; Fels&amp;#246;szvidnik 12.898
:
* Svit; -; - 7.519
:
* Sv&amp;#228;t&amp;#253; Jur; St. Georgen ; Szentgy&amp;#246;rgy 4.419
:+	Civitas Sancti Georgii; Czevtate S&amp;#250;cy Zsorzsy
* Tisovec; Thei&amp;#223;holz &lt;nowiki&gt;/&lt;/nowiki&gt; (or rarely) Theisscholz; Tiszolc 4.254
:
* Tlmace; -; Tolm&amp;#225;cs 4.336
:
* Topol'cany; Topoltschan ; Nagytapolcs&amp;#225;ny 29.614
:
* Tornal'a (1948-1990 called S^af&amp;#225;rikovo); -; Tornalya 8.381
:
* TrebiS^ov; Trebischau ; T&amp;#246;keteres 22.417
:
* Trencianske Teplice; Trentschinteplitz ; Trencs&amp;#233;nteplic 4.597
:
* Trenc&amp;#237;n ; Trentschin ; Trencs&amp;#233;n 59.179
:+	Laugaricio*; Luharecz
* Trnava ; Tyrnau ; Nagyszombat 69.844
:
* Trsten&amp;#225;; -; Trsztena 7.241
:
* Turcianske Teplice; Bad Stuben; Stubnyaf&amp;#252;rd&amp;#246; 7.214
:+	Balneum Casale; B&amp;#225;nj Kaz&amp;#225;le
* Turzovka; -; Turz&amp;#243;falva 7.809
:
* Tvrdos^&amp;#237;n; -; Turdossin 9.548
:
* Vel'k&amp;#233; Kapus^any; -; Nagykapos 9.948
:
* Vel'k&amp;#253; Krt&amp;#237;s^; -; Nagykurt&amp;#246;s 14.201
:
* Vel'k&amp;#253; Meder; -; Nagymegyer 9.263
:
* Vel'k&amp;#253; S^aris^; Gro&amp;#223;scharosch; Nagys&amp;#225;ros 3.650
:
* Vr&amp;#225;ble; -; Vereb&amp;#233;ly 9.701
:
* Vranov nad Topl'ou ; Vronau an der T&amp;#246;pl ; Varanno 23.216
:
* Vrbov&amp;#233;; Werbau; Verb&amp;#243; 6.217
:
* Vr&amp;#250;tky; Ruttek (is rare); Ruttka 7.350
:
* Vysok&amp;#233; Tatry ; Hohe Tatra; Magas-T&amp;#225;tra (a newly created town) 5.721
:
* Z^arnovica; Scharnowitz ; Zsarn&amp;#243;cza 6.645
:
* Z^eliezovce; Zelis; Zseliz 7.675
:
* Z^iar nad Hronom*; Heiligenkreuz ; Garamszentkereszt 20.434 (*totally renamed in 1955)
:+	Civitas Sanctae Crucis; Czevtate S&amp;#250;ce Krczi
* Z^ilina ; Sillein ; Zsolna 86.953
:
* Zlat&amp;#233; Moravce; Goldmorawitz ; Aranyosman&amp;#243;t 15.473
:
* Zvolen ; Altsohl ; Z&amp;#243;lyom 44.705
:+	Veterosolium?*; Vedz&amp;#243;lj


[[Category:Romance Languages]]
[[Category:Slevania]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kasovlja</title>
    <id>1033</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32320</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-03T09:59:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>-stub</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">&lt;b&gt;Kasovlja:&lt;/b&gt; The capital of [[Slevania]]. In Hungarian &lt;i&gt;Kassa&lt;/i&gt;, in German &lt;i&gt;Kaschau&lt;/i&gt;.

[[Category:Slevania]]
[[Category:Cities]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>FNLS</title>
    <id>1034</id>
    <revision>
      <id>21123</id>
      <timestamp>2005-11-28T12:34:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BenctPhilip</username>
        <id>13</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">::[[Image:Slvanja-fnls.gif]]
:::::::FNLS party emblem 1948-1990

&lt;b&gt;Front Nacunale pru Liberacune Slvanje:&lt;/b&gt; (FNLS).  [[Slevania|Slevanian]] political party.  Started as a liberal nationalist movement for independence from [[Hungary]] in the 1880's. During the 1940's party leader Honor&amp;#225;t Halj&amp;#233;r turned the formerly liberal independence movement into a chauvinistic movement hardly different from the [[SNOR]] itself, celebrating the Roman (absolutely n&amp;#242;t Slavic or Hungarian) roots of the Slevanians.  When the SNOR invaded in 1948 Halj&amp;#233;r was only too willing to 'help', and got an 'independent' Slevania as a reward.

==FNLS &lt;nowiki&gt;dictators/mareszaly&lt;/nowiki&gt; (marchals)==

# &lt;i&gt;Honor&amp;#225;t Halj&amp;#233;r&lt;/i&gt; 1948-1959:  tried to make Slevania a Grand Duchy but the [[Russia|Russians]] would have none of it, since a president (or marchal) would be easier to potentially depose than a Duke.  With or without respect Halj&amp;#233;r was generally known as &lt;i&gt;Duc&lt;/i&gt; all the same.  Assassinated by the [[PFLS]] in their first and most successful operation ever.
# &lt;i&gt;Konstantin Kust&amp;#250;c&lt;/i&gt; 1959-1967:  Continued Halj&amp;#233;r's policy, but understood that his r&amp;#233;gime was not popular and was brutally repressive.
# &lt;i&gt;Greg&amp;#243;r Halin&amp;#225;r&lt;/i&gt; 1967-1983:  The surname means 'chicken-farmer', a fact not lost in the jokes of the period, and according to most amply visible in his r&amp;#233;gime.
# &lt;i&gt;Avgust Halin&amp;#225;r&lt;/i&gt; 1983-1987:  Son of the former and so grossly incompetent that the FNLS military removed him with Russian help.
# &lt;i&gt;Dom&amp;#237;c Miljer&lt;/i&gt; 1987-1990:  Russian-educated colonel in the Armed Forces.  Mysteriously disappeared from the palace on the morn of the revolution.

Since 1990 the now 'reconstructed' party FNLS has been under the tight control of Ljulj&amp;#225;n Kust&amp;#250;c, grandson of Konstantin Kust&amp;#250;c. The new democratic parties have tried to keep both him and the [[PFLS]] out of government.  The general saying is that the disappearance of Miljer was the best thing 'Ljuljol' ever did.

::::::http://www.melroch.se/ib/slevania/fnls-chicken.gif

Conception of the FNLS party emblem during the Halin&amp;#225;r era by Andrzej &amp;#x141;ackie&amp;#x142;, a well-known cartoonist from the [[Republic of the Two Crowns|RTC]], published in the Wita Warsiny on 9 September, 1977. The accompanying text was:

:::&lt;i&gt;&quot;Nie posu koprz&amp;#x119;dzier&quot;, dziczewa ga&amp;#x142;, &quot;proko&amp;#x17c;u tocie pule dziew&amp;#x17c;&amp;#x105; a Weneda, aczk&amp;#x105;cz nutrzu &amp;#x142;asz dzie manu?&quot;&lt;/i&gt;

:::(&quot;I wonder,&quot; said the Rooster, &quot;why all the chicken are running off to Veneda although I'm feeding them from my hand?&quot;)

:::In Slevan: &lt;i&gt;&quot;Nje pocu k&amp;#250;prjad&amp;#233;r,&quot; diczeba h&amp;#225;l, &quot;prukvo toty poly travzs&amp;#250; a Veneda lci du-li dza m&amp;#250;dyk&amp;#225;r dje manu!&quot;&lt;/i&gt;

BPJ 17/6 -04

[[Category:Slevania]]
[[Category:Political Parties]]
[[Category:History]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>SR Climate and Geography</title>
    <id>1035</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32142</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-02T00:00:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>WIP since 7 Feb. 2005...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">The [[Scandinavian Realm|SR]] is traditionally divided into four geographical regions;
Norden, Guinea-Vestindien, Østindien, and Antarktis. Norden includes
all states and territories in Europe, the North Atlantic, and North
America. Guinea-Vestindien includes Gadangmeland, Gjebaland, and the
Cruzan Islands. Østindien includes all the states in Asia. Antarktis
includes the dependencies of South Atlantic and Antarctica.

== Norden ==
Norden is one of the northernmost regions of the world. The relatively mild conditions, however, are due to the warm ocean currents in the North Atlantic. These currents create milder conditions on the western coasts of Greenland and Iceland. The large amounts of water around Scandinavia makes the predominant weather temperatures constantly cool throughout the year. With the increasing distance from the sea the summers get progressively warmer and the winters colder, and of course increasing distance from the equator makes for a colder climate in the north.

Precipitation is much larger in the western parts of Norway and southern Greenland due to the mountain ranges and the dominant westerly winds than in the rest of Norden, but there is no real water shortage anywhere nor can any area really be considered dry aside from the northernmost parts of Greenland.

With the polar location Norden experiences long summer days and long winter nights, though the darkness of the winter is somewhat diminished by the snow cover in the furthest north. Much of Norden lies north of the polar circle. The polar location also makes Aurora Borealis common.

An icecap covers almost all of Greenland. It is surrounded by arctic/subarctic mountain ranges. Mountains are also found in Iceland and other North Atlantic islands, in most of Norway, and in western Sweden and Samme. The mountains are not very high. The highest mountain is Gunnbjørn in Greenland at around 12000 feet. Many
glaciations have created long valleys, spectacular fjords and alpine peaks, except in western Sweden and Samme where they are more rounded. Those on Iceland and Jan Mayen (in the North Atlantic) are volcanic.

Tundra can be found in northern Samme, along the coasts of southern Greenland, and along the coasts of Iceland and other North Atlantic islands, except in the Faeroe Islands and southwestern Greenland and Iceland where the milder climate allows for the existence of subarctic grasslands. Herding is important in these areas - sheep in Greenland, Iceland, and the Faeroe Islands; reindeer in Samme and Greenland.

In Denmark, Schleswig-Holstein, Oldenburg, and Rygen, the land is flat and fertile, much like Batavia and northern Germany. These countries have always been important to agriculture. Little of the deciduous forests that once covered the area remain as farmland has taken most of its old place.

The rest of Norden is forested land, including parts of Norway, most of Sweden, New Sweden, and New Iceland, and virtually all of Qvenland and Finland. There are many lakes and mires, and also many islands along the Baltic coasts. Coniferous trees (pine and spruce) predominate, with large influence of birch. The soil is usually not very good for agriculture, but in some places – like river valleys - better soils allow for more extensive farming. The southern lowlands of Sweden also have decent agricultural potential. Otherwise, it is forestry that is important in these lands.

The surrounding seas provides Norden with plenty of of fish. Sustainable numbers of seals and whales are also hunted. Oil and gas extraction is made in the North Sea.

Mineral deposits of metals like zinc, copper, titanium, uranium, chromium, silver, lead, nickel, gold and iron are extracted on mainland Scandinavia. The resources on Greenland are significantly larger, but are expensive to extract, and includes among many other minerals fluorite, gold, iron, lead and zinc.

Wind and hydropower is another natural resource with which Norden is blessed. Hydropower is particularly common in Norway, while windpower is particularly common in the flat countries of Denmark, Oldenburg, and Schleswig-Holstein. A fifth of Norden's energy needs are supplied by these alternative resources.

== Guinea-Vestindien ==
Guinea-Vestindien is located in the dry tropics with two seasons: wet and dry. The amount of rain that falls in a given area depends on the wind and topography.

In Guinea (Gadangmeland and Gjebaland), the seasons are influenced by the movement and interaction of the dry dusty harmattan winds, which blows from the northeast from the Sahara, and the opposing moist southwest monsoon winds coming in from the Atlantic. The harmattan season starts in December. In Gadangmeland it lasts until March, while in Gjebaland it lasts longer until May. It is then followed by the wet season for the rest of the year. In Gadangmeland most of the rains fall west of the Akwapim Ranges, while in Gjebaland most of the rains fall along the coast.

In the Cruzan Islands, the prevailing trade winds come in from the northeast. Most of the moisture falls on the northwestern portions of the islands, leaving the southeastern portions fairly dry. The driest period is from February to April, and the wettest from September to January. Hurricane season occurs in the late summer and autumn months.

There are no real mountains in Guinea-Vestindien. The Akwapim Ranges in the western part of Gadangmeland are a range of high hills averaging 1500 feet in height. The ranges are largely covered with rain forests, and their higher elevation provides a relatively cooler, pleasant climate. In addition to the cultivation of rice and other staples, coffee plantations are also found here.

Four of the eight main Cruzan Islands are very rugged with steep slopes protecting numerous coves and bays. The highest hill, Kronberg on Skt.Thomas, is around 1500 feet high. These rugged islands are not suitable for agriculture, and the original tropical dry forest vegetation still covers much of them.

The topography of the rest of Guinea-Vestindien is almost entirely flat and featureless. In general, the land is covered in grass and scrub. Irrigation systems allow large-scale cultivation of sugarcane and palm trees. Herds of senepol cattle are also raised. Several rivers empty through Gjebaland, making its coastal plains swampy and covered in mangroves. The Volta river empties through Gadangmeland. Its delta forms numerous lagoons, some quite large, where salt-making is done.

== Østindien ==

== Antarktis ==

[[Category:Scandinavian Realm]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Martinique</title>
    <id>1036</id>
    <revision>
      <id>12136</id>
      <timestamp>2005-04-11T19:03:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">There have been people living in Martinique, a small island in the Caribbean since 3000 BC, but the earliest record is of the Arawark Indians, who populated it around 100 BC. They named their island Madinina, meaning island of flowers. These peaceful inhabitants were killed by the Carib Indians in the 7th century AD, who occupied the island until the arrival of the Europeans.

Christopher Columbus was the first European to discover Martinique in 1502, on his fourth and last New World voyage. The island was not actually colonised by Europeans until 1635, when Belain d'Esnambuc landed with a hundred French settlers. They cleared forests to grow sugar cane, thus increasing tensions with the native Caribs, and in 1660 those Caribs who had survived the fighting were forcibly removed from the island. Black slaves were brought from Africa to work in the sugar plantations, as authorised by King Louis XIII in 1642, an action referred to as &quot;La Traite des Noirs&quot;.

Between 1794 and 1815, there was a strong British interest in Martinique, with control of the island changing several times within that period. Slavery was abolished under British rule, but reinstated after 1802, when the Treaty of Amiens gave Martinique back to France, and Napoléon Bonaparte allowed slavery again. Slavery was not officially abolished until 1848, with Victor Schoelcher’s law. All slaves became French citizens.

Martinique’s then capital, Saint-Pierre, which was widely considered to be the most cultured town in the West Indies, was destroyed in 1902, by a blast from the volcano Mont Pelée. All 30000 inhabitants were killed, and the town had to be completely rebuilt, although it lost both the status of capital, that title now belonging to Fort-de-France, and its cultural reputation.

In 1946, Martinique obtained the position of a French department, due mainly to Aimé Césaire's campaign as mayor.  This was short lived as it was soon subjugated by [[Florida-Caribbea]].  It has recently been liberated and restored as a part of [[France|France's]] DOM-TOM.

{{FranceAdmin}}

[[Category:Departments of France]]
[[Category:Defunct Nations]]
[[Category:North America]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Political Life In New-Francy</title>
    <id>1037</id>
    <revision>
      <id>44224</id>
      <timestamp>2007-01-22T15:57:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sikulu</username>
        <id>44</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Republican Faction */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Though like any other country the political life of the [[New Francy|Intendancy]] is a complex one, most people tend to fall within one of the following categories:

== Royalist Faction ==
[[Image:Nf-ducalparty.png|thumb|logo of the Ducal Party]]
The main royalist political party in New Francy is the Parti Ducal, which traces its roots to the colonial governing body from before the French Revolution. They claim loyalty to the [[Louis-Antoine Bourbon-Le Moyne|Pretender]] to the throne of [[France]] and advocate a status of Duchy for New Francy if and when monarchy is restored in France.

Up to the mid-19th century the reconquest of North American territories lost to the Republicans (mainly [[Louisianne]]) was widespread and considered feasible. This is why the Intendancy sent help to the [[NAL-SLC|NAL]] during the [[1828 War]], hoping it might succeed in reuniting the whole of New France. This policy started to lose ground after the NAL returned the land gained during the war and then faded completely from the Parti Ducal political agenda at the turn of the century. Nowaday, the vast majority of people see the separation as a fact.

As for taking back the motherland, the answer is a bit more complex. Even at the height of royalist fervor, no one would have even considered trying to retake [[France]]. Not only was there an obvious
lack of Neofrancian military might (compared to France) but it was felt that if the King himself couldn't hold to his throne by some mean (such as compromise), there was no point in bringing him back. This is what prompted the establishment of the [[League of Noble Emigrees|Ligue des nobles émigrés]]: finding allies and showing to the French people that, unlike the Republican government, the King was suported by Europe in general.

There was *some* discussion during the [[Second Great War]] about taking advantage of the situation for a royalist return but this came to nothing. Nowadays, the goal in the pro-restoration corner is to encourage local French organisations with a similar agenda (mostly through contributions) in the hope of stiring the popular opinion.

The only group who still publicly advocate the reunification, even by force, of the whole of the French Empire are &quot;Les Pélerins du Roi Saint-Louis&quot; (the pilgrims of King St-Louis) better known as
the &quot;white berets&quot; or something mockingly, &quot;The inequality party&quot;. The Pilgrims, whose philosophy is based on strict [[Catholicism|Catholic]] and monarchist principles, are mainly from old Francien
noble families and are not taken seriously even by other monarchists due to some of their stances: a belief in a global republican conspiracy, a desire for a return to serfdom, etc... They are also
the ones who thought that the PPL members who poked fun at the politician's oath of alliegance (&quot;Can I swear alliegance to the Emperor of the Moon too ?&quot;) should be tried for high treason or at least, publicly flogged.

Finaly, It should be noted that many Neofrancian nobles are not particularly anxious for a monarchist return in Francem fearing that their prestige and power might get diluted. The &quot;big fish in a small pond&quot; mentality. For this reason, a small but influencial party in recent years as been the Action Royaliste. Its program of establishing a native monarchy (transforming the intendancy into a kingdom) as attracted some supporters of both the PPL and PD though as of yet, this as not translated into much vote for the general-estates.

== Republican Faction ==
[[Image:Nf-laurentianparty.png|thumb|Logo of the PRL]]
The main pro-republican group is the Laurentian Republican Party (PRL), which wishes to achieve its goal by strictly political manners. They have elected some of their members to the États-Généraux for over a
century.

While some republicans wishes to establish a republic along the lines of either Louisianne or France (such as members of the Nouveau Parti Républicain), most tend to promote a system wherein the infrastructure would stay mostly the same, with only the trappings and privileges of nobility being striped away. 

This would mean, for example, that the Intendant would once more become a designated civil servant instead of being hereditary. The prefered scheme would have him being named for life by the members of the États-Généraux. Any citizen would, in theory, be eligible, though in practice many have commented that it would probably be limited to those with a certain status and that are popular enough with the population. This would mean those that have a veneer of social conscience (being philanthropic) but won't try to impose anything on the politicians. Some cynics also suppose that the citizens would not accept someone they see as &quot;common&quot;.

[[Image:Nf-flu.png|thumb|Flag used by supporters of the FLU]]
Moving to the most extreme view, the rabid anti-royals, The FLU, has not
been heard since the string of bombings in the 1970s. Though the later was accused of it by its ennemies, no link ever seems to have existed between the FLU and the PRL with this one publicly
speaking against the former's actions on many occasion. Also, The FLU's view that the PRL had betrayed the cause by not boycoting the États-Généraux was well known and lead on some occasions to scuffle between supporters of boths groups.

It should be noted that despite repeated accusation from the royalist side, no proof as ever surfaced to indicate that any of the republican parties are or were in any ways financialy supported by Louisanna. Considering that ideological differences between the republicans of both countries, the absence of links is more then probably correct.

== The Soft Vote ==
While the Royalists and the Republicans represent the two main factions to have influenced policies in the last two centuries, at no time did their combined memberships contained more then 40% of the total voting population. The majority of people are actually considered to be part of &quot;the soft vote&quot; with their vote being influenced by current events.

If one were to try and give a typical image of these voters, it would be of someone who tend to prefer the &quot;Association Souveraine&quot; option, meaning that he wishes to have a say through his representative in the running of the Intendency but prefer the stability of a neutral arbiter (the head of state). He is, atleast nominally, a Catholic and feels some attachment to the Intendancy's royalist trapping without feeling that its Francien origins are stronger then his own Laurentien feeling of ethnicity.

The soft voters are the one that are swayed during every elections to the États-Généraux, with the most extreme royalists and republicans positions being puclicly toned down if not completely left aside.

==Political Colours==
- Parti Ducal: Gold (or if impossible, yellow). It is taken both from the &quot;local&quot; fields of the NF COA (gold, 3 beavers gule) and from the colour of the Fleur-de-lys, a monarchist symbol. 

- Other monarchists: white, the colour used by the bourbon line of french kings.  

- Parti Populaire Laurentien: Green. During the revolt of the patoisants, the rebels wore a green maple leaf as a distinctive sign on their clothes and flags. The colour has stayed on as a symbol of republican and (laurentian) nationalist feelings.

- Other republicans: some extremists use green and red combinations.

The colours are often use as common terms for members or supporters of the partie themselves. It has also been used for propaganda purposes: Priests in the early 20th century would often, before elections, tell their parishioners &quot;Souvenez-vous que le calice trop longtemps oublié verra sa dorure se couvrir de verte moisissure&quot; [remember that the chalice too long forgotten will see its golden hue covered with green mold] the message being that not to vote (or for the wrong party) was also an act against religion. 


[[Category:New Francy]]
[[Category:Government]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Guadeloupe</title>
    <id>1038</id>
    <revision>
      <id>42523</id>
      <timestamp>2006-10-10T10:15:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sikulu</username>
        <id>44</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Guadeloupe was first sighted by Christopher Columbus in 1493, but the indigenous Carib population successfully fended off European efforts to settle the island until 1635, when it became a [[France|French]] possession. It was annexed to France in 1674. Over the next century, the island was seized several times by the [[England|English]], but a strengthened French force protected their claim to the island.

In an effort to take advantage of the chaos ensuing from the French Revolution, the English again attempted to seize Guadeloupe in 1794 and held it from April 21 to June 2. The French retook the island under the command of Victor Hughes, who succeeded in freeing the slaves who turned on the slave-owners who controlled the sugar plantations, but when American interests were threatened, [[Napoleon]] sent a force to suppress the rebels and reinstitute slavery.

On February 4, 1810 the English once again seized the island and held it until March 3, 1813, when it was ceded to [[Sweden]] as a consequence of the Napoleonic Wars. Sweden already had a colony in the area, the nearby island of Saint-Barthélemy, but merely a year later Sweden left the island to France in the Treaty of Paris of 1814. An ensuing settlement between Sweden and the English gave rise to the Guadeloupe Fund. French control of Guadeloupe was finally acknowledged in the Treaty of Vienna in 1815. Slavery was abolished on the island in 1848.

Guadeloupe became an overseas département of France on March 19, 1946. A local independence movement has been involved occasionally in acts of terror against the French government and later the [[Florida-Caribbea|Floridian]] government in order to achieve its aims.

The island of Saint-Martin was divided with the [[Batavian Kingdom]] (whose southern portion was named Sint Maarten and was part of the [[Batavian Antilles]]).

Since the end of [[Florida-Caribbea]] Guadeloupe's status has been unclear, as the French have taken control of all the islands, and the [[Batavian Kingdom]] has not re-asserted their claim to Saint-Martin.

{{FranceAdmin}}

[[Category:Nations in North America]][[Category:Departments of France]]
[[Category:Defunct Nations]]
[[Category:Florida-Caribbea]]
[[Category:Batavian Kingdom]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Milice Of New-Francy</title>
    <id>1039</id>
    <revision>
      <id>54319</id>
      <timestamp>2008-09-17T15:19:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marc pasquin</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>added link</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Nf-guard-uniform2.jpg|thumb|pre-1960s duty uniform]]

Unlike most large nations in the world, the Intendancy of [[New Francy]] has no army. Though many other countries have made similar claim regarding their so-called &quot;Self-Defence Force&quot; or &quot;Security troops&quot;, in the the case of New-Francy, this is meant quite litteraly. 

=== History ===
During colonial times, the regular army in [[New Francy]] was made up entirely of non-local troops. The locals were still expected to serve, but in the militia. During the uprising that resulted from the [[French Revolution]], the Milice sided almost to a men with the Royalists and the regular army with the Revolutionaries. With the end of hostility, it was the former that made up the defence in the early 18th century and the tradition remained.

One reason why it managed to stay that way has to do with the simple lack of a need for a standing military force: the Intendancy does not plan on invading anyone soon and the only other country with which it share a border is the [[NAL]], seen, at best, as an ally and, at worst, as inoffensive. They have limited themselves to that equipment the Intendancy needs to protect its borders and maintain internal order.

There as been a few initiatives over the years to try and change the matter but none have gone anywhere. One such initiative came about due to the &quot;Black Scare&quot;, the fear that [[SNOR]]ist [[Russia]] might try to invade North America through the North Pole. To this, a politician once famously retorted: &quot;When that happens, we'll just have to arm Father Christmas and wish him luck&quot;

=== Organisation ===
The Milice is an all-civilian volunteers organisation and thus not subjected to any type of military
justice or code of conduct and though some are armed, they lack the type of fire power usually associated with an army such as tanks, artillery (apart from coastal defence) and naval destroyers. In this sense, the Milice is similar to other non-military uniformed organisations such as the coast guard of some countries.

The milice is divided in 2 services: ''La Maréchaussée'' whose purpose is to enforce the law and ''La Garde'' which is charged with protecting the citizens, institutions and territory of New Francy. The first service thus take care of things such as highway safety, foot patrols, and criminal investigation while the second has sections that are equivalent to other countries Coast Guard, custom/border agents, search and rescue, consular protection, etc....

There is also a joint task force known as Groupe d'Intervention Spécial (GIS) considered to be the elite of the Milice. It is made up of members from various sections and was originaly formed to combat local and foreign terrorists. In recent years, its services have been use to combat organised crime syndicate, smuggling rings and, on a few occasions, for peacekeeping missions abroad. (notably [[Saint-Domingo]])

Another joint task force of the 2 services is dedicated to the protection of the [[League of Noble Emigrees]]'s building and personnel.  They are a specialized group who are the ''crème de la crème'' of the Milice.  These agents serve the LoNE exclusively, and are often assigned to visiting delegations, or as a support to the various royals' personal bodyguards.


&lt;i&gt;see also:&lt;/i&gt;

[http://marcpasquin.iquebec.com/ib-cri-nf.html]rank insignias of the Milice
[[Category:New Francy]]
[[Category:Military]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Batavian Antilles</title>
    <id>1040</id>
    <revision>
      <id>16570</id>
      <timestamp>2005-10-28T10:02:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Batavian Antilles'''

Holdings of the [[Batavian Kingdom]] in the Caribbean.  Seized and held for some fifty years following [[Second Great War|Great War 2]] by now-defunct [[Florida-Caribbea]].

{{Batavia}}

[[Category:Batavian Kingdom]]
[[Category:Nations in North America]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>RepubliComm</title>
    <id>1041</id>
    <revision>
      <id>44055</id>
      <timestamp>2007-01-10T03:52:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Recent Changes */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox_Company |
  company_name   = RepubliComm |
  company_logo   = [[Image:Republicomm.png|200px|RepubliComm logo]] |
  company_type   = Public company|
  company_slogan = ''Causons!'', Let's Chat!|
  foundation     = 1800|
  location       = [[Toulouse]], [[Garonne-Neuve]], [[Osage]]|
  key_people     = [[David Breton]], CEO &amp; Director &lt;br \&gt; [[Pierre Chamois]], PR Director|
  num_employees  = 36,294|
  industry       = Telecommunication Services|
  products       = Cellular Telephony&lt;br \&gt;Information Technology Application Services&lt;br \&gt;Telegraph Services&lt;br \&gt;|
  revenue        = [[Image:green_up.png]]€15 million LE (''an CCXIII'') &lt;br /&gt; (roughly equivalent to fiscal 2005)|
}}

'''RepubliComm''', formerly an alternate name for '''La Poste, Télégraphe et Téléphone''' is the state-run, former monopoly of [[Louisianne]].  RepubliComm provides telegraph and telephone service, the [[La Poste (Louisiannaise)|Post]] having been spun-off into its own entity.  RepubliComm is now branching into space-based telecommunications, bolstering its already large aerostat service.  RepubliComm has only in the last decade begun plans to decentralize, creating regional, competitive daughter companies, but maintains their national headquarters in [[Toulouse]].   

==History==

Telephones were originally slow to catch on in [[Louisianne]] at first.  With the shift of the capital to [[Paris-sur-Mizouri]] the decision to establish a national telegraph, and later, telephone company became apparent, and by mandate of the National Assembly and the Council, the Republican Communications Company was born in ''an CX''.  After 20 years as a governmental agency RepubliComm was born with the separation of ''La Poste''.

By the end of ''an CXXXV'' the Republican Communications Company or ''RTT'' maintained telephone lines from [[Baton Rouge]] and [[New Orleans]] to the capital, and telegraph lines to principle cities in the northern prefectures.  Exception to this was what is now [[Nouvelle Cournouaille]] which maintained extensive telegraph lines between the [[Mormonism|Mormon]] settlements, in part mandated by Brigham Young, that each community build the telegraph line into, through, and half-way to the next town.

[[Tesla-Westinghouse]] was deeply involved in the telephonic infrastructure, and to this day maintains service contracts with RepubliComm.  Telephone lines had connected all major population centers of Louisianne by 1925, but service in the northwest was limited to the richer homes in the larger cities.

With the advent of the [[First Great War|First]] and [[Second Great War]]s, the technological level of RTT advanced allowing for radio transmission via aerostats to allow for telephone reception in the remoter reaches of Louisianne.

In late 1950, (''an CLIX'') the Republican Communications Company was semi-privatized, and underwent a name-change to RepubliComm.  The government of Louisianne maintained and maintains a majority of the shares in the company.
&lt;!--
The telephone market was very competitive in the early [[20th century]]. During this period, AT&amp;T officials spread rumors that the company was not doing well; this caused nervous investors to sell stock in companies contracted to AT&amp;T.  AT&amp;T would then buy the stock in these companies cheaply, and soon established itself nationwide as the primary provider of telephone service. In [[1907]] AT&amp;T president [[Theodore Vail]] proposed that a formal [[monopoly]] would be more efficient.  The federal government accepted this principle, initially in the [[Kingsbury Commitment]] of [[1913]].

For most of the 20th century, AT&amp;T subsidiary AT&amp;T Long Lines thus enjoyed a near-total monopoly on [[long distance]] telephone service in the United States. AT&amp;T also controlled 22 Bell Operating Companies which provided local telephone service to most of the United States.  While there were many &quot;independent telephone companies&quot;, [[General Telephone and Electronics|General Telephone]] being the most significant, the Bell System was far larger than all the others, and widely considered a monopoly itself.

During the early [[1920s]], AT&amp;T bought [[Lee De Forest]]'s patents on the &quot;audion&quot;, the first triode [[vacuum tube]], which let them enter the radio business.  Thanks to the pressures of [[World War I]], AT&amp;T and [[RCA]] owned all useful patents on vacuum tubes. RCA staked a position in wireless communication; AT&amp;T pursued the use of tubes in telephone amplifiers.  Some [[patent]] allies and partners in RCA were angered when the two companies' research on tubes began to overlap; there were many patent disputes.

AT&amp;T, RCA, and their patent allies and partners finally settled their disputes in 1926 by compromise.  AT&amp;T decided to focus on the telephone business as a communications common carrier, and sold its broadcasting subsidiary [[Broadcasting Corporation of America]] to RCA.  The assets included station [[WEAF]], which for some time had broadcast from AT&amp;T headquarters in [[New York City]].  In return, RCA signed a service agreement with AT&amp;T, ensuring any radio network RCA started would have transmission connections provided by AT&amp;T.  Both companies agreed to cross-license patents, ending that aspect of the dispute. RCA, [[General Electric|GE]], and [[Westinghouse]] were now free to combine their assets to form the [[NBC|National Broadcasting Company]], or NBC network. 

In [[1925]], AT&amp;T created a new unit called Bell Telephone Laboratories, commonly [[Bell Labs]]. This [[research and development]] unit proved highly successful, pioneering, among other things, [[radio astronomy]], the [[transistor]], the [[photovoltaic cell]], the [[Unix]] [[operating system]], and the [[C programming language]]. However, its parent company did not always capitalize on these achievements. In [[1949]] the Justice Department filed an antitrust suit aimed at forcing the divestiture of Western Electric, which was settled seven years later by AT&amp;T's agreement to confine its products and services to common carrier telecommunications and license its patents to &quot;all interested parties&quot;. A key effect of this was to ban AT&amp;T from selling computers despite its key role in electronics research and development.

[[Image:Bell.png|right|thumb|150px|AT&amp;T Corporate Logo, 1969-1983]]
[[Public utility]] commissions in all state and local [[jurisdiction]]s regulated the Bell System and all the other telephone companies. The [[Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC) regulated all service across state lines.  These commissions controlled the rates that companies could charge, and the specific services and equipment they could offer.  Nonetheless, technological innovation continued. For example, AT&amp;T commissioned the first commercial communications [[satellite]], [[Telstar]] I in [[1962]].  This and other new technologies convinced the FCC to introduce competition in some sectors, and by [[1975]] general long-distance services were competing.

The rest of the telephone monopoly lasted until final settlement of a 1974 U.S. [[Department of Justice]] [[antitrust]] suit against AT&amp;T on [[January 8]], [[1982]], under which AT&amp;T agreed to divest its local exchange service operating companies, in return for a chance to go into the computer business (see [[AT&amp;T Computer Systems]]).  Although the [[Department of Defense]] did not want AT&amp;T to be broken, effective [[January 1]], [[1984]], AT&amp;T's local operations were split into seven independent [[Regional Bell operating company|Regional Bell Operating Companies]] known as &quot;Baby Bells&quot;. AT&amp;T, reduced in value by about 70%, continued to run all its long distance services, although it lost some market share in the ensuing years to competitors [[MCI]] and [[Sprint]].

After its own attempt to penetrate the computer marketplace failed, in [[1991]], AT&amp;T absorbed [[NCR Corporation]] (National Cash Register), hoping to capitalize on the burgeoning [[personal computer]] and [[UNIX]] networked server markets, but was unable to extract lasting financial or technological gains from the [[merger]]. After [[deregulation]] of the U.S. telecom industry via the [[Telecommunications Act of 1996]], NCR was divested again. At the same time, AT&amp;T's equipment manufacturing operations and the renowned [[Bell Labs|Bell Laboratories]] were spun off into [[Lucent Technologies]]. The industry as a whole had many other reorganizations since the [[1990s]], both due to [[deregulation]] and because of technological advances reducing demand and pricing power in telecommunications.

In [[1997]], AT&amp;T hired former [[IBM]] executive [[Michael Armstrong]] as its [[chief executive officer]]. Armstrong's vision was to change AT&amp;T from a long-distance carrier into a global &quot;telecommunications [[supermarket]]&quot;, eyeing Internet services for the booming [[dot-com]] industry.

Armstrong's most prominent strategy was buying significant [[cable television]] assets. After acquiring John Malone's [[TCI]] and [[Media One]] (gaining through the latter a 25% share of [[Time Warner Cable]]), AT&amp;T was the largest provider of [[cable television]] in the [[United States]]. It intended to use these assets to bridge the so-called &quot;[[last mile]]&quot; and break the Regional Bell Companies' access-monopoly of the consumer household for data and telephony services, but the wager was costly, substantially increasing the company's debt.

In [[1998]], AT&amp;T announced a US$1 billion alliance with [[BT]] to offer global [[voice over IP]] (VoIP) services, sparking rumors of a potential merger ([http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/europe/9807/26/bt.att/]).  But the parties fought for control of the project and could not even agree on the alliance's name. By mid-[[2001]], customers were being directed to sign contracts with the parent companies, and Concert, as the venture was eventually known, was scrapped in [[October]] that year.

In [[1999]] AT&amp;T acquired the Olivetti &amp; Oracle Research Lab, from [[Olivetti]] and [[Oracle Corporation]].  In [[2002]] it closed down the research part of the lab.

With long-distance rates falling and the market for telecommunications services overall weakening, AT&amp;T could not sustain the debt it had incurred in these ventures. Moreover, the cost of upgrading TCI's equipment to handle two-way communications proved far higher than pre-merger estimates. AT&amp;T undertook a major reorganization in October [[2000]], moving its mobile phone and broadband units into separate companies, to allow each unit to raise capital independently.

On [[July 9]], [[2001]] it spun off [[AT&amp;T Wireless|AT&amp;T Wireless Corp.]] in what was then the world's largest [[initial public offering]] (IPO). Later that year it spun off AT&amp;T Broadband and [[Liberty Media]], which comprised its [[cable television|cable TV]] assets. AT&amp;T Broadband was subsequently acquired by [[Comcast Communications Corporation]] in [[2002]], and AT&amp;T Wireless merged with [[Cingular Wireless]] in [[2004]].

In [[2004]], the U.S. government eliminated regulations that allowed long-distance phone companies to access the networks owned by the regional Bell carriers at relatively inexpensive rates. This ultimately caused AT&amp;T to move away from the residential telephone business. Instead, its residential focus shifted to offering a voice service over a broadband Internet connection called AT&amp;T CallVantage.

On [[January 31]], [[2005]], [[SBC Communications]] announced that it would buy AT&amp;T for more than $16 billion. The merger is expected to be completed next year, barring any regulatory difficulties. The name of the merged company has not been decided, but it is expected that SBC will adopt the AT&amp;T name in some form.

== Nicknames ==
AT&amp;T was also known as &quot;'''Ma Bell'''&quot; and affectionately called &quot;Mother&quot; by phone [[phreak]]s. Spinoffs like the [[Regional Bell operating company|Regional Bell Operating Companies]] or ''RBOC''s were often called &quot;Baby Bells&quot;.

The AT&amp;T Globe Symbol, the corporate [[logo]] designed by [[Saul Bass]] in [[1983]], has been nicknamed the [[Death Star]] in reference to [[Star Wars]]. This name was also given to the titanic former Bell Labs facility in [[Holmdel, New Jersey]], now owned by Lucent.

==AT&amp;T Competitors==
*[[Sprint]]
*[[MCI]]
*[[SBC Communications]]
*[[BellSouth]]
*[[Verizon]]
*[[Qwest]]
*[[Equant]]

--&gt;
==Recent Changes==
With the move in the last 15 years to decentralize and increase trade, RepubliComm divested its interest in local telephone companies, maintaining its long-distance and promising cellular-phone industries.  RepubliComm's local telephone service entities were spun off to become ''Rocheuses Télécom'', ''Téléplaines'' and ''OzarqueTel''.  Other entities have begun business as well, however they are not yet significant rivals to the RepubliComm spin-offs.

With the launching of telecommunications satellites and the decreased expenditure on fuel and helium for aerostats, RepubliComm was able to post positive earnings for the first time in nearly three years.

With Louisianne's push toward space, RepubliComm has recently moved toward space-based platforms to disseminate the communications network.  The first long-term satellite is Télétoile-1.  Télétoile-1 has become the parent to a series of satellites, each more sophisticated.  RepubliComm is working with [[ATOE]] to launch geostationary satellites to help cover the Western Hemisphere, allowing communication with North America and the fringes of Asia and Europe.

[[Category:Louisianne]]
[[Category:Telecommunications]]
[[Category:Corporations]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>L'Argent Louisiannais</title>
    <id>1042</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35676</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-31T06:52:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">= Pre-Decimalization =
The ''Louisian'' was the [[Louisianne|Louisiannan]] [[currency]] up until the release in [[French Republican Calendar|an CCXII]] (2004) of the écu.  When originally valued against other currencies in 1 Vendémiaire LIX (23/09/1850), three Louisians equaled one [[NAL]] [[Currency of the Commonwealth of Nations|Pound]].  However, over the intervening years, poor leadership, wars and depressions, the Louisian lost value.  Originally the monetary break down was:

1 Louisian = 20 petits louis = 80 piâtres (hence, 1 piâtre was equal to 1 NAL penny)

The parity of NAL£=3 Lousiannes lasted for about 30 years, more or less, and in the 1880's the Louisian took a nose-dive.

Prior to the revaluing to introduce the écu in CCXII the Louisian had dropped to 3.000 Louisian = NAL£.  Because it was so devalued the lowest coin (though infrequently seen) was the 2½ Louisian coin.

==Historic currency==
Initially, the currency used was as follows
=== Coins ===
*¼ piâtre
*½ piâtre
*1 piâtre
*2 piâtres
*1 petit louis
*2½ petits louises
*5 petits louises
*10 petits louises
=== Banknotes ===
*1 Louisian
*3 Louisians (AKA ''livre'')
*5 Louisians
*10 Louisians
*30 Louisians
*50 Louisians
*100 Louisians
== End of the Louisian ==
In CCXII (2004), the Écu was introduced, replacing the Louisian at a rate of 1 Écu = 1250 Louisians.  The coins and banknotes in use at the time, with equivalents in Écu, are:
=== Coins ===
*2½ Louisians (.2 centîme) - rarely seen
*5 Louisians (.4 centîme)
*10 Louisians (.8 centîme)
*25 Louisians (2 centîmes)
*50 Louisians (4 centîmes)
*100 Louisians (8 centîmes)
*250 Louisians (20 centîmes)
*500 Louisians (40 centîmes) - not often seen in circulation
=== Banknotes ===
*300 Louisians (24 centîmes) - discontinued several years before revaluation, rarely seen
*500 Louisians (40 centîmes)
*1,000 Louisians (80 centîmes)
*2,500 Louisians (2 Écu)
*5,000 Louisians (4 Écu)
*10,000 Louisians (8 Écu)
*50,000 Louisians (40 Écu)

The Louisianne mint halted production of the ½ Louisian (officially still &quot;10 petits-louises&quot;) and 1 Louisian in CCV (1987).  In preparation for this, the 3-Louisian was replaced by the 2½ Louisian in CCII (1984).

= Post-Decimalization =
With the écu, the louisian is now gradually being phazed out and replaced, and the écu is equal to 8/4 (8 shillings 4 pence = 100 pence) in NAL currency, thus NAL£1 = 2.40 Écus.  The écu bills begin at two and increase on the order of 1/2/5, thus, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 écu. 100, 200, 500, écus.  The breakdown of the change is simple:

1 écu = 10 décîmes = 100 centîmes

The names of the coins are as follows:

*½c = demi-centîme (informally &quot;perdant&quot;)
*1c = centîme (informally &quot;denier&quot;)
*2c = double-centîme or doobie or doobime
*5c = demi-decîme
*10c = décîme
*20c = double-décîme or cinquième
*50c = demi-écu (informally &quot;couronne&quot; or &quot;crown&quot;)
*1E = écu

= Foreign Response =
Response to the new Ecu has been varied.  Most foreign investors are currently concerned about the seemingly enormous outflow from Louisiannan coffers.  Louisiannan response to this question is to state that there has been an increased inflow from the government owned mines in the newly acquired western territories.

[[Category:Louisianne]]
[[Category:Currency]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>French Republican Calendar</title>
    <id>1043</id>
    <revision>
      <id>61084</id>
      <timestamp>2009-08-05T15:19:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">October 24, 1793, the newly established [[France|Republic of France]] rejected the Gregorian Calendar, seeking a new, rational, regular model, thus giving birth to the French Republican Calendar.  [[Louisianne]] instituted the calendar on January 1, 1794. This new and innovative calendar was only officially accepted for 13 years in [[France]], but lived on in [[Louisianne]]. On January 1, 1806, [[Napoleon]] re-established the Gregorian Calendar, ending a bold experiment in man's effort to redefine his world.

The Calendar was an effort to put the idea of the republic into the daily lives of the citizens.  It was a means of artistic expression, shifting from the ancient names to new, nature related names that directly reflected the seasons.  It was a renouncement of the Catholic Hegemony (and religion period).  It was an effort to raise public opinion of the agricultural class, to logically divide the time and calendar.

==Creation of the Calendar==

Led by poet Phillipe-François Fabre d'Eglantine, a group of mathematicians and painters restructured the Year, and poetic names were chosen, relating to each other within the seasons.  D'Eglantine wrote &quot;...the effect of these names is such that by merely saying the name of the month one will clearly feel three things and how they are connected: the type of season; the temperature; and the state of vegetation.&quot; The names of the days of were planned to be functional following the ideal of decimalization, or 'decimation' as the [[Federated Kingdoms| FK]] pundits would say.  Each day was assigned a plant name, however these were abandoned as quickly as the 'primidi, duodi, tridi,' etc.

Seasons were divided into three months, and the grouped months shared a common ending:

AUTUMN (AUTOMNE)

*Vendémiaire - (Month of &lt;nowiki&gt;Vintage/Grape Harvest&lt;/nowiki&gt;)
*Brumaire - (Month of &lt;nowiki&gt;Mist/Fog&lt;/nowiki&gt;) 
*Frimaire - (Month of &lt;nowiki&gt;Frost/Cold&lt;/nowiki&gt;) 

WINTER (HIVER)

*Nivôse - (Month of &lt;nowiki&gt;Snow/Leveling&lt;/nowiki&gt;)
*Pluviôse - (Month of &lt;nowiki&gt;Rain/Wet&lt;/nowiki&gt; Season)
*Ventôse - (Month of Winds)

SPRING (PRINTEMPS)

*Germinal - (Month for Seeds to Sprout)
*Floréal - (Month of Blooms&lt;nowiki&gt;/Flowering&lt;/nowiki&gt;)
*Prairial - (Month of Meadows)

SUMMER (ETÉ)

*Messidor - (Month of Harvest)
*Thermidor - (Month of Heat)
*Fructidor - (Month of Fruits)   
 
The [[Federated Kingdoms]] was quick to develop a pejorative string of nicknames: Slippy, Nippy, Drippy, Freezy, Wheezy and Sneezy, Showery, Flowery, Bowery, Wheaty, Heaty, Sweety).

The months are 30 days long, originally divided into 'decades' of 10 days.  [[Louisianne]] returned to the seven day week, to the happiness of the working class.  The names derived from the Latin roots were dropped in favor of the older names.

The evenly-divided months created a few leftover days (five days usually, six on leap years). Called the Jours complementaires or the Sansculottides (&quot;the days of the poor&quot;) they were treated as Holidays, or Festival days and were named: Jour de la Vertu (Virtue), Jour du Genie (Genius), Jour du Travail (Work), Jour de la Raison (Reason), Jour de la Recompense (Reward) and in leap years, the Jour de la Revolution (Revolution).  Leap years are in years that are one less than a multiple of four (e.g., CCVII or CCXI).  Following the Gregorian calendar, the year CVII (began 1898) was not a leap year, just as Gregorian 1900 was an omitted leap year.

The First Day of the Year was always the autumn equinox (the 1st of Vendémiaire). The FRC was signed into law in November, in the Gregorian year 1793 - but was dated backwards to 1792, so when the it was adopted, the [[France|French]] were well into Year II of the new calendar, and the [[Louisianne|Louisiannais]] into Year III.

After [[Napoleon]] dismantled the Republic, he reinstated the Gregorian Calendar in 1806. Many supported the switch back, including those who enjoyed one day off every seven instead of every ten, and international businessmen, who had trouble with the varying differences between the FRC and the rest of the world.  [[Louisianne]] has been able to work out the disparate days with the rest of the world by functioning as many of the Arab nations with both calendars, albeit emphasising the RC.  The Louisiannan use of the RC is not without compromise, as the Louisiannans continue to use the typical French weekday names, ie, Lundi, Mardi, Mercredi, Jeudi, Vendredi, Samedi and Dimanche.  So although Louisianne continues to use the calendar, it has reverted to a seven day week.

==Modern Use==

Louisianne continues to use this calendar, as did the Republic of [[Ezo]].

[[Category:Louisianne]]
[[Category:Calendar Systems]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Saint-Domingo</title>
    <id>1044</id>
    <revision>
      <id>55985</id>
      <timestamp>2008-12-17T17:38:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marc pasquin</username>
        <id>10</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>added COA</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=L'Empire de Saint-Domingue&lt;br&gt;El Imperio de Santo-Domingo&lt;br&gt;The Empire of Saint-Domingo}}
{{shortname infobox|vernacular=Hispanola|english=Hispanola}} 
{{image infobox|file=Sd-nat.png|caption=Flag of {{PAGENAME}} }}
{{image infobox|file=Coa.png|caption=Coat of arms of {{PAGENAME}} }}
{{motto infobox|motto= Enfin le jour de notre liberté!}}
{{lang1 infobox|language=[[Francien]], [[Haÿtian Creole]], [[Castilian]]}}
{{lang2 infobox|official=[[Francien]], [[Castilian]]|others=Creole, Patois}}
{{cities2 infobox|capital=Port-au-Prince|other=Santo Domingo, Santiago}}
{{ruler infobox|title=Emperor|name=[[Dessaline|Dieudonné Déssaline III]]}}
{{ruler infobox|title=Prime Minister|name=Rene Preval}}
{{area infobox|area=76,029}}
{{population infobox|population=15,363,995|adjective=people}}
{{independence2 infobox|from=[[France]]|date=1838}}
{{independence2 infobox|from=[[Florida-Caribbea]]|date=2004}}
{{currency infobox|currency=Louisiannan Ecu; Francien Piastre}}
{{organization infobox|organization=Communauté des Nations Francophone}}
{{close infobox}}
GENERAL INFORMATION

==Administration==
===Government===

The government of Saint-Domingo is divided into three parts, the Judicial, the Legislative and Executive Branch.

====Judicial Branch====

The judges of the Saint-Domingan judiciary are elected in local elections for a period of 7 years.  First Circuit (local) judges are subject to review from Second, Third and Supreme Circuit judges.  Second Circuit judges are subject ot review from Third and Supreme Circuit judges, and so on.  In the case of review, judges gather a quorum (three or more judges superior or inferior to the judge in question).  This quorum, which consists of both local and distant judges reviews the judgments of the judge in question.

If the judge is found to have committed great error against the established laws, the judge is impeached and replaced in an election.

====Legislative Branch====

As newly dictated by the recently ratified constitution of the Empire of Saint-Domingo, this island nation is divided into 41 provinces.  While the goal had been originally to have a precise 40 provinces, infighting amongst the inhabitants of the former Dominican Province of La Altagracia led to the separation into Higüey and Pointe Tromperie/Punta Engaño.

Each of the 41 provinces elects 3 senators, with 3 elected from the Distritos Nacional/Districts National.  The Emperor selects 12 Senators from regions around the country to fill out the number  These senators meet in the capitol with the Emperor to discuss laws for the nation, as well as issues of national import.

Each senator is elected for 11 years, and once elected can only be removed by a two-thirds majority votes of the 140-member senate.  Once a senator is thus censured, he must return to his home, and his seat is filled in an election.

While this is a similar format to other countries in Latin America, it is expected that there will be fine-tuning of this procedure as the years come.

====Executive Branch====

Directed by His Majesty, Emperor Dieudonné Dessalines III, the Executive consists of Imperially appointed Governors of the Provinces as well as the Mayors of the Distrito Nacional/Districts National.  These in turn appoint Mayors of ''régions'' and ''arrondissements''.

===Administrative Divisions===

With the restoration of Hispaniolan Autonomy, the divisions of the past, both of Haÿti and the Dominican Republic have been re-aligned.  Some of the names have been replaced, much like the French Revolution replaced the older, Royal names of regions with those of their land forms, rivers, lakes, and mountain ranges.

Also in the creation of these new ''provinces'' three National Districts (Distrito Nacional, District Nationale) were created around Port-Au-Prince, Santo-Domingo, and Santiago.  The Emperor will be maintaining residences in each of these cities, and will hold court with the regional senators.  Saint-Domingue will serve as the seat of the Legislature, Santiago, the seat of the Judiciary and Port-au-Prince seat of the Monarch. 

[[Image:Hispprov.jpg|right|550px|Modern Provincial Divisions of Hispaniola]]

#Saumâtre
#Massif
#Artibonite
#Gonâve
#Hotte
#Etroit
#La Salle
#La Tortue
#Côte-du-Nord
#Cahos
#Liban
#Cibao (Cibao)
#Sabanette (Sabaneta)
#Canne (Caña)
#Enrique (Enriquillo)
#Silex (Pedernales)
#Neiba
#Montagnes Centrales (Cordillera Central)
#Mont du Christ (Monte Cristi)
#Port d’Argent (Puerto Plata)
#Nord (Norte)
#Zone Écotopique (Zona Ecotopicale)
#Baie d’Ocoa (Bahía de Ocoa)
#Palenque (Palenque)
#Haina
#Yuna
#Cordillère Septentrionale (Cordillera Septentrional)
#Baie Yasica (Bahía Yasica)
#Bretagne (Bréton)
#Cap Vieux (Cabo Viejo)
#Baie Écossaise (Bahía Escocesa)
#Samaná
#Mont d’Argent (Monte Plata)
#Saint-Domingue (Santo Domingo)
#Macoris
#Cordillère Orientale (Cordillera Oriental)
#Collines (Colinas)
#Catalina
#Cap Saint-Rafaël (Cabo San Rafael)
#Higüey
#Pointe Tromperie (Punta Engaño)

==History==

&lt;i&gt;[[Haytian_History|Important dates]] in the history of Hayti. &lt;/i&gt;

Founded as the [[France|French]] colony of Saint-Domingue on the western portion of Hispanola during the colonial period, the country that came to be known as Hayti was largely populated with African Slaves imported from the Gold Coast.  In 1791 slaves rose up, seeking freedom as had the French people in 1789.  By 1803 the white French had been ousted, settling in Biloxi et Mobile and the Republic of Saint-Domingue was declared with Jean-Jacques Dessaline and his descendants as its kings and later, emperors. 

The country enjoyed almost a century of peace until 1898 when its proximity with the revolutionary [[Florida-Caribbea|Florida-Caribbean]] created unrest. The second half of the 20th century saw the end of monarchy when the republic of Hayti was declared and suffered during its short term annexion by [[Florida-Caribbea|Florida-Caribbean]] during the first few years of the 21th century.  

Chaos ensued after the war that saw the colapse of the [[Florida-Caribbea|FC]] forces both within the country and around the region. Initally with the landing of the occupying forces of [[Louisianne]] and [[New_Francy|New Francy]], tensions have rose between factions of the Haytians, those agitating for restoration of a republic, and those agitating for a monarchy or royal rule.  The landing of [[Dessaline|DieuDonné III]], of the House Dessaline, former imperial rulers of Hayti brought a third idea of Imperium to the table, partially brokered by Ireland and the RTC.

[[France]] was involved in the occupation in early August, 2004, and joined under the auspices of Louisianne.  Current goals of the peace-keeping forces is to establish a peaceable country comprising the island, with Creole, French and Castellan as official languages under the name of the Empire of Saint-Domingue.

The peacekeeping forces still have to contend with not only armed militias of various alliegance but also with the aftermath of the recent natural disasters that crippled the reconstruction efforts.  It is still uncertain whether the Dessaline throne will be re-instated as it was previously, or if there will be changes, moving it more toward an RTC model.

[[Image:Saint-domingue.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Pre-referendum national flag, replaced in June of 2006.]]

[[Louisianne]] also brought in a team of [[Oregon|Oregonian]] peace keepers, who first served to broker the Internationl Ecotopic Park in the Central Massif of Hispaniola, and who are now working with other divisions within Hayti to aid in unification and restore the bio-diversity that was lost in recent war years.

[[Hérard Abraham]] has been recently appointed as the foreign minister for the Empire, and visited the [[NAL-SLC|NAL]] and [[Louisianne]] in spring of 2005.

While the consolidation effort has been greatly straightforward, there have been difficulties, among which are insurgencies in the north.  ''See [[Hayti Consolidation Maps|Maps]] detailing the consolidation of Hayti.''  This insurgency delayed the referendum until August of 2005.  The Referendum passed in near entirety, and it was expected that the Peacekeeping forces of France, Louisianne and Nouvelle-Francie would withdraw at least half their volume by the end of the year and in totality within the next 9 months, however the furocanos of 2005 were particularly heavy and all three entities have kept roughly two-thirds of their forces in the nation, however a full withdrawal is expected by the end of 2006.

==Geography==

With Low coastal regions and high central mountains, Saint-Domingue has a highly varied geography.  While much of the former Dominican Republic is heavily forested, the same forests have been decimated west of the former border.  This is being mitigated by the valiant efforts of the Oregonian Peace-Keepers who helped to create the Ecotopic Zone to protect the central forest and mountain ranges.

Because of this deforestation, the furacanos that have ravaged the region in the present and past years have been heavily felt in the former Haÿti.  The Emperor has engaged several of the Oregonian Peacekeepers as part of his Cabinet as Ministers of the Interior to help guide his island nation from the ecological disaster brought on by years of Floridian Resistance and Occupation.

&lt;!--
===Borders===
North: NORTHERN LIMITS.
West: WESTERN LIMITS.
South: SOUTHERN LIMITS
East: EASTERN LIMITS.

--&gt;
==Economy==

Due to the long war against Florida-Caribbea the former territories of Haÿti are among the poorest in the Hemisphere.  The joint [[Louisianne|Louisiannan]] and [[New Francy|NeoFrancien]] task force have taken great strides to enrich the country, both through technical training as well as financial investments.

The Dominican-Republic territories were fostered during this time, and there has been strong encouragement from the Emperor for Dominican Companies to open branch offices in the former Haÿti and begin employment there.

While these are good efforts, true economic recovery of devastated Haÿti will not be accomplished until sometime in the next decade, at the earliest.

==Culture==

===Languages===

The official languages of the island nation are French, Castellano, Haÿtian Creole (referred to commonly as ''creole'') and Patois, the ''lingua franca'' that has grown up in trading circles.

===Religion===

[[Catholicism|Latin Rite Catholicism]] is the state religion of the Empire of Saint-Domingue. The episcopal see is at Port-au-Prince. Many Saint-Domingans are also devotees of either [[Vodun]] or [[Santeria]].
&lt;!--
==See also==
LINK(S) TO EVENTUAL WEBSITE(S)
--&gt;
[[Category:Nations in North America]][[Category:Florida-Caribbea]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Comité National de l'Espace Louisiannais</title>
    <id>1045</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35582</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-29T22:14:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''La Comité Nationale de L'Espace Louisiannais''', or CNEL, is the national aerospace consortium of [[Louisianne]].  Louisianne uses a combined system, using a specially built Zeppelin to track the rocket in the air and a rocket to loft payload to a high enough altitude to acheive orbit.  The first attempt resulted in disaster, due to terrorist action by [[Deseret]] revolutionaries.  The subsequent attempts were successful.

CNEL and [[ATOE]] have also worked to develop a newer, more stable rocket, and have done so in the new ''Sarutahico 2''.  This rocket was successfully tested, and has been used subsequently to loft the first [[Japan]]ese-[[Louisianne|Louisiannan]] into space.

[[Category:Space Exploration]]
[[Category:Louisianne]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ATOE</title>
    <id>1046</id>
    <revision>
      <id>44174</id>
      <timestamp>2007-01-17T14:22:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sikulu</username>
        <id>44</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Goals */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox_Company |
  company_name   = Alliance Trans-Oceanique de l'Exploration de l'Espace, SA |
  company_logo   = [[Image:atoee.gif|100px|ATOE logo]] |
  company_type   = Supranational NGO|
  company_slogan = ''Plus loin que l'Infini!'', Further than the Infinite!|
  foundation     = 10 Aug 2004&lt;br&gt;22 Thermidor CCXII&lt;br&gt;Gacudai Gannen, Xitxigaçu 6|
  location       = [[Paris-sur-Mizouri]], Zone Capitale, [[Osage]]|
  key_people     = [[Jean-Louis Cattin]] and [[Fumihito, Prince Aquixino|Prince Aquixino]], Directors|
  num_employees  = 3,021|
  industry       = Space Exploration|
  products       = Rockets&lt;br \&gt;Artifical Satellites&lt;br \&gt;Human Space Flight&lt;br \&gt;|
  revenue        =&lt;!-- [[Image:green_up.png]]€1 million LE (''an CCXII'') &lt;br /&gt; (roughly equivalent to fiscal 2004)--&gt; Not-Applicable|
}}

The '''Transoceanic Alliance for the Exploration of Space''' was founded after protracted discussions between the governments of [[Louisianne]] and [[Japan]].  These discussions were initiated between the office of [[Jean-François Young]] and [[Empress Gacudai]].  After years of discussion and planning, ATOE was created 10 August, 2004 (22 Thermidor CCXII; Gacudai Gannen, Xitxigaçu 6) with the merger of the efforts of [[Louisianne]]'s [[CNEL]] and the Imperial Space Agency of [[Japan]].

==History==
As Louisianne's first major foray into the world of International Organizations, their efforts were viewed at first with some trepidation.  Public opinion of Japan was at times difficult to win over, but in the end, the deal was made.

Of this merger of space efforts, Jean-François Young said:

&quot;...We are not alone. We have friends and allies all over the world who share our devotion to freedom. May I cite as a symbol of traditional and effective friendship the great ally I am pleased to visit today— Japan. I have looked forward to my visit to Japan, and to my discussion with Her Majesty the Emperor, as a meeting of particular significance, permitting the kind of close and ranging consultation that will strengthen both our countries and serve the common purposes of world-wide peace and liberty.&quot;

&quot;It is with great pleasure that I announce the end of our negotiations with the Japanese, and the co-union of our space programs, and am pleased to unveil &lt;i&gt;Le Cygne&lt;/i&gt;’s sister ship, &lt;i&gt;Cumo Maru&lt;/i&gt;, which will be used in our ongoing space efforts. It was agreed upon by Her Majesty the Emperor and myself that this goal of attaining the honor of landing on the Moon for the Louisiannan and Japanese people should be achieved before the end of ten year’s time.&quot;

While ATOE flourished in its first few years of existence, there has been a significant structuring back of outlays following the death of Her Majesty the Emperor and President Young.  It is expected that ATOE will take more of a leading role in the space effort, but Louisianne will still remain an active partner.

==Goals==
The explicit goals of ATOE are: 

*1) Successfully launch human beings to space and return them to Earth.
*2) Establish and orbital base of operations to aid in exploration goals, and serve as a construction platform for deep space vessels.
*3) Build and Launch before the end of the decade a ship capable of safely transporting humans to study the moon and report on their findings.
*4) To learn of the Solar System at large and increase our knowledge of our surroundings.
*5) Share the knowledge gleaned for the betterment of humanity.

For full data on ATOE, please visit the [http://www.geocities.com/bo_arthur/atoe/index.html website].

ATOE-East launches from Tanegaxima, roughly 500 milles south of the main island.  ATOE-West launches from the plains of Louisianne, however, there is a search for a more southerly launch site.  News of a lease on the Isla Beata from [[Saint-Domingo]] suggest that this will be Louisianne's equatorial launch zone.

[[Category:Japan]]
[[Category:Louisianne]]
[[Category:Space Exploration]]
[[Category:Supranational Organizations]]
[[Category:Non-Governmental Organizations]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Japanese Measurements</title>
    <id>1047</id>
    <revision>
      <id>19490</id>
      <timestamp>2005-11-17T08:08:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">= Weights and Measures in Japan =

The [[Japan| Empire of Japan]] uses a hybrid of traditional measurements and the [[SI]].  The basic SI units are familiar to most Japanese.  As with everything, there are Japanese and [[Corea| Corean]] names.  The xò/so and dai/tai prefixes on some units are dropped in general usage, except in xòbicoru/sotam

&lt;b&gt;Linear measure&lt;/b&gt;
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Wali/Huari&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#21644;&amp;#37324;               = 25 Daitxò      = 2.5 MILLE          [3.70 km, 2.30 mi] 
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Saili/Seri&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#35199;&amp;#37324;               = 10 Daitxò      = 1 MILLE            [1.48 km, .925 mi]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Daitxò/Taijeñ&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#22823;&amp;#30010;            = 50 Djò         = 100 PASSI          [148 m, 485 ft]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Djò/Chañ&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#19976;                   = 10 Xacu        = 2 PASSI            [296 cm, 9'8.5&quot;]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Quen/Kan&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#38291;                   = 6 Xacu         = 1.2 PASSI          [177.6 cm, 5'9.9&quot;] 
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Hiro/Sim&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#23563;                   = 5 Xacu         = 1 PASSUS           [148 cm, 4'10.3&quot;]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Cudjira Xacu/Kieñ Chhek&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#39912;&amp;#23610;  = 1.25 Xacu      = 1.25 PEDES         [37.0 cm, 1'2.625&quot;]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Xacu/Chhek&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#23610;                 = 12 Saisun      = 1 PES              [29.6 cm, 11.7&quot;]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Wasun/Huachhon&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#21644;&amp;#23544;           = 1.2 Saisun     = 1.2 UNCIAE         [2.96 cm, 1.17&quot;]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Saisun/Sechhon&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#35199;&amp;#23544;           = 12 Bu          = 1 UNCIA            [2.467cm, .971&quot;]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Bu/Pun&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#20998;                     = 10 Lin         = 1 DOCICULA         [2.06mm, .0809&quot;]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Lin/I&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#21400;                      = 10 Mò          = 160 UNCICULAE      [206 µm, .00809&quot;]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Mò/Mo&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#27611;                      = 16 Xi          = 16 UNCICULAE       [20.6 µm, .000809&quot;]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Xi/Sa&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#31992;                                       = 1 UNCICULA         [1.28 µm, .0000506&quot;]
The Xacu was originally slightly larger, at 30.3 cm, and the original Txò was 36 Djò (Dai- = big), with 36 Djò in a Li.  The Li was thus slightly larger than the current Wali.  Those two were altered to fit with SI better.  Saili is literally &quot;Western &lt;i&gt;li&lt;/i&gt;&quot;, in contrast with Wali &quot;Japanese &lt;i&gt;li&lt;/i&gt;&quot;.  A decimal progression was originally used below the xacu (the &lt;i&gt;wasun&lt;/i&gt; still preserving that)

&lt;b&gt;Area&lt;/b&gt;
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Txò(bu)/Cheñ(bo)&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#30010;(&amp;#27497;)       = 10 Tan         = 3.75 JUGERA        [.946 ha, 2.33 ac]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Tan/Pan&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#21453;                    = 10 Se          = 4.5 UNCIAGRIA      [946 sq. m, .233 ac]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Se/Mu&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#30045;                      = 30 Çubo        = 9/20 UNCIAGRIUM    [94.6 sq. m, 113 sq yd]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Bu/Po&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#27497;                      = 1 Çubo         = 3/200 UNCIAGRIUM   [3.15 sq. m, 3.77 sq yd]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Çubo/Phieñ&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#22378;                 = 10 Gò          = 3/200 UNCIAGRIUM   [3.15 sq. m, 3.77 sq yd] &lt;-- 1x1 Quen
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Gò/Hap&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#21512;                     = 10 Xacu        = 3/2000 UNCIAGRIUM  [3150 sq. cm, 3.393 sq ft]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Xacu/Chhek&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#23610;                                  = 3/20000 UNCIAGRIUM [315 sq. cm, 48.86 sq in]

&lt;b&gt;Weight&lt;/b&gt;
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Bicoru/Tam&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#25812;                 = 18 Can         = 3 TALENTES         [58.9 kg, 137 lb]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Xòbicoru/Sodam&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#23569;&amp;#25812;           = 6 Can          = 1 TALENS           [19.62 kg, 45.6 lb]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Can/Kuan&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#23515;                   = 960 momme       = 10 LIBRAE          [3.27 kg, 7.6 lb]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Quin/Kyn&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#26020;                   = 160 momme      = 1 2/3 LIBRAE       [545 g, 1.20 lb]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Hiacume/Paiñmok&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#30334;&amp;#30446;          = 96 momme       = 1 LIBRA            [327 g, .76 lb]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Hatxime/Palmok&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#20843;&amp;#30446;           = 8 Momme        = 1 UNCIA            [27.25 g, .961 oz]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Momme/Mun&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#21249;                                   = 1 DRACHMA          [3.41 g]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Fun/Phun&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#20998;                   = 1/10 Momme     = 6 GRANA            [341 mg]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Lin/I&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#21400;                      = 1/60 Momme     = 1 GRANUM           [56.8 mg]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Mò/Mo&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#27611;                      = 1/600 Momme    = .1 GRANUM          [5.68 mg]

The Can and Momme are the standard units for giving weights.  The Xòbicoru and Hatxime were created to match SI units.  In addition, the Hiacume was originally 100 momme, the Can 1000 momme, the Lin 1/100 Momme (1/10 fun), and the Mò 1/1000 momme (1/10 lin).  The momme was historically a bit larger, at 3.75 g.  The Bicoru was originally 100 Quin (an old weight equal to 160 momme; thus 16 can to the bicoru), slightly larger (by about 2%) than the modern value, due to the higher value of the old momme

&lt;b&gt;Volume&lt;/b&gt;
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Cocu/Sek&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#30707;                   = 7  Saito       = 7 AMPHORAE         [181 l, 47.9 gal]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;To/Du&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#26007;                      = 12 Saixò       = 1 AMPHORA          [25.92 l, 6.847 gal]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Xò/Syñ&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#21319;                     = 12 Gò          = 4 SEXTARII         [2.16 l, 2.28 qt]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Gò/Hap&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#21512;                     = 12 Xòxacu      = 12 UNCIAE          [180 ml, 6.1 oz]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Xòxacu/Sojak&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#23569;&amp;#21242;             = 8 Fun          = 1 UNCIA            [15 ml, .51 oz]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Fun/Phun&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#20998;                   = 10 Lin         = 1 DRACHMA          [1.875 ml]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Lin/I&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#21400;                      = 6 Sun          = 6 GUTTAE           [.188 ml]
 1 &lt;nowiki&gt;Sun/Chhon&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#23544;                                   = 1 GUTTA            [.03 ml]
The original &lt;i&gt;xacu&lt;/i&gt; was 1/10 gò.  It was altered to better conform with SI's small units.  The gò is very nearly the same as in the old system.  Originally, volume was purely decimal, with each unit being 10 times the preceding unit.  Relative values have been altered to approach SI values, the sun (almost twice its historic value) and to (44% larger than its historic value) being the most altered.  The unusual ratio between the cocu and the to being due to the fact that the historic cocu was equal to 6 17/18 amphorae.

&lt;b&gt;Temperature&lt;/b&gt;

Japan uses the Celsius scale, i.e., freezing point of water is 0, boiling point of water at sea level is 60.  The scale is called &amp;#25666;&amp;#27663;, Sexxi in Japanese, and Sepssi in Corean.

[[Category:Japan]]
[[Category:Science and Technology]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Meidjirequi</title>
    <id>1048</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41615</id>
      <timestamp>2006-08-29T19:13:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Years */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">The '''Meidji Calendar''', or Meidjirequi (明治暦), Mieñjiriek in Corean is the calendar in use in the [[Japan|Empire of Japan]].  It was devised by [[Emperor Meidji]], hence the name.  At the time, it was called simply Nipponrequi (日本暦, Japanese Calendar).  The calendar took effect with the year Meidji 8 (1875).  The Meidjirequi is based on the traditional six-day week, the ''rocuyò'', preserved in [[Japan]]:

:先勝 Senxò/Sensyñ
:友引 Tomobiqui/Uin
:先負 Semmaque/Senbu
:仏滅 Buçumeçu/Pulmiel
:大安 Taian/Taian
:赤口 Xaccu/Chekku

Unlike the Western week, however, the ''rocuyò'' is tied to the months.  Every month begins with a specific day.  The 5th, 6th, 11th, 12th, 17th, 18th, 23rd, 24th, 29th, and 30th are treated as weekends in Japan.

The year begins on February 4 in the Gregorian calendar.  Months are either 30 or 31 days, with the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 8th, and 11th months being 31 days, and the rest being 30 days.  In leap years, the last month becomes 31 days.  Leap years are multiples of 4, counting from the traditional founding of the Japanese Empire by Djimmu in 660 BC (thus, for example, 2004 is equivalent to 2664).  Leap years are, therefore, the same years as in the Gregorian calendar.  Multiples of 128, again in the Djimmu-based chronology, are exceptions.  As it turns out, the year AD 1900 (2560) was a non-leap year in both calendars.  However, in the Gregorian year 2028, the calendar will lose a day relative to the Gregorian calendar, starting on February 3.

==Months==
The first days of each month in the Gregorian calendar.  In leap years, all the months after itxigaçu are moved back 1 day, thus Nigaçu starts March 6 rather than March 7.
:一月 Itxigaçu/Iluel: February 4 (Senxò)
:二月 Nigaçu/Iuel: March 7 (Tomobiqui)
:三月 Sañgaçu/Samuel: April 6 (Semmaque)
:四月 Xigaçu/Sauel: May 7 (Buçumuçu)
:五月 Gogaçu/Ouel: June 6 (Taian)
:六月 Rocugaçu/Iuguel: July 6 (Xaccu)
:七月 Xitxigaçu/Chiluel: August 6 (Senxò)
:八月 Hatxigaçu/Phaluel: September 5 (Tomobiqui)
:九月 Cugaçu/Kuuel: October 6 (Semmaque)
:十月 Djùgaçu/Sibuel: November 5 (Buçumuçu)
:十一月 Djùitxigaçu/Sibiluel: December 5 (Taian)
:十二月 Djùnigaçu/Sibiuel: January 5 (Xaccu)

All of these months have nicknames, some having several.  For example, the third month is known, in Japanese, as Sacurazuqui (Cherry Blossom Month), as it is in that month that cherry trees bloom.  The tenth month is often called Cannazuqui (Godless Month), from an ancient belief that in the tenth month, the gods all gather in one place to discuss the affairs of mankind during the next year.  Thus, that is the month when the gods are inaccessible.  However, the nicknames are uncommon in modern times.

==Some important holidays==
1/1: New Year's&lt;br&gt;
2/8: [[Corea]]n Constitution Day&lt;br&gt;
3/2: Candjiqui/Hansik&lt;br&gt;
3/3: Girls' Day&lt;br&gt;
3/24: Love of Nature Day (originally [[Emperor Xòwa]]'s birthday, designated in Saisei 16; generally celebrated on the 25th)&lt;br&gt;
4/8: Buddha's Birthday (Hana maçuli)&lt;br&gt;
4/18: Tennò Tandjòbi/Chenuañ Thansaiñil - [[Emperor Xigehito|Emperor]]'s birthday&lt;br&gt;
4/19: formerly [[Empress Gacudai|Emperor]]'s birthday&lt;br&gt;
5/4: Imperial Constitution Day&lt;br&gt;
5/5: Boys' Day - celebrated 5/7&lt;br&gt;
5/8: Reunification Day (day that [[Ezo]] was formally reunited with [[Japan]])&lt;br&gt;
7/7: Tanabata&lt;br&gt;
8/13-15: Obon/Chhusek&lt;br&gt;
8/28: Corean Foundation Day&lt;br&gt;
9/10: Hangyl Day&lt;br&gt;
9/29: Culture Day - Originally the birthday of [[Emperor Meidji]] (generally celebrated on the 28th)&lt;br&gt;
11/27: Empire Day - Originally the birthday of [[Emperor Saisei]]&lt;br&gt;
12/6: [[Lùquiù]] Day (celebrated Lùquiù's admission to the Empire)- usually celebrated 12/7&lt;br&gt;

==Years==
Years are numbered according to eras.  In modern times, eras are equal to the reign of an Emperor.  Eras of the modern era are:
:明治 Meidji/Mieñji 1868-1906
:大正 Taixò/Thaijeñ 1906-1922
:後明治 Gomeidji/Humieñji 1922-1933
:昭和 Xòwa/Sohua 1933-1952
:再生 Saisei/Chaisaiñ 1952-2004
:学代 Gacudai/Haktai 2004-2006
:魂才 Consai/Honjai 2006-
Years are named by giving the era name followed by the number of the year within that era, thus, 1873 = Meidji 6.  The first year of an era is known as ''Gannen/Uennien'' (元年).  Thus, for example, the year 2004 is Gacudai Gannen or Haktai Uennien.

Prior to the Meiji era, years were commonly given in terms of the &quot;Edo Era&quot;, marking the reign of the Tocugawa shoguns, considered to have begun in 1603.  However, government documents used the traditional era system, which, at the time, was divorced from imperial reigns.  The eras during the preceding two emperors' reigns (giving the first years of each era):
:'''120. 仁孝 Niñcò 1817-1846''' (Buñca 13-Còca 3)
::文化 Buñca 1804
::文政 Bunsei 1818
::天保 Tempò 1830
::弘化 Còca 1844
:'''121. 孝明 Còmei 1846-1867''' (Còca 3-Guendji 4)
::嘉永 Caei 1848
::安政 Ansei 1854
::万延 Mañen 1860
::文久 Buñquiù 1861
::元治 Guendji 1864

Eras were innaugurated by Emperors, though a few Emperors began no eras, for example, in the case of the female Emperor Meixò, who reigned from 1629 until 1643, her entire reign was part of the Cañei era, which was begun in 1624 by her father Gomizuno'o, and ended in 1644 when her successor and half-brother Gocòmiò started the Xòhò era.

[[Category:Japan]]
[[Category:Calendar Systems]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Point of Divergence</title>
    <id>1049</id>
    <revision>
      <id>51625</id>
      <timestamp>2008-07-08T02:38:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Benkarnell</username>
        <id>190</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>Add to 1550s entry</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">In discussion of [[Alternate History|counterfactual history]], a '''Point of Divergence''' (POD) is a historical event, with two or more possible postulated outcomes. Typically these represent the actual course of historical events (Napoleon lost the Battle of Waterloo) and another, such as Napoleon won the Battle of Waterloo. In alternative history fiction like [[Ill Bethisad]], the POD is used as the starting point for the extrapolation. 

Unlike most other alternate histories, however, Ill Bethisad consist of a large number of PODs. This is partly due to the large number of participants in the project, most of whom use a fixed moment in their local history to diverge from. Also typical for Ill Bethisad is the existence of '''Points of Convergence''', i.e. moments following a Point of Divergence where alternate history and &quot;real&quot; history come together again, thus allowing for a new Point of Divergence at some later stage.

The presence of a POD does not necessarily exclude the possibility that certain things were different before that. Important in a POD is that it essentially causes history to take a different course; differences preceding it are possible under the condition that they had no significant influence on the course of history, although they may contain the gems for elements that will play an important role later.


Even after the POD, history often takes a road parallel (but not similar) to ours in Ill Bethisad. Many important events that occurred *here* have a counterpart *there*; how big the similarities and the differences are may vary.

Below follows a list of the points of divergence used in IB.  ''This list is probably incomplete.''

----
;135
:The Roman emperor Hadrian swamps [[Judea]] with Roman colonists after defeating Bar Kochba, creating a hybrid culture.
;175
:The Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius conquered [[Bohemia|Boiohaemia]] and Sarmantia and prepared ground for romanisation of [[Eastern Europe]].
;4th century
: The Romanized Slavic population of northern Pannonia remains in place.  Divergence is not great before the 19th century, but the area is never Slavicized, so that a Romance language, {{SLVL}}, is spoken there now.
;5th century
:Initial POD of [[Armorica]] King Graedlan's (Gratilanus) youngest son, Salomon converts to [[An Graveth|paganism]] and leads an emigration of Gaulish-speaking pagans to the islands off Armorica's north coast.
;1418
:Roman king Sigismund of Luxembourg forced by power Catholic Church during the Council of Konstanz to solve its contemporary problems (schisma, heresis). He thus became Roman Emperor 1419.
;1468
:King [[Henry IV of Castile and Leon|Enrique IV]] of [[Monarchs of Castile and Leon|Castile and Leon]]'s brother Alfonso does not die.  [[Monarchs of Castile and Leon|Alfonso]] succedes Enrique in [[Castile and Leon]], preventing the unification of Spain under [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] and Alfonso's syster Isabella.
;1492&amp;ndash;1497
: Initial POD of [[Mueva Sefarad]].  Jews expelled from the nations of the Iberian peninsula.  Due to continued Christian-Muslim warfare in the Mediterranean basin, they are left with no choice but to sail westwards into the Atlantic, eventually discovering and settling what would eventually be [[Mueva Sefarad]] (*here*'s Newfoundland).
;1527
:János I. Szapolyai became rightfull king of Hungary.
;c. 1550
: The king of [[Henua]] (Easter Island) declares a ''tapu'', or exclusive royal right of exploitation, on nearly all of the island's remaining forests, many of the springs, and all terrestrial birds, while maintaining the old ''tapu'' on sea turtles, sea mammals, and fishing around the island of [[Motu Motiro Hiva]].  Wide implications not only for Henua, but for the Americas as well because of the [[Pacific Trade Network]].
;1569
: Initial point of departure for Alta California and Montrei. Settlement of Alta California begins. Settlement slow, but proceeds due to Castillian fears of foreign invasion of their lands.
;1583
:Roman Emperor Rudolph II. has married Isabel Clara Eugenia de Aragon y Navarra (daughter of Phillip I. of Aragon) and they had son Maxmillian.
;1588
:A new Austro-Bohemo-Dalmatian Monarchy was created after resignation of the last Dalmatian ruler Agafon and unification of Dalmatia with Habsburgian realm in [[Eastern Europe]].
;1600
:Tocugawa Ieyasu of [[Japan]] converts to Christianity (later mostly converges)
;1612
:After defeat of throne usurpator Mathias of Habsburg, Bohemian Kingdom became independent under rule of Rudolph II. Habsburg. Mathias became King of Austro-Dalmatia.
;1660
:As a consequence of the absence of the Thirty Years War in IB, the Scanian Wars don't take place, so Eastern Denmark (Scania, Halland, and Blekinge), and Eastern Norway (Jamtland and Harjedalen) are not lost to Sweden. Also, there was no incentive to introduce an absolute monarchy in any of the [[Scandinavian Realm|Scandinavian]] kingdoms. Though Sweden did become a hereditary monarchy, Denmark remained an elected monarchy. (Norway was already a hereditary monarchy before the Kalmar Union).
;1684
:Initial [[Louisianne|Louisiannan]] POD. La Salle did not get misguided and land the French colony in [[Tejas| Texas]], instead, landed in *here's* Mississippi and thus was not destroyed by the Indians, giving French Louisiannan Colonizaitons a headstart.
;1690-1700
:Louisiannan settlements of La Salle, Baie de Biloxi and Baie de Mobile are not starved and grow strong, unlike *here*.  This is the Primary POD between *here* and *there* for [[Louisianne]]: the Colony flourished instead of died.
;1702
:[[England]] captures San Augustín in present-day [[East Florida]], soon afterwards annexes [[Florida]]
;1735
:[[Tejas]] initial POD, Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne is elevated to Princehood and marries daughter of Louis XV.
;1763
:As a consequence of the absence of the 7 Years War in IB, the north-eastern part of the [[France| French]] empire in North America is not conquered.
;1792
:Because of the execution of the king during the french revolution, the Intendancy of [[New_Francy|New Francy]], break off relations with [[France]].
;1795
:Central POD for the [[Republic of the Two Crowns]]: King G&amp;#x142;orzan II dethroned. This prevents the '''Third Partition of the RTC''' from happening, and as a result, the union between [[Veneda]] and [[Lithuania]] survives until today.
;1805
:Main POD for [[Germany]]: Instead of dissolving the Holy Roman Empire, [[Napoleon]] assumes the title of Grand Duke of [[Luxemburg]] and, based on that title, secures his own election as Holy Roman Emperor.
;1809
:Central POD for the [[Scandinavian Realm]] - As a consequence of Scandinavia's non-involvement in the Napoleonic episode, Bernadotte is not elected to become the king of Sweden. Instead, Sweden goes into personal union with Denmark-Norway.
:Invaded by the French and the Aragonese, the king king [[Alfonso XIV of Castile and Leon]] fleed to the [[New Kingdom of Granada]].  King Pedro of Portugal is imprissoned.  This eventually leads to the decolonization of Ibero-American colonies.
;1814
:Central POD for &lt;b&gt;Malta and the Order of St. John&lt;/b&gt; - The Order of St John gains back the island of [[Malta]].
;1830 (ca)
:Central POD, [[Tejas]]. Descendant of Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne and Louis XV daughter marries Karl Fuersten zu Solms-Braunfels, which causes creation of Kingdom of Tejas.
;1831
:Primary POD, Mormons.  Mormons are granted (and actually given) peaceful habitation rights in [[Louisianne]].
;1845
:Secondary POD, Mormons.  Because of lack of persecution, Emma Smith remains with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and the Reorganized CJCLDS is not created.
;1858
:Central POD for [[Japan]]: Opening by [[Montrei]], deviation starts off slow, but gradually grows
;1918
:Central POD for [[Russia]]: the Bolsheviks are defeated by the White Armies. This is the beginning of seventy years of [[SNOR]] rule.

[[Category:Operating Parameters]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Japanese Nobility</title>
    <id>1050</id>
    <revision>
      <id>21336</id>
      <timestamp>2005-11-29T22:33:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">The present system of noble ranks in [[Japan]] was established by [[Emperor Meidji]] in Meidji 17 (1884), merging the former court nobility and daimiò classes, into a new class called ''cazocu'' (華族), literally &quot;flowery lineage&quot;, and dividing them into a 5-fold system modelled on the [[Federated Kingdoms|FK]] peerage:

公爵 Còxacu - Duke or Prince&lt;br&gt;
侯爵 Còxacu - Marquis&lt;br&gt;
伯爵 Hacuxacu - Count&lt;br&gt;
子爵 Xixacu - Viscount&lt;br&gt;
男爵 Danxacu - Baron

Only the actual holder of a title is considered part of the peerage, and titles are passed along a strict male line of descent.  However, nobles may adopt from other branches of their family, other noble families, or the [[Japanese Imperial Family|Imperial Family]] in the event that there is no heir.  Any member of the top two ranks is automatically a member of the House of Peers, if he or she is at least 30 years of age.  The lower three ranks elect representatives to to the House.

In addition, the former royal house of [[Corea]] was granted a special status, òzocu (royal lineage) below the Imperial House but above the peerage.  They use the title taicòxacu (&quot;Grand Prince&quot;), limited since Saisei 12 (1963) to the male-line descendants of King Kojoñ.

There are currently 25 princes, 50 marquis, 137 counts, 429 viscounts, and 873 barons, for a total of 1514 peers.  A law passed in Saisei 8 (1959) set an upper limit on the number of princes and marquis, so that no new princes or marquis can be created unless a line becomes extinct.

The highest rank, ''còxacu'', is usually referred to as &quot;Prince&quot;, distinguished from ò/nio'ò and xinnò/naixinnò when necessary by using &quot;Non-Imperial Prince(ss)&quot;, &quot;Minor Imperial Prince(ss)&quot;, and &quot;Prince(ss) of the Blood&quot; (the last two collectively &quot;Imperial Princes&quot;).  The first term is not necessary when referring to an individual, as non-imperial princes have surnames, while imperial princes do not.

The House of Peers is currently constituted of:&lt;br&gt;
#All imperial princes and princesses over the age of 20
#All royal princes and princesses over the age of 20
#All royal princes and princess over the age of 25
#All non-imperial princes and marquis over the age of 30
#18 counts (elected by the counts, serving for 6-year terms)
#66 viscounts (elected by the viscounts, serving for 6-year terms)
#66 barons (elected by the barons, serving for 6-year terms)
#210 additional members appointed by the Emperor (serving for 6-year terms).

A total of ? members.  The terms of the last four categories are staggered, with new members chosen every year (thus, 3 counts elected every year, 11 viscounts, 11 barons, and 35 additional members appointed by the Emperor)

Note: The last category represents a merger of two earlier categories, 150 members appointed by the Emperor, and 66 elected representatives of the 6,000 highest tax-payers.  By now, Imperial appointment has become effectively symbolic.  Every [[Subdivisions of Japan|region and province]], as well as the Republic of [[Ezo]] and the Kingdom of [[Lùquiù]], has 12 representatives, chosen by their governments, in some cases after a popular election, thus adding a democratic element to the House of Peers.

[[Category:Japan]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Japanese currency</title>
    <id>1051</id>
    <revision>
      <id>44760</id>
      <timestamp>2007-03-19T00:18:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''[[Currency]] in the [[Japan|Empire]]''' consists of several linked currencies using cognate names.

== Yamato and Ezo ==
The currency units in [[Yamato]] and [[Ezo]] are: 1 lò (両) = 16 xu (朱) = 400 fun (分).  Prices are given in the format 1両1朱1分 or 1L 1x 1f.

The modern currency got its start with the New Coinage Act of Meidji 4 (1871), which pegged the then-circulating ryoh (as it was romanized the time) to the commonly-circulating Spanish Dollar at the rate of 3 ryoh to 4 dollars and fixed the exchange rate between the formerly gold-bsaed ryoh and the silver monme at 40 monme to the ryoh.  The monme at the time was further subdivided into 10 fun or 100 rin (''lin'' in modern romanization).  In addition, there were small copper coins known as ''mon'' worth 10,000 to the ryoh.  These were abolished as a currency, with the ''rin'' as the smallest unit.

Prior to the [[Japanese Civil War|Civil War]], a number of denominations were issued in paper, from 1 ryoh to 100 ryoh.  During the Civil War, smaller banknotes were produced, in denominations of 1 xu, 2 xu, 1 bu (4 xu), and 2 bu (8 xu).  The ryoh suffered significant inflation during the War and its aftermath, with bills as high as 10,000 ryoh issued.  The currency was revalued after the economy restabilized at the rate of 5 lò (as it was now romanized) to the pound.

Yamato's mints are located in Òsaca, [[Edo]], and [[Hiroxima]] (the Hiroxima mint was originally founded to mint trade coinage, and coinage for Japanese dependencies, today it's primarily used for coinage for the [[Micronesian Confederation]] and [[Meidji-dò]] plus commemorative coins).  Òsaca is the main branch.  Banknotes are produced in Òsaca and Edo.  [[Ezo]]'s coins and banknotes are produced in Sapporo.

{|{{Prettytable}}
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|'''Japan''' ||'''Meidji-dò''' || '''Commonwealth Equivalent'''
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|1 Lò''' || 16/- || 4/-
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|1 Xu''' || 1 Peseta || 3d
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|1 Fun || .48 Sen || .12d
|}

=== Circulating Coins of Yamato and Ezo ===
{| border = 1 rules = rows width = 100%
|-
| colspan = 9 align = center | '''Circulating coins''' 
|-
| '''Coin'''
| '''Value'''
| '''Composition'''
| '''Mass'''
| '''Obverse'''
| '''Reverse'''
| '''Diameter&lt;br&gt;(Or dimensions)'''
| '''Thickness'''
| '''[[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]]&lt;br&gt;[[Currency of the Commonwealth of Nations|Equivalent]]'''
|- bgcolor=silver
| Lò
| 1 Lò
| 20 suc silver
| 7 dr 20 gr
| Stylized map of the Empire&lt;br&gt;一両 (One Lò) horizontal
| Dragon; &quot;1 Lò&quot;
| 1 uc 7 dc
| 1 dc
| 4/-
|- bgcolor=silver
| Half-Lò
| 8 Xu
| 20 suc silver
| 3 dr 40 gr
| 半両 (Half Lò) between two [[wikipedia:Fenghuang|Chinese Phoenixis]]
| Dragon; &quot;½ Lò&quot;
| 1 uc 1 dc 14 lc
| 15 lc
| 2/-
|- bgcolor=silver
| Bu
| 4 Xu
| 20 suc silver
| 1 dr 50 gr
| 四朱 (4 Xu)
| Several cherry blossoms; &quot;4 Xu&quot;
| 1 uc (height)&lt;br&gt;6 dc 14 lc (width)
| 13¾ lc
| 1/-
|- bgcolor=silver
| Half-Bu
| 2 Xu
| 20 suc silver
| 55 gr
| Paulownia; 二朱 (Two Xu)
| Intricate vine pattern; &quot;2 Xu&quot;
| 10 dc (height)&lt;br&gt;6 dc 4 lc (width)
| 9 lc
| 6d
|- bgcolor=silver
| Xu
| 25 Fun
| 18 suc copper&lt;br&gt;6 suc nickel
| 1 dr
| 一朱 (One Xu)
| Mount Fuji; &quot;1 Xu&quot; 
| 8 dc 10¼ lc
| 12 lc
| 3d
|- bgcolor=silver
| Cò† (2004-2005)
| rowspan=2|10 Fun
| rowspan=2|18 suc copper&lt;br&gt;6 suc nickel
| rowspan=2|45 gr
| [[Naruhito, Prince Hiro]]&lt;br&gt;浩宮 (Hiro-no-miya)
| 十分 (20 Fun); &quot;10 Fun&quot;
| rowspan=2|8 dc 3 lc
| rowspan=2|10 lc
| rowspan=2|1.2d
|- bgcolor=silver
| Cò (2006- )
| 十分 (10 Fun)
| Ear of rice; &quot;10 Fun&quot;
|- bgcolor=#b87333
| Monme†
| 10 Fun
| 15 suc copper&lt;br&gt;9 suc zinc
| 1 dr 6 gr
| 十分 (10 Fun)
| &quot;10 Fun&quot;
| 10 dc 11¼ lc(outer)&lt;br&gt;2 dc 7 lc(hole)
| 11¾ lc
| 1.2d
|- bgcolor=silver
| Half-Monme
| 5 Fun
| 15 suc copper&lt;br&gt;9 suc zinc
| 
| 半匁 (½ monme)
| Young tree; &quot;5 Fun&quot;
| 9 dc 10½ lc
| 9 lc
| .6d
|- bgcolor=silver
| Fun
| 1 Fun
| Aluminium
| 10 gr
| 一分 (1 Fun)
| Sunburst; &quot;1 Fun&quot;
| 7 dc 7¾ lc
| 10 lc
| .48f
|}
Notes:&lt;br&gt;
†The monme was discontinued in Saisei 53 (2004), at the same time that the Cò was introduced.

The obverse is determined by the side that has the chrysanthemum seal on it (small, unless otherwise noted).  The reverse of all coins bears the date and the legend 大日本 (Great Japan).  Candji values are generally written vertically, unless otherwise stated.

=== Bullion Coins of Yamato and Ezo ===
In addition to the coins listed before, the Imperial Japanese Mint also produces gold coins for bullion.  They are technically legal tender, but trade for many times higher than face value, depending on the current market value of gold.

{| border = 1 rules = rows width = 100%
|-
| colspan = 9 align = center | '''Bullion coins''' 
|-
| '''Coin'''
| '''Face Value'''
| '''Composition'''
| '''Mass'''
| '''Gold Content'''
| '''Obverse'''
| '''Reverse'''
| '''Diameter'''
| '''Thickness'''
|- bgcolor=gold
| Meidji
| 20 Lò
| 20 suc gold
| 1 uc 3 dr
| 1 uc 1 dr 10 gr
| 
| Map of Empire
| 
| 
|- bgcolor=gold
| Half-Meidji
| 10 Lò
| 20 suc gold
| 5 dr 30 gr
| 4 dr 35 gr
| 
| 
| 
| 
|- bgcolor=gold
| Quarter-Meidji
| 5 Lò
| 20 suc gold
| 2 dr 45 gr
| 2 dr 17½ gr
| 
| 
| 
| 
|}

=== Banknotes of Yamato and Ezo ===
{| border = 1 rules = rows width = 100%
|-
| colspan = 5 align = center | '''Banknotes in circulation''' 
|-
| '''Value'''
| '''Dominant Color'''
| '''Front'''
| '''Back'''
| '''Dimensions'''&lt;br&gt;(dociculae)
|- bgcolor=#FFFC77
| 2½ Lò
| Yellow
| Yasucuni Shrine
| Mount Fuji, Cherry Blossoms
| 30 x 50
|- bgcolor=#FFD595
| 5 Lò
| Light Orange
| Lady Murasaqui Xiquibu
| Scene from ''The Tale of Gendji''
| 35 x 60
|- bgcolor=#FF8000
| 10 Lò
| Orange
| [[Ii Naosuque]]
| Imperial Parliament Building
| 40 x 70
|- bgcolor=#CAFFCA
| 25 Lò
| Pale Green
| Prince Xòtocu
| Imperial Palace
| 45 x 80
|- bgcolor=#45E2A4
| 50 Lò
| Green
| [[Itò Hirobumi]]
| 
| 50 x 85
|- bgcolor=#CAFBFF
| 100 Lò
| Pale Blue
| [[Wikipedia:Sugawara no Michizane|Sugawara no Mitxizane]]
| [[Wikipedia:Dazaifu Tenman-gū|Dazaifu Temmañgù]]
| 55 x 95
|- bgcolor=#A8F7FD
| 250 Lò
| Blue
| [[Wikipedia:Fujiwara no Kamatari|Fudjiwara no Camatali]]
| 
| 60 x 100
|- bgcolor=#E1AEFF
| 500 Lò
| Light Purple
| 
| 
| 65 x 110
|- bgcolor=#EA8BFE
| 1000 Lò
| Purple
| [[Wikipedia:Daikokuten|Daicocu]]
| 
| 70 x 120
|}

The curent series of banknotes (2½ lò to 250 lò) was introduced in 1994, and is produced from a polymer compound.  Previous series used paper.  500 and 1000 lò are no longer produced, but remain legal tender.  100 and 250 lò are uncommon, but seen from time to time in large purchases.

In addition to the preceding denominations, notes of 100,000 and 1,000,000 lò are produced to back notes produced by subsidary banks of the Japanese Currency Union.  These notes are a pale blue with abstract geometric designs.

== Corea ==
The currency units in [[Corea]] are 1 iañ (両) = 16 chu (朱) = 640 phun (分).

Corea's mints are located in [[Kieñseñ]] and Phieñiañ.

=== Corean Circulating Coins ===
{| border = 1 rules = rows width = 100%
|-
| colspan = 9 align = center | '''Circulating coins''' 
|-
| '''Coin'''
| '''Value'''
| '''Composition'''
| '''Mass'''
| '''Obverse'''
| '''Reverse'''
| '''Diameter&lt;br&gt;(Or dimensions)'''
| '''Thickness'''
| '''[[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]]&lt;br&gt;[[Currency of the Commonwealth of Nations|Equivalent]]'''
|- bgcolor=silver
| Iañ
| 1 Iañ
| 20 suc silver
| 7 dr 20 gr
| Stylized map of the Empire&lt;br&gt;一両 (One Yañ) horizontal
| Two dragons; &quot;1 Yañ&quot;
| 1 uc 7 dc
| 1 dc
| 4/-
|- bgcolor=silver
| Half-Iañ
| 8 Chu
| 20 suc silver
| 3 dr 40 gr
| 
| Two dragons; &quot;½ Yañ&quot;
| 1 uc 1 dc 14 lc
| 15 lc
| 2/-
|- bgcolor=silver
| Pu
| 4 Chu
| 20 suc silver
| 1 dr 50 gr
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1/-
|- bgcolor=silver
| Half-Pu
| 2 Chu
| 20 suc silver
| 55 gr
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 6d
|- bgcolor=silver
| Chu
| 25 Phun
| 18 suc copper&lt;br&gt;6 suc nickel
| 1 dr
| 
| 
| 8 dc 10¼ lc
| 12 lc
| 3d
|- bgcolor=silver
| Ho† (2004-2005)
| rowspan=2|20 Phun
| rowspan=2|18 suc copper&lt;br&gt;6 suc nickel
| rowspan=2|45 gr
| 
| 
| rowspan=2|8 dc 3 lc
| rowspan=2|10 lc
| rowspan=2|1.2d
|- bgcolor=silver
| Ho (2006-2007)
| 
| 
|- bgcolor=#b87333
| Monme†
| 10 Phun
| 15 suc copper&lt;br&gt;9 suc zinc
| 1 dr 6 gr
| 
| 
| 10 dc 11¼ lc(outer)&lt;br&gt;2 dc 7 lc(hole)
| 11¾ lc
| 1.2d
|- bgcolor=silver
| Half-Mun
| 5 Phun
| Aluminium
| 15 gr
| 
| 
| 9 dc 10½ lc
| 9 lc
| .6d
|- bgcolor=silver
| Phun
| 1 Phun
| Aluminium
| 10 gr
| 
| 
| 7 dc 7¾ lc
| 10 lc
| .48f
|}
Notes:&lt;br&gt;
†The Monme was discontinued in Saisei 53 (2004), at the same time that the Ho was introduced, but revived in Còsan 2 (2007), with the Ho discontinued

=== Corean Bullion Coins ===
{| border = 1 rules = rows width = 100%
|-
| colspan = 9 align = center | '''Bullion coins''' 
|-
| '''Coin'''
| '''Face Value'''
| '''Composition'''
| '''Mass'''
| '''Gold Content'''
| '''Obverse'''
| '''Reverse'''
| '''Diameter'''
| '''Thickness'''
|- bgcolor=gold
| Mieñji
| 20 Iañ
| 20 suc gold
| 1 uc 3 dr
| 1 uc 1 dr 10 gr
| 
| Map of Empire
| 
| 
|- bgcolor=gold
| Half-Mieñji
| 10 Iañ
| 20 suc gold
| 5 dr 30 gr
| 4 dr 35 gr
| 
| 
| 
| 
|- bgcolor=gold
| Quarter-Mieñji
| 5 Iañ
| 20 suc gold
| 2 dr 45 gr
| 2 dr 17½ gr
| 
| 
| 
| 
|}

=== Corean Banknotes ===
{| border = 1 rules = rows width = 100%
|-
| colspan = 5 align = center | '''Banknotes in circulation''' 
|-
| '''Value'''
| '''Dominant Color'''
| '''Front'''
| '''Back'''
| '''Dimensions'''&lt;br&gt;(dociculae)
|- bgcolor=#FFFC77
| 2½ Iañ
| Yellow
| 
| 
| 30 x 50
|- bgcolor=#FFD595
| 5 Iañ
| Light Orange
|
|
| 35 x 60
|- bgcolor=#FF8000
| 10 Iañ
| Orange
| 
| 
| 40 x 70
|- bgcolor=#CAFFCA
| 25 Iañ
| Pale Green
|
|
| 45 x 80
|- bgcolor=#45E2A4
| 50 Iañ
| Green
|
|
| 50 x 85
|- bgcolor=#CAFBFF
| 100 Iañ
| Pale Blue
|
|
| 55 x 95
|- bgcolor=#A8F7FD
| 250 Iañ
| Blue
|
|
| 60 x 100
|- bgcolor=#E1AEFF
| 500 Iañ
| Light Purple
|
|
| 65 x 110
|- bgcolor=#EA8BFE
| 1000 Iañ
| Purple
|
|
| 70 x 120
|}

== Lùquiù ==
The currency units in [[Lùquiù]] are 1 rò (両) = 16 Su (朱) = 400 fun (分).

Lùquiù's mint is located in Xuri.

=== Lùquiùan Circulating Coins ===
{| border = 1 rules = rows width = 100%
|-
| colspan = 9 align = center | '''Circulating coins''' 
|-
| '''Coin'''
| '''Value'''
| '''Composition'''
| '''Mass'''
| '''Obverse'''
| '''Reverse'''
| '''Diameter&lt;br&gt;(Or dimensions)'''
| '''Thickness'''
| '''[[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]]&lt;br&gt;[[Currency of the Commonwealth of Nations|Equivalent]]'''
|- bgcolor=silver
| Half-Rò
| 8 Su
| 20 suc silver
| 3 dr 40 gr
| 
| 
| 1 uc 1 dc 14 lc
| 15 lc
| 2/-
|- bgcolor=silver
| Bu
| 4 Su
| 20 suc silver
| 1 dr 50 gr
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1/-
|- bgcolor=silver
| Riaru
| 2 Su
| 20 suc silver
| 55 gr
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 6d
|- bgcolor=silver
| Su
| 25 Fun
| 18 suc copper&lt;br&gt;6 suc nickel
| 1 dr
| 
| 
| 8 dc 10¼ lc
| 12 lc
| 3d
|- bgcolor=silver
| Cò† (2004-2005)
| rowspan=210 Fun
| rowspan=2|18 suc copper&lt;br&gt;6 suc nickel
| rowspan=2|45 gr
| 
| 
| rowspan=2|8 dc 3 lc
| rowspan=2|10 lc
| rowspan=2|1.2d
|- bgcolor=silver
| Cò (2006- )
| 
| 
|- bgcolor=#b87333
| Monme†
| 10 Fun
| 15 suc copper&lt;br&gt;9 suc zinc
| 1 dr 6 gr
| 
| 
| 10 dc 11¼ lc(outer)&lt;br&gt;2 dc 7 lc(hole)
| 11¾ lc
| 1.2d
|- bgcolor=silver
| Half-Monme
| 5 Fun
| Aluminium
| 15 gr
| 
| 
| 9 dc 10½ lc
| 9 lc
| .6d
|- bgcolor=silver
| Fun
| 1 Fun
| Aluminium
| 10 gr
| 
| 
| 7 dc 7¾ lc
| 10 lc
| .48f
|}
Notes:&lt;br&gt;
†The monme and cò are both produced in Lùquiù.

=== Lùquiùan Banknotes ===
{| border = 1 rules = rows width = 100%
|-
| colspan = 5 align = center | '''Banknotes in circulation''' 
|-
| '''Value'''
| '''Dominant Color'''
| '''Front'''
| '''Back'''
| '''Dimensions'''&lt;br&gt;(dociculae)
|- bgcolor=#FFFFB3
| 1 Rò
| Pale Yellow
|
|
| 25 x 45
|- bgcolor=#FFFC77
| 2½ Rò
| Yellow
| 
| 
| 30 x 50
|- bgcolor=#FFD595
| 5 Rò
| Light Orange
|
|
| 35 x 60
|- bgcolor=#FF8000
| 10 Rò
| Orange
| 
| 
| 40 x 70
|- bgcolor=#CAFFCA
| 25 Rò
| Pale Green
|
|
| 45 x 80
|- bgcolor=#45E2A4
| 50 Rò
| Green
|
|
| 50 x 85
|- bgcolor=#CAFBFF
| 100 Rò
| Pale Blue
|
|
| 55 x 95
|}

For larger denominations, Corean and Yamato bills are used.

== Micronesian Confederation ==
The [[Micronesian Confederation]] uses the Yamatoan currency, the coins being produced by the Hiroxima mint in Japan.  Paper money, produced in the MC, is printed in values of 8 xu, 1 lò, 2½ lò, 5 lò, 10 lò, 25 lò

[[Wa'ab]] has its own names for the units, which appears on money produced in or for Wa'ab.  They are:&lt;br&gt;
Lò = Mmbul&lt;br&gt;
Bu = Gaw&lt;br&gt;
Xu = Ray&lt;br&gt;
Momme = Yar&lt;br&gt;
Fun = Reng&lt;br&gt;
These names are derived from the names of the traditional &quot;stone money&quot; of Wa'ab.

== Kanawiki ==
[[Kanawiki]]'s money is based on the Yamato system.  1 Lioo (リヲー) = 16 kiuu (キヲゥー) = 400 hunu (フヌ).

== Meidji-dò ==
Most of [[Meidji-dò]]'s coins and banknotes are produced in Hiroxima.  Meidji-dò's currency is based on that of [[Montrei]]'s.  1 yen = 20 peseta = 240 sen (1 yen = 1 aulón; 1 peseta = 1 peseta; 1 sen = 1 sucúo).  1 Yen is equal to 20 ''xu''

{|{{Prettytable}}
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|'''Meidji-dò''' || '''Japan''' || '''Commonwealth'''
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|1 Yen || 1 lò 4 xu || 5/-
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|1 Peseta || 1 Xu || 3d
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|1 Sen || 2&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;/&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; Fun || ¼d
|}

=== Circulating Coins of Meidji-dò ===
{|{{Prettytable}} width=&quot;400&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|'''Name'''||'''Value'''||'''Metal'''
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|Yen&lt;br&gt;圓||1 yen||rowspan=&quot;5&quot;|Silver
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|Half-Yen&lt;br&gt;半圓||10 peseta
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|Quarter-Yen&lt;br&gt;四半圓||5 peseta
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|Riaru&lt;br&gt;リアル||2½ peseta
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|Peseta&lt;br&gt;ペセタ||1 peseta
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|Half-peseta&lt;br&gt;半ペセタ||6 sen||rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|copper
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|Fun&lt;br&gt;分||3 sen
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|Sen&lt;br&gt;錢||1 sen
|}

=== Banknotes of Meidji-dò ===
{| border = 1 rules = rows width = 100%
|-
| colspan = 5 align = center | '''Banknotes in circulation''' 
|-
| '''Value'''
| '''Dominant Color'''
| '''Front'''
| '''Back'''
| '''Dimensions'''&lt;br&gt;(dociculae)
|- bgcolor=#FFFFB3
| 1 Yen
| Pale Yellow
| [[Ivan Kuskov]]
| Old Roshiya
| 25 x 45
|- bgcolor=#FFFC77
| 2 Yen
| Yellow
| [[Emperor Meidji]]
| [[Kashaya]] settlement
| 30 x 50
|- bgcolor=#FFD595
| 4 Yen
| Light Orange
|
|
| 35 x 60
|- bgcolor=#FF8000
| 8 Yen
| Orange
| 
| 
| 40 x 70
|- bgcolor=#CAFFCA
| 20 Yen
| Pale Green
|
|
| 45 x 80
|- bgcolor=#45E2A4
| 40 Yen
| Green
|
|
| 50 x 85
|- bgcolor=#CAFBFF
| 80 Yen
| Pale Blue
|
|
| 55 x 95
|- bgcolor=#A8F7FD
| 200 Yen
| Blue
|
|
| 60 x 100
|}

[[Category:Japan]]
[[Category:Currency]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>East Florida</title>
    <id>1052</id>
    <revision>
      <id>42589</id>
      <timestamp>2006-10-25T07:17:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{Nation infobox}}
|+&lt;big&gt;'''Provincia de la Florida Oriental&lt;br&gt;Province of East Florida'''&lt;/big&gt;
{{image infobox|file=East florida flag proposal.jpg|caption=Proposed Flag of East Florida}}
{{sub infobox|nation=[[NAL-SLC|The North American League]]}}
|-
|width=40% style=&quot;border-bottom:none;&quot;|'''Capital:'''
|width=60% style=&quot;border-bottom:none;&quot;|San Agustín
|-
|width=40% style=&quot;border-bottom:none;&quot;|'''Official Languages:'''
|width=60% style=&quot;border-bottom:none;&quot;|[[English]], Castilian
{{ruler2 infobox|title=Governor|name=}}
&lt;!--{{area infobox|area=80,000}} 
{{population infobox|population=12,190,115 |adjective=million}}--&gt;
{{establishment infobox|year= 1705 |reason=Division of Florida}}
{{generic infobox|title=Admission to NAL|value=1803 (17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;)}}
{{generic infobox|title=Readmission to NAL|value=2004}}
{{close infobox}}

'''La Florida Oriental''', or '''East Florida''', is the northern part of the mainland territory of the former [[Florida-Caribbea]], east of the Apalachicola River.  Its capital is at San Augustín.  It consists of the former Florida-Caribbean ''distritos'' of Apalachicola, Aucilla, Suani, Avilés, San Agustín, Alachua, and parts of Bahía de Tampa, Orlando, and Ais

==Administration==
&lt;!-- ===Government=== --&gt;

===Administrative Divisions===
East Florida is divided into 9 ''distritos'' or districts, for the most part based on the FC distritos of the same name.
*Apalachicola
*Aucilla
*Suani
*Avilés
*San Agustín (incorporates northern parts of the former Distrito de Ais)
*Alachua
*Bahía de Tampa del Norte (the part of the former FC distrito outside of the [[Condominium]] with [[Ireland]])
*Bahía de Tampa (Condominium territory)
*Apopka (NAL portion of former ''Distrito de Orlando'')

== History ==
===First [[Castile and Leon|Castilian]] Period (1565-1705)===
The history of Castilian rule in East Florida begins in 1565, when the city of San Augustín was founded.  [[Florida]] was considered largely unimportant by the Castilians, and gradually lost territory in the north to English colonies.  During this period, the Castilian claim only extended southward to about 29° N.  Florida was ceded, in 1705, to [[England]].

===English Period (1705-1803)===
England divided Florida into two halves, setting Pensacola as the capital of [[West Florida]] (whose borders were also extended northward).  Several years later, the Castilians founded a settlement at Tampa Bay, and named the southern part of the peninsula La Florida del Sur (South Florida), with the 29th parallel as its northern border.  The English began an intensive program of developing the Floridas and attracting settlers, filling the Floridas with English colonists.

===First [[NAL-SLC|NAL]] Period (1803-1806)===
In 1803, East and [[West Florida]] became founding members of the NAL.  The Floridas continued to attract settlers

===Second [[Castile and Leon| Castilian]] Period (1806-1898)===
In 1806, Castile invaded the Floridas, reannexing them.  Until 1898, East Florida remained a Castilian province, continuing to attract settlers, including many English-speakers from the NAL.

===República de la Florida Oriental (1898-1900)===
In 1898, the Floridas declared independance from Castile as 3 separate - and brief - republics, which soon merged to form &lt;i&gt;la República Nacionalista y Revolucionista de las Floridas&lt;/i&gt;.

===[[Florida-Caribbea]] (1900-2004)===
East Florida merged with [[West Florida]] and South Florida to form the Republic of the Floridas (full name: ''La República Nacionalista y Revolucionista de las Floridas'') in 1900.  See [[Florida-Caribbea]] for more details.  During this period, the north became increasingly neglected, and secessionist movements developed in the former NAL provinces of East and West Florida, aimed at returning to the NAL. These movements were crushed, and went underground.  East and West Florida were liberated in 2004 after the [[Florida War]].

===Second NAL Period (2004- )===
East Florida was placed under temporary NAL military occupation, with a provisional governing council.  East Florida suffered more resistence, particularly in the south, than did West Florida.  On July 5, 2004, the people of East and West Florida approved referenda asking for provincial status.  They were readmitted as provinces in 2005.

&lt;!-- ==Economy==

==Culture== --&gt;

{{NAL}}

[[Category:Defunct Nations]]
[[Category:Florida-Caribbea]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>West Florida</title>
    <id>1054</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35106</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-24T05:59:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{Nation infobox}}
|+&lt;big&gt;'''Provincia de la Florida Occidental&lt;br&gt;Province of West Florida'''&lt;/big&gt;
{{image infobox|file=West florida flag proposal.jpg|caption=Proposed Flag of West Florida}}
{{sub infobox|nation=[[NAL-SLC|The North American League]]}}
|-
|width=40% style=&quot;border-bottom:none;&quot;|'''Capital:'''
|width=60% style=&quot;border-bottom:none;&quot;|[[Pensacola]]
|-
|width=40% style=&quot;border-bottom:none;&quot;|'''Official Languages:'''
|width=60% style=&quot;border-bottom:none;&quot;|[[English]], Castilian
&lt;!-- {{ruler infobox|title=Governor|name=}}
{{area infobox|area=80,000}} 
{{population infobox|population=12,190,115 |adjective=millions}} --&gt;
{{establishment infobox|year= 1705 |reason=Division of Florida}}
{{Generic infobox|title=Admission to NAL|value=1803 (12&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;)}}
{{Generic infobox|title=Readmission to NAL|value=2004}}
{{close infobox}}

'''La Florida Occidental''', or West Florida in English, is a province of the [[NAL]], and formerly under NAL military occupation following the [[Florida War]] of 2004.  Its borders are the Perdido River on the west, the Appalachicola River on the east, and the 31st parallel on the north.  It has a history of over 4 centuries.  It consists of the former [[Florida-Caribbea]]n ''distritos'' of Pensacola and Bahía de San Andrés.

==Administration==
&lt;!-- ===Government===
DESCRIPTION ON HOW THE SUB-NATIONAL ENTITIY IS GOVERNED --&gt;

===Administrative Divisions===
West Florida is divided into 9 ''distritos''
*Pensacola
*Escambia
*Río Amarillo
*North
*South Choctahachi
(These five were formed from the FC ''Distrito de Pensacola'')
*Panama
*Apalachicola
*Naranja
*Seminole
(These four were formed from the FC ''Distrito de la Bahía de San Andrés'')

== History ==
===First Castilian Period (1559-1705)===

The history of [[Castile and Leon|Castilian]] rule in West Florida begins in 1559, when the city of Pensacola was first founded.  It was destroyed several years later in a hurricane and later rebuilt.  Locals often consider Pensacola to be North America's oldest European city because of the first settlement.  Pensacola is today known as the City of Six Flags for the flags of the six nations that have flown over it throughout its history, Castile and Leon, [[England]], [[France]], the NAL, the brief Republic of West Florida (see below), and [[Florida-Caribbea]].

Western [[Florida]] was largely neglected during this period.  In 1702, the English captured Pensacola, formally taking control of northern Florida in 1705.

===English Period (1705-1803)===

After taking control of Florida, England divided it into two halves, West Florida, governed from Pensacola, and [[East Florida]], governed from San Augustín (which had formerly been the capital of all of Florida).  They also moved the northern border of West Florida up to a line stretching from the mouth of the Yazoo River to the Chattahoochee (32°28').  Several years later, the Castilians founded a settlement at Tampa Bay, and claimed the southern part of the peninsula as ''La Florida del Sur'' (South Florida), from the 29th parallel down.  Pensacola began to grow as an important port and administrative center.  The English began an intensive program of developing the Floridas and attracting settlers, filling the Floridas with English colonists.  The western border originally stretched as far west as Mississippi.  Border disputes between England and France over the exact western limit of West Florida, which included a brief capture of Pensacola by the French in 1719, were settled in the Pearl River Treaty, which established the Pearl River as the border between West Florida and [[Louisianne]].

===First NAL Period (1803-1819)===

In 1803, East and West Florida became founding members of the NAL.  The NAL period did not last long.  In 1806, Castile invaded, annexing the Floridas.  [[Cherokee Nation]] helped West Florida preserve some of their territory.  The eastern part of that territory was sold to Cherokee Nation, and the western half eventually became modern-day [[Mobile]] Province.  The first NAL period is considered to have officially ended in 1819, when &quot;English West Florida&quot; renounced its claims to the Castilian-occupied region.

===Second Castilian Period (1806-1898)===

Between 1806 and 1898, West Florida was again part of the Castilian Empire.  The Castilians continued the English-started program of developing the Floridas.  Northern [[Florida]] in particular remained heavily English-speaking.  In 1819, the territory west of the Perdido was sold to the [[NAL-SLC| NAL]], further diminishing Castilian West Florida.  In 1898, the Floridas broke away from [[Castile and Leon| Castile]].

===República de la Florida Occidental (1898-1900)===

The Republic of West Florida was a brief entity, existing from 1898, when independance from Castile was recognized, until 1900, when it became part of the ''República Nacionalista y Revolucionista de las Floridas''.  There had been talk of seeking readmission into the NAL, but closer relations with East and South Florida won out.

===[[Florida-Caribbea]] (1900-2004)===

West Florida merged with East and South Florida to form the Republic of the Floridas (full name: ''La República Nacionalista y Revolucionista de las Floridas'') in 1900.  See [[Florida-Caribbea]] for more details.  During this period, the north became increasingly neglected, and secessionist movements developed in the former NAL provinces of East and West Florida, aimed at returning to the NAL.  These movements were crushed, and went underground.  In the 1970's, the territory west of the Perdido was reannexed by FC (who also dreamed of reannexing the land south of the 32°28' line).  West Florida was liberated in 2004 after the [[Florida War]]

===Second NAL Period (2004- )===

After the Florida War, a provisional government was instituted in West and East Florida.  On 5 July, 2004, the people of West Florida, along with East Florida, approved a referendum asking for provincial status.  This was approved on 30 July.  The formal readmission occured early in 2005.  West Florida was numbered 33 in order of admission.

== Geography ==
West Florida borders [[Cherokee Nation]] to the north and west, the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and [[Jacobia]] and [[East Florida]] to the east

&lt;!-- ==Economy==

==Culture==

CULTURE OF THE SUB-NATIONAL ENTITY --&gt;

{{NAL}}

[[Category:Defunct Nations]]
[[Category:Florida-Caribbea]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Japan-Corea Tunnel</title>
    <id>1055</id>
    <revision>
      <id>33608</id>
      <timestamp>2006-03-11T04:39:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nik</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">Also known as the Çuxima Tunnel after the Çuxima Strait, or the Nissen or Ilsen Tunnel, after, respectively, the [[Japanese]] and Corean word for &quot;[[Japan]]-[[Corea]]&quot;.  The earliest known proposal for a tunnel was in Taixò 9 (1915), shortly after the founding of the [[East Asian Federation]].  At the time, the proposal would've been fantastically expensive, and the growing threat from [[China]] made it less desirable anyways.  After the end of the [[Japanese Civil War]], interest grew in renewing ties with [[Corea]], including the possibility of a tunnel.  The idea became even more popular after the personal union between [[Japan]] and [[Corea]] was established in Saisei 9 (1960).  Construction was approved by the then-Emperor and the Japanese and Corean parliaments (the coccai and kuk-hoi) in Saisei 13 (1964).  Construction began on Saisei 14, Itxigaçu 6 (February 9, 1965).  Thirty-four years and 3.47 billion [[Japanese Currency|lò]] (6.94 billion FK pounds) later, the tunnel opened for business on Saisei 48, Xigaçu 30 (June 5, 1999).

The tunnel is over 130 miles in length, and connects the Japanese islands with the Asian mainland by railroad links.  The tunnel was originally envisioned to be part of the standard railway network, but during construction, the tracks already laid were joined to the ''Xiñcansen'' network.  It takes approximately 1 hour to travel from [[Yamato]] to [[Corea]].  On the Yamato side, the tunnel starts in the city of Caraçu, in [[Quiùxù]]'s Saga Province.  The tunnel connects to the island of Iqui, part of the Nagasaqui Province, it crosses Iqui (with one station on the island), and then across the east channel of Çuxima Strait to the new province of {{Province|Çuxima}}, it extends from the southern tip to the northern tip of the island, with two stations.  From Çuxima it then goes on to link with the city of Pusan, on the southeast coast of [[Corea]].  The tunnel has provided a crucial link tying the Empire together.  Proposals for an updated Trans-Siberian Railway would provide a further link tying the [[Japan|Japanese Empire]] with the civilizations of Western Europe.  It is expected that this will also function with the &lt;i&gt;Xiñcansen&lt;/i&gt; system, speeding transit across the frigid [[Russia]]n wastes.

''See also [[TGV]].''


[[Category:Japan]]
[[Category:Transportation]]
[[Category:Corea]]
[[Category:Yamato]]
[[Category:Railroads]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nations of Ill Bethisad</title>
    <id>1057</id>
    <revision>
      <id>61614</id>
      <timestamp>2009-08-26T12:28:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Benkarnell</username>
        <id>190</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[Ill Bethisad]] is a wide, and diverse place, with at least as many, and most likely more nations than our world.  Here, I have made a list of links to articles on them (many of them waiting to be created by someone, or to discover other sub-national entities).  I have decided to include states (That is, political subdivisions with a large amount of autonomy) and dependancies as bullet points underneath the nations, though I have not got round to entering most of these.  Famous Persons can be found on the [[Famous Persons Page]]

=== Regions ===

*[[Africa]]
*Asia
**[[North Asia]]
**[[China]]
**[[India]]
**[[Middle East]]
**[[Southeast Asia]]
*[[Europe]]
**[[Western Europe]]
**[[Eastern Europe]]
*[[North America]]
**Central America
**Caribbean Basin
*[[South America]]
*[[Pacific States|Oceania]]

=== Nations ===
*[[Ajodhja]] (a.k.a. Azoðhjá, Auðh, Oudh) 
*[[Al-Basra]]
*[[Albania]]
*[[Alta California]]
**[[Meidji-dò]]
*[[Alyaska]]
*[[Andorra]]
*[[Aragon]]
**[[Melilla and Oran]]
*[[Araucania and Patagonia]]
*[[Armenia]]
*[[Armorica|Teyrnassaw Chombedhrad an Ynysaw hArvorec]] (Confederated Kingdoms of the Armorican Isles)
**[[Samonios Islands|Ynysaw Havaenec]]
**[[Elaeneth]]
*[[Austria]]
*[[Azande Chiefdoms]]
*[[Azerbaijan]]

*[[Bahia]]
*[[Banaba]]
*[[Ban̊gál]] (a.k.a. Ban̊ga)
*[[Batavian Kingdom]]
**[[Atjeh]] (probably [[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Xrivizaja]])
**[[Arakan]] (probably [[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Burma]])
**[[Batavian Antilles]]
**[[Batavian Guyana]]
**[[Batavian Kongo]]
**[[Ceylon]] (Sinhalese: Xrí Lan̊ká)
**[[Tsjinzoerah]] ([[Bán̊glá]]: Cum͂cuŗá; [[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Ban̊gál]])
**[[Leeuwenbergland]]
**[[Malediven]] (Dhivehi: Dhivehirázze)
**[[Nagapatnam]] (Ðamiŗ: Nágabbaddin̦am; [[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Karnátaka]])
*[[Bháraþíj Sámrázj]] (Before 1948, [[Maráthá Sámrázj]])
*[[Bhávalpúr]]
*[[Bedouin Free State]]
*[[Beihanguo]] (a.k.a. China)
**[[Hezuocheng]] ([[Reciprocal Colony|Reciprocal]] with the [[Scandinavian Realm|Scandinavian]] colony of [[Tsingdav]])
*[[Belarus]]
*[[Bohemia]]
*[[Brasil]]
*[[Buganda]]
*[[Bulgaria]]
*[[Burma]]
*[[Canton]]
**[[Dartford]] ([[Reciprocal Colony|Reciprocal]] with the [[England|English]] colony of [[Hong Kong]])
*[[Castile and Leon]]
**[[Central American Community]]
***[[Chiapas]]
***[[Costa Rica]]
***[[Guatemala]]
***[[Honduras]]
***[[Nicaragua]]
***[[San Andres i Mosquitos|San Andrés i Mosquitos]]
**[[Castilian Spain]]
***[[Andalusia]]
***[[Asturias]]
***[[Castilla-La Mancha]]
***[[Castilla La Vieja]]
***Autonomous City of [[Ceuta]]
***[[Estremadura]]
***[[Galicia (Castile-Leon)|Galicia]]
***[[Leon]]
**[[New Kingdom of Granada|New Granada]]
**[[Castilian Territories]]
***[[Canary Islands]]
***[[Corregimiento|Corregimiento de Manila]] ([[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Filipinas]])
***[[Guam]] ([[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Filipinas]] and [[Japan]])
***[[Western Sahara]]
*[[Centrafrican Empire]]
*[[Charcas]]
*[[Chile]]
*[[Chinese East Africa]]
*[[Chittagong]]
*[[Chukotka]]
*[[Commonwealth of Nations]]
**[[Australasia]]
***[[Aotearoa]]
***[[English-Australia]]
***[[Guereintia]]
***[[Kingsland]]
***[[New Kemr di'll Ostr]]
**[[India|Indo-British Union]]
***[[Bombay]] ([[Kemr|Cambrian]] enclave; [[Reciprocal Colony|Reciprocal]] between [[Bháraþíj Sámrázj|Maratha Samraj]] (Bháraþíj Sámrázj) and the Samraj enclave in Esca)
***[[Calcutta]] ([[England|English]] enclave; [[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Ban̊gál|Bangal]] (Ban̊gál))
***[[Madras]] ([[Scotland|Scottish]] enclave; [[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Karnátaka|Carnatick]] (Karnátaka))
***[[Malabar Coast]] (the enclaves of [[Calicut]] and [[Cochin]], once ruled by [[Beihanguo]], now administered as [[Reciprocal Colony|reciprocal colonies]] between [[England]] and [[Kemr]] on one side, and [[Maisúr|Mysore]] (Maisúr) and [[Þiruviþámgóre|Travancore]] (Þiruviþámgóre) on the other)
**[[Cambrian Guyana]]
**[[Cape Green]]
**[[Cyprus|Dominion of Cyprus]]  
**[[East Caribbean Province]] (Disputed territory: See also [[Tobago]] and [[Latvia]])
**[[England|Kingdom of England]]
***[[Hong Kong]] -- [[Reciprocal Colony|Reciprocal]] with the [[Canton]]ese colony of [[Dartford]]
***[[Wight]]
**[[English Guyana]]
**[[Fiji]]
***[[Fijian Polynesia]] (not a Commonwealth member)
***[[Tokelau]] (free association, not a Commonwealth member)
**[[Gibraltar]]
**[[Grand Fenwick|Duchy of Grand Fenwick]]
**[[Kemr|Kingdom of Kemr]]
***[[Dumnonia]]
****[[Lundy]]
***[[Isle of Man]]
**[[Madagascar|Kingdom of Madagascar]]
**[[Malta|Kingdom of Malta]]
**[[Mosquito Coast|Kingdom of Mosquito Coast]]
**[[NAL-SLC|North American League]]
***[[Alba Nuadh]]
***[[Aquonishuonigy]]
***[[Bahamas]]
***[[Carolina]]
***[[Castreleon New]]
***[[Cherokee Nation]]
***[[Connecticut]]
***[[East Florida]]
***[[Illinoise]]
***[[Jacobia]]
***[[Jamaica]]
***[[Kent]]
***[[Kentucky]]
***[[Les Plaines]]
***[[Mascoutensi]]
***[[Massachussets Bay]]
***[[Miami]]
***[[Mobile]]
***[[Mueva Sefarad]]
***[[New Hampshire]]
***[[New Iceland]] (see also: [[Scandinavian Realm]])
***[[New Sweden]] (see also: [[Scandinavian Realm]])
***[[Nunavik]]
***[[Ontario]]
***[[Ouisconsin]]
***[[Oxbridge]]
***[[Pennsylvaania]]
***[[Rhode Island]]
***[[Tenisi]]
***[[Ter Mair]]
***[[Utawia]]
***[[Virginia]]
***[[West Florida]]
***Territories
****[[Kingdom of Beaver Island|Beaver Island]]
****[[Cambrian Arctic Ocean Territory]]
****[[Dry Tortugas]]
****[[Gardiners Island]]
****[[Unincorporated Territories]]
**[[The Seychelles]]
**[[Scotland|Kingdom of Scotland]]
***[[Shetlands]]
**[[Socotra|Sultanate of Socotra]]
**[[South Africa]]  
**[[Somer Islands]]
**[[Southwest Africa|Dominion of Southwest Africa]]
**[[Tahiti|Kingdom of Tahiti]] 
**[[Toga|Kingdom of Toga]]
**[[Tortuga Islands]]
**[[Wallace Cay]]
**[[West Caribbean Province]]
*[[Cordofania]]
*[[Crimea]]
*[[Croatia]]
**[[Istria]]
**[[Slovenia]]
*[[Cuba]]
*[[Dalmatia]]
*[[Danzig]]
*[[Deseret]] (Disputed Territory)
*[[Drùgjỳl]] (Bhútánese: hBrug-jul; Hin̷ðí: Bhútán)
*[[Egypt]]
*[[Equador]]
*[[Estonia]]
*[[Ethiopia|Solomonic Empire of Ethiopia]]
**[[Eritrea]]
**[[Somalia]]
*[[Federated Kingdoms]] (See also [[Commonwealth of Nations]])
**[[Kemr]]
**[[England]]
**[[Scotland]]
*[[Fernando Poo]]
*[[Filipinas]]
**[[Bornei]]
**[[Caboloan]]
**[[Luzóñg]]
**[[Maguindanao]]
**[[Manado]]
**[[Marianas]] ([[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Japan]])
**[[Palao]] ([[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Japan]])
**[[Sulú]]
**[[Vizayas]]
*[[France]]
**[[Algeria]]
**Francie
***Bretagne
**[[Guadeloupe]] 
**Gaulhe
***Navarra
**[[French Guinea|Guinée]]
**[[Guyane]]
**[[French Congo|Congo]]
**[[Martinique]]
**[[La Réunion]]
**[[Saigon]] ([[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Nam Viet]])
*[[Free Lithuania]]
*[[Fujian, Taiwan and Hainan]]
*[[Gabon]]
*[[Georgia]]
*[[Germany]] (Holy Roman Empire)
**[[Anhalt]]
**[[Baden]]
**[[Bavaria]]
**[[Braunschweig]]
**[[Bremen]]
**[[Hamborg]]
**[[Hannover]]
**[[Hessen]]
**Holstein (see: [[Schleswig-Holstein]])
**[[Lippe]]
**[[Lybæk|Lübeck]] (see also: [[Scandinavian Realm]])
**[[Luxemburg]]
**[[Mecklenburg]]
**[[Oldenborg]] (see also: [[Scandinavian Realm]])
**[[Preimern]]
**[[Prussia]]
**[[Rhineland-Palatinate]]
**[[Rickerman-Insel]]
**[[Saarland]]
**[[Saxony]]
**Siovader (see: [[Jervaine]])
**[[Thuringia]]
***The Duchy of [[Saxe-Gotha]] 
***The Duchy of [[Saxe-Meiningen-Hildburghausen]]
***The Duchy of [[Saxe-Altenburg]] 
***The Grand Duchy of [[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]] 
***The United Duchy of [[Reuß-Gera-Greiz]] 
***The Principality of [[Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt]]
***The Principality of [[Schwarzburg-Sonderhausen]] 
***The Republic of [[Lessinischland|Läßinischland]] 
***The Free City of [[Erfurt]] 
***The Free City of [[Weimar]] 
**[[Waldeck-Pyrmont]]
**[[Westphalia]]
**[[Wuerttemberg]]
*[[Gold Coast]]
*[[Greece]]
*[[Islamic Kingdom of Guinea|Guinea, Islamic Kingdom of]]
*[[Hayti|Empire d'Hayti]]
*[[Hay-on-Wye]]
*[[Helvetia]]
*[[Henua]]
*[[Hijaaz]]
*[[Hsip'aqa]] ([[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Burma]] and [[Mÿqan̊ Ðaij]])
*[[Hunan]]
*[[Hungary]]
*[[Hyderabad]]
*[[Iraaq]]
*[[Italy]]
**[[Alba]]
**[[Aquilea]] 
**[[Carpi]]
**[[Ceva]]
**[[Correggio]]
**[[Elba]]
**[[Finale]]
**Friuli
**[[Gonzaga]]
**[[Guastalla]]
**[[Liguria]]
**[[Lombardy]]
**[[Lucca]]
**[[Mantua]]
**[[Marches]]
**[[Massa]]
**[[Metropolitan Duchies]]
**[[Montferrat]]
**[[Modena]]
**Nice
**[[Parma]]
**[[Piedmont]]
**Romagna
**[[Saluzzo]]
**Savoy
**Spoleto
**Tenda
**Trent
**Tuscany
**[[Tyrrhenia]]
**Umbria
*[[Ireland]]
*[[Jan̊hve]] ([[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Burma]] and [[Mÿqan̊ Ðaij]])
*[[Japan]]
**[[Yamato]]
**[[Corea]]
**[[Ezo]]
***[[Russo-Japanese Condominium Area|Outer Manchuria]]
**[[Lùquiù]]
**[[Meidji-dò]] (Roshiya)
*[[Jervaine]]
*[[Judea]]
*[[Kalinga]] -- formerly known as Circars
*[[Kambuzá]]
*[[Kanawiki]]
**Hawai'i
**Kauai
***[[Nittatò]]
**Maui
**O'ahu
*[[Karnataka]]
*[[Kasai]]
*[[Katanga]]
*[[Kaxmír]]
*[[Kongo]]
*[[Kuwayt]]
*[[Kurdistan]]
*[[Zululand|kwaZulu]]
*[[Latvia]]
**[[Tobago]] (Disputed territory: See also [[Commonwealth of Nations]] and [[East Caribbean Province]])
*[[Lebanon]]
*[[Libya]]
*[[Louisianne|République de Louisianne]]
*[[Luba]]
*[[Lunda]]
*[[Maasai]]
*[[Maghreb]]
*[[Maisúr]]
*[[Mali]]
*[[Malucos]]
*[[Mazapahit]]
*[[Meizhou]]
*[[Mejico|República de Méjico]]
*[[Micronesian Confederation]]
**[[Chuuk]]
**[[Kiripati]]
**[[Koxae]]
**[[Marianas]]
**[[Palau]]
**[[Ponpei|Pònpei]]
**[[Wa'ab]]
*[[Moghul National Realm]]
*[[Moldova]]
*[[Monaco|Principality of Monaco]]
*The Serene [[Monastic Republic]] of the Holy Mountain
*[[Mongo-Kongo]]
*[[Mongolia]]
*[[Montrei]]
*[[Mÿqan̊ Ðaij]]
**[[Kĕn̊þun̊]]
**[[Lá²n̷n̷á Đaij]]
**[[Lá²n̷ Zan̊]]
**[[Sajám]]
*[[Mÿqan̊ Kaja×]] ([[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Burma]] and [[Mÿqan̊ Ðaij]])
*[[Mÿqan̊ Vá]] ([[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Mÿqan̊ Ðaij]] and [[Nanhanguo]])
*[[Nam Viet]]
*[[Nanchang]]
*[[Nanhanguo]]
*[[Nassland]]
*[[Nauru]]
*[[Nea Illenicia]]
*[[Nepal]]
*[[New Dalmatia]]
*[[New Francy|Nouvelle Francie]]
*[[Nubia]]
*[[Oltenia]]
*[[Oregon|Ecotopic Republic of Oregon]]
*[[Papua-New-Guinea]]
*[[Papal States|Patrimony of Saint Peter]]
*[[Paraguay]]
*[[Paraná]]
*[[Persia]]
*[[Peru]]
*[[Portugal]]
**[[Azores]]
**[[Kamerun|Camerão]]
**[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] ([[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Bháraþíj Sámrázj]])
**[[Damão]] ([[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Bháraþíj Sámrázj]])
**[[Diu]] ([[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Bháraþíj Sámrázj]])
**[[Goa]] ([[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Bháraþíj Sámrázj]])
*[[Ralik and Ratak Islands|United Kingdom of the Ralik and Ratak Islands]]
*[[Razputhana]] (Rázpuþáná)
*[[Republic of the Two Crowns]]
**[[Lithuania]]
***[[Palenkė]]
***[[Polesė]]
***[[Vilnija]]
***[[Voluinė]]
***[[Žemaitija]]
**[[Veneda]]
***[[Galicia (RTC)|Galicia]]
***[[Venedic West Africa]]
*[[Rio Muni]]
*[[Riu de L'Argent]]
*[[Romanian Federation]]
**[[Moldova]]
**[[Muntenia]]
**[[Oltenia]]
*[[Russia]]
**Adygeya
**Altai
**Bashkortostan
**Buryatia
**Chuvashia
**[[Don Republic]]
**[[Kalmykia]]
**Khakassia
**[[Komi Republic]]
**Mari-El
**Mordovia
**[[Muscovy]]
**[[Nenetsia]]
**[[North Caucasian Federation]]
**[[Perm Republic]]
**[[Primorye]]
***[[Russo-Japanese Condominium Area|East Primorye]]
**[[Qazaqstan (Russia)|Qazaqstan]]
**[[Republic of Chelyabinsk]]
**[[RPN|Republic of Petrograd and Novgorod]]
**Republic of the Volga Germans
**Tannu-Tuva
**Tatarstan
**[[Tocharstan]]
**Udmurtia
**Union of Mansiland and Khantiland
**United States of Siberia
**[[Ural Republic]]
**[[Vozgian Republic]]
**[[Yakutia]]
*[[San Marino]]
*[[Sanjak]]
*[[Saudi Arabia]]
*[[Saugeais]]
*[[Scandinavian Realm]]
**SR National States:
***Andaman Islands
***[[Cruzan Islands]] (see also: [[Florida-Caribbea]])
***Denmark
***Faeroe Islands
***[[Finland]]
***[[Frederiksnagore|Frederiksnagore (Xrírámpur)]]
***[[Gadangmeland]]
***[[Gebaland]]
***[[Greenland]]
***[[Iceland]]
***[[Lybæk]] (see also: [[Germany]])
***[[Monland]]
***[[New Iceland]] (see also: [[NAL-SLC]])
***[[New Sweden]] (see also: [[NAL-SLC]])
***[[Nicobar Islands]]
***[[Norway]]
***[[Oldenborg]] (see also: [[Germany]])
***[[Pepper Coast]]
***[[Rygen]]
***[[Samme]]
***[[Schleswig-Holstein]] (see also: [[Germany]])
***[[Sweden]]
***[[Tenasserim]] ([[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Mÿqan̊ Ðaij]])
***[[Tsingdav]] ([[Reciprocal Colony|Reciprocal]] with the [[Chinese]] colony of [[Hezuocheng]])
***[[Tranquebar]] ([[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Karnátaka]])
**SR Territories and Dependencies:
***[[Rikshovedstadsområde]] ([[Gøteborg]])
***[[North Atlantic Dependency]]
***[[South Atlantic Dependency]]
***[[Antarctic Dependency]]
*[[Serbia]]
*[[Shanghai]]
*[[Sikh Razj Samdh|Sikh Rázj Sam̃ðh]]
*[[Sind]]
*[[Sipsaqan̊bân̷n̷á]] ([[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Mÿqan̊ Ðaij]] and [[Nanhanguo]])
*[[Skuodia]]
*[[Slevania]] 
*[[South Florida]] Confederation (Occupied by [[Ireland]] and [[RTC]]; autonomous states established only in Irish Zone)
** Bahia de la Palma
** [[Cabo Sunnibel]]
** Campo Ocachobe
** [[Campos Naranjas]]
** Costa del Oro
** Kissimee
** Las Palmas
** Ecotopic Reserve of Los Claros
** [[Orlando]]
** [[Puerto Plata]]
** [[República Conchesa]]
** Rzeba Marze
** [[Tampa]]
** [[Tampa del Sul]]
*[[Syria]]
*[[Tawantinsuyu]]
*[[Tejas|Reino de Tejas]]
*[[Thousand Emirates]]
*[[Tibet]] (probably a [[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Beihanguo]])
*[[Togo]]
*[[Turkestan]]
*[[Turkey]]
*[[Two Sicilies|Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]]
*[[Ukraine]]
*[[United Arab Emirates]]
*[[Upper Nigervolta]] (formerly Upper Volta)
**[[Black Volta]]
**[[Chad]]
**[[Hausaland]]
**[[Logone]]
**[[Nigeria]]
**[[Red Volta]]
**[[White Volta]]
*[[Uruguay]]
*[[Uyguristan]]
*[[Venezola|Venezôla]]
*[[Xliponia|Hoimtat Xliponia]]
*[[Xriðharrmaráza]] ([[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Mÿqan̊ Ðaij]] and[[Xrivizaja]])
*[[Xrivizaja]]
*[[Yemen]]
*[[Zhuanguo]]
*[[Thiruvithankur|Þiruviþámgóre]]

[[Category:Nations]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Southeast Asia</title>
    <id>1058</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31495</id>
      <timestamp>2006-02-25T08:10:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Quentin</username>
        <id>78</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">'''Southeast Asia''', also known as &lt;i&gt;Further India&lt;/i&gt;, comprises a mainland portion and an insular portion. The known nations of Southeast Asia are as follows (those marked by a (?) need to be respelled to conform to the [[Xrirampur Romanization]] system and/or to conform to what natives call their land):

[[Image:SiamIB.PNG|400px|thumb|right|A detailed map of the mainland portion of Southeast Asia]]

*[[Batavian Kingdom]]
**[[Atjeh]] (probably [[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Xrivizaja]])
**[[Arakan]] (probably [[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Burma]])
*[[Burma]] (?)
*[[Filipinas]]
**Bornei
**Caboloan
**Luzóñg
**Maguindanao
**Manado
**Marianas
**Palao
**Sulú
**Vizayas
*[[France]]
**[[Saigon]] ([[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Nam Viet]])
*[[Hsip'aqa]] ([[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Burma]] and [[Mÿqan̊ Ðaij]])
*[[Nam Viet]]
*[[Jan̊hve]] ([[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Burma]] and [[Mÿqan̊ Ðaij]])
*[[Kambuzá]]
*[[Malucos]]
*[[Mazapahit]]
*[[Mÿqan̊ Ðaij]] (เมืองไทย)
**[[Kĕn̊þun̊]] (เก็งดุง)
**[[Lá²n̷n̷á Đaij]] (ล้านนาไทย)
**[[Lá²n̷ Zan̊]] (ล้านชง)
**[[Sajám]] (สยาม)
*[[Mÿqan̊ Kaja×]] ([[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Burma]] and [[Mÿqan̊ Ðaij]])
*[[Mÿqan̊ Vá]] ([[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Mÿqan̊ Ðaij]] and [[Nanhanguo]])
*[[Scandinavian Realm]]
**[[Andaman Islands]]
**[[Monland]]
**[[Nicobar Islands]]
**[[Tenasserim]] ([[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Mÿqan̊ Ðaij]])
*[[Sipsaqan̊bân̷n̷á]] (สิบสองพัน; [[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Mÿqan̊ Ðaij]] and [[Nanhanguo]])
*[[Xriðharrmaráza]] ([[Mandala system|tributary]] to [[Xrivizaja]])
*[[Xrivizaja]]

[[Category:South East Asia|*]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>QSS</title>
    <id>1059</id>
    <revision>
      <id>60046</id>
      <timestamp>2009-06-19T22:44:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BoArthur</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">''See also [[QAA]]: Quod Assumpsi, Assumpsi.''

'''Quod Scripsi Scripsi''' means that when something has become canonical (which basically is the case when someone writes something and no one objects), it cannot be changed or undone. It is a very important principle in [[Ill Bethisad|IB]]; without it, things would become a mess. Imagine that you write a book along with someone else. He/she writes a paragraph, then you write a paragraph, and so on. Now what would happen if he or she halfway through the project were to suddenly say: &quot;Actually, I don't like paragraph nr. 2, I want to change it completely.&quot;? It would mean that everything that was built on it (or around it) becomes invalid! Something you simply can't afford in a collaborative project.

The rule is there for a reason, and that reason is to enforce some cohesion to the work of more than 25 people over several years, some of whom are no longer active and can not defend their parts of this creation. It is a means of reigning in and channeling everyones' creativity; it protects things that have already been worked out; it helps create continuity between all the threads that make up the tapestry and helps ensure that the tapestry is roughly the same shape at both ends.

The rule ought not be a Law set in stone where infractions are punished by outcasting into the Void; but it has to be more than just a cute philosophy or a guidline we can quote and then cheerily ignore when the fancy strikes.

If you want to tell me that [[Kemr]] doesn't exist or that the [[SNOR]] sacked all of Western Europe or that the [[NAL-SLC|NAL]] ought to be a Spanish realm - then we have to see many good arguments that override all the history and tradition that's been written up thus far.

The rule is more a matter of facts than our opinions. I can't even _begin_ to calculate how many times I [Padraic] 've said &quot;oo, that sounds wonderful&quot; to someone's neat idea; only to have John respond &quot;but we've already established something else...&quot;

See [[How It All Works]] for more on, well, how IB functions. See [http://www.geocities.com/elemtilas/ill_bethisad/qss.htm this article] for a fuller discussion of QSS.

----
&lt;i&gt;Examples of changes in conjunction to QSS&lt;/i&gt;

When Daniel Hicken joined IB he had to explain the reason why Mormons would &lt;b&gt;not&lt;/b&gt; be based in [[Deseret]].  Through explanation of historical facts *here* that M. Hicken believed would apply *there*, QSS was overridden, but &lt;b&gt;only&lt;/b&gt; after Padraic and others agreed that the historical imperative was stronger than what had been written.  Even then, as can be seen in the article on [[Lago Grande]], QSS did hold sway and there are ethnic Mormons living in Deseret.

When rodlox joined IB he took &lt;i&gt;then's&lt;/i&gt; Afghanopakistan [[Moghul National Realm|*]] under his wing, but because this territory was largely an unknown, and was only called Afghanopakistan because that area of the world had not been subdivided, QSS largely did not apply and he had &lt;i&gt;tabula rasa&lt;/i&gt; with regard to the internal history.  When the effects of Afghanopakistan history affect the world at large, QSS applies.

With discovery of a Jewish kingdom in [[Yemen]] a broad ranging discussion came to be, leading to the changing of the maps of the Middle East, Oman and UAE being united to form the [[Thousand Emirates]], and Yemen a loose confederation of warring kingdoms/emirates.

[[Category:Operating Parameters]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pacific States</title>
    <id>1061</id>
    <revision>
      <id>58638</id>
      <timestamp>2009-03-28T15:19:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Benkarnell</username>
        <id>190</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>some updates</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">The Pacific States, also known as Oceania, is broadly divided into the three regions of Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia.  Polynesia is the only region with much linguistic or cultural continuity.  The Micronesian islands have a shared history, dominated successively by [[Wa'ab]], [[Castile and Leon]], and [[Japan]].  Melanesia is a catch-all region stretching from [[Papua-New-Guinea|Papua]] to [[Fiji]], its islands and cultures having little in common other than proximity.

==Pacific-wide institutions==
* [[Austronesian League]]: Supranational organization to foster cooperation among the Austronesian-speaking languages in economics, cultural affairs, foreign policy, defense, and the environment.  Includes most of the Pacific states plus Japan and [[Madagascar]].
* [[ANJAC]]: [[Second Great War|GW2]]-era military alliance with roots in the Austronesian League
* Pacific Ocean Regional Forum (PORF): Inter-governmental forum concerned with commerce, ecology, and human rights.  Includes not only the island states but nearly all mainland nations with Pacific coastline.
* Pacific Press Association (PPA): A [[News Agencies|news agency]] whose scope includes all of Oceania
* Polynesian United News Agency (PUNA): Exclusively Polynesian in scope, based in Tahiti

==List of nations==
===The following nations are [[QSS]]:===

*[[Aotearoa]] - Free association with [[Australasia]]

*[[Banaba]] - Independant [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] state in free association with [[Japan]]

*[[Guam]] - Administrated from Guayaquil, [[New Kingdom of Granada| Nueva Granada]], for several years, but currently is a semi-autonomous dependancy of the Kingdom of [[Castile and Leon]].  As part of the [[Castilian Territories|Castilian Overseas Territories]], part of the administration with the kingdom is done from Las Palmas, [[Canary Islands]], and part from Guayaquil. [From Carlos]

*[[Henua]] - Also known as Easter Island; independent kingdom.

*[[Micronesian Confederation]] - The Caroline Islands, the Marshall Islands, the Gilbert Islands; also Northern Marianas and Palau, both shared with [[Bornei-Filipinas|Filipinas]]; the [[Emperor Xigehito|Emperor]] of Japan is High King.  Subdivided into 5 states and two tributaries.

*[[Nauru]] - Independent republic.

*[[Kanawiki]] - *Here*'s Hawaii; Emperor of Japan was symbolic High King until present Emperor's ascension to the throne.  Federated kingdom.

*[[Nittatò]] - A protectorate of Japan, part of kingdom of Kauai, Kanawiki

*[[Fiji]] - consists of Tuvalu and Fiji Islands.  [W.Ch.: Under King Thakombao V (Cakobao, *here*).] 

*[[Ralik and Ratak Islands]] - independent kingdom and former member of Micronesian Confederation

*[[Rickerman-Insel]] - lying outside of Polynesia, a [[Germany|German]] colony since 2003 (part of [[Mejico]] before that).

*[[Toga]] - Independant nation, allied with Fiji

*[[Tokelau]] - Fijian dependency, pursuing independence

=== The rest ''provisionally'' consists of (and subject to change):===

*Unnamed [[France|French]] territory - New Caledonia and Vanuatu

*Fijian Melanesia - Solomon Islands and Santa Cruz Islands; A dependancy of Fiji

*[[Fijian Polynesia]] - Phoenix Islands, Tokelau, Samoa, Niue, Cook Islands; A dependancy of Fiji

*[[Kuke]] - Aotearoan dependency (or part of Fijian Polynesia)

*[[Niue]] - Aotearoan dependency (or part of Fijian Polynesia)

*[[Rapa Iti]] - Aotearoan dependency

*[[Samoa]] - Aotearoan dependency (or part of Fijian Polynesia)

*[[Tahiti|Kingdom of Tahiti]] - Society Islands; formerly ''[[Cambrian Polynesia]]/Polynesi Gemruis'', a former dependency of [[Australasia]] under New South Kemr, now an independent kingdom within the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]]

*[[Tubuai]] - The Austral Islands may be a separate kingdom and former region of Cambrian Polynesia.

*[[Castile and Leon|Castilian]] Polynesia - Marquesas, Tuamotu Islands; dependancy of [[New Kingdom of Granada|New Granada]].

*French Polynesia - Austral Islands and Pitcairn Islands; dependancy of France

==Maps==
[[Image:Oceania QSS.PNG|right]]
Boxes represent QSS nations.  Circles represent nations which provisionally exist, but whose exact borders are not known.  The colors stand for:
:Bright Green: Micronesian Federation
:Pale Green: Tributary states to both Micronesia and [[Bornei-Filipinas]]
:Yellow: Kingdom of Castile and Leon
:Blue: French dependencies
:Pink: Fiji and dependencies
:Orange: Aotearoa and dependencies
:Violet: Kanawiki and Nittato
:Teal: Independent states
:Grey: uncertain

Large capital letters represent Ill Bethisad nations.  Small lettering represents the names of locations *here* and is kept as a reference.

:AO: Aotearoa
:CH: [[Chuuk]]
:BB: Banaba
:FI: Fiji
:FM: Fijian Melanesia
:FP: Fijian Polynesia
:GM: Guam
:HE: Henua
:KA: Kanawiki
:KI: [[Kiripati]]
:KK: [[Kuke]] (may belong to either Aotearoa or Fiji)
:KX: [[Koxae]]
:MA: [[Marianas]]
:MF: French Melanesia
:NA: Nauru
:NT: Nittato
:NU: Niue (may belong to Aotearoa or Fiji)
:PC: Castilian Polynesia
:PF: French Polynesia
:PI: [[Ponpei]]
:PN: [[Papua-New-Guinea]]
:PL: [[Palau]]
:RR: Ralik and Ratak
:SA: [[Samoa]] (may belong to Aotearoa or Fiji)
:TA: Tahiti
:TG: Toga
:TK: [[Tokelau]]
:WA: [[Wa'ab]]

Another map of QSS states is below.  It should be noted that some borders are uncertain.  In particular, the eastern border of [[Malucos]] is unknown, and the exact islands under Australasian control are simply assumed to be the same as *here*

[[Image:Pacific Ocean.jpg]]

[[Category:Oceania]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>East Asian Federation</title>
    <id>1062</id>
    <revision>
      <id>61543</id>
      <timestamp>2009-08-23T03:57:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Benkarnell</username>
        <id>190</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>nam viet and henua</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{nation infobox}}
|+&lt;big&gt;'''東亜連邦&lt;br&gt;East Asian Federation'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|colspan=2 align=center|[[Image:TAR-flag.png|200px]]
|-
|'''Official Languages'''||[[Japanese]], Corean, Marshallese
|-
|'''Capital'''||[[Quiòto]]
|-
|'''Government Type'''||Federation
|-
|'''Executive Council'''||Regent [[Maco, Princess Masaxi]] of Japan (President), King Amata of Ralik-Ratak, Viceroy ??? of the Micronesian Confederation, Supreme Chief ?? of Banaba
|-
|'''Prime Minister'''||?
|-
|'''Establishment'''||1912
|-
|'''Revival'''||2005
|-
|'''Members'''||[[Japan|Empire of Japan]], [[Micronesian Confederation]], United Kingdom of the [[Ralik and Ratak Islands]], [[Banaba]]
|}

The East Asian Federation, Tò-A-Rempò (東亜連邦) in [[Japanese]], Toñ-A-Rienbañ in Corean (TAR for short), was created in 1912 between the nations of [[Corea]], [[Japan]] and [[Lùquiù]].  It was effectively discontinued in 1920, when [[China]] invaded [[Corea]] and [[Lùquiù]].  However, the Federation was never officially dissolved.  However, between 1920 and 2005, the Empire of Japan was the sole remaining member.

The TAR was created to encourage economic and cultural growth in East Asia, and to protect the nations of East Asia from European imperialism.  The language of business was Japanese, but treaties and laws passed by the TAR would be translated into the member nations' languages.  The TAR's executive authority was embodied in a council of the heads-of-state of the member nations (i.e., the Kings of Corea and Lùquiù and the Emperor of Japan), with the Emperor of Japan presiding (in the event of an underage head-of-state, the Regent for that state would take their place on the Council).  The legislative authority was embodied in a High Parliament, with members elected by the legislature of each member, proportional to the population thereof.  The TAR was a genuine attempt at co-prosperity and peace, unlike *here*'s Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere, which was merely a propogandistic name for Japanese exploitation.  It had been hoped that the TAR would spread to Southeast Asia.  The TAR ''was'' somewhat ideologically biased towards Japan, but it would be a mistake to think it was simply a Greater Japanese Empire.

The Federation was revived in early Gacudai 2 (2005) when negotiations between the United Kingdom of the [[Ralik and Ratak Islands]] and Japan resulted in the revitalization of the Federation.  

The Federation is primarily an economic union and a mutual-defense pact.

In late 2005 it was expanded to [[Nam Viet]] through the creation of the [[Asia-Pacific Trade Union]].  On 10 November 2007, [[Henua]] was granted observer status in the Federation.

[[Category:Supranational Organizations]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Afghanopakistan</title>
    <id>1063</id>
    <revision>
      <id>12171</id>
      <timestamp>2005-06-11T18:07:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>REDIR</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Moghul National Realm]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Albania</title>
    <id>1064</id>
    <revision>
      <id>62570</id>
      <timestamp>2009-10-08T19:18:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dalmatinac</username>
        <id>45</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=Republlika Shqipërisë&lt;br&gt;Republic of Albania}}
{{shortname infobox|vernacular=Shqipëria|english=Albania}} 
{{image infobox|file=Albania_flag.gif|caption=Ste flag of {{PAGENAME}} }}
&lt;!-- {{motto infobox|motto=THE MOTTO!}} --&gt;
{{lang2 infobox|official=Albanian|others=(in most-to-less order of # of speakers) Dalmatian, Bulgarian, Greek, Xliponian, Sicilian dialects}}
{{cities2 infobox|capital=Tirana|other=Durrësi, Vlora, Korça, Kiçevë, Prizreni}}
{{ruler infobox|title=President|name=Sali Berisha}}
&lt;!-- {{ruler infobox|title=CHIEF OF GOVERNMENT|name=NAME OF CoG}}
{{area infobox|area=AREA}} --&gt;
{{population infobox|population=7 million|adjective=}}
{{independence2 infobox|from=Turkey|date=August, 1894}}
{{currency infobox|currency=Lek = 9 lepta = 81 penia}}
&lt;!-- {{organization infobox|organization=SUPRANATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS}} --&gt;
{{close infobox}}
&lt;!-- GENERAL INFORMATION


==Administration==
===Government===
HOW GOVERNMENT IS ORGANIZED
===Administrative Divisions===
LIST OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS --&gt;
==History==
Albania gained independence from [[Turkey]] in August 1894, after the Albanians took inspiration from the [[Hungary| Hungarians]], [[Bulgaria| Bulgarians]], [[Dalmatia| Dalmatians]] and others who rose up against the [[Ottoman Empire]]. The Albanians, however, were aided by troops from the [[Two Sicilies]], who saw this as an opportunity to gain a foothold on the Balkans, and not least, to gain access to the newly-discovered and newly-exploited coal, chromium and oil mines. In the following month, September 1894, Albania was proclaimed a protectorate of the [[Two Sicilies]].

During the [[First Great War]], Albania was used as a start-off point for the Duesicilian armies in their fights against [[Montenegro]] and [[Turkey]], who still held on to [[Greece]].

Albania remained a protectorate of the [[Two Sicilies]] through the [[Second Great War]] and Albanian troops fight in all-Albanian units (though commanded by Sicilian officers) alongside Sicilian forces.

After the [[Second Great War]], Albania is granted independence by the [[Two Sicilies]] for reasons not yet clear. There is a brief civil war, at the end of which Jashar Zogu is crowned King Zog in 1948, despite the efforts of the newly communist Confederation of Soviet Danubian States to achieve a communist victory; the communist movement was far too small in Albania to win, even with what (little) help the CSDS could give.

The Kingdom of Albania then pursues a very anti-communist policy, outlawing the Communist Party and executing its leader and most prominent figure, Enver Hoxha, in 1955. During this time agents of the CSDS's intelligence agency, Direktorija 3 (D3) are inserted into Albania in an attempt to overthrow King Zog and to apply other forms of internal pressure on the monarchy, spreading discontent through the country. Internal dissent mounts, aided by the country's poor economic situation (this despite the fact that it is Europe's largest chromium producer), until finally the pressure is so great that elections are held in June 1960.

The elections of 1960 are a landslide victory for the New Albania Party (NAP), a centrist party who try to put the new Republic of Albania on a more neutral course. The CSDS welcomes this development (superficially at least), but D3 operations continue inside Albania, though to a lesser extent. After the new government passes several laws which the CSDS dislikes, the D3 begin another campaign of subversion inside Albania, which results in the government scrapping the &quot;questionable&quot; laws. After this point Albania ceases to pursue an independent foreign policy, rather it echoes CSDS policies. In 1964 a new election is scheduled, which leads to a 99.3% victory for the NAP amid opposition protests of ballot-box stuffing and other irregularities. Riots break out, and martial law is declared. The military is in power since then.

After the fall of the CSDS and the Great Balkan War, Albania's military junta makes overtures to the new Republic of [[Dalmatia]] about the joining [[Dalmatia]] in some form of confederation. [[Dalmatia]] refuses this, but friendly relations do form between the two countries. After the successful Islamic revolution in [[Sanjak]] in May 1991, the radical elements of the Albanian Muslim community try to establish an Islamic republic in Albania as well, aided by a small number of mostly Turkish and Saudi mujaheddin. The attempted revolution failed for several reasons. Firstly, Albania was already far too secular. Secondly, the Albanian Catholic community fought back hard against the fundamentalist Muslims, aided by [[Dalmatia]], who had by this time come to view itself as Europe's main line of defence against Islam.

Albania continues to have good relations with [[Dalmatia]].

==Geography==
===Borders===
North: [[Dalmatia]].
West: Mediterranean Sea.
South: [[Xliponia]], [[Greece]]
East: [[Bulgaria]].
&lt;!-- ==Economy==
RELEVANT ASPECTS OF THE NATION'S ECONOMICAL SECTOR, EXPORTED PRODUCTS, ETC...
==Culture==
RELEVANT ASPECTS OF THE NATION'S CULTURE
===Languages===
===Religion===
==See also==
LINK(S) TO EVENTUAL WEBSITE(S)

# Official Name: Republic of Albania (Rrepublika Shqip&amp;#235;ris&amp;#235;)
# Current head of state: President Sali Berisha
# Government type: Republic
# Democracy: Yes
# Population: 7 Million
# Capital: Tirana
# Other important cities: Durr&amp;#235;si, Vlora, Kor&amp;#231;a
# Neighbors: [[Dalmatia]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Greece]], [[Xliponia]]
# Official language: Albanian
# Other languages (in most-to-less order of # of speakers): Dalmatian, Bulgarian, Greek, Sicilian dialects
# State religion: none
# Other religions: [[Catholicism|Roman Catholicism]], [[Islam]]
# Official coinage: lek
# State sport: 
# Other sports: football
# Republic established: 1960
 --&gt;

[[File:Sq-ensign.png|150px|thumb|right|State ensign]]
[[File:Sq-navy.png|150px|thumb|right|Navy ensign]]
[[File:Sq-navy-cg.png|150px|thumb|right|Coast Guard ensign]]
[[File:Sq-af-rdl.png|150px|thumb|right|Air Force roundel]]
[[File:Sq-hsh.png|150px|thumb|right|Flag of the Albanian State Railways (Hekurudhë Shqipërisë)]]
[[File:Sq-1894-1932.png|150px|thumb|right|Flag of the Duesicilian protectorate of Albania, 1894-1932]]
[[File:Sq-1932-1948.gif|150px|thumb|right|Flag of the Duesicilian protectorate of Albania, 1932-1948]]
[[File:Sq-kingdom.png|150px|thumb|right|State flag of the Kingdom of Albania, 1948-1960]]
[[File:Sq-kingdom-civil.png|150px|thumb|right|Civil flag of the Kingdom of Albania, 1948-1960]]

[[Category:Nations in Europe]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Algeria</title>
    <id>1065</id>
    <revision>
      <id>62266</id>
      <timestamp>2009-10-05T18:45:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dalmatinac</username>
        <id>45</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* History */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=Al-Jazarya (Arabic), Algerie (French) &lt;br&gt; Algeria (English)}}
{{image infobox|file=France.flag.png|caption=Flag of {{PAGENAME}} }}
{{sub infobox|nation=[[France]]}}
{{cities infobox|capital=Algiers|largest=Algiers|other=Annaba, Constantine}}
{{lang2 infobox|official=French|others=Arabic, English, Berber}}
{{ruler infobox|title=Prefect|name=Ahmed Ouyahia}}
{{area infobox|area=?}}
{{population infobox|population=30,000,000|adjective=}}
{{establishment infobox|year=1789|reason=Department of France}}
{{close infobox}}
The name Algeria is derived from the name of the city of Algiers, from the Arabic word al-jazā’ir, which translates as the islands, referring to the four islands which lay off that city's coast until becoming part of the mainland in 1525.  Known as Al-Jazarya to the native population, it is called Algerie by the [[France|French]].  This region of France was colonized by [[Napoleon]] shortly after the French Revolution.  It is a region of the Gaul Community.

[[Category:Sub-National Entities]]

==Administration==
===Government===
As part of Metropolitain France, Algeria is governed by a Regional Prefect and is divided into a handful of prefectures.  Because this region only consists of the coast and the fertile Tell region, it is one of the smaller African nations, but still one of the more populous along the south Mediterranean coasts.

===Administrative Divisions===
[[Image:Algeriadepts1.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Current divisions of Algeria.]]

Until 1983, the ''wilaya'' of Algiers were esteemed as sub-prefectures in the Algeria Department, producing a gross misrepresentation on the national stage for Algerians.  Following riots in major French cities such as Marseille, Lyon and Paris as well as across Algeria, the government allowed for better representation of the near one-third of France's total population.

The Capital is located in the city of Algiers.  Most prefectures or ''wilaya'' are named after their capital city, however some have retained their historical name, their former capital inside another ''wilaya''.  Current numbering is as follows.

&lt;small&gt;''
● A1 Adrar ● A2 Aïn Defla ● A3 Aïn Témouchent ● A4 Algiers ● A5 Annaba ● A6 Batna ● A7 Béjaïa ● A8 Biskra ● A9 Bordj Bou Arréridj ● A10 Bouira ● A11 Boumerdès ● A12 Chlef ● A13 Constantine ● A14 Djella ● A15 El Bayadh ● A16 El Oued ● A17 El Tarf ● A18 Guelma ● A19 Jijel ● A20 Khenchela ● A21 M'Sila ● A22 Médéa ● A23 Mila ● A24 Mostaganem ● A25 Naama ● A26 Oum el-Bouaghi ● A27 Relizane ● A28 Saida ● A29 Sétif ● A30 Sidi Bel Abbes ● A31 Skikda ● A32 Souk Ahras ● A33 Tébessa ● A34 Tiaret ● A35 Tipasa ● A36 Tissemsilt ● A37 Tizi Ouzou ● A38 Tlemcen ● 
''&lt;/small&gt;
==History==
Though the native inhabitants of this land are the Berber tribes, for most of the 3.000 year history of Al-Jazarya the rulers have been foreign.  In 1.000 BC the Phoenecians and the [[Roman Empire|Roman Republic]] in 200 BC are among the most noteworthy prior to the Arab invasion during the 8th Century.

This flow of conquests was not a one-way affair, as in medieval times the Fatimid Berber dynasty which began in Al-Jazarya took over [[Egypt]], though it quickly abandoned North Africa.  After the Arab invasion, the Brothers ‘Barbarossa’, Aruj and Khair ad Din made the coast into a base for pirate corsairs, peaking in activity in the 17th century, when the pirate activities were shifted eastward to [[Two Sicilies|Tunisia]].

[[File:Abd_el-Kadr_Flag.gif|200px|thumb|right|Flag used during Abd el-Kader's revolt, 1835-1847]]
Feigning offense to their consulate, the French invaded in 1830.  Intense resistance by the Emir Abdelkader and his followers made the assimilation difficult and incomplete until the early 20th century, when the last of the Tuareg were conquered.

In this time, the French had integrated Algeria as a part of metropolitain France, and more than a million French and Gaules moving across the Mediterannean to become ‘pied-noir’.  These farmers of the Al-Jazaryan coastal plains occupied most of Al-Jazarya’s prized cities.  People of French and Gaul descent were treated as any other French citizen, including representation in Parliament, whereas the native Berbers and Arabs were slower to be integrated to suffrage.  This was rectified in 1870 when an agreement was reached, allowing the Arab and Berber population to be ruled by ''sharia'' law in private matters, but all legal matters were given to the French government.

[[File:ENR_flag.gif|200px|thumb|right|Flag of Etoile Nord-africain, an anti-government organisation]] 
In 1954, the National Liberation Front(FLN) launched the guerrilla Al-Jazaryan war of independence.  With a full grant of suffrage and an increase of Al-Jazaryan autonomy Al-Jazarya remained a department of France although much territory in the Sahara was lost to the [[Maghreb|Maghreb Caliphate]].

The methods of the freedom fighters were not well liked by the natives, as they terrorized civilians of both sides, held riots and brutally massacred villages.

The FLN's main rival – with a goal for Al-Jazaryan autonomy was the National Al-Jazaryan Movement or Mouvement National Al-Jazarien, the  MNA.  With support from Al-Jazaryan immigres the MNA won support from French Parliament and were instated as the semi-autonomous government, thus supplanting the FLN and securing their role as leaders of the country.

A bloody civil war raged in the 1990’s, due largely to machinations of the Maghreb Caliphate.  More than 100,000 people were killed, often in unprovoked massacres of civilians, by guerrilla groups such as the Armed Islamic Group and the [[ENA|Etoile Nord-Africain]].

==Geography==

Most of the coastal area is hilly, sometimes even mountainous, and there are few good harbours. The area just south of the coast, known as the Tell, is fertile. Further south is the Atlas mountain range and the Sahara desert. Al-Jazar and Constantine are the main cities.
Al-Jazarya's climate is arid and hot, although the coastal climate is mild, and the winters in the mountainous areas can be severe. Al-Jazarya is prone to sirocco, a hot dust- and sand-laden wind especially common in summer.

===Borders===
{{PAGENAME}} is bordered by:
:North: The Mediterranean Sea
:West and South: [[Maghreb]]
:East: [[Tunisia]], part of the [[Two Sicilies|Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]]

==Economy==

Algeria is largely pastoral, with a growing industrial and tourist base in the coastal regions.  Mostly the economy is geared toward servicing needs of the rest of Metropolitan France.

Algeria is known the world over for its fine wines, surpassing the notoriety of even some French wines.  Most notable are the wines from ''Le Vignoble de la Mitidja'', which was established in the early days of French Colonization.  They suffered during the uprisings for independence, but have since returned to their former glories.

==Culture==

Rai, a locally developed pop music form, has great popularity in Al-Jazarya, and enjoys some popularity abroad as well, notably in France, where a large number of Al-Jazaryans live. More traditional forms include Chaabi music, folk music, and Andalusi music, the &quot;classical&quot; music of Al-Jazarya, descended from the courtly tradition of Moorish Aragon.

{{FranceAdmin}}

[[Category:Africa]]
[[Category:France]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Al-Basra</title>
    <id>1066</id>
    <revision>
      <id>50450</id>
      <timestamp>2008-02-25T18:35:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pedromoderno</username>
        <id>86</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=&amp;#x62C;&amp;#x645;&amp;#x647;&amp;#x648;&amp;#x631;&amp;#x64A;&amp;#x629;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x627;&amp;#x644;&amp;#x628;&amp;#x635;&amp;#x631;&amp;#x629;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x627;&amp;#x644;&amp;#x625;&amp;#x64A;&amp;#x643;&amp;#x648;&amp;#x62A;&amp;#x648;&amp;#x628;&amp;#x64A;&amp;#x629;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x627;&amp;#x644;&amp;#x639;&amp;#x631;&amp;#x628;&amp;#x64A;&amp;#x629;&lt;br&gt;Jumhuuriyyat al-Basra al-'Iikuutuubiyya al-`Arabiyya&lt;br&gt;Ecotopic Arab Republic of Al-Basra}}
{{shortname infobox|vernacular=البصرة&lt;br&gt;Al-Basra|english=Al-Basra}} 
{{image infobox|file=Al-Basra_flag.gif|caption=State flag of {{PAGENAME}} }}
&lt;!-- {{motto infobox|motto=THE MOTTO!}} 
{{lang2 infobox|official=OFICIAL LANGUAGE|others=OTHER LANGUAGES}}
{{cities infobox|capital=CAPITAL|largest=LARGEST CITY|other=IMPORTANT CITIES}}
{{cities2 infobox|capital=CAPITAL|other=IMPORTANT CITIES}}
--&gt;
|-
|width=40% style=&quot;border-bottom:none;&quot;|Capital:
|width=60% style=&quot;border-bottom:none;&quot;|Basra 
&lt;!--
{{ruler infobox|title=HEAD OF STATE|name=NAME OF HoS}}
{{ruler infobox|title=CHIEF OF GOVERNMENT|name=NAME OF CoG}}
{{area infobox|area=AREA}}
{{population infobox|population=POPULATION|adjective=ADJECTIVE}}
{{independence infobox|from=RULING NATION|dec_date=DATE OF DECLARATION|rec_date=DATE OF RECOGNITION}}
{{independence2 infobox|from=RULING NATION|date=DATE}}
{{currency infobox|currency=CURRENCY}}
{{organization infobox|organization=SUPRANATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS}}
--&gt;
{{close infobox}}
Formerly the southernmost region of ‘Iraaq, '''Al-Basra''' declared its independence in the wake of the environmental devastation inflicted on its land during the [[Persia-Iraaq War|Perso-‘Iraaqi War]] of the 1980's and the [[Gulf War]] (‘Iraaqi invasion of Kuwayt) in the early 1990's.  Another important cause of the secession was the oppression suffered by the mostly Shi‘ite &quot;Marsh Arabs&quot; of Al-Basra at the hand of [[Saddaam Hussayn]] and his Sunni powerbase up in Baghdaad.  However, since the more immediate cause of the rebellion was ecological, the Basris embraced an Ecotopian ideology, and [[Oregon| Oregonian]] Peace Keepers assisted them in building their country.  Since independence, Basri culture has developed a stronger and stronger emphasis on revolutionary ecotopianism, as well as an obsession with the ancient Sumerians who inhabited the area.  The head of state is known by the title &quot;lugal&quot; - Sumerian for 'king' - and for a decade after independence Basri ecoterrorists routinely infiltrated ‘Iraaq, attempting to destroy its oil-production infrastructure.  This lingering conflict with ‘Iraaq lasted until the March, 2003 ‘Iraaqi ultimatum when Hussayn threatened to reconquer Al-Basra.  A coalition of regional, world Ecotopic, and other forces came to Al-Basra's defense, and in the end Hussayn was deposed by his own people, ushering a hopeful new era of peace into the region.  After the 2003 scare, Basri terrorist activity against ‘Iraaq ended, and Al-Basra has turned its back for good on its own oil-producing capacities, seeking now to live a quiet existence in harmony with the natural world and its neighbors.

[SB]

&lt;!--
==Administration==
===Government===
HOW GOVERNMENT IS ORGANIZED
===Administrative Divisions===
LIST OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS
==History==
HISTORY OF THE NATION
--&gt;
==Geography==
&lt;!-- GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRIES GEOGRAPHY --&gt;
===Borders===
Northwest: [[Iraaq]].&lt;br&gt;
Southwest: [[Bedouin Free State]].&lt;br&gt;
South: [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Kuwayt]].&lt;br&gt;
Northeast: [[Persia]].&lt;br&gt;
&lt;!--
==Economy==
RELEVANT ASPECTS OF THE NATION'S ECONOMICAL SECTOR, EXPORTED PRODUCTS, ETC...
==Culture==
RELEVANT ASPECTS OF THE NATION'S CULTURE
===Languages===
===Religion===
==See also==
LINK(S) TO EVENTUAL WEBSITE(S)
--&gt;

[[Category:Nations in the Middle East]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Alta California</title>
    <id>1067</id>
    <revision>
      <id>49141</id>
      <timestamp>2007-10-12T02:54:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zahir</username>
        <id>35</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>catetories</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">[[Category:Nations in North America]]
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;'''República de Alta California'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Republic of Upper California'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|colspan=2 align=center | [[Image:Alta California flag.png]]
|-
|colspan=2 align=center | &lt;small&gt;National motto: ''...''
|-
|'''Languages''' ||
|-
| Official  || [[Castilian]]
|-
| Other || [[Montreiano]], Txumaxeño
|-
|'''Capital''' || [[San Diego]]
|-
|'''Important Cities''' || Los Ángeles
|-
|'''[[Rulers of Alta California|President]]''' || Arnoldo Schwarzenegger
|-
|'''Area''' || ...
|-
|'''Population''' || 7,645,859
|-
|'''Independence''' || from [[Mejico]]
|-
|(declared) || 1834
|-
|(recognized) || 1845
|-
|'''[[Currency]]''' || 1 peso = 8 reales = 96 dobles 
|-
|'''Organizations''' || [[Castilian Commonwealth of Nations|Castilian Commonwealth]]
|}
==Administration==
===Government===

The Republic of Alta California is a representative republic. The three branches are the Presidencia - Presidency, Legislatura - Legislature, and Corte Nacional - National Court. The legislature is bicameral, consisting of the Senado - the Senate, and the Consejo de Representantes - Council of Representatives. The president is Arnoldo Schwarzenegger, former Body Builder, Movie star and immigrant from Austria. The president is allowed to serve up to three, three year terms.  

====Political Parties====

The main political party is the Partido Nacionál de la Gente - National Party of The People (PNG), which is a conservative party, and has provided most of the presidents almost since the split from Mejico. Other political parties are:

* Partido Liberal de la Gente (PLG): Liberal Party of the People - Considered a rather moderate liberal party, it is the second most popular party in Alta California.
* Partido de la Revolución (PR): Party of the Revolution - Considered extremely right wing and separatist, it strives to isolate Alta California from its neighbors, and reabsorb Montréi. Fortunately it's one of the minor parties, drawing mostly rural farmers and ranchers in the more remote areas of Alta California.
* Asociación Socialista para Cambio (ASC): Socialist Association for Change - One of more popular minor parties it has favor among moderate to somewhat liberal Californios, mostly in urban centers. 
* Fraternidad de Camaradas Comunistas (FCC): Brotherhood of Communist Comrades - This is the communist party in Alta California. It is a rather minor party, occasionally attracting University students.
* Fraternidad del Estado Libre de Deseret (FELD): Brotherhood of the Deseret Free State - Popular in the Deseret area, it rarely gets any votes outside of those areas, and as tensions in the Deseret area increased, Alta California has barred this party from elections. 


[[Image:Altacalifornia.jpg|thumb|500px|right|Map of Alta California]]

==Administrative Divisions==

Alta California is divided into eight provinces based loosely upon geography:

* Costa Norte
* El Valle
* Sierra Nevada
* Los Angeles
* Mojave
* Baja California
* Montañas
* Lago Grande

Further Divisions are as follows:

* Municipios - municipalities - named after the major city or towns which lie within them, and split into condados.
* Condados - counties - named after the largest towns within each one, and usually contain several towns, or a multitude of small villages.

In Alta California, municipalities are the next division down from province. Condados are the next division down from municipality.

{| 
| [[Image:Bajaflag.jpg|thumb|Flag of Baja California]] || [[Image:Mojaveflag.jpg|thumb|Flag of Mojave]]
|}

==History==

In 1822, [[Mejico]] declared independence from [[Castile and Leon]], And Alta California at first declared allegiance to Mejico, realizing that Mejico had much more power than Castile and Leon did in the New World. The other incentive was that anyone who swore loyalty to Mejico was given a land grant. Most of the big ranchers supported this move as it preserved their ranches, and the smaller land holders did as well (because Mejico also threatened to take land from those who supported Castile and Leon.)

By 1834, the promises of [[Mejico]] failed to materialize. Mejico ignored AC almost entirely, focusing on matters closer to Mejico City. Californios saw themselves as on their own, as well as distinct in culture from their Mejican overlords. A call for rebellion went out, almost unheeded by Mejican authorities, who chalked it up the stirring to ignorant, backwards northerners who were no threat to the Mejican military.

However, by 1840, [[Mejico]] entered a civil war. Seeing this as an opportunity to fight back, AC, along with [[Tejas]] began a civil war on the northern front. Mejico, concerned more with controlling its inner territories decided to cut its losses and caved in to the demands of the rebels in AC, who demanded all northern territories granted under the old Spanish government, as well as [[Baja California]] (which Mejico allowed, because at the time it was sparsely populated, and of little interest to Mejico).

AC began to prosper, and interest began to center around the [[Los Angeles]] to [[San Diego]] area. AC divided its territory into provinces, and created among others, the Provincia de [[Montrei| Monterey]]. The capital of the Provincia de Monterey is kept in Monterey, but the capital of [[Alta California]] was moved down to [[San Diego]], as the harbor and coastline were more hospitable than the rocky foggy climate and area around Monterey.

Times remained unsettled in the new nation. Feelings of independence were still stirring among the populace, and the two major areas of civilization in AC were the [[Los Ángeles]] - [[San Diego]] areas, and in the north the [[San Francisco]] - [[Montrei| Monterey]] areas. These were hotbeds of revolutionary fervor. Those in the north, in San Francisco (changed from Yerba Buena for some unknown reason) to Monterey began to see themselves as separate from their southern countrymen. Primarily due to speaking a different language at home (Montreiano) as well as differences in culture (although minor, still significant enough). They also had felt ignored by the new government in the south (at the time the entire northern part of AC was uninhabited by non-Indians).

When [[Tejas]] began to stir, and escalated age old border conflicts into all out war, the [[Montrei| Montreianos]] in turn saw it as a chance to break away. AC and Tejas began heavy fighting along their borders as Tejas pushed westward on a mission to conquer new land. The battle front stopped at the great [[Rio Colorado]]. This action by Tejas and the diverted resources in Alta California sparked revolution in the north. 

Fighting in the north wasn't nearly as bloody as the earlier war of independence from [[Mejico]], or the border battles with [[Tejas]], but they were enough of a nuisance to make AC rethink its position, and come to a decision on which is the more valuable fight. AC had decided that a fight on two fronts was a bad idea, and the situation with Tejas was of a much more grave matter. Seeing a golden opportunity, Montreianos presented a list of demands to AC, and declared that they would cease fighting if the [[Montrei| Monterey]] region was given independence.

AC at the time considered this a smart move, as they viewed most of [[Montrei| Montréi]] as only suitable for cattle ranches and possibly small scale farming, so they signed the [[Treaty of San Carlos]]. There also wasn't much of a choice for AC, it was either continue fighting on two fronts, wasting resurces and men, or choose the bigger battle and cut their smaller losses. 

===General Information===
&lt;b&gt;La Republica de Alta California&lt;/b&gt; is a country on the western coast of [[North America]], founded during the 1840's during the [[Mejico| Mejican]] Civil War. Including roughly most of our world's California, Nevada, and parts of Utah, as well as all of Baja California, its territory had been one of the largest during the Colonial Era. From the beginning if its existence, Alta California has been a Presidency. Because of its shared border with [[Tejas]], Alta California has had continual border skirmishes with Tejas, the most fought over zone being the area of the Colorado River (Called euphemistically &quot;El Río de Sangre&quot;). 

It had also lost territory to [[Montrei]]. For about a decade after the Mejican Civil War, [[Montrei]] had simply been a state within Alta California, and the city of Montrei (then called Monterey), had once been the provincial capital. When fighting with [[Tejas]] began soon after independence of both countries, [[Montrei]] had begun to revolt, and Alta California seeing [[Tejas]] as the more important enemy signed in 1858 the &quot;Tratado de San Carlos&quot; - Treaty of San Carlos, written in both Castillian and Montreiano (Called &quot;Tratao de San Carlos&quot; in Montrei), which released Montrei from Alta California, giving it independence. Alta California had not realized what it had lost, thinking the region was impassible mountains, a swampy valley, and coastal valleys full of swampland. The region that [[Montrei]] now claims was later found to be perfect for farming, and the mountains full of precious minerals and metals.

Alta California's domain is quite large, however, most of it is desert or mountainous, save for the north western part of the nation which is rainy, moist, and has endless forests. Alta California has not learned to exploit its riches, which include lumber, minerals and metals, oil (which is known to be found off of the coast), and agricultural lands, due to the extensive militarization Alta California has experienced ever since fighting with [[Tejas]] had begun.

Alta California has also been fighting with [[Mormonism| Mormon]] rebels in an area the rebels have named &quot;[[Deseret]]&quot;. For most of the time fighting there has occurred, rebels have pitted [[Tejas]] and Alta California against eachother. With [[Tejas]] hostilities ended, the rebels have begun taking direct attacks on Alta California Military. [[Deseret]] has become Alta California's main priority militarily. 

Alta California is one of the poorer nations in the region. Conditions are as good as any militarized third world nation. It had never learned to exploit natural resources well, depending upon premanufactured items and supplies already processed to make weapons and machines of war. However, with the recent hostilities with [[Tejas]] ended, Alta California is able to scale back militarization, put its soldiers to work on public works projects and improve the nation. Both [[Montrei| Montréi]] and [[Mejico]] would like to give Alta California a hand, at least in an advisory role to help it rebuild itself. 

It remains to be seen which route Alta California goes, but observations suggest things are beginning to turn around for Alta California.

==Geography==
==Borders==
North: [[Oregon]].&lt;br&gt;
West: Pacific Ocean and [[Montrei]].&lt;br&gt;
South: Pacific Ocean and [[Mejico]].&lt;br&gt;
East: [[Tejas]] and [[Louisianne]].&lt;br&gt;

==Provinces==

*[[Baja California]]
*[[Los Angeles (province)|Los Angeles]]
*[[Mojave]]
*[[Montanas]]
*[[Sêrra Nevada]]
*[[El Valle]]
*[[Costa Norte]]
*[[Lago Grande]]

== Offshore Islands ==

Officially, Alta California has several main offshore islands:

'''Channel Islands'''

These islands are closest to the administrative center of San Diego. They are home to several Txumax Villages.

*San Nicolás
*Santa Barbara
*Santa Catalina
*San Clemente

'''Pacific Ocean Islands:'''

Guadalupe is one of several islands not located on the continental shelf of North America.Cedros is a part of Baja California proper.

*[[Guadalupe]]  
*Cedros

'''Baja California Provincial territory'''

Mexico originally considered all islands to the west, and within 300 miles of Baja California officially part of the Provincial territory, and as such were administered from Baja California. Islands to the west of a dividing line down the Mar de Cortéz starting at the mouth of the Rio Colorado were administered from Baja California. The Revillagigedo islands along with Guadalupe are the only islands owned by Alta California which do not sit on the continental shelf of North America.

*Angel de la Guarda
*[[Archipélago Revillagigedo]]
**Clarión
**Socorro
**Roca Partida
**San Benedicto

==Culture==
===Languages===
===Religion===

The official stance on religion is that any religion is not to be discriminated against, but because most of the leaders are staunch, conservative, traditional Catholics, the Catholic church has considerable influence and all other religions or denominations tend to have their permits to build churches and places of worship denied for long periods of time or indefinitely. It is often said of Catholicism in Alta California, that all of the priests and nuns live int he 21st century, but their covnents and seminaries are stuck in the 15th century.

Many of the smaller towns and villages are often outright hostile to other denominations and there have been reports of non-Catholics being run out of towns, especially the closer to the disputed Deseret area, or in very remote places. 

This sentiment has been inflated in recent years due to increasing hostility in the Deseret region, especially to Mormons. Non-Catholics entering Alta California are usually advised to keep an eye out and watch their backs when outside of the main urbanized areas. They also often experience many more delays at the imigration checkpoints when entering the country via the borders or through aerodromes.

Alta Californians in the more urbanized centers tend to be a lot more liberal in religious outlook, but they still maintain some level of paranoia. They also hold high suspicion of those in [[Meidji-dò]] and  [[Montrei| Montréi]], due to their differing religious practices (Zesucutò, and Xintò in Meidji-dò, and a rather Islam/Jewish influenced style of the Isidorian Rite in Montréi), as well as the religious liberalism in Montréi.

[[Category:Alta California]][[Category:Nations in North America]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Links page</title>
    <id>1068</id>
    <revision>
      <id>63268</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T14:16:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Geoff</username>
        <id>193</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Turkestan</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">==General==

* &lt;b&gt;Ill Bethisad homepage&lt;/b&gt;: http://www.bethisad.com/
* Factbook on Ill Bethisad countries: http://old.chlewey.net/ib/
* Flags of Ill Bethisad: http://www.geocities.com/flagsofillbethisad/ (old flag site)
* The Royal Institute for the Study of Banners (Cambria): http://marcpasquin.iquebec.com/ib-vex-index.html (updated flag site)
* Ranks Insignias, Uniforms &amp; Folk Costumes: http://marcpasquin.iquebec.com/ib-cri-index.html
* Dan's IB-Atlas:  http://www.geocities.com/bo_arthur/IB/maps.html

==Read All About It!==

* Ill Bethisad's News archive is kept [http://www.bethisad.com/news.htm  here].

* The archive of News from the RTC is kept [http://steen.free.fr/rtc/news.html  here]; and is also linked from the main News Page.

*TéléLouisianne's archives are found [http://www.geocities.com/bo_arthur/tlindex.html here].
*News from Henua is reported on http://sites.google.com/site/ibhenua/news.

==Discussion platforms==

* Conculture: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/conculture/messages (the archive) and http://groups.yahoo.com/group/conculture/files/IB (files section)
* Sessiwn Kemres (1996-1999): http://mercury.ccil.org/~cowan/sessiwn/ 
* Sessiwn Kemres (revived, 2005-): http://groups.yahoo.com/group/sescam/ 
* Concullowlands (discussion of the [[Batavian Kingdom]]; mostly in Dutch): http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/concullowlands
* Celticonlang: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/celticonlang/
* Romanceconlang: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/romconlang/
* Slaviconlang: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/slaviconlang/

==Maps==

* [http://www.geocities.com/bo_arthur/IB/maps.html Maps of Ill Bethisad]
* Eastern Europe: http://www.geocities.com/wenedyk/ib/easterneurope.html
* Republic of the Two Crowns: http://www.geocities.com/wenedyk/ib/rtc_map.html
* Russian Federation: http://www.geocities.com/wenedyk/ib/russia_map.html
* Japanese Empire: http://galhaf.tripod.com/IB/empiremap.html
* South America: http://chlewey.org/ib/sa/index.html
* Africa: [http://www.geocities.com/dalmatesku/africa.gif map] (appears to conflict with &lt;nowiki&gt;BoArthur&lt;/nowiki&gt;'s map in regards to size of Chinese East Africa and Somaliland)  {Both maps need to be reworked in light of recent postings, BoArthur}
* Florida: http://galhaf.tripod.com/IB/Las_Floridas.html
* Pacific: http://galhaf.tripod.com/IB/IB-Pacifica.html (only established entities, exact borders not necessarily [[QSS]] - red line is the International Date Line)
* Éire: [http://talideon.com/concultures/ae/files/ae.jpeg &lt;nowiki&gt;http://talideon.com/concultures/ae/files/ae.jpeg&lt;/nowiki&gt;]

==Countries and regions==

* Armorica (an Ynysaw hArvorec): no known website at this time &lt;!-- http://www.arvorec.net - broken link? --&gt;
* Australasia: http://marcpasquin.iquebec.com/ib-au-index.html
* Bohemia: http://ark.wz.cz/ib/pemis_kenikrajch.html
* Chinese countries: http://joe.thehilltribe.com/ib/china.html [DEAD LINK]
* Dalmatia, the Balkans, and Dalmatophone Africa: http://www.geocities.com/dalmatesku/
* Dunein: http://www.bethisad.com/dunein.htm
* Eastern Europe: http://www.geocities.com/wenedyk/ib/index.html
* Henua: http://sites.google.com/site/ibhenua/Home
** Henua (old site): http://www.geocities.com/henua_home
* Ireland: http://talideon.com/concultures/ae/
* Louisianne: http://www.geocities.com/bo_arthur/ib.html
* Na&amp;#349;&amp;#x131;sk Vesemir: http://ark.wz.cz/ib/nasesk_vesemir.html
* New Francy: http://marcpasquin.iquebec.com/nf-index.html
* North American League: http://www.millennium.macvillage.net/
* Republic of the Two Crowns: http://steen.free.fr/rtc/index.html
* Russian Federation: http://www.geocities.com/wenedyk/ib/russia.html
* Saint-Domingo: http://www.geocities.com/bo_arthur/domingo.html
* Southeast Asia: http://cinduworld.tripod.com/seasia_in_ib.htm
* South America: http://chlewey.org/ib/sa/index.html
* Turkestan: http://turkestan.weebly.com
* Vozgian Republic: http://steen.free.fr/vozgian/vozgian_republic.html
* Xliponia: http://www.geocities.com/xliponia/

==Organisations==
* Pontifical Zouaves: http://marcpasquin.iquebec.com/zv-index.html

==Languages==

* Athonite: http://wiki.frath.net//MR_language
* Arvorec: http://www.deinioljones.net/arvorec/arvorec/arvorec0.htm &lt;!-- http://www.geocities.com/arvorec/index.html - old link contains redirect to nonexistent webspace :( --&gt;
* Breathanach: http://www.cix.co.uk/~morven/lang/breath.html
* Brithenig: http://hobbit.griffler.co.nz/introduction.html
* Costanice: http://www.jaspax.com/lang/content/section/6/29/
* Dalmatian: http://www.geocities.com/dalmatesku/
* Jovian: http://www.cinga.ch/langs.html
* Kerno: http://www.bethisad.com/kerno.htm
* Laurentian: http://marcpasquin.iquebec.com/ib-lau-intro.html
* Montreiano: http://www.geocities.com/doobieous/montrei/montreiano.html
* Nassian: http://ark.wz.cz/conlangs/nasesk.html
* Seimi: http://www.bethisad.com/seimi.htm
* {{SLVL}}: [[FrathWiki:Slevan]]
* Šležan: http://steen.free.fr/slezan/index.html
* Vozgian: http://steen.free.fr/vozgian/index.html
* Wenedyk: http://steen.free.fr/wenedyk/index.html
* [[Wessish]] (Wessisc): http://www.wessisc.co.uk/wessisc/index.html
* Xliponian: http://www.geocities.com/xliponia/language.htm

==Real World References==
* Wikipedia Mainpage: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page (Useful for looking up history on areas of our world to help in developing *there* too.)
* Frink Server Pages: http://futureboy.homeip.net/fsp/frink.fsp (Universal Conversion Calculator)
* Flags of the World: http://www.fotw.net (Large Flags Database)
* IB's Café Press stores: http://www.cafepress.com/BoArthur and http://www.cafepress.com/marcpasquin (We know you can't live without your very own Ill Bethisad beer stein!)

[[Category:Operating Parameters]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Alyaska</title>
    <id>1069</id>
    <revision>
      <id>63386</id>
      <timestamp>2009-12-06T00:34:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caeruleancentaur</username>
        <id>197</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Religion */ Some corrections.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=The Soviet Republic of Alyaska}}
{{shortname infobox|vernacular=Аляска&lt;br&gt;Alyaska|english=Alyaska}} 
{{image infobox|file=Alyaska flag.gif|caption=State flag of {{PAGENAME}} }}
&lt;!-- {{motto infobox|motto=THE MOTTO!}} --&gt;
{{lang1 infobox|language=Russian, Japanese, English, Brithenig, Native Languages}}
|-
|width=40% style=&quot;border-bottom:none;&quot;|'''Script:'''
|width=60% style=&quot;border-bottom:none;&quot;|Cyrillic
&lt;!-- {{lang2 infobox|official=OFICIAL LANGUAGE|others=OTHER LANGUAGES}}
{{cities infobox|capital=CAPITAL|largest=LARGEST CITY|other=IMPORTANT CITIES}} --&gt;
{{cities2 infobox|capital=[[Novo Arkhangelsk]]|other=Berega Danilevsky, Nome, Novy Sankt-Peterburg}}
&lt;!--
{{ruler infobox|title=HEAD OF STATE|name=NAME OF HoS}}
{{ruler infobox|title=CHIEF OF GOVERNMENT|name=NAME OF CoG}}
{{area infobox|area=AREA}}
{{population infobox|population=POPULATION|adjective=ADJECTIVE}}
{{independence infobox|from=RULING NATION|dec_date=DATE OF DECLARATION|rec_date=DATE OF RECOGNITION}} --&gt;
{{independence2 infobox|from=[[Japan]]|date=11 April, AE 1&lt;br&gt;24 April, 1954}}
{{currency infobox|currency=Ruble = 120 Kopecks}}
&lt;!-- {{organization infobox|organization=SUPRANATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS}} --&gt;
{{close infobox}}

Alyaska is a former [[Russia]]n territory in far northern [[North America]]. Most of the inhabitants that aren't native Alyaskans are of Russian or [[Japan]]ese descent.  The territory became part of the Empire of Japan in 1905 following the First Russo-Japanese War.

Contrary to popular belief, Alyaska is not [[Communism|Communist]].

&lt;!-- ==Administration==
===Government===
HOW GOVERNMENT IS ORGANIZED
===Administrative Divisions===
LIST OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS --&gt;
==History==
The Gold Rush, which started off when a Russian Mining Engineer discovered gold on the Kenai Peninsula, continued through 1914.  Gold fever brought in many immigrants from the [[NAL]] and other North American lands; but the Russian culture is still very much alive amongst the descendants of [[Scotland|Scottish]], [[England|English]], [[Kemr|Kemrese]], [[Tejas|Tejan]] and [[Alta California]]n gold miners.  Alyaska started out as something of a Russian gulag and later (after the First Russo-Japanese War of 1903-1905) Japanese, where many sorts of undesirables were deported to hopefully disappear.  The Russians chose Alyaska when Siberia was too good for the dissidents.  Alyaska formally gained independence (from the Empire of Japan) on April 24, 1954 (Gregorian, April 11, AE 1 Alyaskan).

[[Novo Arkhangelsk]] was the capital in the Russian colonial era, but was stripped of the title under Japanese rule.  It was restored in 1954 with the restoration of the republic.

==Geography==
===Borders===
North: Arctic Sea&lt;br&gt;
West: Bering Strait (Separating the country from [[Chukotka]])&lt;br&gt;
South: Pacific Ocean&lt;br&gt;
Southeast: [[Oregon]]&lt;br&gt;
East: [[NAL]]

==Economy==
Alyaskan industry focuses largely on the lumber industry, as well as fishing, although there is a growing niche for oil, with the discovery of Arctic oil reserves.  The discovery of oil as fueled the growth of Danilevskovo Zalivah, the Alyaskan oil-production center on the Arctic Ocean.  Plans have been suggested for an overland pipeline to help protect the perma-frost of the North, as shipping from the frozen port is not an option many months of the year.

==Culture==
An interesting fact about Alyaska is that the International Date Line runs along Alyaska's land borders, marking one of the only two places in [[Ill Bethisad|IB]] (the other around the condominium of [[Meidji-do|Meidji-dò]], where the International Date Line crosses solid land.  Thus, Alyaska is always one day ahead of *here*'s Alaska.

Alyaska retains the Julian calendar, but counts years on the Alyaskan Era, which begins in Gregorian 1954, when the republic was founded.

The city of Nome is the See of the [[Assyrian Church|Assyrian]] Metropolitan of the Americas.
&lt;!-- ===Languages=== --&gt;
===Religion===
The majority of inhabitants are Russian Orthodox, Xintò, or Protestant.  Some of the most picturesque &quot;onion domes&quot; are to be found in the population centres of Alyaska.  There is also a smaller, but sizeable minority belonging to the [[Assyrian Church|Assyrian Church of the East]], descendants of deportees from the parts of [[Russia]] where there are Assyrian minorities, for example southern Siberia and [[Qazaqstan (Russia)|Qazaqstan]].
&lt;!--
==See also==
LINK(S) TO EVENTUAL WEBSITE(S) --&gt;

[[Category:Nations in North America]]
[[Category:Alyaska|*]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Andorra</title>
    <id>1070</id>
    <revision>
      <id>61252</id>
      <timestamp>2009-08-06T15:25:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caeruleancentaur</username>
        <id>197</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>Punctuation and spelling corrections.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{|{{prettytable}} align=&quot;right&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;'''Principality of Andorra'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Principat d'Andorra'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Image:An!1.png|200px]]
|- 
|'''Official Language''' || Catalán
|-
|'''Capital''' || Andorra la Vella
|-
|'''Prince''' || [[Napoleon VII|Napoleó VII]]
|-
|'''Prime Minister''' ||
|-
|'''Area''' || 214 mi²
|-
|'''Population''' || 69,150
|-
|'''Official Religion''' || [[Catholicism]]
|-
|'''[[Currency]]''' || Lliura
|-
|'''National Anthem''' || El Gran Carlemany
|}

'''Andorra''' is the last independent survivor of the so-called Marca Hispanica, several buffer states created by Charlemagne to keep the Muslim Moors from advancing into Catholic [[France]], as well as the present seat of the Bonaparte Dynasty, descendants of a younger brother of [[Napoleon]]. Tradition holds that Charlemagne granted a charter to the Andorran people in return for their fighting the Moors. In the 800s, Charlemagne's grandson, Charles the Bald, named the Count of Urgell as overlord of Andorra. A descendant of the count later gave the lands to the Diocese of Urgell, headed by the Bishop of Urgell.

== History ==
In the 11th century, fearing military action by neighboring lords, the bishop placed himself under the protection of the Lord of Caboet, a Catalan nobleman. Later, the Count of Foix became heir to the Lord of Caboet through marriage, and a dispute arose between the French count and the Catalan bishop over Andorra.

In 1278, the conflict was resolved by the signing of a pareage (pariatges), which provided that Andorra's sovereignty be shared between the Count of Foix and the Bishop of La Seu d'Urgell (Catalonia). The pareage, a feudal institution recognizing the principle of equality of rights shared by two rulers, gave the small state its territory and former political form.

Over the years the title passed to the kings of Navarre, and under the king of France, Henry IV, an edict in 1607 established the head of the French state and the Bishop of Urgell as co-princes of Andorra, a state which lasted (with a few small exception) until 1923.

In 1870, Napoleon III of France was deposed.  As part of the agreement by which he stepped down, he was permitted to keep the title of Co-Prince of Andorra, which he passed to his son after his death in 1873.

Napoleon IV spent much of his time plotting to recover France.  He died a broken man in 1903, passing the principality to his 11-year-old son, Napoleon V.

Napoleon V had given up the notion of recovering France and was more interested in developing his native Andorra.  Upon reaching his majority in 1910, he formally renounced interest in France and began taking the reigns of power, still relying heavily on his advisors.  By his mid-20s, he began coming into his own and formally began talks with the Bishop of Urgell in 1920.  These talks resulted, in 1923, in an agreement whereby the Bishop would cede his political power in Andorra, while retaining ecclesiastical authority.

== Economy ==
=== Currency ===
The ''de jure'' currency of Andorra is the ''lliura'', part of the [[European Federation Currency]] Union, but the [[Aragon]]ese ''escudo'' and the [[France|French]] ''livre'' are the main currencies found in circulation, as the small minting of Andorra's mint are quickly acquired by collectors.

== Bonaparte Dynasty ==
Until 1923, the Bonapartes shared rule of Andorra with the Catholic Bishop of Urgell in [[Aragon]].
{| border = 1 rules = rows width=&quot;100%&quot;
|-
| '''Name'''
| '''Reign'''
| '''Life'''
| '''Notes'''
|- bgcolor=#f9f9f9
| [[Napoleon|Napoleon I]]
| 1806-1821
| 1769-1821
| Also Emperor of [[France]], [[Germany|Holy Roman Emperor]], and King of the [[RTC]]
|- bgcolor=#f9f9f9
| [[Napoleon II]]
| 1821-1832
| 1811-1832
| Emperor of France, 1821-1830
|- bgcolor=#f9f9f9
| [[Napoleon III]]
| 1832-1873
| 1808-1873
| Emperor of France, 1848-1870
|- bgcolor=#f9f9f9
| [[Napoleon IV]]
| 1873-1903
| 1856-1903
|
|- bgcolor=#f9f9f9
| [[Napoleon V]]
| 1903-1964
| 1892-1964
| Sole Prince of Andorra from 1923
|- bgcolor=#f9f9f9
| [[Napoleon VI]]
| 1964-1985
| 1922-1985
|
|- bgcolor=#f9f9f9
| Enric
| 1985-1997
| 1925-1997
| Brother of Napoleon VI
|- bgcolor=#f9f9f9
| [[Napoleon VII]]
| 1997-
| 1953-
|
|}

== The Andorran Merchant Navy ==

[[Image:An~merchant.png|thumb|Andorran Merchant Ensign]]
A source of pride for the Andorrans and puzzlement for outsiders, the Andorran Merchant Navy is one of the largest in the world. Not only does this seem unusual to most due to the relatively small size of the country (and population), but the fact that it is landlocked and lacking in large seaways would seem to prevent its very existence.

In truth, next to no ships that fly the Andorran merchant ensign are actually crewed by any of its citizens or indeed have owners that have been to the principality even once. The reason for this state of affairs can be traced back to Prince [[Napoleon V]] and his economic projects. 

Largely dependent on Aragonese and French Merchants for oversea trade, the Prince came upon the idea of offering registration in his country to any ships who agreed to pay a minimal one-off payment, offer free transport of a certain number of Andorran officials (based on tonnage and duration) and allow transport of local goods at a discount. In exchange, the ships were not required to abide by any specific regulations (apart from maritime laws), maintain cargo manifests or fear being impressed in time of war. 

This measure proved quite popular and shipping companies flocked to obtain their Andorran registration. The number of ships steadily climbed during the 1930s and then jumped during the [[Second Great War]] as companies from warring countries changed registration to allow trading as neutral ships, since Andorra had not declared war on [[Germany]]. 

It should be noted that while the modern fleet's reputation for barely sea-worthy hulks might be deserved by some ships, the vast majority were registered mostly to avoid paying large taxes and salaries or to legally engage in traffic forbidden in their homelands, for example, the transport of banned goods or side-stepping trade embargoes. 

Some observers have perceived another, perhaps subconscious reason for the Prince's creation. Being constitutionally prevented from creating an army, this could be the closest the House of Bonaparte will ever come to having a large, uniformed force at its service. While the world may never see another conquering Napoleonic army, the ensign of &quot;Napoleon's Fleet&quot; has, over the years, flown in the ports of every continent.

[[Category:Andorra]]
[[Category:Nations in Europe]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Aragon</title>
    <id>1071</id>
    <revision>
      <id>60956</id>
      <timestamp>2009-07-30T17:54:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Misterxeight</username>
        <id>192</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* The 19th Century and the decolonization: 1808-1899 */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=Reino d'Aragón&lt;br&gt;Regne d'Aragó&lt;br&gt;Kingdom of Aragon}}
{{image infobox|file=Aragon.flag.png|caption=Flag of Aragon}}
{{motto infobox|motto=...}}
{{lang2 infobox|official=[[Aragonese]] and [[Catalan]]|others=[[Castilian]], [[Euskera]]}}
{{cities infobox|capital=[[Barcelona]]|largest=[[Barcelona]]|other=València, Múrcia, Zaragoza}}
{{ruler infobox|title=Monarch|name=[[Charles VI of Aragon|Carle VI]]}}
{{ruler infobox|title=Prime Minister|name=[[Chusé Inazio Nabarro]]}}
{{area infobox|area=...}}
{{population infobox|population=...|adjective=Aragonese}}
{{establishment infobox|year=...|reason=...}}
{{currency infobox|currency=...}}
{{organization infobox|organization=[[Aragonese League]]}}
{{close infobox}}

==Administration==
===Government===
===Administrative Divisions===

[[Image:Aragon-admin.jpg|thumb|150px|Regional divisions of Aragon.]]

Aragon is a unitary state sub-divided six regions and several provinces:

The regions and provinces are:
{| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
!align=center width=25%|Region
!align=center width=25%|Capital
!align=center width=25%|Province
!align=center width=25%|Capital
|-
|rowspan=3 valign=top|[[Upper Aragon]]
|rowspan=3 valign=top|[[Zaragoza]]
|[[Teruel (Province)|Teruel]]||[[Teruel]]
|-
|[[Uesca (Province)|Uesca]]||[[Uesca]]
|-
|[[Zaragoza (Province)|Zaragoza]]||[[Zaragoza]]
|-
|rowspan=4 valign=top|Country of [[Catalonia]]
|rowspan=4 valign=top|[[Barcelona]]
|[[Barcelona (Province)|Barcelona]]||[[Barcelona]]
|-
|[[Girona (Province)|Girona]]||[[Girona]]
|-
|[[Lleida (Province)|Lleida]]||[[Lleida]]
|-
|[[Tarragona (Province)|Tarragona]]||[[Tarragona]]
|-
|rowspan=3 valign=top|Country of [[Valencia (Country)|Valencia]]
|rowspan=3 valign=top|[[Valencia]]
|[[Alacant (Province)|Alacant]]||[[Alacant]]
|-
|[[Castello|Castelló]]||[[Castello de la Plana|Castelló de la Plana]]
|-
|[[Valencia (Province)|Valencia]]||[[Valencia]]
|-
|rowspan=3 valign=top|Region of [[Murzia (Region)|Murzia]]
|rowspan=3 valign=top|[[Murzia]]
|[[Albacete (Province)|Albacete]]||[[Albacete]]
|-
|[[Almeria (Province)|Almeria]]||[[Almeria]]
|-
|[[Murzia (Province)|Murzia]]||[[Murzia]]
|-
|rowspan=3 valign=top|[[Balear Islands]]
|rowspan=3 valign=top|[[Palma]]
|[[Mallorca]]||[[Palma de Mallorca]]
|-
|[[Menorca]]||[[Mahon]]
|-
|[[Ibiza]]||[[Ibiza]]
|-
|rowspan=3 colspan=2 valign=top|[[Melilla and Oran|Africa Enclaves]]
|[[Melilla]]||[[Melilla]]
|-
|[[Oran]]||[[Oran]]
|}

==History==

Among the first known cities in Iberia was Cartagena, a permanent trading depot established by the Carthaginians along the Murcian coast.  Later, when [[Roman Empire|Rome]] ruled much of Europe, the land area now known as Aragon was called Hispania Terraconensis.

Valencia was founded by the Romans in 137 BC on the site of a former Iberian town, near the river Turia.  This river was rerouted in modern times following a terrible flood, and the dry bed was converted to a park.

The Visigoths took over following the demise of Rome, but were supplanted first by Moors, then Aragonese and Moors again.  It was incorporated into the [[Kingdom of Valencia]] in 1238.  Following the dissolution of the Roman Empire and the fall of the Visigoths to the invading Moors the southernmost counties of the Frankish empire were protected by the buffer state of ‘Marca Hispania’ the area in and around Barcelona.

This area termed Catalonia attributes its name to Ramon Berenguer III, the Count of Barcelona, who was often referred to as catalanius heroes, rector catanicus, and dux catalanensis.  In the 12th century texts where these titles are given, reference is made to the catalanenses appearing beside gots or Goths, the people of Southern [[France]].

Beginning in 1035 Aragon was the name of an independent kingdom ruling not only the present territories, but the Balearic Islands, Valencia, Murcia, Sicily, Naples and Sardinia, though a later schism took away [[Two Sicilies|Naples]], [[Two Sicilies|Sicily]] and [[Two Sicilies|Sardinia]].

Catalonia joined Aragon in 1137 when the counts became the Aragonese kings, but Catalonia and Aragon retained their traditional rights, as did Murcia until the western Iberian coast was solidified into the Kingdom of Aragon by the 13th century.  

King Ferdinand V of Aragon, Sicily and Naples tried to solidify the Iberian Peninsula in 1469 through his bid to marry Isabella of [[Castile and Leon|Castilla-León]], but the highly independent queen refused to marry and surrender her rule, and the two Kingdoms remained divided.

:Isabella of Castile was not the first heir of the Castilian crown.  Her newphew inherited Castile-Leon, and Ferdinand, and his grand-son Charles I (Emperor Charles V), and desendants had no real claim over Castile Leon --[[User:Chlewey|Chlewey]]

Ferdinand V was incensed and carried out protracted wars with Castilla-León for nearly 30 years before Ferdinand was deposed by supporters of his son, and the kingdom passed on.  Catalonia became the center of Aragon’s industrialization, and remains so to this day.

=== The Mediterranean Aragonese Empire ===
From [[Timeline#1035|1035]] until [[Timeline#1479|1479]], '''Aragon''' was the name of an independent kingdom ruling not only the present kingdom of [[Aragon]], but, from [[Timeline#1137|1137]], was also the name of a Crown spanning the [[Kingdom of Aragon]] and [[Catalonia]], and later the [[Balearic Islands]], the [[Valencia (autonomous community)|Valencia]], [[Sicily]], [[Naples]] and [[Sardinia]].

While [[Zaragoza]] was the Capital, the real centre of this kingdom was [[Barcelona]], since it was a seaport located near the geographical center of the Crown, and also one of the political centers of the Crown, with its [[Consell de Cent]] ruling the laws of Catalonia. Other important seaports were [[City of Valencia|Valencia]] and [[Mallorca]]. Both [[Zaragoza]] and Valencia had more population than Barcelona until the [[18th century]] (long after the Aragonese Empire had been absorbed into Spain), when the walls of Barcelona were taken down and the city outgrew all others in the territories of the former Crown. 

Some present-day historians may call the Crown the &quot;[[Catalan-Aragonese Confederation]]&quot;, since this reflects the composition of the state, but its most usual name was &quot;Crown of Aragon&quot;. Barcelona was the center of what was in many ways a Mediterranean Empire, ruling the Mediterranean Sea and [[thalassocracy|setting rules for the entire sea]] (for instance, in the ''[[Llibre del Consolat del Mar]]'', a compilation of [[maritime law]] in Catalan). 

The christian kingdoms that we now know as [[Spain]] spent the [[Middle Ages]] after [[Timeline#711|722]] in an intermittent struggle called the ''[[Reconquista]]''. This struggle pitted the northern Christian kingdoms against the Islamic kingdoms of the South and among themselves.  

In the Late Middle Ages, the [[Aragon]]ese expansion southwards met with the [[Castile|Castilian]] advance northward in the region of [[Murcia (province)|Murcia]] .  Afterward, the Aragonese empire focused in the [[Mediterranean]], acting as far as [[Greece]] and [[Barbary]].

The union of the two territories of Catalonia and Aragon was caused by the marriage of [[Ramon_Berenguer_IV%2C_Count_of_Barcelona]] and [[Petronila of Aragon]], later Queen of Aragon. This merged the County of Barcelona with the Kingdom of Aragon under the name of &quot;Crown of Aragon&quot;. Their son, [[Alfonso II of Aragon|Alfonso II]], inherited both titles. This union was made while respecting the existing institutions of both places. This situation was maintained until the abolition of the state, beginning 18th century.

The king [[James I of Aragon|James I]] (13th century) conquered new territories and incorporated [[Majorca]] and the region of Valencia to the state. Valencia was made a new kingdom with its own institutions, and so the third member of the confederation. Majorca, together with the counties of [[Cerdanya]] and [[Roussillon]] and the city of [[Montpellier]], were given to his son James and were named [[Kingdom of Majorca]], but these territories were reincorporated in year 1349.

The expansion through Mediterranean sea continued ([[Sicily]], [[Minorca]], [[Sardinia]]). In 1410 king [[Martin I of Aragon|Martin I]] dies without descendants. This caused that [[Ferdinand of Antequera]], from the Castilian dynasty of [[Trastamara]], was made king of the Crown of Aragon.

In year 1443, [[Naples]] was conquered. Later the king [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] recovered the northern catalan counties and married Isabella, syster of the king of Castile in [[1479]].

=== Hapsbourg Aragon ===
=== Bourbon Aragon ===
=== The 19th Century and the decolonization: 1808-1899 ===
In the beginning of the 19th century, the political unrest in Europe expanded to their American colonies.  After a [[France|French republic]] attempted to solve some border disputes with Aragon by invading, the fierce Aragonese resistance led to the peace of [[Barcelona]] in 1802.  From the reminds of the [[Napoleon]]ic wars, Aragon was a close ally to France.

[[Image:Ar~.png|thumb|Aragonese Royal Navy`s Ensign]]
[[Image:Ar~merchant.png|thumb|Aragonese Merchant Navy`s Ensign]]
In 1809 the French and the Aragonese invaded [[Castile and Leon]] and [[Portugal]], king [[Alfonso XIV of Castile and Leon]] fled to [[New Kingdom of Granada|New Granada]] and organized the courts there.  King Pedro of Portugal was imprisoned by [[Napoleon]]. Joseph Bonaparte was put on the Portuguese throne.

Aragon declared war against the Triple Alliance ([[Federated Kingdoms]], [[Austria]], [[Russia]]). This led the English to attempt to take [[Bons Oratges]].  While the English failed to set foot on [[Riu de L'Argent]], they managed an effective blockade that practically cut off [[Bons Oratges]] from [[Barcelona]].

While the partisans in Castilla fiercely fought the [[France|French]] and the Aragonese. Alfonso of Castile, formally joined the Triple Alliance and organized an attack against Riu de L'Argent from his American territories.

[[Riu de L'Argent]] was formally returned to Aragon in 1819, but by this time, Argentians have been cut off from the metropolis for too long.  They asked for an autonomous status which was granted in 1823. Riu de L'Argent elected its own Parliament, and Cabinet, while recognizing king Ferdinand of Aragon as their monarch.

From the beginning the [[Riu de L'Argent|Argentians]] supported the rebellion in São Paulo. This led to a Portuguese invasion of [[Uruguay]] in 1819, short after Castille demilitarized Bons Oratges. 

São Paulo finally defeated the royalists at Rio de Janeiro in 1822, ''freeing'' Uruguay. However the devolution was not automatic, as Aragon had not recognized the new Republic of Brazil. Riu de L'Argent was not allowed to recognize or send ambassadors to foreign powers, but by 1827, Paraná handed Uruguay back to Riu de L'Argent.

In 1876, Aragon granted full independence to Riu de L'Argent, but Argentians kept the Aragonese king as their monarch.

==Geography==
Aragon is located in the east of the [[Iberian Peninsula]].
===Borders===
North: [[France]].
West: [[Castile and Leon]].
South: Mediterranean Sea.
East: Mediterranean Sea.
==Economy==
==Culture==
===Languages===
[[Aragonese]] is the official language in [[Aragon]] and is used in all official papers.  Aragonese is not, however, the most spoken language.  [[Catalan]] is.
===Religion===
The most practiced religion is [[Catholicism]].

{{Aragon}}
[[Category:Nations in Europe]]</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Melilla and Oran</title>
    <id>1072</id>
    <revision>
      <id>52999</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-03T20:45:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Misterxeight</username>
        <id>192</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;'''Melilla y Orán'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Melilla i Orán'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Melilla and Oran'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|colspan=2 align=center | 
|-
|'''Subdivision of''' || [[Aragon]]
|-
|'''Capital''' || Melilla, Oran
|-
|'''Languages''' || 
|-
| Official  || [[Aragonese]], [[Catalan]], [[Arabic]]
|-
|'''Area''' || ...
|-
|'''Population''' || ...
|-
|'''Establishment''' || ...
|}
__TOC__

Mellila and Oran (in order going west to east on the coast) were founded by the Moors, Oran in the 10th Century and Mellila probably in the 12th century.  [[Aragon]] captured Mellila in 1497 and Oran in 1509 .  Prior to that time Melilla had been the frontier of the Kingdom of Tremecén and the Kingdom of Fez. These cities were not long in the hold of Aragon, as the [[Ottoman Empire]] came quickly to power in the early 18th century, capturing both cities in 1708, and holding control until 1732.  Eager to regain these cities the Ottomans captured them in 1791, and lost them to the French in 1831.

Mellila in particular has always been a desired prize of the Maghreb Caliphate, but Aragon, as Castilla i León, denounces all claims.  Oran is credited with giving birth to the musical movement ‘Rai.’

==Administration==
===Government===
The Aragonese African enclaves are ruled separately as city-provinces.

===Administrative Divisions===
The Aragonese African enclaves are:

{| align=left |
{| border=1 align=left cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;'''Ciudat de Melilla'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Ciutat de Melilla'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''City of Melilla'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|colspan=2 align=center |  [[Image:Melilla.flag.png|Flag of Oran]]
|-
|'''Subdivision of''' || [[Aragon]]
|-
|'''Capital''' || Melilla
|-
|'''Languages''' || [[Catalan]], [[Arabic]]
|-
|'''Area''' || ...
|-
|'''Population''' || ...
|-
|'''Establishment''' || ...
|}
|
{| border=1 align=left cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;'''Ciudat de Orán'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Ciutat de Oràn'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''City of Oran'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|colspan=2 align=center |  [[Image:Oran.flag.png|Flag of Oran]]
|-
|'''Subdivision of''' || [[Aragon]]
|-
|'''Capital''' || Oran
|-
|'''Languages''' || [[Catalan]], [[Arabic]]
|-
|'''Area''' || ...
|-
|'''Population''' || ...
|-
|'''Establishment''' || ...
|}
|}

&lt;br clear=all&gt;

==History==
...

==Geography==
===Borders===
[[Melilla]] borders in the south with [[Maghreb]].

[[Oman]] borders in the south with [[Maghreb]].

==Economy==
...

==Culture==
...

{{Aragon}}</text>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Armenia</title>
    <id>1074</id>
    <revision>
      <id>62449</id>
      <timestamp>2009-10-07T21:39:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dalmatinac</username>
        <id>45</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve">{{start infobox|name=Հայաստան&lt;br&gt;Hayastan&lt;br&gt;Armenia}}
{{shortname infobox|vernacular=Hayastan / Հայաստան|english=Armenia}} 
{{image infobox|file=Armenia_state_flag.gif|caption=State flag of {{PAGENAME}} }}
&lt;!--{{motto infobox|motto=THE MOTTO!}}--&gt;
{{lang2 infobox|official=Armenian|others=Turkish, ?}}
{{cities2 infobox|capital=Yerevan|other=}}
&lt;!--
{{ruler infobox|title=HEAD OF STATE|name=NAME OF HoS}}
{{ruler infobox|title=CHIEF OF GOVERNMENT|name=NAME OF CoG}}
{{area infobox|area=AREA}}
{{population infobox|population=POPULATION|adjective=ADJECTIVE}}
{{independence infobox|from=RULING NATION|dec_date=DATE OF DECLARATION|rec_date=DATE OF RECOGNITION}}
{{independence2 infobox|from=RULING NATION|date=DATE}}
{{currency infobox|currency=CURRENCY}}
{{organization infobox|organization=SUPRANATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS}}
--&gt;
{{close infobox}}
'''Armenia''' is an independent country substantially bigger than it is *here*, including much of what is *here* northeastern [[Turkey]]. Southeastern Turkey is part of [[Kurdistan]]. Armenia borders with [[Georgia]] in the north, [[Azerbaijan]] in the east, [[Kurdistan]] in the south, and [[Turkey]] in the west.

==Geography==
[[Image:Armenia civil flag.gif|thumb|left|Civil flag]]
===Borders===
North: [[Georgia]].&lt;br&gt;
West: [[Turkey]].&lt;br&gt;
South: [[Kurdistan]].&lt;br&gt;
East: [[Azerbaijan]].&lt;br&gt;

[[Cilicia]] is a culturally Armenian region on the Mediterranean coast in Turksh and Syrian territory.  Tension has often existed between Cilician Armenians oriented toward the Levant and Caucasian-ward Armenians who were oriented more toward  Persia and Russia. 

[[File:Hy-arms.gif|216px|thumb|right|State arms]]
[[File:Hy-af-rdl.gif|222px|thumb|right|Air Force roundel]]

----
{{ibsource}}
We know very little about Armenia yet, but here is at least something:

[Jan] Are the Northern borders of Armenia *there* the same as *here*? What about Nagorno-Karabach and Nakhichevan?

[Steg] Not sure... i don't really know anything about the *here* history of the Caucasus, in order to figure out what could have happened *there*. What about if [[Russia]] conquered the whole area during its early-1900's fighting with the [[Turkey|Ottoman Empire]]; then, after the fall (asleep? ;-) ) of the [[SNOR]], Armenia, [[Georgia]], and [[Azerbaijan]] formed some kind of &quot;Caucasus Federation&quot; (which it looks like they tried to for a little bit *here* in the early 20th century).
Or, the Ottomans conquer the whole area, start the Armenian Genocide, but then the Armenians fight back, declaring their independence and sending another set of nationalist ripples through the Empire, helping it break up in the 1920's. Maybe that's when they start a Caucasus Federation, except *there* it works? and they keep out both the Turks and the Russians?

[Steg] Do you think it makes sense for the various Middle Eastern nations to have gained their independence by revolting against the [[Turkey|Ottoman Empire]] when they saw that the OE was getting its butt kicked in the Great War 1? The independence movements probably originated in [[Lebanon]] and [[Judea]], since they had only been under Ottoman control for about 75 years.

[Ferko] I see no reason why they shouldn't have taken inspiration from the [[Hungary|Hungarians]], [[Bulgaria|Bulgarians]] etc when the Balkan nations rose up against the Turk. In fact, I would venture to say they probably did.

[Rodlox] In 1920, Sultan Ibrahim instituted the Language Reform, which purged [[Turkey]]'s Osmanlica alphabet of [[Persia|Persian]] characters. Facing rebellion in the same year, he ordered a forced march of all [[Kurdistan|Kurds]] and Armenians to the nations of their co-nationals to the east. The [[Syria|Syrian]] citizens, however, he allowed the option to stay in [[Turkey]].

==History==
'''And here is some ancient history:'''

[Daniel] Under Emperor Trajan the boundaries of the [Roman] empire extended beyond the Danube or Ister into Dacia, and later beyond, into Armenia and Mesopotamia. Emperor Hadrian, Trajan's appointed succesor, however, felt that the Empire had been overextended, and thus to preserve the strength of the armies relinquished Trajan's conquests in Armenia and Mesopotamia. [...] The turning point of decline came in 251 as Decius defeated the invading Goths in the Danube. In the terms of peace between Rome and the Goths, Decius offered forth a plan. If the Goths were willing to join with Rome, Rome would accept them as citizens and give them the Eastern portions of Asia Minor as well as the entire province (albeit small) of Armenia. Though this seemed to be a surrender of territory, Decius preferred to lose a specific amount of territory to a known enemy than to lose all of the Empire to an irrepressible foe. It was his plan to create a buffer between Rome and Empire and the threatinging Parthians to the east. This peace caused a split among the tribes of the Goths, and the Ostrogoths chose to remain on the shores of the black Sea, while the Visigoths moved to the waiting territory or Armenia, and Eastern Asia Minor. [...] While the Alemanni were accepting of this treatment, Diocleatians attemps at civilizing the barbarians were largely a vailur. The Ostrogoths on the Black Sea's shores resisted the civilizing influence, and the Visigoths in Armenia and Eastern Asia Minor, having realized they were being used left their settlements vacant and settled with their cousins, taking the vacant province of Dacia as their own, and resisted and rousted any Roman advancement into the province.

[[Category:Nations in the Middle East]]</text>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>Currency</title>
    <id>1075</id>